A liquid hydrogen storage tank based on hollow glass microspheres and a hollow glass microsphere filling device and method

Abstract

The present invention provides a liquid hydrogen storage tank based on hollow glass microspheres, and a hollow glass microsphere filling device and method. The liquid hydrogen storage tank comprises a double-layer liquid hydrogen storage tank body, the double-layer liquid hydrogen storage tank body comprising an outer shell and an inner shell located within the outer shell, a vacuum cavity formed between the outer shell and the inner shell, and the vacuum cavity is filled with hollow glass microspheres. The hollow glass microsphere filling device comprises a liquid nitrogen storage tank, a vaporizer, a heater, a HGM storage container, a pressure accumulator tank, a filter, and a water ring pump; the outlet of the liquid nitrogen storage tank is connected to the inlet of the vaporizer, the outlet of the vaporizer is connected to the inlet of the heater, the outlet of the heater is connected to the inlet of the pressure accumulator tank, and the outlet of the heater is connected to the gas inlet of the HGM storage container. The present invention is suitable for the thermal insulation of large liquid hydrogen storage tanks.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of liquid hydrogen storage, and in particular to a liquid hydrogen storage tank based on hollow glass microspheres and a hollow glass microsphere filling device and method. Background Art

[0002] As an excellent energy carrier, hydrogen energy has the advantages of high efficiency, cleanliness, wide distribution, and sustainability. It is a new energy source with great application prospects. As a key link connecting production and application, hydrogen storage is a prerequisite for the large-scale civilian use of hydrogen energy, and it is also the main bottleneck hindering its efficient application. Among the many forms of hydrogen energy storage, low-temperature liquid storage has the advantages of high purity and high energy density per unit volume. It meets the requirements of "large-scale and long-term" hydrogen storage and is an important research direction in the field of hydrogen energy storage. For ground storage of liquid hydrogen, the main types of storage tanks are cylindrical tanks and spherical tanks. Among them, spherical tanks have a small specific surface area, save steel, and are evenly stressed. They can store more liquid hydrogen with the smallest equipment footprint, making them ideal containers for storing large quantities of liquid hydrogen.

[0003] Hydrogen has an extremely low boiling point and a low latent heat of vaporization, so vaporization losses are inevitable during storage. Minimizing the amount of heat that leaks into the tank from the environment and reducing evaporation losses in liquid hydrogen is one of the main technical challenges in liquid hydrogen storage. Ambient heat generally enters the liquid hydrogen through three pathways: (1) the insulation layer; (2) the internal support structure; and (3) the pipeline. Heat leakage through the insulation layer accounts for more than half of the total heat leakage and needs to be minimized.

[0004] The Chinese patent application with publication number CN113063088A discloses a low-temperature composite insulation layer, its preparation method and its application in on-board low-temperature hydrogen storage tanks. It uses a hollow microsphere layer and a multi-layer insulation layer to form the insulation layer of the on-board liquid hydrogen storage tank to reduce heat leakage. The hollow microsphere layer includes a support body and a hollow microsphere powder. The hollow microsphere powder is filled inside the support body. The hollow microsphere layer is divided into three parts, upper, middle and lower, and is arranged on the outer wall of the on-board liquid hydrogen storage tank. The three parts are sewn together to prepare a hollow microsphere layer. The multi-layer insulation layer is also sewn according to a similar preparation method for the hollow microsphere layer. However, this sewing and wrapping method and the combination of multi-layer insulation materials are only applicable to small liquid hydrogen storage tanks, and are not applicable to fixed large liquid hydrogen storage tanks, because multi-layer insulation materials are difficult to wrap on the surface of large liquid hydrogen storage tanks. In addition, multi-layer insulation is only applicable when the tank pressure is extremely low (less than 10 -2 However, it is expensive to evacuate large storage tanks to a high vacuum and the vacuum is difficult to maintain, so it is difficult to take advantage of the multi-layer insulation. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In order to solve the above-mentioned problems of the prior art, the present invention provides a liquid hydrogen storage tank based on hollow glass microspheres and a hollow glass microsphere filling device and method, which are suitable for the insulation of large liquid hydrogen storage tanks.

