Water aqua production and preparation device and method based on glyphosate mother liquor purification treatment

Abstract

The invention discloses an aqueous solution production and preparation device and method based on glyphosate mother liquor purification treatment, and belongs to the technical field of glyphosate mother liquor treatment. The water aqua production and preparation device based on glyphosate mother liquor purification treatment comprises a combustion box and an evaporation box, a transfer sleeve is arranged between the combustion box and the evaporation box, the transfer sleeve is connected with the combustion box and the evaporation box through flanges, a liquid storage box is arranged at one end of the combustion box, and a booster pump assembly is arranged on one side of the liquid storage box. In order to solve the problems that when an existing mother solution is subjected to innocent treatment through an incineration method, the mother solution cannot be completely decomposed once components are not combusted or the combustion temperature is not high enough, and the incineration cost is high due to the fact that a large amount of fuel needs to be consumed, the number of combustion chambers is reduced through a tower type design; evaporation and combustion operations are completed through a single combustion chamber, so that the consumption of fuel gas can be effectively reduced, and the cost is saved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of glyphosate mother liquor treatment, and in particular to an aqueous preparation device and method based on glyphosate mother liquor purification treatment. Background Art

[0002] Glyphosate is a low-toxic, high-efficiency, broad-spectrum herbicide. Due to its high efficacy and low cost, it has become one of the best pesticides. The yield of glyphosate raw materials in the glycine process is generally 73% to 75% based on glycine, while the utilization rate of phosphorus is only 60% to 65%, and a large amount of by-product sodium chloride is also produced. Almost all organic matter that has not been converted into glyphosate remains in the glyphosate mother liquor, resulting in a large amount of high-concentration organic phosphorus wastewater (mother liquor), which mainly contains: 1.0% glyphosate, 2.5% glyphosate, 1.5% glycine, 0.5% methyl glyphosate, 2.0% phosphite, 15% sodium chloride and a small amount of other organic matter.

[0003] When the existing mother liquor is harmlessly treated by incineration, if the components are not burned or the combustion temperature is not high enough, the mother liquor cannot be completely decomposed, and more fuel is consumed, resulting in high incineration costs. Summary of the invention

[0004] The object of the present invention is to provide an aqueous preparation device and method based on the purification treatment of glyphosate mother liquor, which reduces the number of combustion chambers through a tower design and completes evaporation and combustion operations through a single combustion chamber, thereby effectively reducing gas consumption, saving costs, and solving the problems in the prior art.

[0005] To achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the present invention provides the following technical solution: an aqueous preparation device based on the purification treatment of glyphosate mother liquor, comprising a combustion box and an evaporation box, a transfer sleeve is arranged between the combustion box and the evaporation box, the transfer sleeve is respectively connected to the combustion box and the evaporation box through flanges, a liquid storage tank is arranged at one end of the combustion box, a booster pump assembly is arranged at one side of the liquid storage tank, wherein a delivery pipeline is arranged at one side of the booster pump assembly, and the delivery pipeline extends to the interior of the evaporation box.

[0006] Furthermore, a smoke side window is provided above the other end of the combustion box, and an incineration chamber is provided inside the combustion box, wherein a combustion exhaust pipe is provided at the bottom of the incineration chamber, the combustion exhaust pipe adopts an S-shaped distribution, an ignition nozzle is provided on the outer surface of the combustion exhaust pipe, and a transfer valve port is provided at the bottom of the combustion exhaust pipe, wherein the transfer valve port is installed on the outside of the combustion box.

[0007] Furthermore, an evaporation chamber is provided inside the evaporation box, a top window is provided on the top of the evaporation chamber, a plurality of metal sieve frames are provided inside the evaporation chamber, the metal sieve frames are connected to the evaporation box by bolts, and a diversion pipe is provided below the metal sieve frames.

[0008] Furthermore, the metal screen frame includes a surrounding plate and a grid frame, the grid frame is installed on the upper and lower sides of the surrounding plate, the diversion pipe is connected to the delivery pipe through a flow control valve, and both sides of the diversion pipe are provided with an integrally formed branch pipe. The metal screen frame is located above each diversion pipe, and the grid structure on the surface is also a metal structure. During the incineration process, it can absorb heat to generate high temperature. At the same time, the grid frame can effectively intercept dripping liquid to prevent the accumulated liquid that has not completed the evaporation operation and the solid particles generated after evaporation from being blown out from the top window.

