Laser precise regulation and control metal droplet generation device and method

Abstract

The invention discloses a laser precise regulation and control metal molten drop generation device and method. The laser precise regulation and control metal molten drop generation device comprises a molten drop heating device, a laser device, a laser head, a substrate, a control system, a quartz glass tube, a crucible and a spray hole. The control system is connected with the molten drop heating device and the laser, the molten drop heating device is used for melting a metal solid into molten metal, and the control system is used for adjusting the height of the quartz glass tube, changing the distance between the bottom of the quartz glass tube and the spray hole, monitoring the focus position of a laser beam and ensuring that the laser beam is accurately projected to the surface of the molten metal; laser beams are transmitted through the quartz glass tube and then act on the surface of molten metal, so that liquid metal is gasified to generate metal steam, and the molten metal below is pushed to be sprayed out through the spraying holes to form molten metal drops; according to position adjustment of the quartz glass tube, focus energy density of laser beams is controlled, and the size of metal molten drops is adjusted; and the purpose of accurately regulating and controlling the generation size of the metal molten drops is achieved by adjusting the laser power, the laser spot and the distance from the quartz glass tube to the spray hole.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to a device and method for accurately controlling metal molten droplet generation by laser, belonging to the field of additive manufacturing, in particular to the field of droplet injection technology. Background Art

[0002] The deposition molding technology based on droplet injection is one of the additive manufacturing (3D printing) technologies. Its basic principle is that molten metal forms a metal solution under heating conditions, and under the action of external force, it forms molten droplets through a tiny nozzle and is finally sprayed onto a deposition substrate. Through the coordination of the injection device and the moving substrate, the metal droplets are finally printed point by point and layer by layer according to the predetermined trajectory.

[0003] The deposition forming technology based on metal droplet injection has the following unique advantages in the field of printing small structural parts: (1) The droplet size is small and uniform, and can be printed point by point and layer by layer. (2) The continuous deposition process of tiny droplets has the characteristics of rapid solidification. The microstructure of the printed material is small, and to a certain extent, a non-segregated structure or a microcrystalline structure with less segregation can be obtained, thereby improving the mechanical properties of the parts; (3) No special raw materials and expensive special equipment are required, and the production cost is low. Therefore, this technology is expected to provide a new way to prepare small, special-shaped thin-walled parts in various advanced systems in a short period of time, at low cost and with high efficiency. In the field of droplet injection

[0004] However, the key to the droplet jet deposition molding technology is to control the size of the metal droplets, which is one of the key factors affecting the final molded parts. Most of the current droplet manufacturing fields use pulsed pneumatics or piezoelectric ceramics to control the size of the metal droplets. The principle is to generate pulsed disturbances to cause the metal solution to shrink during the injection process and produce metal droplets. This technology has the disadvantages of complex equipment, difficult control, high cost, and low molding accuracy. Therefore, a laser-precision control device and method for generating metal droplets is proposed. The laser is used to precisely control the size of the metal droplets, which is used to control the size of the metal droplets and the injection frequency during the additive manufacturing process. The present invention can control the size of the droplets and improve the accuracy of the molded parts. Summary of the invention

[0005] The present invention provides a laser precise control device and method for generating molten metal droplets, which is used to solve the problems existing in the existing additive manufacturing technology that the size distribution of molten metal droplets is uneven, resulting in the difficulty in precise control of the forming process, and the shape of the printed parts is relatively simple and the dimensional accuracy is poor.

[0006] In order to solve the above technical problems, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is:

[0007] A laser precision control metal droplet generation device comprises a droplet heating device 1, a laser 2, a laser head 3, a substrate 4, a control system 5, a quartz glass tube 6, a crucible 7 and a nozzle 8. The control system 5 is connected to the droplet heating device 1 and the laser 2, the metal raw material is installed in the droplet heating device 1, the droplet heating device 1 is used to melt the metal solid into a metal melt, the quartz glass tube 6 penetrates into the crucible 7, the height of the quartz glass tube 6 is accurately adjusted by the control system 5, the distance between the bottom of the quartz glass tube 6 and the nozzle 8 is changed, and the focal position of the laser beam is monitored to ensure that it is accurately projected onto the surface of the metal melt. The laser head 3 is connected to the laser 2, the control system 5 controls the laser 2 and emits the laser beam through the laser head 3, the laser beam is transmitted through the quartz glass tube 6, acts on the surface of the metal melt, gasifies the liquid metal to generate metal vapor, and pushes the metal melt below to spray out through the nozzle 8 to form a metal droplet; according to the position adjustment of the quartz glass tube 6, the focus energy density of the laser beam is controlled to adjust the size of the metal droplet.