[0006] The present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:

[0007] The present invention provides a liquid hydrogen storage tank based on hollow glass microspheres, comprising: a double-layer liquid hydrogen storage tank body, wherein the double-layer liquid hydrogen storage tank body comprises an outer shell and an inner shell located inside the outer shell, a vacuum cavity is formed between the outer shell and the inner shell, and the vacuum cavity is filled with hollow glass microspheres.

[0008] Preferably, at least one steam cooling screen is provided in the vacuum chamber from the inside to the outside.

[0009] Furthermore, the vapor cooling screen divides the vacuum cavity into at least two layers of separation cavities from the inside to the outside, and each separation cavity is filled with hollow glass microspheres; and the filling density of the hollow glass microspheres in each separation cavity increases from the inside to the outside.

[0010] Furthermore, the steam cooling screen includes a filter and a serpentine hydrogen pipeline arranged on the filter.

[0011] Furthermore, the filter screen is specifically a stainless steel filter screen.

[0012] The present invention also provides a hollow glass microsphere filling device, comprising: a liquid nitrogen storage tank, a vaporizer, a heater, a HGM storage container, a pressure accumulator, a filter, and a water ring pump; the outlet of the liquid nitrogen storage tank is connected to the inlet of the vaporizer, the outlet of the vaporizer is connected to the inlet of the heater, the outlet of the heater is connected to the inlet of the pressure accumulator via a first valve and a second valve in sequence, and the outlet of the heater is connected to the gas inlet of the HGM storage container via a first valve and a third valve in sequence; the liquid nitrogen storage tank is the liquid hydrogen storage tank based on the hollow glass microspheres as described above;

[0013] During use, the HGM outlet of the HGM storage container is connected to the shell inlet of the liquid hydrogen storage tank through the fourth valve, the outlet of the pressure accumulator tank is connected to the shell inlet of the liquid hydrogen storage tank through the fifth valve, and the water ring pump is connected to the shell outlet of the liquid hydrogen storage tank through the filter in turn.

[0014] Preferably, a thermometer and a pressure gauge are provided on the connecting pipe between the heater and the first valve.

[0015] Preferably, the pressure accumulator tank is provided with a pressure gauge and a safety valve.

[0016] Preferably, a thermometer and a pressure gauge are provided on the connecting pipe between the water ring pump and the filter.

[0017] The present invention provides a method for filling hollow glass microspheres in a liquid hydrogen storage tank. Based on the hollow glass microsphere filling device described above, the HGM outlet of the HGM storage container is connected to the microsphere inlet of the shell of the liquid hydrogen storage tank via a fourth valve, the outlet of the pressure accumulator tank is connected to the gas inlet of the shell of the liquid hydrogen storage tank via a fifth valve, and the water ring pump is connected to the gas outlet of the shell of the liquid hydrogen storage tank via a filter in turn. The method comprises:

[0018] The liquid nitrogen in the liquid nitrogen storage tank is vaporized into nitrogen gas by a vaporizer, and the nitrogen gas is heated into high-temperature nitrogen gas by a heater. The first valve and the third valve are opened, and the high-temperature nitrogen gas is used to dry the hollow glass microspheres in the HGM storage container. After the drying is completed, the third valve and the heater are closed;

[0019] Open the second valve to allow nitrogen to enter the pressure accumulator tank, and make the pressure in the pressure accumulator tank reach the first preset pressure, and close the first valve and the second valve;

[0020] Start the water ring pump, open the eighth valve, reduce the pressure in the hollow cavity of the liquid hydrogen storage tank to the second preset pressure, open the fourth valve, and start filling the hollow glass microspheres. When the pressure in the hollow cavity of the liquid hydrogen storage tank reaches the third preset pressure, close the fourth valve and the water ring pump, open the fifth valve, and allow high-pressure nitrogen to enter the hollow cavity of the liquid hydrogen storage tank to compact the hollow glass microspheres. Repeat this step until the hollow cavity is full of hollow glass microspheres, and then vacuum the hollow cavity of the liquid hydrogen storage tank.

