Growth conditioning agent and growth conditioning method for preventing and controlling waxberry wilt

Abstract

The invention discloses a growth conditioning method for waxberry fusarium wilt prevention and control. A conditioning agent is researched and developed to condition a waxberry growth soil environment, promote root growth, improve stem and leaf growth, improve the biological and environmental stress resistance of waxberries, control the occurrence of waxberry fusarium wilt and realize sustainable high-yield and high-quality production. The growth conditioner comprises the following components: 60 parts of a fermented cow dung mixture, 20 parts of fermented hickory hull and 20 parts of calcium carbonate, wherein 5 kilograms of compound fertilizer, 3 kilograms of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer and 5 kilograms of potassium sulfate fertilizer are added per cubic meter; the compound fertilizer is selected from NPK (Nitrogen, Phosphate and Ketone) 16-6- The growth conditioner provided by the invention can regulate the pH value of soil, the pH value of waxberry site soil can be increased from 4-5 to 5.5-6, the organic matter content and air permeability of the soil are improved, the water and fertilizer retention capability is enhanced, and the microbial activity is promoted.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to a method for preventing and controlling fusarium wilt, and in particular to a growth regulator and a growth regulating method for preventing and controlling fusarium wilt. Background Art

[0002] The information provided in this section is for the purpose of generally presenting the background of the present disclosure. To the extent described in this section, the work of the presently named inventors and aspects of the description that may not constitute prior art at the time of filing are neither explicitly nor implicitly admitted to be prior art to the present disclosure.

[0003] Bayberry, a specialty fruit of southern China, plays a vital role in increasing rural agricultural efficiency. Bayberry is primarily cultivated in the mountainous regions of southern China, where the root system is relatively shallow. Due to the heavy rainfall in southern China, the red-yellow soil is sticky, easily compacted, and acidified, resulting in poor air permeability. This weakens the root system's ability to absorb nutrients and reduces disease resistance.

[0004] Due to its high economic value, the pursuit of high yields leads to excessive use of chemical fertilizers and herbicides. Furthermore, the soil in the areas where bayberry is grown is often reddish-yellow, causing soil acidification and compaction, and reduced root growth and vitality. In severe cases, root rot and bacterial infection can lead to bayberry wilt, also known as leaf and branch wilt. Leaves and branches turn yellow and die, and large areas of trees may even die.

[0005] Bayberry wilt, also known as branch and leaf wilt, is caused by the fungus Pseudomonas spp. infecting bayberry wounds. It can occur throughout the bayberry plant's growing season, affecting leaves, branches, trunks, and roots. Outbreaks typically occur from September to March or April of the following year, with symptoms primarily appearing in late summer and early autumn. The xylem in the affected area is damaged, discoloring brown to dark brown. Symptoms abate in the following spring, with shoot growth and fruiting even occurring. However, in autumn, symptoms return with increased severity, with an increase in affected branches and leaves, and extensive leaf drop. Blind buds or twigs form clusters at the junction of healthy branches and infected branches, further weakening the tree. This cycle repeats for two to four years before the entire plant dies. Branch dieback begins with small branches, then spreads to lateral branches, ultimately leading to complete branch and trunk dieback, accompanied by cracking of the phloem in the branches and trunk. Root disease begins in small rootlets, such as fibrous roots, and gradually spreads to the larger root system. The affected areas turn black, rot, and produce a foul odor. In severe cases, the entire root system may die.

[0006] Existing technologies primarily rely on chemical control, which can mitigate the severity of bayberry wilt to a certain extent, believing that killing the pathogen will control the disease. Chemical control generally involves applying pesticides one to two times before and after shoot growth in spring, summer, and autumn, and one to two times seven to ten days before winter pruning in November, depending on the severity of the disease. Pesticides used include benomyl, prochloraz, propiconazole, difenoconazole, and pyraclostrobin. However, this cannot fundamentally address the occurrence of bayberry wilt. In established bayberry-growing areas, the disease has been increasingly severe, and in severe cases, entire plants may die. Existing control measures have some effectiveness in curbing bayberry wilt, but they are only temporary and fail to address the root cause. Bayberry wilt is primarily caused by years of excessive use of chemical fertilizers, herbicides, and paclobutrazol, which has led to severe soil acidification and compaction. According to a random sampling survey of bayberry fields in Xianju County, China's bayberry-producing region, 77.9% of the soil had a pH below 5, and 35.1% below 4.5. The optimal pH for bayberry growth is between 5.5 and 6.0. Because bayberry trees grow in mountainous areas, fertilization and other agricultural operations are time-consuming and labor-intensive. Bayberry farmers, seeking convenience, have long relied primarily on chemical fertilizers, with relatively little investment in organic fertilizers, resulting in a severe deficiency in soil organic matter. Random sampling of bayberry fields revealed an average soil organic matter content of only 15.8g / kg. Existing prevention and control measures have failed to address soil acidification, nor have they addressed the serious deficiencies in organic matter and poor aeration in bayberry soils.

