Amplitude and phase calibration method for antenna environment effect parameter test

Abstract

The invention belongs to the field of antenna environment effect parameter testing, and particularly relates to an amplitude-phase calibration method for antenna environment effect parameter testing. The method comprises the following steps: measuring two groups of multi-dimensional vector data of a standard calibration antenna with or without a heat preservation wave-transparent cover to obtain basic calibration data; a wave-transparent cover insertion loss compensation factor S cover and an environmental influence compensation factor S environment are obtained through vector operation of basic calibration data, and then the two compensation factors are utilized to calibrate the amplitude-phase error of actual measurement data; and further mode filtering processing is performed on the data after amplitude-phase error compensation, so that the influence of the reflection error of the wave-transparent cover is further eliminated, and the test precision is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the field of antenna environmental effect parameter testing, and in particular relates to an amplitude and phase calibration method for antenna environmental effect parameter testing. Background Art

[0002] Antenna application scenarios are becoming more and more complex, and the impact of changes in temperature and humidity on antenna radiation and reception performance can no longer be ignored. The measurement of antenna performance indicators under different temperature and humidity conditions has become a focus of attention in the fields of radar, communications, etc.

[0003] At present, both at home and abroad, there are antenna environmental effect parameter test systems with precise and controllable temperature functions. One of the implementation methods is to use low-dielectric wave-transmitting materials to design a wave-transmitting thermal insulation cover, build a local temperature-controllable test space in the thermal insulation cover, and place the antenna under test in the space to achieve antenna environmental effect parameter testing. However, when this type of test system is working, the low-dielectric wave-transmitting materials on the transmission path of the transceiver antenna show different electromagnetic wave attenuation characteristics at different temperatures and frequencies. In addition, the test cables, adapters and other components in the thermal insulation cover of the test system also have this problem. The performance differences of the thermal insulation cover, test cables, adapters, etc. under different temperature environments will lead to errors in the antenna environmental effect parameter test. In order to improve the test accuracy, it is necessary to perform system-level electromagnetic wave signal amplitude and phase calibration compensation for the antenna environmental effect parameter test equipment using the thermal insulation cover solution.

[0004] In the prior art, the typical components of antenna environmental effect parameter testing equipment based on wave-transmitting thermal insulation cover are as follows: Figure 1As shown, it includes an environmental control device and a wave-transmitting heat-insulating cover. The environmental control device generates temperature and humidity controllable gas, which circulates in the local space formed by the wave-transmitting heat-insulating cover, thereby providing a test environment with variable and controllable temperature and humidity for the antenna under test working in the local space. The electromagnetic wave transmission characteristics of components such as the wave-transmitting thermal insulation cover, cables, and adapters are different under different temperature and humidity environments, and there are certain amplitude and phase differences. In order to compensate for the antenna environmental effect parameter test error caused by the amplitude and phase difference of the transmission signal, the existing amplitude and phase error test calibration process is as follows: (1) Remove the wave-transmitting thermal insulation cover, align the transmitting and receiving antennas, and test the amplitude and phase signals of the swept frequency transmission signal; (2) Keep the antenna aligned, install the wave-transmitting thermal insulation cover, and test the amplitude and phase signals of the swept frequency transmission signal; (3) Subtract the two sets of data vectors and use them as the insulation cover insertion loss compensation factor to calibrate the influence of the insulation cover; (4) Keep the antenna aligned, install the wave-transmitting thermal insulation cover, set different temperatures and humidities, test the amplitude and phase signals of the swept frequency transmission signal and store them; (5) Calculate the amplitude and phase difference of the transmission signal under different temperatures and humidities, and use it as the environmental compensation factor to calibrate the impact of environmental changes on the test equipment; (6) Replace the antenna under test, set different temperatures and humidities, test the amplitude and phase signals of the swept frequency transmission signal and store them, bring in the calibration factor correction data, and complete the error correction process. However, the above existing amplitude and phase calibration technology can only collect calibration data at fixed positions of the transmitting and receiving antennas, such as Figure 2 As shown in the figure, when the test probe moves from position 1 to other actual sampling positions x, the calibration data corresponding to position x is missing, and the actual working area of ​​the insulation cover cannot be covered, and the test information is incomplete. In addition, due to the influence of electromagnetic parameters such as the dielectric constant of the insulation cover, the inner and outer walls in contact with the air will have electromagnetic wave reflection phenomena, and multiple reflected electromagnetic waves will eventually be superimposed on the single direct electromagnetic wave actually required, further introducing amplitude and phase errors. The existing amplitude and phase error test calibration processing method does not take this error term into account, and has the disadvantage of imperfect calibration. Summary of the invention

