A high-energy liquid fuel suitable for high-altitude environments and a preparation method thereof

Abstract

The present invention provides a high-energy liquid fuel suitable for use in high-altitude environments and a preparation method thereof, comprising the following components: 15-55wt% chain ether; 5-75wt% alkylene oxide; 10-40wt% organoaluminum compound. In the present invention, the organoaluminum compound can be well dissolved in the chain ether and the alkylene oxide, and can effectively improve the shelf life. It can be stored for a long time under air-tight conditions without sedimentation, aggregation or deterioration, and has good storage stability. Moreover, the organoaluminum compound has a lower detonation energy and a higher combustion energy, thereby ensuring the detonation temperature of the high-energy liquid fuel. Therefore, the high-energy liquid fuel provided by the present invention has a good balance between stability and combustion performance, can improve the combustion rate of the high-energy liquid fuel in plain areas, and better play the energy of the high-energy liquid fuel; can enhance the detonation effect in a high-altitude oxygen-deficient environment in high-altitude areas, and improve the detonation performance of the high-energy liquid fuel.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of fuel technology, and in particular to a high-energy liquid fuel suitable for high-altitude environments and a preparation method thereof. Background Art

[0002] High-energy liquid fuel is a promising liquid fuel with a detonation energy significantly higher than that released by an equivalent mass of explosives. This process is primarily achieved by dispersing the fuel into the air, where the fuel droplets atomize and mix thoroughly with the air to form a cloud. A secondary fuze is then used to initiate a powerful detonation, causing the cloud containing the fuel droplets to detonate, damaging the target with high temperature, high pressure, and a strong shock wave. The shock waves are reflected and superimposed between walls, resulting in overpressure levels far greater than those in open space. However, in plateau regions, insufficient oxygen significantly limits the explosive power of high-energy liquid fuel at high altitudes. To increase the detonation temperature of high-energy liquid fuel and enhance its lethality against soft targets, existing techniques typically incorporate aluminum powder into the fuel to raise the detonation temperature. However, this aluminum powder settles during storage, significantly impacting the stability of high-energy liquid weapons during storage and use. Furthermore, the oxygen-deficient environment in plateau regions results in incomplete combustion of the high-energy liquid fuel, further compromising its detonation effectiveness at high altitudes. Summary of the Invention

[0003] In view of this, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a high-energy liquid fuel suitable for high-altitude environments and a preparation method thereof. The high-energy liquid fuel provided by the present invention has excellent stability and combustion performance. In plain areas, it can increase the combustion rate of high-energy liquid fuel and better exert the energy of high-energy liquid fuel; in plateau areas, it can enhance the detonation effect in high-altitude oxygen-deficient environments and improve the combustion performance of high-energy liquid fuel.

[0004] The present invention provides a high-energy liquid fuel suitable for use in high-altitude environments, which does not contain a secondary detonator and includes the following components in percentage:

[0005] 15-55wt% chain ether;

[0006] 5-75 wt% alkylene oxide;

[0007] 10-40 wt% organoaluminum compound.

[0008] Preferably, the organoaluminum compound includes one or more of trimethylaluminum, triethylaluminum, triisopropylaluminum, diisopropylaluminum hydride, diisobutylaluminum hydride and tris(dimethylamino)aluminum dimer.

[0009] Preferably, the organoaluminum compound is triethylaluminum.

[0010] Preferably, the chain ether includes one or more of ethyl methyl ether, ethyl ether, isopropyl ether, isobutyl ether, methyl tert-butyl ether, anisole, 2-methoxyfuran, 3-methoxyfuran, 2,3-dimethoxyfuran, 2-methoxytetrahydrofuran, 3-methoxytetrahydrofuran, 2,3-dimethoxytetrahydrofuran and polymethoxydialkyl ether.

[0011] Preferably, the chain ether includes ethyl ether, isopropyl ether or polymethoxydialkyl ether.

[0012] Preferably, the polymethoxy dialkyl ether has a methoxy polymerization degree of 1-20.