[0007] Bayberry leaf wilt disease occurs due to soil acidification, compaction, poor permeability, low organic matter content, and insufficient soil nutrients, resulting in poor root growth, poor plant vigor, and weakened disease and insect resistance in bayberry plants. It is necessary to develop a bayberry growth conditioning method, a conditioning agent, and its application method to promote bayberry plant growth, improve disease resistance, and control the occurrence of bayberry leaf wilt disease. Summary of the Invention

[0008] The present invention aims to provide a growth regulator and a growth regulator method for preventing and controlling bayberry wilt disease, which solves the problem that the bayberry branch and leaf wilt disease is still getting worse year by year when the existing drugs are used to prevent and control the bayberry branch and leaf wilt disease. The invention regulates the soil pH value, and the pH value of the bayberry soil can be increased from 4 to 5 to between 5.5 and 6. The invention also increases the soil organic matter content and aeration, enhances the water and fertilizer retention capacity, and promotes microbial activity.

[0009] In order to achieve the above-mentioned object, the present invention provides a growth regulator for preventing and controlling bayberry wilt disease. The growth regulator comprises the following components, measured by volume: 60 parts of fermented cow dung mixture, 20 parts of fermented pecan cattail husks, and 20 parts of calcium carbonate; wherein, 5 kilograms of compound fertilizer, 3 kilograms of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer, and 5 kilograms of potassium sulfate fertilizer are added per cubic meter; the compound fertilizer is NPK 16-6-12 compound fertilizer.

[0010] Preferably, the calcium carbonate is 200 mesh.

[0011] Preferably, the fermented cow dung mixture is obtained by the following method: collecting cow dung and subjecting it to solid-liquid separation, and evenly mixing 60 parts of solid cow dung, 20 parts of sheep dung, and 20 parts of vinegar dregs obtained by the solid-liquid separation to obtain a mixture; laying the mixture in a fermentation tank and fermenting it naturally at room temperature for 15 to 20 days; during this period, dynamically detecting the temperature of the cow dung mixture pile in the fermentation tank, and when the temperature reaches 55 to 65 degrees, turning the pile for ventilation; after 15 days of fermentation, detecting the C / N ratio and moisture content of the cow dung mixture, and when the C / N ratio reaches 35 to 50 and the moisture content reaches 40% to 60%, the fermentation is completed to obtain the fermented cow dung mixture.

[0012] Preferably, the fermented pecan and cattail husk material is fermented using the method of the invention patent "A vegetable seedling substrate material made of pecan and cattail husk and its preparation method, CN201310137342.3".

[0013] Another object of the present invention is to provide a growth conditioning method for preventing and controlling bayberry wilt disease, which comprises: using the growth conditioner to improve the bayberry growth soil environment; the bayberry growth soil environment includes: soil pH value, air permeability, organic matter content, and microorganisms.

[0014] Preferably, the method comprises: applying 100 liters of the growth regulator per adult bayberry tree, and applying the growth regulator once every two years; applying it in mid-to-late November to December when autumn shoots stop growing, digging a circular trench 30 cm away from the outer extension of the crown and with the trunk as the center, with a width of 30 cm and a depth of 10 to 15 cm, applying the growth regulator into the trench and covering it with soil.

[0015] Preferably, the method further comprises: an adult bayberry tree, wherein the crown projection diameter of the adult bayberry tree is 2.5 to 4.0 meters, and the trunk base diameter is 15 to 20 centimeters. The adult bayberry tree is fertilized twice a year, and the application time and application amount for each tree are: the first application is from mid-to-late November to December, when autumn shoot stop occurs, and 50 kilograms of decomposed sheep manure is applied; the second application is after the bayberries are harvested, in early to mid-July, with compound fertilizer NPK 12-11-18, at an application amount of 1.5 to 2.0 kilograms, and potassium sulfate fertilizer 1.0 kilogram.