[0009] Furthermore, an elbow is provided at one end of the branch pipe, and a valve nozzle is provided below the elbow, wherein the valve nozzle and the elbow are connected by an internal thread, and a spiral liquid distributor is provided on the outer surface of the valve nozzle, and the spiral liquid distributor is welded to the valve nozzle. The mother liquid is sprayed out through the valve nozzle, and the mother liquid atomized into droplets is broken up with the spiral liquid distributor, which can reduce the volume of the droplets so that they can fully contact with the hot air flow and complete the rapid evaporation operation.

[0010] Furthermore, a partition is provided below the diversion pipe, and the partition is connected to the evaporation box by bolts. A drain hole is provided on the outer surface of the partition, and the drain hole is located directly below the valve mouth. During the falling process of the droplets, a part of the droplets will pass through the drain hole and complete evaporation in the transfer sleeve, while the other part will completely evaporate without passing through the drain hole. The solid particles generated at this time will fall onto the partition. The drain hole area of ​​the partition adopts a bucket-shaped design, which can allow the particles to slide to the drain hole area for collection.

[0011] Furthermore, a double-ended pyramid is provided inside the transfer sleeve, wherein a downflow cavity is provided above the double-ended pyramid, an upflow cavity is provided below the double-ended pyramid, a lower conical surface is provided at one end of the double-ended pyramid, and an upper conical surface is provided at the other end of the double-ended pyramid, wherein a vertical flow channel is provided inside the double-ended pyramid, and the two ends of the vertical flow channel extend to the upper conical surface and the lower conical surface respectively, and the vertical flow channel adopts an annular distribution, and the droplets will slide down along the upper conical surface of the double-ended pyramid after falling into the interior of the transfer sleeve, and most of the droplets will enter the vertical flow channel during the sliding process. In the process, the liquid droplets will enter the upflow chamber vertically along the vertical flow channel, and then contact the rising hot air flow to evaporate through the hot air flow. After the evaporation operation is completed, the hot air flow will enter the downflow chamber along the lower cone surface to contact the droplets inside the downflow chamber. The design of the vertical flow channel can prevent the droplets from directly contacting the rising air flow, so that some small droplets are blown back into the evaporation chamber due to the excessive lift of the air flow. At the same time, the design of the double-ended pyramid can play a buffering and barrier role. The particles produced by evaporation will collide with the lower cone surface when blown back by the air flow, and fall into the combustion box after multiple collisions.

[0012] The processing method of the aqueous preparation production device based on the purification treatment of glyphosate mother liquor is characterized by:

[0013] Step 1: Pour the glyphosate mother liquid into the liquid storage tank, and the booster pump assembly transports the mother liquid inside the tank to the inside of the evaporation tank through the pipeline, and the inside of the combustion box is burned by igniting the gas, raising the temperature of the combustion chamber to 700-1100℃;

[0014] Step 2: The heat generated by combustion enters the evaporation box upward through the transfer sleeve. The grid structure on the surface of the metal screen frame can absorb heat and increase the temperature. At this time, the mother liquid is sprayed out through the valve nozzle, and the spiral liquid distributor disperses the mother liquid atomized into droplets;

[0015] Step 3: During the descent process, the droplets come into contact with the rising high-temperature airflow inside the combustion box, resulting in a violent heat and mass transfer effect. The droplets quickly remove the water and low-volatile organic matter in them, and the organic matter in the droplets is decomposed at the same time;

[0016] Step 4: Low volatile organic matter falls into the combustion box under the influence of gravity and is completely burned and decomposed after secondary heating. The decomposition temperature is 1100℃. The incineration residue is deposited inside the combustion box, waiting for comprehensive utilization and treatment at a later stage.

[0017] Step 5: The high-temperature flue gas is discharged through the top window for heat recovery and utilization, and finally the flue gas enters the semi-dry desulfurization tower for recovery and treatment.