[0008] The laser beam emission power of the laser 2 is set by the control system 5 to ensure that after the laser 2 is turned on, the laser beam generated by the laser head 3 can accurately pass through the quartz glass tube 6 and act on the surface of the molten metal. The spot size of the laser beam is adjusted by the control system 5 to control the area of ​​the laser irradiation area, thereby affecting the size of the metal droplet to achieve precise control; specifically, high power and a larger laser beam spot will produce larger metal droplets, while low power and a smaller laser beam spot will produce smaller metal droplets.

[0009] Preferably, the laser beam emitted by the laser 2 is transmitted through glass and focused on the surface of the molten metal, so that the surface of the molten metal quickly absorbs laser energy and heats up, reaching the melting point and melting. Continuous application of laser energy causes the molten metal to further absorb energy and vaporize. The molten metal changes from liquid to gas, forming high-temperature and high-pressure metal vapor. The metal vapor generated by vaporization exerts pressure on the surrounding molten metal due to its high temperature and high pressure. The pressure difference drives the molten metal to form metal droplets, which are ejected from the surface of the metal liquid. The laser beam achieves precise control of the generation of metal droplets by controlling the degree of vaporization and pressure changes. In addition, the frequency of metal droplet generation is controlled by controlling the pulse time of the laser.

[0010] Preferably, the quartz glass tube 6 is fixed to an adjustable bracket by a precision mechanical fixture. The precision mechanical fixture can accurately adjust the height and position of the quartz glass tube to ensure that the distance from the bottom of the quartz glass tube 8 to the nozzle is fine-tuned as needed. The mechanism of distance control of droplet size is that when the bottom of the quartz glass tube is closer to the nozzle, the laser focus is closer to the surface of the molten metal and the energy density is higher. High energy density causes rapid vaporization of the surface of the molten metal, resulting in higher metal vapor pressure. High vapor pressure pushes more molten metal through the nozzle to form larger droplets; conversely, when the bottom of the quartz glass tube is farther from the nozzle, smaller droplets are formed.

[0011] Preferably, the frequency control process of the metal droplet generation is implemented as follows: the frequency of the metal droplet generation is controlled by changing the laser pulse frequency. A higher pulse frequency will increase the generation speed of the droplets, while a lower frequency will slow down the generation speed, ultimately achieving the purpose of controlling the size of the metal droplets and the generation frequency.

[0012] Preferably, the laser beam is applied to the surface of the metal droplet through the transmission of the quartz glass 6, so that the molten metal on the surface is vaporized to generate metal vapor, and the metal vapor force acts on the molten metal below and drives the molten metal below to flow toward the nozzle 8, thereby generating metal droplets at the nozzle 8.

[0013] Preferably, the method of laser driving the molten metal droplets is to apply the laser to the quartz glass tube 6, and by adjusting the distance from the quartz glass tube 6 to the bottom nozzle 8, thereby changing the distance between the laser beam applied to the surface of the metal solution and the nozzle 8, so that the volume of the molten metal from the bottom of the quartz glass tube 6 to the nozzle 8 changes, and finally the size of the metal droplets generated by the metal solution at the nozzle 8 changes.

[0014] Preferably, the quartz glass tube 4 has a focusing effect. Quartz glass has high transparency and low absorption, and can effectively transmit the laser beam, so that the energy of the laser beam can be transmitted to the surface of the metal melt.

[0015] Preferably, the bottom of the quartz glass tube 4 is a concave mirror, which focuses the laser beam to a focal point, heats the focal point on the surface of the molten metal, vaporizes it to generate metal vapor, and the metal vapor force drives the metal droplets to form.

[0016] Preferably, the spray hole 8 is funnel-shaped, so that after the metal vapor acts on the molten metal, it is convenient for the molten metal to flow toward the spray hole, and it is not easy to generate eddy currents and other phenomena that hinder the generation of molten metal droplets.