[0016] Preferably, the method further comprises: pruning of mature trees, which is divided into summer pruning and winter pruning; summer pruning is performed after the bayberry is harvested to adjust the tree shape and facilitate the growth of new shoots; winter pruning is performed in early December to remove diseased and weak branches and heavy branches to shape the ideal tree shape.

[0017] Preferably, the method further comprises: fruit thinning: thinning the fruit twice a year, the first time in early to mid-May to remove diseased and insect-infested fruits, overcrowded fruits, and deformed fruits; the second time in late May to set the fruits, leaving 1 fruit on short fruit branches, 2 fruits on medium fruit branches, and 3 to 4 fruits on long fruit branches; harvesting in batches: harvesting in batches, starting when 20% of the fruits on the tree are ripe, harvesting once a day or every other day; avoiding harvesting on rainy days or when the sun clears after rain.

[0018] Preferably, the method further comprises: pest and disease control; the pests and diseases include: oyster scale, white scale, leaf roller, debt avoidance insect, termite, brown spot disease, etc.

[0019] The growth regulator and growth regulation method for preventing and controlling bayberry wilt of the present invention solve the problem that the existing bayberry branch and leaf wilt prevention and control with chemicals still has the problem of the disease becoming more severe year by year, and has the following advantages:

[0020] (1) The prevention and control focus of the present invention is on regulating the soil environment. By applying organic fertilizers and bacterial fertilizers, the soil pH value is adjusted and increased, the soil organic matter content is increased, the soil water and fertilizer retention capacity is improved, the growth activity of soil microorganisms is promoted, the air permeability is enhanced, the growth of plant roots is improved, the formation of new roots is promoted, sufficient nutrients are absorbed from the soil, the growth needs of the plant are supplied, the growth of stems and leaves is promoted, and the disease resistance of bayberry is improved, thereby achieving the prevention and control of bayberry branch and leaf wilt disease.

[0021] (2) The present invention adopts the application of bayberry growth conditioner to regulate the acidification, compaction and poor permeability of the soil, increase the organic matter content of the soil, promote microbial activity, promote the growth of the root system of bayberry plants, promote the formation of new roots, promote the growth of stems and leaves, promote the growth of new branches, improve the growth of bayberry plants, enhance the ability of bayberry to resist adversity, and improve the quality and yield of bayberry.

[0022] (3) The present invention uses a bayberry growth regulator to increase the pH value of the bayberry soil from 4 to 5 to between 5.5 and 6;

[0023] (4) The method of the present invention can promote the growth of bayberry stems and leaves, increase the growth of bayberry spring shoots and summer shoots by 12% to 16% respectively, increase the number of new green leaves by 20% to 25%, make bayberry plants grow strong, and significantly reduce the incidence of bayberry branch and leaf wilt disease.

[0024] (5) The method of the present invention can improve the yield and quality of bayberry. After applying the bayberry regulator, the yield of bayberry is increased by 6% to 10%, and the commercial large fruit rate (>25 grams, Dongkui bayberry) is increased by about 25% to 30%, greatly improving the output value. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0025] Figure 1 The present invention is a flow chart of the fermentation preparation of the cow dung mixture.

[0026] Figure 2 It is the increase rate of the number of spring shoots, summer shoots and green leaves after the application of the bayberry conditioner of the present invention.

[0027] Figure 3 It is the rate of increase in yield and number of large fruits after application of the bayberry conditioner of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0028] The following is a clear and complete description of the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the embodiments described are only some embodiments of the present invention, not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making any creative efforts are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0029] Note: If the specific conditions are not specified in the examples, the experiments were carried out according to conventional conditions or those recommended by the manufacturer. The reagents or instruments used, if the manufacturer is not specified, are all commercially available conventional products.

[0030] Throughout this disclosure, all features, such as values, amounts, amounts, and concentrations, specified in numerical ranges or percentage ranges are provided for simplicity and convenience only. Accordingly, the description of numerical ranges or percentage ranges should be considered to encompass and specifically disclose all possible subranges and individual values ​​within those ranges (including integers and fractions).

[0031] The features described in this disclosure may be combined in any manner, and as long as there are no conflicts between the combinations of these features, all possible combinations should be considered within the scope of this specification. Each feature disclosed in this specification may be replaced by any alternative feature that provides the same, equivalent, or similar purpose. Therefore, unless otherwise specified, the features disclosed are merely general examples of equivalent or similar features.