[0013] Preferably, the alkyl group in the polymethoxydialkyl ether is one or two of a saturated normal alkane having 1 to 16 carbon atoms, an isoalkane having 3 to 16 carbon atoms, and an aromatic substituted alkyl group.

[0014] Preferably, the alkylene oxide includes one or more of ethylene oxide, methylethylene oxide, dimethylpropylene oxide, propylene oxide, 2-methylpropylene oxide, 3-methylpropylene oxide, 2,3-dimethylpropylene oxide and butylene oxide.

[0015] The present invention provides a method for preparing high-energy liquid fuel suitable for use in high-altitude environments as described in the above technical solution, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:

[0016] Mixing the chain ether and the alkylene oxide in a dry environment to obtain a premixed liquid;

[0017] The premixed liquid is mixed with an organic aluminum compound in a protective atmosphere to obtain the high-energy liquid fuel suitable for high-altitude environments.

[0018] Preferably, the protective atmosphere is nitrogen.

[0019] The present invention provides a high-energy liquid fuel suitable for use in high-altitude environments. The fuel contains no secondary detonator and comprises the following components in percentages: 15-55 wt% of a chain ether; 5-75 wt% of an alkylene oxide; and 10-40 wt% of an organoaluminum compound. This self-detonating high-energy liquid fuel is suitable for use in high-altitude oxygen-deficient environments and balances stability and detonation performance. The organoaluminum compound is used as a high-energy additive to provide a detonation temperature. Compared with aluminum powder that is insoluble in hydrocarbon solvents, the organoaluminum compound exhibits efficient solubility in the main fuel and is a transparent liquid that is soluble in hydrocarbon solvents. It has a long shelf life in the liquid system formed by the main fuel chain ether and the oxygen-containing fuel alkylene oxide. It can be stored for a long time under air-tight conditions without sedimentation, aggregation or deterioration, and has good storage stability. In addition, the organoaluminum compound has a low detonation energy and a high combustion energy. The combustion heat of the organoaluminum compound is greater than 40MJ / kg, which is higher than the 29.7MJ / kg of ethylene oxide and the 32.5MJ / kg of propylene oxide, ensuring the detonation temperature of the high-energy liquid fuel and ultimately achieving a good balance between the bombardment energy and storage stability. Moreover, the detonation method of the liquid high-energy liquid fuel provided by the present application is a single detonation. After the fuel monomer breaks and produces a cloud, the organoaluminum compound component can quickly and naturally detonate in the air without catalysis or physical induction, acting as a self-detonating fuel.

[0020] Moreover, the present invention uses liquid chain ethers and alkylene oxides as oxygen-containing fuels, which not only ensures the oxygen content of the high-energy liquid fuel and enhances the bombardment effect in an oxygen-deficient environment, but also reduces the sedimentation or coagulation of ultrafine powder in the organic fuel, further improving the stability of the fuel.

[0021] In summary, the high-energy liquid fuel provided by the present invention can increase the combustion and explosion rate in plain areas and better exert the energy of high-energy liquid fuel; in plateau areas, it can enhance the detonation effect in high-altitude oxygen-deficient environments and improve the combustion and explosion performance of high-energy liquid fuel. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0022] Figure 1 This is the test result of stability experiment 1 at 50℃ for 48 hours;

[0023] Figure 2 This is the test result of stability experiment 1 at a constant temperature of -40℃ for 48 hours;

[0024] Figure 3 This is the test result of the stability experiment 1 with constant temperature oscillation at 70℃ for 2 hours;

[0025] Figure 4 This is the test result of the stability test 1 with constant temperature oscillation at -55℃ for 2 hours;

[0026] Figure 5 This is the test result of stability experiment 2 at a constant temperature of 50℃ for 48 hours;

[0027] Figure 6 This is the test result of stability experiment 2 at a constant temperature of -40℃ for 48 hours;

[0028] Figure 7 This is the test result of the stability experiment 2 with constant temperature oscillation at 70℃ for 2 hours;

[0029] Figure 8 This is the test result of the stability experiment 2 with constant temperature oscillation at -55℃ for 2 hours. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0030] The present invention provides a high-energy liquid fuel suitable for use in high-altitude environments, which does not contain a secondary detonator and includes the following components in percentage:

[0031] 15-55wt% chain ether;

[0032] 5-75 wt% alkylene oxide;

[0033] 10-40 wt% organoaluminum compound.