[0018] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0019] 1. In the present invention, the metal screen frame is located above each diversion pipe, and the grid structure on the surface is also a metal structure, which can absorb heat and generate high temperature during the incineration process. At the same time, the grid frame can effectively intercept the dripping liquid, preventing the accumulated liquid that has not completed the evaporation operation and the solid particles generated after evaporation from being blown out from the top window;

[0020] 2. In the present invention, after the droplets fall into the transfer sleeve, they will slide down along the upper conical surface of the double-ended pyramid. During the sliding process, most of the droplets will enter the vertical flow channel, vertically enter the upflow chamber along the vertical flow channel, and then contact the rising hot air flow to evaporate through the hot air flow. After the evaporation operation is completed, the hot air flow will also enter the downflow chamber along the lower conical surface to contact the droplets inside the downflow chamber. The design of the vertical flow channel can prevent the droplets from directly contacting the rising air flow, thereby causing some small droplets to be blown back into the evaporation chamber due to the excessive lift of the air flow. At the same time, the design of the double-ended pyramid can play a buffering and barrier role. The particles produced by evaporation will collide with the lower conical surface when blown back by the air flow, and fall into the combustion box after multiple collisions. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0021] Figure 1 It is the overall front view of the present invention;

[0022] Figure 2 It is an overall side view of the present invention;

[0023] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the overall internal structure of the present invention;

[0024] Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of the metal screen frame structure of the present invention;

[0025] Figure 5 It is a schematic diagram of the diversion pipeline structure of the present invention;

[0026] Figure 6 for Figure 5 A schematic diagram of the enlarged structure at point A;

[0027] Figure 7 It is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the transfer casing of the present invention.

[0028] In the figure: 1. combustion box; 2. liquid storage box; 3. evaporation box; 4. transfer sleeve; 101. flue gas side window; 102. incineration chamber; 103. combustion exhaust pipe; 1031. ignition nozzle; 1032. adapter valve port; 201. booster pump assembly; 202. delivery pipeline; 203. flow control valve; 204. diversion pipeline; 2041. branch pipe; 2042. elbow; 2043. valve nozzle; 2044. spiral liquid distributor; 301. top window; 302. evaporation chamber; 303. metal screen frame; 304. partition; 3031. enclosure; 3032. grid; 3041. sluice hole; 401. upflow chamber; 402. downflow chamber; 403. double-ended pyramid; 4031. vertical flow channel; 4032. lower cone surface; 4033. upper cone surface. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0029] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0030] In order to solve the problem that when some mother liquor is harmlessly treated by incineration, if the combustion is not complete or the combustion temperature is not high enough, the mother liquor cannot be completely decomposed, and more fuel is consumed, resulting in high incineration costs; please refer to Figure 1-7 , this embodiment provides the following technical solutions:

[0031] Embodiment 1:

[0032] The aqueous preparation device based on the purification treatment of glyphosate mother liquor is characterized in that it comprises a combustion box 1 and an evaporation box 3, a transfer sleeve 4 is arranged between the combustion box 1 and the evaporation box 3, and the transfer sleeve 4 is respectively connected to the combustion box 1 and the evaporation box 3 through flanges, a liquid storage tank 2 is arranged at one end of the combustion box 1, and a booster pump assembly 201 is arranged on one side of the liquid storage tank 2, wherein a delivery pipeline 202 is arranged on one side of the booster pump assembly 201, and the delivery pipeline 202 extends to the inside of the evaporation box 3, and a flue gas side window 101 is arranged above the other end of the combustion box 1, and an incineration chamber 102 is arranged inside the combustion box 1, wherein a combustion exhaust pipe 103 is arranged at the bottom of the incineration chamber 102, and the combustion exhaust pipe 103 adopts an S-shaped distribution, and an ignition nozzle 1031 is arranged on the outer surface of the combustion exhaust pipe 103, and a switching valve port 1032 is arranged at the bottom of the combustion exhaust pipe 103, wherein the switching valve port 1032 is installed on the outside of the combustion box 1;