[0032] Example 1

[0033] A growth conditioning method for preventing and controlling bayberry wilt disease, wherein the growth conditioner used in the method is prepared by the following components (in parts by volume):

[0034] 60 parts of fermented cow dung, 20 parts of fermented pecan and cattail shells, and 20 parts of calcium carbonate. Among them, add 5 kg of compound fertilizer (NPK content percentage, 16-6-12), 3 kg of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer, and 5 kg of potassium sulfate fertilizer per cubic meter.

[0035] Fermented cow dung mixture was prepared as Figure 1The collected cow dung is subjected to solid-liquid separation. 60 parts of solid cow dung, 20 parts of sheep dung, and 20 parts of vinegar dregs are mixed evenly to obtain a mixture. The mixture is then placed in a fermentation tank and allowed to ferment naturally at room temperature for 15-20 days. During this period, the temperature of the cow dung mixture pile in the fermentation tank is dynamically monitored. When the temperature reaches between 55 and 65 degrees Celsius, the pile is turned and aerated. After 15 days of fermentation, the C / N ratio and moisture content of the cow dung mixture are measured. Fermentation is complete when the C / N ratio reaches between 35 and 50 and the moisture content reaches between 40% and 60%, resulting in a fermented cow dung mixture.

[0036] Preparation of fermented walnut husks Figure 2 , fermented using the method of invention patent CN201310137342.3 "A vegetable seedling matrix material made of pecan cattail shell and its preparation method".

[0037] The production of growth conditioners adopts modern substrate production lines, and standard conditioner products are produced through proportional feeding, mixing, screening and packaging.

[0038] The growth regulator and growth regulation method for preventing and controlling bayberry wilt disease of this embodiment specifically include:

[0039] (1) Fertilization and watering

[0040] Mature bayberry trees should be fertilized twice a year. The first application is from mid-to-late November to December, when autumn shoots begin to fall, with 50 kg of decomposed organic fertilizer and 1 kg of potassium sulfate. The second application is in early to mid-July, after the bayberries are harvested, with 1.5 to 2 kg of compound fertilizer (NPK, 12:11:18). In case of drought, water appropriately.

[0041] (2) Application of conditioning agents

[0042] For mature bayberry trees, apply 100 liters of growth regulator per tree, once every two years. In November or December, dig a 30 cm wide and 10-15 cm deep trench centered on the trunk, 30 cm from the crown projection of the tree. Apply the growth regulator into the trench and cover it with soil.

[0043] (3) Shaping, pruning, and growth regulation

[0044] Pruning mature trees primarily cultivates a productive colony structure. Shaping pruning is divided into summer and winter pruning. Summer pruning occurs after the bayberry harvest to adjust the tree's shape and encourage new shoots. Winter pruning occurs in early December to remove diseased, weak, and overgrown branches to create the ideal tree shape.

[0045] (4) Fruit thinning

[0046] Fruit thinning is done twice a year. The first thinning is done in early to mid-May to remove diseased, insect-infested, overcrowded, and deformed fruits. The second thinning is done in late May to determine the fruit. Depending on the variety, tree vigor, and fruiting conditions, generally one fruit is left on short fruit branches, two on medium fruit branches, and three to four on long fruit branches.

[0047] (5) Pest and disease control

[0048] The main pests and diseases that are controlled include: oyster scale, white scale, leaf roller, debt avoidance insect, termite, brown spot disease, cancer disease, etc.

[0049] (6) Harvest in batches at the right time

[0050] Harvest in batches. Start picking when 20% of the fruit on the tree is ripe. Generally, harvest once a day or every other day. Avoid harvesting on rainy days or when the sun clears after rain.

[0051] After the implementation of the present invention, bayberry trees with similar site conditions were selected, and the treatment with the conditioner was compared with the control without the conditioner in the second year. The pH value was measured at 5 points (5 bayberry trees), and the pH value of the bayberry soil increased from 4.3 to 5.8 (Table 1). The treatment with the conditioner was compared with the control without the conditioner. 5 bayberry trees were selected for each treatment, and 5 branches were selected for each tree (fixed plant and branch). The growth of the bayberry spring shoots and summer shoots increased by 12.3% and 15.5% respectively, and the number of new green leaves increased by 22.3% (see Figure 2 ), the bayberry plants grew strong, and the incidence of bayberry leaf wilt disease decreased significantly. Bayberry yield and commercial large fruit rate (>25 grams, Dongkui bayberry) were compared in the third year after the application of the conditioner. The bayberry yield increased by 7.8% and the commercial large fruit rate increased by 25.6% (see Figure 3 ), significantly increasing output value.