[0021] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0022] This invention utilizes a double-layer structure consisting of an inner and outer shell for the liquid hydrogen storage tank. Hollow glass microspheres (HGM) are used as the insulation material and are directly placed within the vacuum cavity between the two shells. These HGMs are easy to fill, highly adaptable to vacuum environments, and offer low maintenance costs. They can replace multi-layer insulation for large liquid hydrogen storage tanks. These HGMs can be directly filled without requiring a support structure for sewing or wrapping, making them suitable for large liquid hydrogen storage tanks. Furthermore, at high vacuum levels, the insulation performance of a single HGM is superior to that of multiple layers.

[0023] Furthermore, a vapor-cooled shield (VCS) is installed in the vacuum chamber. Liquid hydrogen vaporizes through the VCS, exchanging heat with hollow glass microspheres before being discharged. This sensible heat of the evaporated hydrogen changes the temperature distribution of the insulation layer, increasing its thermal resistance and further reducing heat transfer. The HGM and VCS are coupled to achieve even better insulation.

[0024] Furthermore, because heat passing through the HGM insulation layer is primarily conducted on the low-temperature side and radiated on the high-temperature side, the present invention fills the compartments formed by the vapor shield with hollow glass microspheres of varying densities, with the density of the microspheres increasing from the inside out. The high-density microspheres in the outermost compartments have the strongest ability to attenuate radiation, while the low-density microspheres in the innermost compartments have the strongest ability to attenuate solid thermal conductivity. Thus, the variable density of the microspheres matches the thermal conductivity of the inner and outer layers, further increasing the thermal resistance of the insulation layer and reducing heat transfer.

[0025] This invention addresses the proposed liquid hydrogen storage tank based on hollow glass microspheres and designs a hollow glass microsphere filling device to facilitate the filling of the hollow glass microspheres into the vacuum chamber of the liquid hydrogen storage tank. Heated nitrogen is used to dry the hollow glass microspheres, preventing the introduction of moisture into the tank and affecting subsequent vacuuming. A water ring pump is used to reduce the pressure within the hollow chamber, creating a negative pressure, thereby facilitating the filling of the hollow glass microspheres. Furthermore, nitrogen from a pressure accumulator is used to compact the hollow glass microspheres, increasing the packing density of the hollow glass microspheres. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0026] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art. Obviously, the drawings described below are some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying any creative work.

[0027] Figure 1 This is a model diagram of the liquid hydrogen storage tank and its internal layout in Example 1 of the present invention.

[0028] Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the hollow glass microsphere filling device in the liquid hydrogen storage tank.

[0029] Figure 3 This is a two-dimensional schematic diagram of the new steam cooling screen (hydrogen pipeline plus filter).

[0030] Figure 4 This is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of the implementation of the new vapor cooling screen on the liquid hydrogen storage tank.

[0031] 1-External support; 2-Outer shell; 3-High-density hollow glass microspheres; 4-Second vapor cooling shield; 5-Medium-density hollow glass microspheres; 6-First vapor cooling shield; 7-Low-density hollow glass microspheres; 8-Inner shell; 9-Liquid nitrogen storage tank; 10-Sixth valve; 11-Vaporizer; 12-Seventh valve; 13-Heater; 14-First thermometer; 15-First pressure gauge; 16-First valve; 17-Second valve; 18-Pressure accumulator; 19-Third valve; 20-Second pressure gauge; 21-Safety valve; 22-Fourth valve; 23-HGM storage container; 24-Second thermometer; 25-Fifth valve; 26-Liquid hydrogen storage tank; 27-Eighth valve; 28-Filter; 29-Third thermometer; 30-Third pressure gauge; 31-Water ring pump; 32-Filter; 33-Hydrogen pipeline. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0032] The following describes the embodiments of the present invention through specific examples. Those skilled in the art will readily understand the other advantages and benefits of the present invention from the disclosure herein. The present invention may also be implemented or applied through various other specific embodiments, and the details in this specification may be modified or altered based on different viewpoints and applications without departing from the spirit of the present invention.