[0033] The glyphosate mother liquid is poured into the liquid storage tank 2, and the booster pump assembly 201 transports the mother liquid inside the box to the inside of the evaporation box 3 through a pipeline, and the combustion box 1 is burned by igniting the gas, and the heat generated by the combustion enters the evaporation box 3 upward through the transfer sleeve 4. At this time, the mother liquid is sprayed out through the valve nozzle 2043, and the droplets contact the rising high-temperature airflow inside the combustion box 1 during the descent process, resulting in a violent heat and mass transfer effect. The droplets quickly remove the water and low-volatile organic matter therein, and at the same time, the organic matter in the droplets is decomposed. The low-volatile organic matter falls into the combustion box 1 under the influence of gravity, and is completely incinerated and decomposed after secondary heating. The incineration residue is deposited inside the combustion box 1, and the high-temperature flue gas is discharged through the top window 301 for heat energy recovery. Finally, the flue gas enters the semi-dry desulfurization tower for recovery and treatment. The tower design is used to reduce the number of combustion chambers, and a single combustion chamber is used to complete the evaporation and combustion operations, which can effectively reduce the consumption of fuel gas and save costs.

[0034] Embodiment 2:

[0035] In order to prevent the mother liquid from being blown out of the device by the airflow before it is completely evaporated during the dripping process, multiple sets of metal screen frames 303 are arranged inside the evaporation box 3 for interception operation;

[0036] See also Figure 3-6 The evaporation box 3 is provided with an evaporation chamber 302 inside, and a top window 301 is provided on the top of the evaporation chamber 302. A plurality of metal screen frames 303 are provided inside the evaporation chamber 302. The metal screen frames 303 are connected to the evaporation box 3 by bolts, wherein a shunt pipe 204 is provided below the metal screen frame 303. The metal screen frame 303 includes a surrounding plate 3031 and a grid frame 3032. The grid frame 3032 is installed on the upper and lower sides of the surrounding plate 3031. The shunt pipe 204 is connected to the delivery pipe 202 through a flow control valve 203. Both sides of the shunt pipe 204 are provided with an integrally formed A branch pipe 2041 is provided, an elbow 2042 is provided at one end of the branch pipe 2041, a valve nozzle 2043 is provided below the elbow 2042, wherein the valve nozzle 2043 is connected to the elbow 2042 through an internal thread, a spiral liquid distributor 2044 is provided on the outer surface of the valve nozzle 2043, the spiral liquid distributor 2044 is welded to the valve nozzle 2043, a partition 304 is provided below the branch pipe 204, the partition 304 is connected to the evaporation box 3 through bolts, a leak hole 3041 is provided on the outer surface of the partition 304, and the leak hole 3041 is located directly below the valve nozzle 2043;

[0037] The metal screen frame 303 is located above each diversion pipe 204. The mesh frame 3032 on the surface is also a metal structure. It can absorb heat and generate high temperature during the incineration process. At the same time, the mesh frame 3032 can effectively intercept the dripping liquid to prevent the accumulated liquid that has not completed the evaporation operation and the solid particles generated after evaporation from being blown out from the top window 301.

[0038] The mother liquid is sprayed out through the valve nozzle 2043, and the spiral liquid distributor 2044 is used to break up the mother liquid atomized into droplets, so that the volume of the droplets can be reduced, so that they can fully contact with the hot air flow and complete the rapid evaporation operation. In the process of falling, part of the droplets will pass through the leaching holes 3041 and complete evaporation in the transfer sleeve 4, and the other part will completely evaporate without passing through the leaching holes 3041. At this time, the solid particles generated will fall onto the partition 304. The leaching holes 3041 area of ​​the partition 304 adopts a bucket-shaped design, which can slide the particles to the leaching holes 3041 area for collection;

[0039] Embodiment 3:

[0040] By adding a double-ended pyramid 403 in the transfer sleeve 4, the problem of backflow caused by the contact between the dripping liquid and the rising air flow inside the transfer sleeve 4 is avoided;