[0034] The high-energy liquid fuel suitable for use in high-altitude environments provided by the present invention comprises an organoaluminum compound having a percentage content of 10-40wt%, which can be specifically 10, 13, 15, 20, 22, 25, 30, 35, 37 or 40wt% in embodiments of the present invention. In the present invention, the organoaluminum compound preferably comprises one or more of trimethylaluminum, triethylaluminum, triisopropylaluminum, diisopropylaluminum hydride, diisobutylaluminum hydride and tris(dimethylamino)aluminum dimer, preferably triethylaluminum. In the present invention, the heat of combustion of the trimethylaluminum is 44.0MJ / kg, the heat of combustion of triethylaluminum is 42.7MJ / kg, the heat of combustion of tripropylaluminum is 45.5MJ / kg, the heat of combustion of diisobutylaluminum hydride is 45.1MJ / kg, and the heat of combustion of tris(dimethylamino)aluminum dimer is 41.9MJ / kg.

[0035] In the present invention, the organoaluminum compound can spontaneously combust in the air, so the liquid high-energy liquid fuel provided by the present invention does not require the addition of a secondary detonator.

[0036] The high-energy liquid fuel suitable for use in high-altitude environments provided by the present invention comprises a chain ether content of 15-55 wt %, which may specifically be 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40, 45, 50 or 55 wt % in embodiments of the present invention. In the present invention, the chain ether comprises one or more of ethyl methyl ether, ethyl ether, isopropyl ether, isobutyl ether, methyl tert-butyl ether, anisole, 2-methoxyfuran, 3-methoxyfuran, 2,3-dimethoxyfuran, 2-methoxytetrahydrofuran, 3-methoxytetrahydrofuran, 2,3-dimethoxytetrahydrofuran and polymethoxydialkyl ether, preferably comprising ethyl ether, isopropyl ether or polymethoxydialkyl ether.

[0037] In the present invention, the methoxyl degree of polymerization of the polymethoxy dialkyl ether is preferably 1-20, and may specifically be 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19 or 20; when the methoxyl degree is 1, the polymethoxy dialkyl ether is a monomethoxy dialkyl ether, when the methoxyl degree of polymerization is 2, the polymethoxy dialkyl ether is a dimerized methoxy dialkyl ether, and when the methoxyl degree of polymerization is greater than 2, the polymethoxy dialkyl ether is a polymethoxy dialkyl ether. In the present invention, the alkyl group in the polymethoxydialkyl ether is preferably a saturated normal alkane with 1 to 16 carbon atoms (such as methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl, pentyl, hexyl, heptyl, octyl, nonyl, decyl, undecyl, dodecyl), an isomeric alkane with 3 to 16 carbon atoms (such as isopropyl, 2-methylpropyl, tert-butyl, 2,3-dimethylbutyl, 2-ethylhexyl, 2-isopropylhexyl, 2,3,3,4-tetramethylheptyl), one or two of an aromatic substituted alkyl group, preferably methyl, ethyl, 2-methylphenyl, 4-methylphenyl, 4-isopropylphenyl, 4-tert-butylphenyl. In the present invention, the chain ether can be a pure substance of the above-mentioned polymethoxydialkyl ether or a mixture of multiple polymethoxydialkyl ethers. In an embodiment of the present invention, the chain ether can be specifically monopolymethoxydimethyl ether, dimerized polymethoxydimethyl ether or dimerized polymethoxydi(2-methylpropyl)ether.