[0033] It should be noted that the process equipment or devices not specifically specified in the following embodiments are all conventional equipment or devices in the art.

[0034] It should be noted that the terms "including" and "having" and any variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusions. For example, a process, method, system, product, or apparatus comprising a series of steps or units is not necessarily limited to those steps or units explicitly listed, but may include other steps or units not explicitly listed or inherent to these processes, methods, products, or apparatuses. Furthermore, unless otherwise specified, the numbering of each method step is merely a convenient tool for identifying each method step, and is not intended to limit the order of arrangement of each method step or to define the scope of the invention. Changes or adjustments to their relative relationships, without substantially changing the technical content, should also be considered within the scope of the invention.

[0035] Furthermore, it should be noted that the terms "first," "second," and the like are used to distinguish similar objects and are not necessarily used to describe a specific order or precedence. It should be understood that the terms used in this manner are interchangeable where appropriate, so that the embodiments of the present invention described herein can be implemented in an order other than that illustrated or described herein. The terms "center," "upper," "lower," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "inner," and "outer" and the like, indicating positions or relationships, are based on the positions or relationships shown in the accompanying drawings and are intended solely for the purpose of facilitating the description of the present invention and simplifying the description. They are not intended to indicate or imply that the devices or components referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed, or operate in a specific orientation, and are therefore not to be construed as limiting the present invention. Furthermore, unless otherwise expressly specified or limited, the terms "mounted," "connected," and "connected" should be understood broadly, for example, to mean a fixed connection or a detachable connection; a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; or internal communication between two components.

[0036] The liquid hydrogen storage tank based on hollow glass microspheres described in the present invention includes a double-layer liquid hydrogen storage tank body, which includes an outer shell 2 and an inner shell 8 located inside the outer shell 2. A vacuum cavity is formed between the outer shell 2 and the inner shell 8, and the vacuum cavity is filled with hollow glass microspheres.

[0037] The present invention configures a liquid hydrogen storage tank as a double-layer structure formed by an inner shell 8 and an outer shell 2. Hollow glass microspheres are used as the insulation material and are directly filled into the vacuum cavity between the outer shell 2 and the inner shell 8. The hollow glass microspheres are easy to fill, highly adaptable to vacuum conditions, and have low maintenance costs. They can replace multi-layer insulation for large liquid hydrogen storage tanks. The hollow glass microspheres in this liquid hydrogen storage tank can be directly filled without the need for sewing or wrapping a support, making them suitable for large liquid hydrogen storage tanks.

[0038] To enhance thermal insulation, one embodiment of the present invention incorporates at least one vapor shield positioned within the vacuum chamber from the inside out. When liquid hydrogen vaporizes upon heating, the temperature of the evaporated gas is barely above its saturation temperature. This allows the hydrogen to pass through the shield and exchange heat with the hollow glass microspheres before being discharged. This effectively lowers the temperature of the microspheres, minimizing the heat exchange temperature differential and increasing their thermal resistance, thereby reducing the amount of heat that leaks into the liquid hydrogen.

[0039] To further enhance the thermal insulation effect, hollow glass microspheres of varying densities can be packed into the individual compartments formed by the vapor cooling shield dividing the vacuum chamber. The density of the hollow glass microspheres in each compartment increases from the inside out. Preferably, two vapor cooling shields are provided, dividing the vacuum chamber into three layers of compartments from the inside out. The innermost compartment has the lowest density of hollow glass microspheres, while the outermost compartment has the highest density. From the outside in, the three compartments are high-density, medium-density, and low-density. The hollow glass microspheres in the outermost compartment have the strongest ability to attenuate radiation, while the hollow glass microspheres in the innermost compartment have the strongest ability to attenuate solid thermal conductivity.

[0040] Preferably, the steam cold shield of the present invention includes a filter screen 32 and a serpentine hydrogen pipeline 33 provided on the filter screen 32 .