[0005] In response to the above technical problems, the present invention provides an amplitude and phase calibration method for antenna environmental effect parameter testing, which realizes system amplitude and phase calibration through multi-dimensional data collection at different temperatures and humidities, different frequencies, and different position angles, and a data processing method, thereby improving calibration efficiency and accuracy.

[0006] The present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:

[0007] An amplitude and phase calibration method for antenna environmental effect parameter testing, the amplitude and phase calibration method comprising:

[0008] Step 1: Obtain the spatial transmission vector data matrix S1 containing two variables, position and frequency, and two quantitative variables, temperature and humidity, when there is no thermal insulation cover; and obtain the spatial transmission vector data matrix S2 containing four variables, position, frequency, temperature and humidity, when there is a thermal insulation cover; according to the two sets of multidimensional vector data of the spatial transmission vector data matrix S1 and the spatial transmission vector data matrix S2, complete the acquisition of the wave-transmitting cover insertion loss compensation factor and the environmental impact compensation factor, and perform initial calibration on the test data;

[0009] Step 2: Perform mode domain filtering on the data after initial calibration to eliminate the influence of the antenna cover reflection error and complete the amplitude and phase calibration of the antenna environmental effect parameter test data.

[0010] Furthermore, in step 1, the method for obtaining the spatial transmission vector data matrix S1 and the spatial transmission vector data matrix S2 is:

[0011] (1) Control the temperature and humidity in the test and calibration site to ensure that the temperature change range is within ±1°C and the humidity change range is within ±4%RH;

[0012] (2) removing the wave-transmitting heat-insulating cover, connecting the standard calibration antenna and the microwave millimeter-wave amplitude and phase test equipment through a radio frequency cable, and connecting the microwave millimeter-wave amplitude and phase test equipment and the test probe through a radio frequency cable; adjusting the position and polarization angle rotation direction of the standard calibration antenna and the test probe so that the polarization directions of the two are consistent, and both are horizontal polarization or vertical polarization;

[0013] (3) Setting parameter information of the microwave millimeter wave amplitude and phase test equipment;

[0014] The test probe is fixedly set at the end of a mechanical device, and the mechanical device is used to drive the test probe to move on a spherical sampling track, and the spherical sampling track takes the standard calibration antenna as the center; the motion parameters of the mechanical device are set, the temperature and humidity sensors of the environmental control device are turned on, and the test is waited for;

[0015] (4) Control the movement of the mechanical equipment to form a spherical sampling trajectory between the standard calibration antenna and the test probe; at each sampling position on the spherical sampling trajectory, control the microwave millimeter wave amplitude and phase test equipment to complete the acquisition and storage of amplitude and phase data at a series of different frequency points, and simultaneously record the temperature and humidity information measured by the temperature and humidity sensors of the environmental control equipment;

[0016] (5) Complete data collection for each sampling position on the entire spherical sampling trajectory, and obtain a spatial transmission vector data matrix S1 containing two variables, position and frequency, and two quantitative variables, temperature and humidity, when there is no thermal insulation cover;

[0017] (6) Keep the equipment connection status unchanged, keep the parameter information of the microwave millimeter wave amplitude and phase test equipment unchanged, and keep the motion parameters of the mechanical equipment unchanged, and install and fix the wave-transmitting thermal insulation cover;

[0018] (7) Taking the temperature and humidity during the test without a thermal insulation cover as the benchmark, taking the working temperature range and working humidity range of the antenna environmental effect parameter test equipment as the boundary, and taking 1°C and 4%RH as the positive and negative step values, the temperature and humidity parameter combination inside the thermal insulation cover is set in sequence through the environmental control equipment. After the temperature and humidity inside the thermal insulation cover are stable, repeat steps (3)-(5) according to the amplitude and phase data acquisition process when there is no thermal insulation cover, and complete the spatial transmission vector data matrix S2 containing the four variables of position, frequency, temperature and humidity in the state with the thermal insulation cover.

