Modular mining method

Abstract

The invention discloses a modular mining method, which belongs to the technical field of mining, and comprises the following steps: S1, arranging ore blocks or strip ore bodies according to the length and width size of the ore body plane; s2, room bottom columns, room columns, room top columns, room inlets and room outlets are reserved; s3, digging and cutting an uphill and a cutting gate, and dividing the ore blocks into regular rectangular chambers; s4, a plurality of module strip ore bodies are divided in the transverse direction and the longitudinal direction, numbering is conducted according to the respective numbering systems, and then a plurality of module ore bodies and the numbers of the module ore bodies are determined through number combination; s5, during mining, a room-and-pillar method, a filling method or an open-stope method is flexibly switched for mining; s6, the mined ore body is transported outwards to the earth surface through cooperation of the room shoveling and loading equipment and the transportation equipment; according to the method, the room-and-pillar method, the filling method and the open-stope method are flexibly converted according to the stability of the roof pillars, new mining equipment or equipment is not required while the stability of the roof pillars of the mine is flexibly adapted, and too many new requirements on the technical skills of operators are not needed.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of mining, and in particular relates to a modular mining method. Background Art

[0002] When mining gently inclined thin ore bodies in underground mines, traditionally only one mining method is designed for a mine or an ore body. However, during the mining process, the stability of the roof and floor of the ore body is bound to be different. It is difficult for a fixed mining method to be applicable to the mining of all ore blocks and ore rooms.

[0003] In order to solve the above problems, a variety of mining methods are currently designed based on the changes in the stability of the roof and floor of the ore body during the mining process. Although the current various mining methods can adapt to the situation where the stability of the roof and floor of the ore body changes significantly, the changes in mining methods require new rock drilling and blasting parameters and new equipment, which puts forward new requirements on the economic strength of the enterprise and the technical experience of the operators, which not only reduces the mining efficiency, but also reduces the economic benefits of the enterprise.

[0004] In view of this, a modular mining method is designed to solve the above problems. Summary of the invention

[0005] To solve the problems raised in the above background technology, the present invention provides a modular mining method, which has the characteristics of being able to flexibly adapt to the stability of the roof pillars of the mine room, without requiring new mining equipment or equipment, and without too many new requirements on the technical skills of the operators.

[0006] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solution: a modular mining method, comprising the following steps:

[0007] S1: Arrange the ore blocks along the strike or vertical strike of the ore body. The length and width of a single ore block are 100-150m. When the length and width of the ore body plane are both large, use the transport level tunnel to divide the ore body into strip ore bodies. The width of the strip ore body is 100-150m.

[0008] S2: Leave bottom pillars, room pillars and top pillars around the ore block. The width of the bottom pillars, room pillars and top pillars is 5-8m. Leave an entrance on the bottom pillar and an exit on the top pillar. The height between the entrance and exit is the thickness of the ore body and the width is 4-5m.

[0009] S3: Mining equipment is imported from the mine room. Two cutting uphill and two cutting horizontal tunnels are excavated around the ore block along the bottom pillar, inner pillar and top pillar of the mine room. The width of the cutting uphill and cutting horizontal tunnels is 4-5m, which divides most of the ore body in the middle of the ore block into regular rectangular mine rooms.

[0010] S4: Divide the rectangular mine room into several modular strip ore bodies along the horizontal and vertical directions, the width of the modular strip ore body is 4-5m, and the height is the thickness of the ore body. Number the several modular strip ore bodies according to their own numbering system, and determine several modular ore bodies and their numbers through the number combination of several modular strip ore bodies;

[0011] S5: During mining, the stability of the roof pillar of the mine room is predicted. If the stability is good, the modular strip ore body is mined in a one-by-one mining manner, and some modular ore bodies are left as regular point pillars. This is the room-pillar method. If the stability is poor, the modular strip ore body is mined in a one-by-one mining manner. After mining, the mined modular strip ore body is filled. After the filling body solidifies, the remaining modular strip ore body is mined. This is the filling method. The stability of the roof pillar of the mine room after the above mining is predicted. If the stability is good, one modular ore body is left as a point pillar for every three modular strip ore bodies for mining. If the stability is poor, four modular ore bodies are left as a point pillar for every three modular strip ore bodies for mining. If there are particularly obvious fault cracks in the roof pillar of the mine room, several modular ore bodies can be left as point pillars for mining according to the direction of the faults and cracks. This is the open field method;

[0012] S6: The mined ore body is loaded by the mine room shovel equipment through the mine room entrance and transported to the surface by transportation equipment.