[0041] The filter 32 is specifically a stainless steel filter, and the mesh number of the filter should be selected according to the particle size of HGM, and the mesh number should not be less than 300 mesh. Compared with the stainless steel screen, the filter can be breathable while isolating HGM, while the stainless steel screen can only isolate HGM. Because the interlayer needs to be vacuumed during normal use of the storage tank, it is unnecessary to open an additional vacuum port in the interlayer by directly using the filter here. In addition, the filter is relatively light in weight, and the overall weight is lighter than that of the same type of storage tank with VCS; at the same time, it is easier to install than the stainless steel screen, and the components supporting the VCS are smaller.

[0042] In order to successfully fill the hollow glass microspheres into the vacuum cavity of the liquid hydrogen storage tank, the present invention provides a hollow glass microsphere filling device.

[0043] like Figure 2 As shown, the hollow glass microsphere filling device includes: a liquid nitrogen storage tank 9, a vaporizer 11, a heater 13, a HGM storage container 23, a pressure accumulator 18, a filter 28, and a water ring pump 31. The outlet of the liquid nitrogen storage tank 9 is connected to the inlet of the vaporizer 11 through a sixth valve 10, the outlet of the vaporizer 11 is connected to the inlet of the heater 13 through a seventh valve 12, the outlet of the heater 13 is connected to the gas inlet of the HGM storage container 23 through a first valve 16 and a third valve 19 in sequence, the outlet of the heater 13 is connected to the inlet of the pressure accumulator 18 through a first valve 16 and a second valve 17 in sequence, the outlet of the pressure accumulator 18 is connected to the gas inlet of the shell 2 of the liquid hydrogen storage tank 26 through a fifth valve 25, and the HGM outlet of the HGM storage container 23 is connected to the microsphere inlet of the shell 2 of the liquid hydrogen storage tank 26 through a fourth valve 22. The water ring pump 31 is connected to the gas outlet of the shell 2 of the liquid hydrogen storage tank 26 through a filter 28 and an eighth valve 27 in sequence.

[0044] A first thermometer 14 and a first pressure gauge 15 are installed on the connecting pipe between the heater 13 and the first valve 16. A second pressure gauge 20 and a safety valve 21 are installed on the accumulator tank 18. A third thermometer 29 and a third pressure gauge 30 are installed on the connecting pipe between the water ring pump 31 and the filter 28. A second thermometer 24 is installed on the HGM storage container 23.

[0045] The method for filling the hollow glass microspheres into the hollow cavity of the liquid hydrogen storage tank 26 using the hollow glass microsphere filling device of the present invention is as follows:

[0046] First, the sixth valve 10 is opened to allow the liquid nitrogen to be vaporized into nitrogen gas through the vaporizer 11. Then, the seventh valve 12 is opened to allow the nitrogen gas to pass through the heater 13 to become high-temperature nitrogen gas. The first thermometer 14 and the first pressure gauge 15 are used to detect and control the temperature and pressure of the high-temperature nitrogen gas. Then, the first valve 16 and the third valve 19 are opened to heat, dry and purge the hollow glass microspheres in the HGM storage container 23. During this period, the heating temperature is controlled by the second thermometer 24. After the drying is completed, the third valve 19 and the heater 13 are closed.

[0047] Open the second valve 17 to allow nitrogen to enter the pressure accumulator 18 and make the pressure in the pressure accumulator 18 reach a first preset pressure (for example, 0.3 MPa). Use the second pressure gauge 20 to detect the pressure in the pipe. The safety valve 21 prevents accidents caused by excessive pressure. After the pressure accumulation is completed, close the sixth valve 10, the seventh valve 12, the first valve 16, and the second valve 17.