[0019] Furthermore, in step 1, according to two sets of multi-dimensional vector data, namely, the spatial transmission vector data matrix S1 and the spatial transmission vector data matrix S2, the acquisition of the wave-transmitting cover insertion loss compensation factor and the environmental impact compensation factor is completed, and the test data is initially calibrated; specifically:

[0020] The two sets of multidimensional vector data, spatial transmission vector data matrix S1 and spatial transmission vector data matrix S2, are used as basic amplitude and phase calibration data to extract the insertion loss compensation factor S of the transparent cover. 罩 and environmental impact compensation factor S 环境 :

[0021] Transparent cover insertion loss compensation factor S 罩 The following is obtained by vector subtraction of two sets of measurement data with and without a wave-transmitting thermal insulation cover using the same standard calibration antenna:

[0022] S 罩 =S2(frequency, position, constant temperature, constant humidity)-S1(frequency, position, constant temperature, constant humidity);

[0023] Environmental impact compensation factor S 环境 The following is obtained by vector subtraction of two sets of measurement data under different temperature and humidity environments in the presence of a wave-transmitting thermal insulation cover:

[0024] S 环境 =S2(frequency, position, temperature, humidity)-S2(frequency, position, constant temperature, constant humidity);

[0025] The measured electromagnetic parameter test data of the antenna under test at different temperatures, humidity and frequencies are expressed as follows:

[0026] S 测试 (frequency, location, temperature, humidity) = S 罩 +S 实际 (frequency, location, temperature, humidity)+S 环境 ;

[0027] After the initial calibration and compensation processing of the test data, the effective data is expressed as:

[0028] S 实际 (frequency, location, temperature, humidity) = S 测试 (frequency, location, temperature, humidity)-S 罩 -S 环境 .

[0029] Furthermore, step 2 is specifically as follows:

[0030] S 实际 The data of (frequency, position, temperature, humidity) is multidimensional data related to frequency, position, temperature, and humidity. 实际 (frequency, position, temperature, humidity) has fixed temperature, fixed humidity, and fixed frequency data, then S 实际 It is the data related to the spatial spherical coordinate position, expressed as: The data contains multiple reflection signals from the wave-transmitting thermal insulation cover, which are suppressed and corrected through data processing:

[0031] According to the spherical wave mode theory, Expanding by spherical waves:

[0032]

[0033]

[0034] Among them, (γ, θ, φ) are the three components of spherical coordinates; N is the order of the highest-order mode in the antenna field expansion, Where R is the radius of the sphere in the spherical scanning test with the origin as the center; n and m are variables with a maximum value of N, expressed as n = 1, 2, 3, ... N; m = 0, ± 1, ± 2, ± 3, ..., ± n; mode coefficient a mn and b mn Corresponding to and The complex amplitude of the mode; is the associated Legendre function,

[0035] According to the physical size of the antenna under test, the minimum R is selected so that only the antenna under test is surrounded by the sphere of radius R. The clutter and noise are outside the sphere where the radius R is located. The corresponding N value is calculated, and the superimposed noise caused by multiple reflections of the insulation cover is eliminated by mode filtering. The filter function is designed as follows:

[0036]

[0037] According to the following data processing formula: Combined with the spherical wave mode expansion theory, further amplitude and phase error correction of antenna environmental effect parameter test data is completed.