[0017] Preferably, the implementation method of the device is as follows: first, the solid metal raw material is cleaned to remove oxides and impurities on the surface, and the cleaned metal raw material is installed in the crucible 7. The metal raw material is heated by the droplet heating device 1 to form a metal melt.

[0018] The dried quartz glass tube 6 is placed in a heated crucible, immersed in the molten metal, and held just above the nozzle hole and perpendicular to the nozzle hole by a fixture.

[0019] After the laser power and laser frequency are set by the control system 5 and the laser 2 is turned on, the laser head 3 generates a laser beam which acts on the surface of the molten metal after passing through the quartz glass tube 6, thereby generating metal droplets at the nozzle 8 and then depositing on the substrate 4.

[0020] The beneficial effect of the present invention is to provide a device and method for accurately controlling the generation of molten metal droplets by laser. The advantage of the present invention is that it can accurately control the size of the molten metal droplets. By adjusting the distance from the bottom of the quartz glass tube to the nozzle, the position and energy density of the laser focus can be accurately controlled, thereby achieving accurate control of the size of the molten metal droplets. And due to the precise control of the size of the molten metal droplets, the accuracy and consistency of the molded parts in the additive manufacturing process are significantly improved. After passing through the quartz glass tube, the laser beam is concentrated on the surface of the molten metal, which not only applies force to the surface of the molten metal, but also uses the heating effect of the laser to vaporize the surface of the molten metal. The force of the generated metal vapor on the molten metal promotes the generation of metal droplets, thereby achieving efficient generation of droplets. The pulse frequency of the laser can accurately control the injection frequency of the molten metal droplets, making the droplet generation process more controllable.

[0021] In summary, the present invention achieves precise control of the size of the metal droplet by precisely adjusting the distance from the bottom of the quartz glass tube to the nozzle, combined with comprehensive control of the laser spot size, power and pulse frequency. This technology effectively solves the problem of the difficulty in controlling the size of the metal droplet, significantly improves the molding accuracy and surface quality of the additively molded parts, and has broad application prospects.

[0022] The present invention proposes a new process in the field of additive manufacturing, and solves the problem that the size of metal molten droplets is difficult to control. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0023] Figure 1 It is a schematic structural diagram of the laser-induced metal droplet forming device of the present invention.

[0024] In the figure: 1. Droplet heating device; 2. Laser; 3. Laser head; 4. Substrate; 5. Control system; 6. Quartz glass tube; 7. Crucible; 8. Nozzle. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0025] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present application to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present application, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0026] like Figure 1 As shown, a laser-driven metal droplet generation additive system includes a crucible 7, a droplet heating device 1, a quartz glass tube 6, a substrate 4, a laser head 3, a laser 2, and a control system 5. The control system 5 is connected to the droplet heating device 1 and the laser 2. The metal raw material is installed on the droplet heating device 1. The droplet heating device 1 melts the metal solid into metal liquid. The quartz glass tube 6 penetrates into the crucible 7. The height of the quartz glass tube 6 can be adjusted by a clamp. The laser head 3 is connected to the laser 2. The control system 5 controls the laser and emits a laser beam through the laser head. The laser beam irradiates the bottom of the quartz glass tube 6 and acts on the surface of the molten metal through the quartz glass tube 6, so that the liquid metal is vaporized to generate metal vapor, and the liquid metal below is pushed out through the nozzle 8 to form a metal droplet, which is solidified on the substrate 4. This is repeated in sequence to perform additive manufacturing.

[0027] The additive method of using laser drive to produce molten metal droplets adopts a new process method. The laser works by transmitting through glass and focusing on the surface of the metal liquid, so that the metal surface quickly absorbs laser energy and heats up, reaching the melting point and melting. Continuous application of laser energy causes the molten metal to further absorb energy and vaporize. The metal changes from liquid to gas, forming high-temperature and high-pressure metal vapor. The metal vapor produced by vaporization exerts pressure on the surrounding molten metal due to its high temperature and pressure. This pressure difference drives the molten metal to form droplets and eject from the surface of the metal liquid. In this process, the laser controls the degree of vaporization and pressure changes to achieve precise control of droplet generation. In addition, the frequency of metal droplet generation is controlled by controlling the pulse time of the laser.