[0048] The water ring pump 31 is started, and the eighth valve 27 is opened to reduce the pressure in the hollow cavity of the liquid hydrogen storage tank 26 to a second preset pressure (e.g., 80,000 Pa (absolute)). The fourth valve 22 is then opened to begin loading the hollow glass microspheres. During the loading process, the filter 28 acts as a filter, allowing gas to pass through while isolating the hollow glass microspheres and preventing them from entering the water ring pump 31. The third thermometer 29 and the third pressure gauge 30 monitor the temperature and pressure at the pump outlet of the water ring pump 31, respectively. When the pressure in the hollow cavity of the liquid hydrogen storage tank 26 reaches the third preset pressure (e.g., 15,000 Pa (absolute)), the fourth valve 22 and the water ring pump 31 are closed, and the fifth valve 25 is opened to allow high-pressure nitrogen gas to enter the hollow cavity of the liquid hydrogen storage tank 26 to compact the hollow glass microspheres. This step is repeated until the hollow cavity is full of hollow glass microspheres, and then the hollow cavity of the liquid hydrogen storage tank is evacuated.

[0049] Furthermore, a vibrator can be installed outside the liquid hydrogen storage tank 26 to assist in compacting the empty glass microspheres, or a combination of nitrogen compaction and natural sedimentation can be used to make the empty glass microspheres reach a preset packing density. During the filling process of the empty glass microspheres, a probe can be used at the top to observe the filling degree of the empty glass microspheres.

[0050] Example 1

[0051] like Figure 1 The figure shows a specific embodiment of a hollow glass microsphere-based liquid hydrogen storage tank according to the present invention. The hollow glass microsphere-based liquid hydrogen storage tank comprises a double-layer liquid hydrogen storage tank body arranged in a spherical shape. The double-layer liquid hydrogen storage tank body comprises an outer shell 2 and an inner shell 8 located within the outer shell 2. A vacuum cavity is formed between the outer shell 2 and the inner shell 8. The vacuum cavity is provided with a first vapor cold shield 6 and a second vapor cold shield 4, which are arranged in sequence from the inside to the outside. The first vapor cold shield 6 and the second vapor cold shield 4 divide the vacuum cavity into three layers of partition chambers. From the inside to the outside, the three layers of partition chambers are filled with low-density hollow glass microspheres 7, medium-density hollow glass microspheres 5, and high-density hollow glass microspheres 3, respectively.

[0052] like Figure 3 and Figure 4 As shown in the figure, the first and second vapor cold shields 6 and 4 each include a filter 32 and a hydrogen pipeline 33 secured to the filter 32. The inner shell 8 of the double-layer liquid hydrogen storage tank is used to hold liquid hydrogen. The low-temperature hydrogen produced by evaporation is discharged through the hydrogen pipeline 33. During its flow, the low-temperature hydrogen exchanges heat with the hollow glass microspheres, removing heat and preventing it from entering the liquid hydrogen, thus providing insulation.

[0053] The double-layer liquid hydrogen storage tank body is placed as a whole on the external support 1, and the external support 1 is used to support the entire liquid hydrogen spherical tank.

[0054] The above content is only for explaining the technical idea of ​​the present invention and cannot be used to limit the protection scope of the present invention. Any changes made on the basis of the technical solution in accordance with the technical idea proposed by the present invention shall fall within the protection scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A hollow glass microsphere filling device for a liquid hydrogen storage tank, characterized in that: The liquid hydrogen storage tank (26) comprises: a double-layer liquid hydrogen storage tank body, the double-layer liquid hydrogen storage tank body comprises an outer shell (2) and an inner shell (8) located inside the outer shell (2), a vacuum cavity is formed between the outer shell (2) and the inner shell (8), and the vacuum cavity is used to fill hollow glass microspheres; the hollow glass microsphere filling device comprises: a liquid nitrogen storage tank (9), a vaporizer (11), a heater (13), an HGM storage container (23), a pressure accumulator (18), a filter (28) and a water ring pump (31); the outlet of the liquid nitrogen storage tank (9) is connected to the inlet of the vaporizer (11), the outlet of the vaporizer (11) is connected to the inlet of the heater (13), the outlet of the heater (13) is connected to the inlet of the pressure accumulator (18) through the first valve (16) and the second valve (17) in sequence, and the outlet of the heater (13) is connected to the gas inlet of the HGM storage container (23) through the first valve (16) and the third valve (19) in sequence; When in use, the HGM outlet of the HGM storage container (23) is connected to the microsphere inlet of the shell (2) of the liquid hydrogen storage tank (26) through the fourth valve (22), the outlet of the pressure accumulator tank (18) is connected to the gas inlet of the shell (2) of the liquid hydrogen storage tank (26) through the fifth valve (25), and the water ring pump (31) is connected to the gas outlet of the shell (2) of the liquid hydrogen storage tank (26) through the filter (28).