[0038] Beneficial technical effects of the present invention:

[0039] The calibration data finally obtained by the amplitude and phase calibration method provided by the present invention covers the actual working area of ​​the thermal insulation cover, the test information is more comprehensive, the calibration is more perfect, and the result is more accurate.

[0040] The amplitude and phase calibration method of the present invention takes into account the electromagnetic wave reflection phenomenon of the inner and outer walls of the thermal insulation cover, and uses multiple reflected electromagnetic wave interference signals as error terms, which are eliminated through a signal processing algorithm to further improve the calibration effect. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0041] Figure 1 The present invention is a typical block diagram of the antenna environmental effect parameter testing equipment based on the wave-transmitting thermal insulation cover in the prior art.

[0042] Figure 2 This is an analysis diagram of amplitude and phase errors in antenna environmental effect parameter testing based on a wave-transmitting thermal insulation cover in the prior art;

[0043] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the amplitude and phase calibration method for antenna environmental effect parameter testing in an embodiment of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0044] In order to make the purpose, technical solution and advantages of the present invention more clearly understood, the present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present invention and are not used to limit the present invention.

[0045] On the contrary, the present invention covers any substitution, modification, equivalent method and scheme made on the essence and scope of the present invention as defined by the claims. Further, in order to make the public have a better understanding of the present invention, some specific details are described in detail in the detailed description of the present invention below. Those skilled in the art can fully understand the present invention without the description of these details.

[0046] The amplitude and phase calibration device used in the present invention for antenna environmental effect parameter testing is as follows: Figure 3As shown, it includes antenna environmental effect parameter testing equipment and mechanical equipment 6; wherein, the antenna environmental effect parameter testing equipment used is conventional equipment, and the antenna environmental effect parameter testing equipment includes a standard calibration antenna 1, a test probe 2, a microwave millimeter wave amplitude and phase testing equipment 3, an environmental control equipment 4 and a wave-transmitting thermal insulation cover 5; wherein, the microwave millimeter wave amplitude and phase testing equipment 3 is connected to the standard calibration antenna 1 and the test probe 2 through a radio frequency cable; the mechanical equipment 6 is connected to the test probe 2, and the test probe is driven to move on a spherical sampling trajectory by controlling the mechanical equipment 6, and the spherical sampling trajectory takes the standard calibration antenna as the center of the circle, and the radius of the spherical sampling trajectory should be greater than the outer diameter of the wave-transmitting thermal insulation cover, and the specific value is set according to the size of the antenna to be tested and the operating frequency; so that the standard calibration antenna 1 and the test probe 2 are formed as follows Figure 3 The spherical motion trajectory shown.

[0047] The mechanical equipment 6 includes an L-shaped φ-axis rotation mechanism, a T-shaped θ-axis rotation mechanism, and a polarization axis rotation mechanism; the L-shaped φ-axis rotation mechanism includes an L-shaped bracket and a 360° rotating turntable, the L-shaped bracket is placed on the turntable, and the φ-axis rotation of the L-shaped bracket is achieved by rotating the turntable; the T-shaped rotation mechanism includes a T-shaped bracket and a 180° rotating turntable, the T-shaped bracket is composed of a horizontal cross bar and a vertical short bar, the horizontal cross bar can move up and down along the vertical short bar to achieve the adjustment of the spherical scanning radius, one end of the vertical short bar is fixed on the 180° rotating turntable, and the θ-axis rotation of the T-shaped bracket is achieved by rotating the turntable; the polarization axis rotation mechanism is installed at the end of the horizontal cross bar of the T-shaped bracket, and the polarization axis rotation mechanism is used to connect and install the test probe to achieve the adjustment of the polarization angle of the test probe.

[0048] The method provided by the present invention makes full use of antenna environmental effect parameter testing equipment, and improves the calibration test efficiency and accuracy through the innovation of test flow and data processing method.