[0028] The present invention fixes the quartz glass tube 6 on an adjustable bracket by a precision mechanical fixture. The precision mechanical fixture can accurately adjust the height and position of the quartz glass tube 6 to ensure that the distance from its bottom to the nozzle 8 is fine-tuned as needed. The laser precision control of the metal droplet is first achieved by the output power of the laser 2 being precisely adjusted according to demand and by using a pulsed laser mode. This method can achieve high-energy density laser irradiation in a very short time, improve the metal gasification efficiency, and reduce the thermal impact on the surrounding metal. In addition, the laser head 3 can be accurately positioned in three-dimensional space through the cooperation of the precision mechanical structure and the control system to ensure that the laser beam is always concentrated at the bottom of the quartz glass tube 6. The height of the quartz glass tube 6 can be fine-tuned by a fixture so that its bottom is always in the best focal position, ensuring that the laser energy is effectively transmitted to the molten metal surface. By adjusting the size of the laser spot by the control system 5, the area of ​​the laser irradiation area can be controlled, thereby affecting the size of the metal droplet. A smaller spot can form a smaller droplet, and a larger spot can form a larger droplet, realizing laser precision control of metal droplet molding.

[0029] The significant advantages and differences of the present invention over the prior art are mainly reflected in the two aspects of high-precision control and multi-dimensional regulation. High-precision control is reflected in the real-time monitoring and precise adjustment of laser power and position to ensure uniform heating and gasification of the molten metal surface. Multi-dimensional regulation is reflected in the fact that the height and position of the laser head 3 and the quartz glass tube 6 can be precisely adjusted in three-dimensional space, so the flexible adjustment of laser power, spot size and pulse frequency ensures that the laser beam is always concentrated at the optimal position, improving the formation accuracy of the molten droplet.

[0030] By adjusting the distance between the quartz glass tube and the nozzle, the amount of liquid metal between the lower part of the quartz glass tube and the nozzle changes, and then the size of the generated metal droplets changes. This method can accurately control the size of the generated metal droplets. In addition, due to its high transparency and low absorption, the quartz glass tube can effectively transmit the laser beam, so that the laser energy can be transmitted to the surface of the metal liquid. The effective transfer of energy is guaranteed. In addition, the quartz glass tube has an extremely high melting point and excellent thermal stability, so it is stable and reliable.

[0031] Method Example 1: The heating method in the droplet heating device is to heat by high-frequency heating, i.e., electromagnetic induction heating device. The additive manufacturing method designed by the present invention for generating metal droplets based on laser drive includes an electromagnetic induction coil, a heater, a crucible, a nozzle, a heat insulation ring, a laser, a control system, and a quartz glass tube. A nozzle is designed in the middle of the bottom of the crucible, and a heat insulation ring is installed on the outside of the crucible between the electromagnetic induction coil and the crucible. The quartz glass tube is installed in the middle of the crucible by a clamp, and the height of the quartz glass tube can be adjusted.

[0032] The specific operation is that 2A12 aluminum alloy is selected as the metal solid. Before the metal is put in, most of the oxide scale on its surface is removed by chemical method. Then the metal is put into the crucible, and the electromagnetic induction heating device and the laser device are turned on. After the device is heated to the preheating temperature, the laser power, laser focus, laser pulse frequency, and laser current are adjusted. The laser power ratio is selected to be 20%, the input laser power is 2000*20%=400W, the laser focus is selected to be 200μm, the laser pulse frequency is selected to be 20ns, and the laser current is selected to be 20A. Then the laser head is turned on, and the laser beam acts on the surface of the metal liquid through the quartz glass to vaporize it and drive the formation of metal droplets. The size of the metal droplets is controlled by adjusting the height between the quartz glass tube and the nozzle.