2. The hollow glass microsphere filling device for liquid hydrogen storage tank according to claim 1, characterized in that: A thermometer and a pressure gauge are provided on the connecting pipe between the heater (13) and the first valve (16).

3. The hollow glass microsphere filling device for liquid hydrogen storage tank according to claim 1, characterized in that: The pressure accumulator tank (18) is provided with a pressure gauge and a safety valve (21).

4. The hollow glass microsphere filling device for liquid hydrogen storage tank according to claim 1, characterized in that: A thermometer and a pressure gauge are provided on the connecting pipe between the water ring pump (31) and the filter (28).

5. The hollow glass microsphere filling device for liquid hydrogen storage tank according to claim 1, characterized in that: At least one steam cooling screen is arranged in the vacuum chamber from the inside to the outside.

6. The hollow glass microsphere filling device for liquid hydrogen storage tanks according to claim 5, characterized in that: The vapor cold screen divides the vacuum cavity into at least two layers of separation cavities from the inside to the outside, and each separation cavity is filled with hollow glass microspheres; the filling density of the hollow glass microspheres in each separation cavity increases from the inside to the outside.

7. The hollow glass microsphere filling device for liquid hydrogen storage tanks according to claim 6, characterized in that: The steam cold screen includes a filter (32) and a serpentine hydrogen pipeline (33) arranged on the filter (32).

8. The hollow glass microsphere filling device for liquid hydrogen storage tanks according to claim 7, characterized in that: The filter screen (32) is specifically a stainless steel filter screen.

9. A method for filling hollow glass microspheres in a liquid hydrogen storage tank, characterized in that: Based on the hollow glass microsphere filling device of the liquid hydrogen storage tank according to claim 1, the HGM outlet of the HGM storage container (23) is connected to the shell (2) inlet of the liquid hydrogen storage tank (26) through the fourth valve (22), the outlet of the pressure accumulator tank (18) is connected to the shell (2) inlet of the liquid hydrogen storage tank (26) through the fifth valve (25), and the water ring pump (31) is connected to the shell (2) outlet of the liquid hydrogen storage tank (26) through the filter (28); The method comprises: The liquid nitrogen in the liquid nitrogen storage tank (9) is vaporized into nitrogen gas through the vaporizer (11), and the nitrogen gas is heated into high-temperature nitrogen gas through the heater (13). The first valve (16) and the third valve (19) are opened, and the high-temperature nitrogen gas is used to dry the hollow glass microspheres in the HGM storage container (23). After the drying is completed, the third valve (19) and the heater (13) are closed; Open the second valve (17) to allow nitrogen to enter the pressure accumulator (18), and make the pressure in the pressure accumulator (18) reach a first preset pressure, and close the first valve (16) and the second valve (17); Start the water ring pump (31), open the eighth valve (27), reduce the pressure in the hollow cavity of the liquid hydrogen storage tank (26) to the second preset pressure, open the fourth valve (22), and start filling the hollow glass microspheres. When the pressure in the hollow cavity of the liquid hydrogen storage tank (26) reaches the third preset pressure, close the fourth valve (22) and the water ring pump (31), open the fifth valve (25), and allow high-pressure nitrogen to enter the hollow cavity of the liquid hydrogen storage tank (26) to compact the hollow glass microspheres. Repeat this step until the hollow cavity is filled with hollow glass microspheres, and then vacuum the hollow cavity of the liquid hydrogen storage tank (26).

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