[0041] See also Figure 7 A double-ended pyramid 403 is provided inside the transfer sleeve 4, wherein a downflow chamber 402 is provided above the double-ended pyramid 403, an upflow chamber 401 is provided below the double-ended pyramid 403, a lower conical surface 4032 is provided at one end of the double-ended pyramid 403, and an upper conical surface 4033 is provided at the other end of the double-ended pyramid 403, wherein a vertical flow channel 4031 is provided inside the double-ended pyramid 403, and both ends of the vertical flow channel 4031 extend to the upper conical surface 4033 and the lower conical surface 4032 respectively, and the vertical flow channel 4031 is distributed in an annular shape;

[0042] After falling into the transfer sleeve 4, the droplets will slide down along the upper conical surface 4033 of the double-ended pyramid 403. During the sliding process, most of the droplets will enter the vertical flow channel 4031, and vertically enter the rising flow chamber 401 along the vertical flow channel 4031, and then contact the rising hot air flow to evaporate through the hot air flow. After the evaporation operation is completed, the hot air flow will also enter the downflow chamber 402 along the lower conical surface 4032 to contact the droplets inside the downflow chamber 402. The design of the vertical flow channel 4031 can prevent the droplets from directly contacting the rising air flow, so that some small droplets are blown back into the evaporation chamber 302 due to the excessive lift of the air flow. At the same time, the design of the double-ended pyramid 403 can play a buffering and barrier role. The particles produced by evaporation will collide with the lower conical surface 4032 when blown back by the air flow, and fall into the combustion box 1 after multiple collisions.

[0043] Working principle: glyphosate mother liquid is poured into the liquid storage tank 2, and the booster pump assembly 201 transports the mother liquid in the tank to the inside of the evaporation tank 3 through the pipeline, and the combustion chamber 102 is heated to 700-1100°C by igniting the gas inside the combustion tank 1. The heat generated by the combustion enters the evaporation tank 3 upward through the transfer sleeve 4. The grid 3032 structure on the surface of the metal screen frame 303 can absorb heat and increase the temperature. At this time, the mother liquid is sprayed out through the valve nozzle 2043, and the spiral liquid distributor 2044 is used to disperse the mother liquid atomized into droplets. The droplets During the descent process, the liquid droplets come into contact with the rising high-temperature airflow inside the combustion box 1, and a violent heat and mass transfer effect occurs. The water and low-volatile organic matter therein are quickly removed, and the organic matter in the liquid droplets is decomposed. The low-volatile organic matter falls into the combustion box 1 under the influence of gravity, and is completely incinerated and decomposed after secondary heating. The decomposition temperature is 1100°C. The incineration residue is deposited inside the combustion box 1, waiting for comprehensive utilization treatment at a later stage. The high-temperature flue gas is discharged through the top window 301 for heat recovery and utilization. Finally, the flue gas enters the semi-dry desulfurization tower for recovery and treatment.

[0044] It should be noted that, in this article, relational terms such as first and second, etc. are only used to distinguish one entity or operation from another entity or operation, and do not necessarily require or imply any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Moreover, the terms "include", "comprise" or any other variants thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, so that a process, method, article or device including a series of elements includes not only those elements, but also other elements not explicitly listed, or also includes elements inherent to such process, method, article or device.

[0045] While the embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that many changes, modifications, substitutions and variations can be made to the embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention.

Claims

1. A water preparation device based on the purification treatment of glyphosate mother liquor, characterized in that: The invention comprises a combustion box (1) and an evaporation box (3), wherein a transfer sleeve (4) is arranged between the combustion box (1) and the evaporation box (3), and the transfer sleeve (4) is respectively connected to the combustion box (1) and the evaporation box (3) through flanges; a liquid storage tank (2) is arranged at one end of the combustion box (1), and a booster pump assembly (201) is arranged at one side of the liquid storage tank (2); wherein a delivery pipe (202) is arranged at one side of the booster pump assembly (201), and the delivery pipe (202) extends to the interior of the evaporation box (3).

2. The aqueous preparation production device based on the glyphosate mother liquor purification treatment according to claim 1 is characterized in that: A smoke side window (101) is arranged above the other end of the combustion box (1), and an incineration chamber (102) is arranged inside the combustion box (1), wherein a combustion exhaust pipe (103) is arranged at the bottom of the incineration chamber (102), and the combustion exhaust pipe (103) is arranged in an S-shaped distribution, and an ignition nozzle (1031) is arranged on the outer surface of the combustion exhaust pipe (103), and a switching valve port (1032) is arranged at the bottom of the combustion exhaust pipe (103), wherein the switching valve port (1032) is installed on the outside of the combustion box (1).