[0033] Method embodiment 2: A device for generating metal droplets driven by laser applied to the surface of molten metal includes a metal droplet heating device 1, a substrate 4, a laser 2, a laser head 3, a quartz glass tube 6, a crucible 7, a nozzle 8, and a control system 5. The droplet heating device 1 is used to heat the metal solid in the crucible 7 to form a metal solution. The laser head 2 is installed above the quartz glass tube 6, and the upper and lower distances can be adjusted by a clamp. The quartz glass tube 6 is located in the middle of the crucible 7 by a clamp, and is perpendicular to the nozzle 8 at the bottom of the crucible 7. The control system 5 is connected to the laser 2 and the droplet heating device 1. The metal raw material is installed in the droplet heating device 1, and the laser beam is emitted into the quartz glass tube 6 through the laser head 3, and acts on the surface of the metal solution through the bottom of the quartz glass tube, driving the metal solution to generate metal droplets at the nozzle 8 at the bottom of the crucible 7. By adjusting the height of the quartz glass tube, the height of the laser applied to the surface of the metal solution changes, thereby accurately controlling the size of the metal droplets. The metal droplets generated by the nozzle 8 are deposited on the substrate 4, collide with the substrate 4, and solidify on the substrate 4.

[0034] The present invention uses a new process method to precisely control the production of metal droplets using laser additive method. The laser works by transmitting through glass and focusing on the surface of the metal liquid, so that the metal surface quickly absorbs laser energy and heats up, reaching the melting point and melting. Continuous application of laser energy allows the molten metal to further absorb energy and vaporize. The metal changes from liquid to gas, forming high-temperature and high-pressure metal vapor. The metal vapor produced by vaporization exerts pressure on the surrounding molten metal due to its high temperature and high pressure. This pressure difference drives the molten metal to form droplets, which are ejected from the surface of the metal liquid. In this process, the laser controls the degree of vaporization and pressure changes to achieve precise control of droplet generation. In addition, the frequency of metal droplet generation is controlled by controlling the pulse time of the laser.

[0035] The method for precisely controlling the size of molten metal droplets by laser of the present invention is to apply laser to the quartz glass tube 6, and adjust the distance from the quartz glass tube 6 to the bottom nozzle 8, thereby affecting the distance between the laser applied to the surface of the metal solution and the nozzle 8, so that the volume of the metal solution from the bottom of the quartz glass tube 6 to the nozzle changes, and finally affects the size of the metal droplets generated by the metal solution at the nozzle 8.

[0036] The quartz glass tube 6 has the function of adjusting the distance between the laser applied to the metal melt surface and the nozzle 8 and also has the function of focusing light, reducing the reflection of the laser and improving the absorption efficiency.

[0037] The bottom of the quartz glass tube 6 is designed as a concave mirror. The function of the concave mirror is to have a focusing function, which can make the laser beam focus on one point, heat a point on the surface of the metal solution, vaporize it to produce metal vapor, and the metal vapor force drives the metal droplet to form.

[0038] The spray hole 8 at the bottom of the crucible 7 is designed to be funnel-shaped. The reason is that after the metal vapor acts on the metal solution, it is convenient for the metal solution to flow to the spray hole, and it is not easy to generate eddy currents and other phenomena to hinder the generation of metal droplets.

Claims

1. A laser precise control metal droplet generation device, characterized in that: It includes a droplet heating device, a laser, a laser head, a substrate, a control system, a quartz glass tube, a crucible and a nozzle; the control system is connected to the droplet heating device and the laser, the metal raw material is installed in the droplet heating device, the droplet heating device is used to melt the metal solid into a metal melt, the quartz glass tube is inserted into the crucible, the height of the quartz glass tube is accurately adjusted by the control system, the distance between the bottom of the quartz glass tube and the nozzle is changed, the focal position of the laser beam is monitored, and it is ensured that it is accurately projected onto the surface of the metal melt; the laser head is connected to the laser, the control system controls the laser and emits the laser beam through the laser head, the laser beam is transmitted through the quartz glass tube, acts on the surface of the metal melt, gasifies the liquid metal to generate metal vapor, and pushes the metal melt below to spray out through the nozzle to form a metal droplet; according to the position adjustment of the quartz glass tube, the focus energy density of the laser beam is controlled, and the size of the metal droplet is adjusted; The laser beam emission power of the laser is set through the control system to ensure that after the laser is turned on, the laser beam generated by the laser head can accurately pass through the quartz glass tube and act on the surface of the molten metal; the spot size of the laser beam is adjusted by the control system to control the area of ​​the laser irradiation area, thereby affecting the size of the metal droplets to achieve precise control; specifically, high power and a larger laser beam spot will produce larger metal droplets, while low power and a smaller laser beam spot will produce smaller metal droplets.