[0013] Furthermore, in step S5, when the modular strip ore body or modular ore body is mined, forward horizontal hole drilling blasting is adopted, and a circle of rectangular blastholes are arranged around the cross-section of the modular strip ore body or modular ore body to be mined as peripheral eye blastholes, the distance between adjacent peripheral eye blastholes is 0.4m, the blasthole density coefficient is about 0.8, and when charging, the dense hole single hole is charged with less charge. When blasting mining, the peripheral eye blastholes are blasted first to form cracks with other modular strip ore bodies or modular ore bodies, mine room bottom pillars and mine room top pillars, so as to avoid damage to the surrounding modular strip ore bodies or modular ore bodies, mine room bottom pillars and mine room top pillars during blasting.

[0014] Furthermore, in step S6, a centralized loading point is arranged next to the mine entrance. The centralized loading point has a width of 3-4m and is lower than the bottom pillar of the mine room when it slopes down inward. At the same time, a ore unloading platform 0.5-1m higher than the bottom pillar of the mine room is arranged near the centralized loading point in the cutting level tunnel. The length of the ore unloading platform is 4-5m and the width is 3-4m. At the same time, an up ramp is arranged on one side of the ore unloading platform. When the mine room shoveling equipment and transportation equipment transfer the mined ore body, the mine room shoveling equipment shovels the mined ore body to the up ramp, and the up ramp transports the mined ore body to the ore unloading platform, which then falls from the ore unloading platform to the centralized loading point. The transportation equipment loads ore from the centralized loading point and transports the mined ore body out without entering the mine room, so as to reduce the equipment scheduling pressure of the narrow mine room passage.

[0015] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0016] 1. The present invention can flexibly switch between the room-and-pillar method, the backfill method and the open-field method according to the stability of the mine room roof pillar. While flexibly adapting to the stability of the mine room roof pillar, it does not require new mining equipment or equipment, and does not have too many new requirements on the technical skills of the operators, which can improve mining efficiency and enterprise economic benefits.

[0017] 2. The present invention can flexibly select and combine modular ore bodies as point pillars according to the stability of the mine room roof pillars and the mine room bottom pillars, and can be adapted to mine room roof pillars and mine room bottom pillars of different stabilities. It is also suitable for situations where accidental faults or cracks occur in the mining field.

[0018] 3. The present invention sets up a centralized loading point and an unloading platform, and the transportation equipment can complete the transportation of the mined ore body without entering the mining site, which is convenient for loading and unloading ore and reduces the difficulty and pressure of equipment scheduling in the narrow space of the mining site. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0019] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the planning of the mine room before mining of the present invention;

[0020] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of room-and-pillar mining according to the present invention;

[0021] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of mining by the backfill method of the present invention;

[0022] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the filling method of the present invention during filling;

[0023] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the backfill method after mining according to the present invention;

[0024] Figure 6 It is a schematic diagram of mining by the open-field method of the present invention when the stability of the roof pillar of the mine room is good;

[0025] Figure 7 It is a schematic diagram of mining by the open-field method of the present invention when the stability of the roof pillar of the mine room is poor;

[0026] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of mining with the open-field method of the present invention when there are particularly obvious fault cracks in the roof pillar of the mine room;

[0027] Fig. 9 This is a schematic diagram of the drilling arrangement for mining according to the present invention;

[0028] In the figure: 1. Mine room entrance; 2. Mine room exit; 3. Mine room inner pillars; 4. Mine room top pillars; 5. Mine room bottom pillars; 6. Centralized ore loading point; 7. Ore unloading platform; 8. Uphill ramp; 9. Cutting uphill; 10. Cutting lane; 11. Modular strip ore body; 12. Modular ore body; 13. Transport lane; 14. Peripheral blast holes. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0029] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0030] See also Figure 1-9 The present invention provides the following technical solution: a modular mining method, comprising the following steps:

[0031] S1: Arrange the ore blocks along the strike or vertical strike of the ore body, with the length and width of a single ore block being 100-150m. When the length and width of the ore body plane are both large, use the transport tunnel 13 to divide the ore body into strip ore bodies, with the width of the strip ore body being 100-150m;

[0032] S2: A mine room bottom pillar 5, a mine room outer pillar 3 and a mine room top pillar 4 are set around the ore block, the width of the mine room bottom pillar 5, the mine room outer pillar 3 and the mine room top pillar 4 is 5-8m, a mine room entrance 1 is set on the mine room bottom pillar 5, and a mine room exit 2 is set on the mine room top pillar 4. The height between the mine room entrance 1 and the mine room exit 2 is the thickness of the ore body, and the width is 4-5m;

[0033] S3: The mining equipment enters from the mine room entrance 1, and two cutting uphills 9 and two cutting horizontal tunnels 10 are excavated in advance around the ore block along the mine room bottom pillar 5, the mine room inner pillar 3 and the mine room top pillar 4. The width of the cutting uphill 9 and the cutting horizontal tunnel 10 is 4-5m, and most of the ore body in the middle of the ore block is divided into regular rectangular mine rooms;