[0052] Table 1 shows the pH values ​​of soils treated with the waxberry conditioner of the present invention and compared with those of the control soils.

[0053]

[0054] Although the present invention has been described in detail through the above preferred embodiments, it should be understood that the above description is not intended to limit the present invention. After reading the above description, various modifications and substitutions of the present invention will become apparent to those skilled in the art. Therefore, the scope of protection of the present invention should be defined by the appended claims.

Claims

1. A growth regulator for preventing and controlling bayberry wilt disease, characterized in that: The growth regulator comprises the following components by volume: 60 parts of fermented cow dung mixture, 20 parts of fermented hickory husk, and 20 parts of calcium carbonate; among them, 5 kg of compound fertilizer, 3 kg of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer, and 5 kg of potassium sulfate fertilizer are added per cubic meter; The compound fertilizer is NPK 16-6-12 compound fertilizer.

2. The growth regulator according to claim 1, characterized in that The calcium carbonate is selected to be 200 mesh.

3. The growth regulator according to claim 1, characterized in that The fermented cow dung mixture is obtained by the following method: The collected cow dung is subjected to solid-liquid separation, and 60 parts of solid cow dung, 20 parts of sheep dung and 20 parts of vinegar residue are mixed evenly to obtain a mixture; The mixture is spread in a fermentation tank and fermented naturally at room temperature for 15 to 20 days; during this period, the temperature of the cow dung mixture pile in the fermentation tank is dynamically detected, and when the temperature reaches 55 to 65 degrees, the pile is turned and ventilated; after 15 days of fermentation, the C / N ratio and moisture content of the cow dung mixture are detected, and when the C / N ratio reaches 35 to 50 and the moisture content reaches 40% to 60%, the fermentation is completed to obtain a fermented cow dung mixture.

4. A growth conditioning method for preventing and controlling bayberry wilt disease, characterized in that: The method comprises: using the growth regulator as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 3 to improve the soil environment for the growth of bayberry; The soil environment for the growth of bayberry includes: pH value, air permeability, organic matter content and microorganisms of the soil.

5. The growth conditioning method according to claim 4, characterized in that The method includes: According to the mature bayberry trees, 100 liters of the growth regulator according to any one of claims 1 to 3 are applied to each tree, and the growth regulator is applied once every 2 years; Apply it in mid-to-late November to December when autumn shoot stoppage occurs. Dig a circular trench 30 cm wide and 10 to 15 cm deep with the trunk as the center, 30 cm inside the extension of the crown. Apply the growth regulator into the trench and cover it with soil.

6. The growth regulation method according to claim 5, characterized in that The method also includes: Adult bayberry trees, the vertical projection diameter of the crown of the adult bayberry tree is 2.5 to 4.0 meters, the diameter of the trunk base is 15 to 20 centimeters, and the fertilization method of the adult bayberry tree is topdressing twice a year. The application time and amount for each tree are: The first time is from mid-to-late November to December, when autumn shoots stop, using 40-60 kg of decomposed sheep manure; The second time is after the bayberry is harvested, in early to mid-July, with compound fertilizer NPK 12-11-18, applied at a rate of 1.5 to 2.0 kg, and 1.0 kg of potassium sulfate fertilizer.

7. The growth regulation method according to claim 5, characterized in that The method also includes: Pruning of mature trees is divided into summer pruning and winter pruning; Summer pruning is done after the bayberry is harvested to adjust the tree shape and facilitate the growth of new shoots. Winter pruning is done in early December to remove diseased and weak branches and heavy branches to shape the tree into an ideal shape.

8. The growth conditioning method according to claim 5, characterized in that The method also includes: Fruit thinning: Fruit thinning is done twice a year. The first time is in early to mid-May to remove diseased and insect-infested fruits, overcrowded fruits, and deformed fruits. The second time is in late May to set the fruits, leaving 1 fruit on short fruit branches, 2 fruits on medium fruit branches, and 3 to 4 fruits on long fruit branches. Harvesting in batches: Harvest in batches. Start picking when 20% of the fruits on the tree are ripe, and harvest once a day or every other day. Avoid harvesting on rainy days or when the sun clears up after rain.

9. The growth regulating method according to any one of claims 4 to 8, characterized in that: The method also includes: Pest and disease control; the pests and diseases include: oyster scale, white scale, leaf roller, debt avoidance insect, termite, and brown spot disease.

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