2. The laser precise control metal droplet generation device according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The laser beam emitted by the laser is transmitted through glass and focused on the surface of the molten metal, so that the surface of the molten metal quickly absorbs laser energy and heats up, and melts when the melting point is reached; the laser energy is continuously applied to make the molten metal further absorb energy and vaporize; the molten metal changes from liquid to gas, forming high-temperature and high-pressure metal vapor; the metal vapor generated by vaporization exerts pressure on the surrounding molten metal due to its high temperature and pressure; the pressure difference drives the molten metal to form metal droplets, which are ejected from the surface of the metal liquid; the laser beam achieves precise control of the generation of metal droplets by controlling the degree of vaporization and pressure changes; the frequency of metal droplet generation is controlled by controlling the pulse time of the laser.

3. The laser precise control metal droplet generation device according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The quartz glass tube is fixed on an adjustable bracket by a precision mechanical clamp; the precision mechanical clamp can accurately adjust the height and position of the quartz glass tube to ensure that the distance from the bottom of the quartz glass tube to the nozzle is fine-tuned as needed; the mechanism of distance controlling the size of the molten droplet is that when the bottom of the quartz glass tube is closer to the nozzle, the laser focus is closer to the surface of the molten metal and the energy density is higher; high energy density will cause the surface of the molten metal to vaporize rapidly, generating a higher metal vapor pressure; high vapor pressure pushes more molten metal through the nozzle to form larger molten droplets; on the contrary, when the bottom of the quartz glass tube is far from the nozzle, smaller molten droplets are formed.

4. The laser precise control metal droplet generation device according to claim 2 is characterized in that: The frequency control process of metal droplet generation is implemented as follows: the frequency of metal droplet generation is controlled by changing the laser pulse frequency; a higher pulse frequency will increase the generation speed of the droplets, while a lower frequency will slow down the generation speed, ultimately achieving the purpose of controlling the size of the metal droplets and the generation frequency.

5. The laser precise control metal droplet generation device according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The laser beam is transmitted through the quartz glass and applied to the surface of the metal droplet, so that the molten metal on the surface is vaporized to produce metal vapor. The metal vapor force acts on the molten metal below and drives the molten metal below to flow toward the nozzle, thereby producing metal droplets at the nozzle.

6. The laser precise control metal droplet generation device according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The method of laser driving metal droplets is to apply laser to a quartz glass tube, and by adjusting the distance from the quartz glass tube to the bottom nozzle, thereby changing the distance between the laser beam applied to the metal solution surface and the nozzle, the volume of the metal solution from the bottom of the quartz glass tube to the nozzle changes, and finally the size of the metal droplets generated by the metal solution at the nozzle changes.

7. The laser precise control metal droplet generation device according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The quartz glass tube has a focusing effect. Quartz glass has high transparency and low absorption, and can effectively transmit the laser beam, so that the energy of the laser beam can be transmitted to the surface of the molten metal.

8. The laser precise control metal droplet generation device according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The bottom of the quartz glass tube is a concave mirror. The concave mirror focuses the laser beam to a focal point, which heats the focal point on the surface of the molten metal, causing it to vaporize and produce metal vapor. The metal vapor force drives the metal droplets to form.

9. The laser precise control metal droplet generation device according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The spray hole is funnel-shaped, and after the metal vapor acts on the molten metal, it is convenient for the molten metal to flow toward the spray hole.

10. The laser precise control metal droplet generation device according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The implementation method of the device is as follows: firstly, the metal solid raw material is cleaned to remove the oxides and impurities on the surface, and the cleaned metal raw material is installed in a crucible; the metal raw material is heated by a molten drop heating device to form a metal melt; Place the dry quartz glass tube into the heated crucible, immerse it in the molten metal, and hold it directly above the nozzle and perpendicular to the nozzle by a fixture; After setting the laser power and laser frequency through the control system and turning on the laser, the laser head generates a laser beam which passes through the quartz glass tube and acts on the surface of the molten metal, thereby generating metal droplets at the nozzle and then depositing them on the substrate.

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