[0034] S4: Divide the rectangular mine room into a plurality of modular strip ore bodies 11 along the horizontal and vertical directions, wherein the width of the modular strip ore body 11 is 4-5 m and the height is the thickness of the ore body, and number the plurality of modular strip ore bodies 11 according to their respective numbering systems, and determine a plurality of modular ore bodies 12 and their numbers through the number combination of the plurality of modular strip ore bodies 11;

[0035] S5: During mining, the stability of the roof pillar 4 of the mine room is predicted. If the stability is good, the module strip ore body 11 is mined in a way of one-by-one mining, leaving part of the module ore body 12 as a regular point pillar, which is the room-pillar method. If the stability is poor, the module strip ore body 11 is mined in a way of one-by-one mining, and the mined module strip ore body 11 is filled after mining. After the filling body solidifies, the remaining module strip ore body 11 is mined, which is the filling method. The stability of the roof pillar 4 of the mine room after the above mining is predicted. If the stability is good, one module ore body 12 is left as a point pillar for every three module strip ore bodies 11 for mining. If the stability is poor, four module ore bodies 12 are left as a point pillar for every three module strip ore bodies 11 for mining. If the roof pillar 4 of the mine room has particularly obvious fault cracks, a number of module ore bodies 12 can be left as point pillars for mining according to the direction of the faults and cracks. This is the open field method;

[0036] S6: The mined ore body is loaded by the mine room shovel equipment through the mine room inlet 1 and transported to the transportation equipment to the surface.

[0037] Specifically, in step S5, when the modular strip ore body 11 or the modular ore body 12 is mined, forward horizontal hole drilling blasting is adopted, and a circle of rectangular blast holes are arranged around the cross-section of the modular strip ore body 11 or the modular ore body 12 to be mined as peripheral eye blast holes 14, and the distance between adjacent peripheral eye blast holes 14 is 0.4m, and the blast hole density coefficient is about 0.8. When charging, the dense hole single hole is charged with less charge. When blasting mining, the peripheral eye blast holes 14 are blasted first to form cracks with other modular strip ore bodies 11 or modular ore bodies 12, the bottom pillars 5 of the mine room and the top pillars 4 of the mine room, so as to avoid damage to the surrounding modular strip ore bodies 11 or modular ore bodies 12, the bottom pillars 5 of the mine room and the top pillars 4 of the mine room during blasting.

[0038] Specifically, in step S6, a centralized loading point 6 is arranged next to the mine entrance 1. The centralized loading point 6 has a width of 3-4m and is lower than the mine bottom pillar 5 inwardly downward. At the same time, a ore unloading platform 7 0.5-1m higher than the mine bottom pillar 5 is arranged near the centralized loading point 6 in the cutting level tunnel 10. The length of the ore unloading platform 7 is 4-5m and the width is 3-4m. At the same time, an ascending ramp 8 is arranged on one side of the ore unloading platform 7. When the mine room shoveling equipment and transportation equipment transfer the mined ore body, the mine room shoveling equipment shovels the mined ore body to the ascending ramp 8, and the ascending ramp 8 transports the mined ore body to the ore unloading platform 7, and then the ore unloading platform 7 falls to the centralized loading point 6. The transportation equipment loads ore from the centralized loading point 6 and transports the mined ore body out without entering the mine room, so as to reduce the equipment scheduling pressure of the narrow mine room passage.

[0039] The modular mining method is aimed at the situation that the mining methods of non-coal underground mines with gently inclined thin ore bodies are relatively fixed and lack of changes, and it is difficult to adapt to the situation that the stability of the mine room top pillar 4 and the mine room bottom pillar 5 changes. Even if a variety of mining methods are designed according to the different stability of the mine room top pillar 4 and the mine room bottom pillar 5, the economic pressure of the mining enterprise will increase and the mining efficiency will be reduced due to the new requirements for equipment and personnel skills.

[0040] The modular mining method separates the ore block by cutting uphill 9 and cutting horizontal tunnel 10 in advance, creates ventilation and transportation conditions, and then divides most of the ore rooms in the middle of the separated ore block into vertical and horizontal modular strip ore bodies 11, and then into modular ore bodies 12. Through the flexible selection and combination of modular ore bodies 12 as ore pillars, as well as the treatment of leaving point pillars in the empty field or filling the empty area, the stability of the goaf can be maintained by the flexible change of a mining method;

[0041] A modular and flexible processing method of the mining method can adapt to different stability conditions of the mine room roof pillar 4 of the ore body without changing the mining method, thereby realizing the continuous use of equipment and the consistency of personnel's technical skills. Under the premise of not increasing the economic pressure of the enterprise and ensuring the mining efficiency, the goaf with different stability conditions of the mine room roof pillar 4 can be maintained.