[0038] The high-energy liquid fuel suitable for use in high-altitude environments provided by the present invention comprises 5-75 wt% of an alkylene oxide, which in embodiments of the present invention may be specifically 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40, 45, 50, 55, 60, 65, 70, or 75 wt%. In the present invention, the alkylene oxide preferably comprises one or more of ethylene oxide, methylethylene oxide, dimethylpropylene oxide, propylene oxide, 2-methylpropylene oxide, 3-methylpropylene oxide, 2,3-dimethylpropylene oxide, and butylene oxide; and in embodiments of the present invention, the alkylene oxide may be specifically ethylene oxide, methylethylene oxide, dimethylpropylene oxide, or propylene oxide.

[0039] In the present invention, when the chain ether is a polymethoxydialkyl ether, the high-energy liquid fuel suitable for use in high-altitude environments provided by the present invention preferably includes the following components in percentage:

[0040] 15-25 wt% polymethoxydialkyl ether;

[0041] 35-70 wt% alkylene oxide;

[0042] 10-40 wt% organoaluminum compound.

[0043] In an embodiment of the present invention, the percentage of the polymethoxydialkyl ether in the high-energy liquid fuel suitable for use in a high-altitude environment may be specifically 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24 or 25 wt %;

[0044] In an embodiment of the present invention, the percentage of the alkylene oxide in the high-energy liquid fuel suitable for high-altitude environments may be specifically 35, 40, 45, 50, 55, 60, 65 or 70 wt %;

[0045] In an embodiment of the present invention, the content of the organoaluminum compound in the high-energy liquid fuel suitable for use in high-altitude environments may specifically be 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35 or 40 wt %.

[0046] In the present invention, the chain ether and alkylene oxide can provide part of the oxygen required for combustion, and the organoaluminum compound mainly provides high-energy combustion heat.

[0047] The present invention provides a method for preparing high-energy liquid fuel suitable for use in high-altitude environments as described in the above technical solution, comprising the following steps:

[0048] Mixing the chain ether and the alkylene oxide in a dry environment to obtain a premixed liquid;

[0049] The premixed liquid is mixed with an organic aluminum compound in a protective atmosphere to obtain the high-energy liquid fuel suitable for high-altitude environments.

[0050] The present invention mixes the chain ether and the alkylene oxide in a dry environment to obtain a premixed liquid. The present invention has no particular limitation on the dry environment, and moisture in the environment can be removed by drying or other methods.

[0051] After obtaining the premixed liquid, the present invention mixes the premixed liquid with an organoaluminum compound in a protective atmosphere to obtain the high-energy liquid fuel suitable for high-altitude environments. In the present invention, the protective atmosphere is preferably nitrogen to isolate oxygen.

[0052] In an embodiment of the present invention, the preparation method may be specifically as follows: adding chain ether and alkylene oxide into a dried quartz bottle, adding an organoaluminum compound under nitrogen protection to obtain a high-energy liquid fuel suitable for high-altitude environments, and sealing the quartz bottle.

[0053] The embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below.

[0054] It should be noted that, in the absence of conflict, the following embodiments and features in the embodiments may be combined with each other; and, based on the embodiments in this disclosure, all other embodiments obtained by persons of ordinary skill in the art without creative work are within the scope of protection of this disclosure.

[0055] It should be noted that various aspects of the embodiments within the scope of the appended claims are described below. It should be apparent that the aspects described herein can be embodied in a wide variety of forms, and any specific structure and / or function described herein is merely illustrative. Based on this disclosure, it should be understood by those skilled in the art that an aspect described herein can be implemented independently of any other aspect, and two or more of these aspects can be combined in various ways. For example, any number of aspects described herein can be used to implement an apparatus and / or practice a method. In addition, other structures and / or functionalities other than one or more of the aspects described herein can be used to implement this apparatus and / or practice this method.

[0056] The preparation method of the high-energy liquid fuel in the embodiment is as follows: adding a chain ether and ethylene oxide into a dried quartz bottle, adding an organoaluminum compound under nitrogen protection, and sealing the quartz bottle.