3. The aqueous preparation production device based on the glyphosate mother liquor purification treatment according to claim 2 is characterized in that: An evaporation chamber (302) is arranged inside the evaporation box (3), a top window (301) is arranged on the top of the evaporation chamber (302), a plurality of metal sieve frames (303) are arranged inside the evaporation chamber (302), the metal sieve frames (303) are connected to the evaporation box (3) by bolts, and a diversion pipe (204) is arranged below the metal sieve frames (303).

4. The aqueous preparation production device based on the glyphosate mother liquor purification treatment according to claim 3 is characterized in that: The metal screen frame (303) comprises a surrounding plate (3031) and a mesh frame (3032), wherein the mesh frame (3032) is installed on the upper and lower sides of the surrounding plate (3031), and the diversion pipeline (204) is connected to the delivery pipeline (202) via a flow control valve (203), and both sides of the diversion pipeline (204) are provided with an integrally formed diversion pipe (2041).

5. The aqueous preparation production device based on the glyphosate mother liquor purification treatment according to claim 4 is characterized in that: An elbow (2042) is provided at one end of the branch pipe (2041), and a valve nozzle (2043) is provided below the elbow (2042), wherein the valve nozzle (2043) and the elbow (2042) are connected via an internal thread, and a spiral liquid distributor (2044) is provided on the outer surface of the valve nozzle (2043), and the spiral liquid distributor (2044) and the valve nozzle (2043) are connected by welding.

6. The aqueous preparation production device based on the glyphosate mother liquor purification treatment according to claim 5 is characterized in that: A partition (304) is provided below the diversion pipe (204), and the partition (304) is connected to the evaporation box (3) by bolts. A leak hole (3041) is provided on the outer surface of the partition (304), and the leak hole (3041) is located directly below the valve mouth (2043).

7. The aqueous preparation production device based on the purification treatment of glyphosate mother liquor according to claim 1, characterized in that: A double-ended pyramid (403) is arranged inside the transfer sleeve (4), wherein a downflow chamber (402) is arranged above the double-ended pyramid (403), and an upflow chamber (401) is arranged below the double-ended pyramid (403); a lower conical surface (4032) is arranged at one end of the double-ended pyramid (403), and an upper conical surface (4033) is arranged at the other end of the double-ended pyramid (403); wherein a vertical flow channel (4031) is arranged inside the double-ended pyramid (403), and two ends of the vertical flow channel (4031) extend to the upper conical surface (4033) and the lower conical surface (4032) respectively, and the vertical flow channel (4031) is distributed in an annular shape.

8. A method for producing an aqueous preparation based on the purification of glyphosate mother liquor, which is implemented based on the aqueous preparation based on the purification of glyphosate mother liquor according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that: Step 1: Pour the glyphosate mother liquid into the liquid storage tank (2), and the booster pump assembly (201) transports the mother liquid in the tank to the inside of the evaporation tank (3) through a pipeline, and the inside of the combustion tank (1) is burned by igniting the gas, and the temperature of the combustion chamber (102) is raised to 700-1100° C.; Step 2: The heat generated by the combustion enters the evaporation box (3) upward through the transfer sleeve (4), and the mesh frame (3032) structure on the surface of the metal screen frame (303) absorbs the heat to increase the temperature. At this time, the mother liquid is sprayed out through the valve nozzle (2043), and the spiral liquid distributor (2044) is used to disperse the mother liquid atomized into droplets; Step 3: The liquid droplets come into contact with the rising high-temperature airflow inside the combustion box (1) during the descending process; Step 4: The low volatile organic matter falls into the combustion box (1) under the influence of gravity, and is completely burned and decomposed after secondary heating, with the decomposition temperature being 1100° C., and the incineration residue is deposited inside the combustion box (1); Step 5: The high-temperature flue gas is discharged through the top window (301) for heat recovery and utilization, and finally the flue gas enters a semi-dry desulfurization tower for recovery and treatment.

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