[0042] Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and variations may be made to the embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the present invention, and that the scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A modular mining method, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S1: Arrange the ore blocks along the strike or perpendicular to the strike of the ore body. The length and width of a single ore block are 100-150m. When the length and width of the ore body plane are both large, use the transport tunnel (13) to divide the ore body into strip ore bodies. The width of the strip ore body is 100-150m. S2: A mine room bottom pillar (5), a mine room inner pillar (3) and a mine room top pillar (4) are set around the ore block. The width of the mine room bottom pillar (5), the mine room inner pillar (3) and the mine room top pillar (4) is 5-8m. A mine room entrance (1) is set on the mine room bottom pillar (5), and a mine room exit (2) is set on the mine room top pillar (4). The height between the mine room entrance (1) and the mine room exit (2) is equal to the thickness of the ore body, and the width is 4-5m. S3: The mining equipment enters from the mine entrance (1), and two cutting uphills (9) and two cutting horizontal tunnels (10) are excavated in advance around the ore block along the edges of the mine bottom pillar (5), the mine inner pillar (3) and the mine top pillar (4). The width of the cutting uphills (9) and the cutting horizontal tunnels (10) is 4-5m, which divides most of the ore body in the middle of the ore block into regular rectangular mine rooms; S4: Divide the rectangular ore room into a plurality of modular strip ore bodies (11) along the horizontal and vertical directions, wherein the width of the modular strip ore body (11) is 4-5 m and the height is the thickness of the ore body, number the plurality of modular strip ore bodies (11) according to their respective numbering systems, and determine a plurality of modular ore bodies (12) and their numbers through the combination of the numbers of the plurality of modular strip ore bodies (11); S5: During mining, the stability of the roof pillar (4) of the mine room is predicted. If the stability is good, the modular strip ore body (11) is mined in a one-by-one manner, leaving part of the modular ore body (12) as a regular point pillar. This is the room-pillar method. If the stability is poor, the modular strip ore body (11) is mined in a one-by-one manner. After mining, the mined modular strip ore body (11) is filled. After the filling body solidifies, the remaining modular strip ore body (11) is mined. This is the filling method. Pre-judgment of the above mining The stability of the roof pillar (4) of the mining room after mining. If the stability is good, one module ore body (12) is set as a point pillar for mining every three module strip ore bodies (11). If the stability is poor, four module ore bodies (12) are set as a point pillar for mining every three module strip ore bodies (11). If there are particularly obvious fault cracks in the roof pillar (4), several module ore bodies (12) can be set as point pillars for mining according to the fault and crack directions. This is an open field method. S6: The mined ore is loaded by the mine room shovel equipment through the mine room inlet (1) and transported to the surface by transportation equipment.

2. A modular mining method according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the step S5, when the modular strip ore body (11) or the modular ore body (12) is mined, forward horizontal hole drilling blasting is adopted, and a circle of rectangular blast holes are arranged around the cross section of the modular strip ore body (11) or the modular ore body (12) to be mined as peripheral eye blast holes (14), the spacing between adjacent peripheral eye blast holes (14) is 0.4m, the blast hole density coefficient is about 0.8, and when charging, the dense hole single hole is charged with less charge. When blasting mining, the peripheral eye blast holes (14) are blasted first to form cracks with other modular strip ore bodies (11) or modular ore bodies (12), the bottom pillars (5) and the top pillars (4) of the mine room, so as to avoid damaging the peripheral modular strip ore body (11) or the modular ore body (12), the bottom pillars (5) and the top pillars (4) of the mine room during blasting.

3. A modular mining method according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the step S6, a centralized ore loading point (6) is arranged beside the mine room entrance (1), the centralized ore loading point (6) is 3-4 m wide and is lower than the mine room bottom pillar (5) inwardly downwardly, and a ore unloading platform (7) 0.5-1 m higher than the mine room bottom pillar (5) is arranged near the centralized ore loading point (6) in the cutting level tunnel (10), the ore unloading platform (7) is 4-5 m long and 3-4 m wide, and an up ramp (8) is arranged on one side of the ore unloading platform (7). When the mine room shoveling equipment and the transportation equipment transfer the mined ore body, the mine room shovels the mined ore body onto the up ramp (8), and the up ramp (8) transports the mined ore body to the ore unloading platform (7), and then the ore unloading platform (7) drops to the centralized ore loading point (6), and the transportation equipment loads ore from the centralized ore loading point (6) and transports the mined ore body out without entering the mine room, so as to reduce the equipment scheduling pressure of the narrow mine room passage.

Images