[0057] Examples 1-4

[0058] Diethyl ether and ethylene oxide were mixed in a dry environment according to the composition in Table 1 to obtain a premixed liquid; the obtained premixed liquid was mixed with triethylaluminum in a protective atmosphere to obtain a high-energy liquid fuel.

[0059] Examples 5-7

[0060] According to the composition in Table 2, isopropyl ether and methyl oxirane were mixed in a dry environment to obtain a premixed liquid; the obtained premixed liquid was mixed with triethylaluminum in a protective atmosphere to obtain a high-energy liquid fuel.

[0061] Examples 8-10

[0062] According to the composition in Table 3, polyoxymethylene dimethyl ether and ethylene oxide were mixed in a dry environment to obtain a premixed liquid; the obtained premixed liquid was mixed with triethylaluminum in a protective atmosphere to obtain a high-energy liquid fuel.

[0063] Examples 11-17

[0064] According to the composition in Table 4, the chain ether and the alkylene oxide were mixed in a dry environment to obtain a premixed liquid; the obtained premixed liquid was mixed with triethylaluminum in a protective atmosphere to obtain a high-energy liquid fuel.

[0065] Performance Testing

[0066] 1. Stability test 1

[0067] 30.0 g (30 wt%) of ether and 40.0 g (40 wt%) of ethylene oxide were added to 500 ml of dried aluminum, and 30 g (30 wt%) of triethylaluminum was added under nitrogen protection. The aluminum bottle was sealed with a light-transmitting quartz glass stopper.

[0068] Three bottles of mixed solution were prepared in parallel according to the above scheme. The three bottles of mixed solution were placed in a 50°C constant temperature box for 48 hours to observe whether they were turbid, sedimented, sticky or stratified.

[0069] Three bottles of mixed solution were prepared in parallel according to the above scheme. The three bottles of mixed solution were placed in a -40°C thermostat for 48 hours and observed to see if there was turbidity, sedimentation, stickiness or stratification.

[0070] Prepare three bottles of mixed solution in parallel according to the above scheme. Place the three bottles of mixed solution at a constant temperature of 70°C and shake on a shaker for 2 hours to observe whether there is turbidity, sedimentation, stickiness or stratification.

[0071] Prepare three bottles of mixed solution in parallel according to the above scheme. Place the three bottles of mixed solution at a constant temperature of -55°C and shake on a shaker for 2 hours to observe whether they are turbid, sedimented, sticky or stratified.

[0072] 2. Stability test 2

[0073] 30.0 g (30 wt%) of isopropyl ether and 40.0 g (40 wt%) of methyl oxirane were added to a 500 ml dried quartz bottle, 30 g (30 wt%) of triethylaluminum was added under nitrogen protection, and the quartz bottle was sealed.

[0074] Three bottles of mixed solution were prepared in parallel according to the above scheme. The three bottles of mixed solution were placed in a 50°C constant temperature box for 48 hours to observe whether they were turbid, sedimented, sticky or stratified.

[0075] Three bottles of mixed solution were prepared in parallel according to the above scheme. The three bottles of mixed solution were placed in a -40°C thermostat for 48 hours and observed to see if there was turbidity, sedimentation, stickiness or stratification.

[0076] Prepare three bottles of mixed solution in parallel according to the above scheme. Place the three bottles of mixed solution at a constant temperature of 70°C and shake on a shaker for 2 hours to observe whether there is turbidity, sedimentation, stickiness or stratification.

[0077] Prepare three bottles of mixed solution in parallel according to the above scheme. Place the three bottles of mixed solution at a constant temperature of -55°C and shake on a shaker for 2 hours to observe whether they are turbid, sedimented, sticky or stratified.

[0078] 3. Stability test 3

[0079] 20.0 g (20 wt%) of polymethoxyalkyl ether and 60.0 g (60 wt%) of ethylene oxide were added to a 500 ml dried quartz bottle, 20 g (20 wt%) of triethylaluminum was added under nitrogen protection, and the quartz bottle was sealed.