[0049] The present invention provides an embodiment of an amplitude-phase calibration method for antenna environmental effect parameter testing, the amplitude-phase calibration method comprising:

[0050] Step 1: Obtain the spatial transmission vector data matrix S1 containing two variables, position and frequency, and two quantitative variables, temperature and humidity, when there is no thermal insulation cover; and obtain the spatial transmission vector data matrix S2 containing four variables, position, frequency, temperature and humidity, when there is a thermal insulation cover; according to the two sets of multidimensional vector data of the spatial transmission vector data matrix S1 and the spatial transmission vector data matrix S2, complete the acquisition of the wave-transmitting cover insertion loss compensation factor and the environmental impact compensation factor, and perform initial calibration on the test data;

[0051] Step 2: Perform mode domain filtering on the data after initial calibration to eliminate the influence of the antenna cover reflection error and complete the amplitude and phase calibration of the antenna environmental effect parameter test data.

[0052] In step 1 of this embodiment, the method for obtaining the spatial transmission vector data matrix S1 and the spatial transmission vector data matrix S2 is:

[0053] (1) Control the temperature and humidity in the test and calibration site to ensure that the temperature change range is within ±1°C and the humidity change range is within ±4%RH; specifically, the test and calibration site refers to the room where the equipment is located when the antenna environmental effect parameter test is performed, or other base space used for test and calibration;

[0054] (2) removing the wave-transmitting heat-insulating cover, connecting the standard calibration antenna and the microwave millimeter-wave amplitude and phase test equipment through a radio frequency cable, and connecting the microwave millimeter-wave amplitude and phase test equipment and the test probe through a radio frequency cable; adjusting the position and polarization angle rotation direction of the standard calibration antenna and the test probe so that the polarization directions of the two are consistent, and both are horizontal polarization or vertical polarization;

[0055] (3) Setting the amplitude and phase measurement parameter information of the microwave millimeter wave amplitude and phase test, wherein the parameter information includes power, frequency, intermediate frequency bandwidth and measurement parameters; the measurement parameters include amplitude measurement parameters and phase measurement parameters;

[0056] The test probe is fixedly set at the end of a mechanical device, and the mechanical device is used to drive the test probe to move on a spherical sampling track, and the spherical sampling track takes the standard calibration antenna as the center; the motion parameters of the mechanical device are set, the temperature and humidity sensors of the environmental control device are turned on, and the test is waited for;

[0057] The standard calibration antenna is used as the coordinate origin to form a spherical coordinate system. The distance between the test probe and the coordinate origin is r. The X and Y axes of the spherical coordinate system are located in the horizontal plane where the standard calibration antenna is located. The angle between the line connecting the coordinate origin and the test probe and the Z axis is θ. ， The angle between the projection line of the line connecting the coordinate origin and the test probe on the XY plane and the X-axis is φ;

[0058] The motion parameters of the mechanical device include the angle θ and angle φ range corresponding to the test probe, the angle step interval, and the movement speed of the mechanical device;

[0059] (4) Control the movement of the mechanical equipment to form a spherical sampling trajectory between the standard calibration antenna and the test probe; at each sampling position on the spherical sampling trajectory, control the microwave millimeter wave amplitude and phase test equipment to complete the acquisition and storage of amplitude and phase data at a series of different frequency points, and simultaneously record the temperature and humidity information measured by the temperature and humidity sensors of the environmental control equipment;

[0060] (5) Complete data collection for each sampling position on the entire spherical sampling trajectory, and obtain a spatial transmission vector data matrix S1 containing two variables, position and frequency, and two quantitative variables, temperature and humidity, when there is no thermal insulation cover;

[0061] (6) Keep the equipment connection status unchanged, keep the parameter information of the microwave millimeter wave amplitude and phase test equipment unchanged (i.e., the power, frequency, intermediate frequency bandwidth, measurement parameters and other information settings unchanged), and keep the motion parameters of the mechanical equipment unchanged (i.e., the angle θ and angle φ range corresponding to the test probe, the angle step interval, and the movement speed of the mechanical equipment), and install and fix the wave-transmitting thermal insulation cover;

[0062] (7) Taking the temperature and humidity during the test without a thermal insulation cover as the benchmark, taking the working temperature range and working humidity range of the antenna environmental effect parameter test equipment as the boundary, and taking 1°C and 4%RH as the positive and negative step values, the temperature and humidity parameter combination inside the thermal insulation cover is set in sequence through the environmental control equipment. After the temperature and humidity inside the thermal insulation cover are stable, repeat steps (3)-(5) according to the amplitude and phase data acquisition process when there is no thermal insulation cover, and complete the spatial transmission vector data matrix S2 containing the four variables of position, frequency, temperature and humidity in the state with the thermal insulation cover.