[0080] Three bottles of mixed solution were prepared in parallel according to the above scheme. The three bottles of mixed solution were placed in a 50°C constant temperature box for 48 hours to observe whether they were turbid, sedimented, sticky or stratified.

[0081] Three bottles of mixed solution were prepared in parallel according to the above scheme. The three bottles of mixed solution were placed in a -40°C thermostat for 48 hours and observed to see if there was turbidity, sedimentation, stickiness or stratification.

[0082] Prepare three bottles of mixed solution in parallel according to the above scheme. Place the three bottles of mixed solution at a constant temperature of 70°C and shake on a shaker for 2 hours to observe whether there is turbidity, sedimentation, stickiness or stratification.

[0083] Prepare three bottles of mixed solution in parallel according to the above scheme. Place the three bottles of mixed solution at a constant temperature of -55°C and shake on a shaker for 2 hours to observe whether they are turbid, sedimented, sticky or stratified.

[0084] In order to facilitate observation, the fuel sample in the stability test 2 was moved from the glove box to the sample bottle and photographed. The results of the stability test are shown in the figure below. Figure 1-8 As shown, the experiment confirmed that the mixed fuel did not show turbidity, sedimentation, stickiness or stratification at low temperature, high temperature and vibration, showing good stability.

[0085] 4. Combustion properties experiment

[0086] The high-energy liquid fuels obtained in Examples 1-17 were tested using the GJB5212-2004 test procedure. The results are shown in Tables 1-4.

[0087] Table 1. Composition and performance test results of fuels of Examples 1-4 of the present invention

[0088]

[0089] Table 2. Composition and performance test results of fuels of Examples 5-7

[0090]

[0091] Table 3. Composition and performance test results of fuels of Examples 8-10

[0092]

[0093]

[0094] Table 4. Composition and combustion properties of fuels for Examples 11-17

[0095]

[0096] It can be seen from Tables 1-4 that the combination of chain ether + alkylene oxide + organoaluminum compound exhibits better volumetric combustion heat and better stability, achieving a good balance between combustion heat and stability.

[0097] The above description is merely a specific embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any changes or substitutions that can be easily conceived by a person skilled in the art within the technical scope disclosed in the present invention should be included in the scope of protection of the present invention. Therefore, the scope of protection of the present invention should be based on the scope of protection of the claims.

Claims

1. A self-detonating cloud-explosion fuel suitable for plateaus, characterized in that: It does not contain secondary detonator and is composed of the following components in the following percentages: 15-55wt% chain ether; 5-75wt% alkylene oxide; 10-40wt% organoaluminum compound; The chain ether is ethyl ether, isopropyl ether or polymethoxydialkyl ether, and the methoxyl degree of polymerization of the polymethoxydialkyl ether is 1; The organoaluminum compound includes one or more of trimethylaluminum, triethylaluminum, triisopropylaluminum, diisopropylaluminum hydride, diisobutylaluminum hydride and tris(dimethylamino)aluminum dimer; The alkyl group in the polymethoxydialkyl ether is one or two of a saturated normal alkane having 1 to 16 carbon atoms, an isoalkane having 3 to 16 carbon atoms, or an aromatic substituted alkyl group; The alkylene oxide includes one or more of ethylene oxide, methylethylene oxide, dimethylpropylene oxide, propylene oxide, 2-methylpropylene oxide, 3-methylpropylene oxide and butylene oxide.

2. The self-detonating cloud-explosion fuel suitable for plateaus according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The dimethylpropylene oxide is 2,3-dimethylpropylene oxide.

3. The self-detonating cloud-explosion fuel suitable for plateaus according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The organic aluminum compound is triethylaluminum.

4. The method for preparing the self-detonating cloud-explosive fuel suitable for plateau use according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Mixing the chain ether and the alkylene oxide in a dry environment to obtain a premixed liquid; The premixed liquid is mixed with an organic aluminum compound in a protective atmosphere to obtain the self-detonating cloud-explosion fuel suitable for plateaus.

5. The preparation method according to claim 4, characterized in that The protective atmosphere is nitrogen.

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