[0063] In step 1 of this embodiment, based on two sets of multidimensional vector data, namely, the spatial transmission vector data matrix S1 and the spatial transmission vector data matrix S2, the acquisition of the wave-transmitting cover insertion loss compensation factor and the environmental impact compensation factor is completed, and the test data is initially calibrated; specifically:

[0064] The two sets of multidimensional vector data, spatial transmission vector data matrix S1 and spatial transmission vector data matrix S2, are used as basic amplitude and phase calibration data to extract the insertion loss compensation factor S of the transparent cover. 罩 and environmental impact compensation factor S 环境 :

[0065] Transparent cover insertion loss compensation factor S 罩 It is caused by the presence of a thermal insulation cover in the test signal propagation path. The insertion loss compensation factor S of the thermal insulation cover is 罩 The following is obtained by vector subtraction of two sets of measurement data with and without a wave-transmitting thermal insulation cover using the same standard calibration antenna:

[0066] S 罩 =S2(frequency, position, constant temperature, constant humidity)-S1(frequency, position, constant temperature, constant humidity);

[0067] Environmental impact compensation factor S 环境 It is caused by the change of temperature and humidity in the thermal insulation cover, cables, adapters and other equipment. The environmental impact compensation factor S 环境 The following is obtained by vector subtraction of two sets of measurement data under different temperature and humidity environments in the presence of a wave-transmitting thermal insulation cover:

[0068] S 环境 =S2(frequency, position, temperature, humidity)-S2(frequency, position, constant temperature, constant humidity);

[0069] The measured electromagnetic parameter test data of the antenna under test at different temperatures, humidity and frequencies are expressed as follows:

[0070] S 测试 (frequency, location, temperature, humidity) = S 罩 +S 实际 (frequency, location, temperature, humidity)+S 环境 ;

[0071] After the initial calibration and compensation processing of the test data, the effective data is expressed as:

[0072] S 实际 (frequency, location, temperature, humidity) = S 测试 (frequency, location, temperature, humidity)-S 罩 -S 环境 .

[0073] In this embodiment, step 2 is specifically as follows:

[0074] S 实际 The data of (frequency, position, temperature, humidity) is multidimensional data related to frequency, position, temperature, and humidity. 实际 (frequency, position, temperature, humidity) has fixed temperature, fixed humidity, and fixed frequency data, then S 实际 It is the data related to the spatial spherical coordinate position, expressed as: The data contains multiple reflection signals from the wave-transmitting thermal insulation cover, which are suppressed and corrected through data processing:

[0075] According to the spherical wave mode theory, Expanding by spherical waves:

[0076]

[0077]

[0078] Among them, (γ, θ, φ) are the three components of spherical coordinates; N is the order of the highest-order mode in the antenna field expansion, Where R is the radius of the sphere in the spherical scanning test with the origin as the center; n and m are variables with a maximum value of N, expressed as n = 1, 2, 3, ... N; m = 0, ± 1, ± 2, ± 3, ..., ± n; mode coefficient a mn and b mn Corresponding to and The complex amplitude of the mode; is the associated Legendre function,

[0079] According to the physical size of the antenna under test, the minimum R is selected so that only the antenna under test is surrounded by the sphere of radius R. The clutter and noise are outside the sphere where the radius R is located. The corresponding N value is calculated, and the superimposed noise caused by multiple reflections of the insulation cover is eliminated by mode filtering. The filter function is designed as follows:

[0080]

[0081] According to the following data processing formula: Combined with the spherical wave mode expansion theory, further amplitude and phase error correction of antenna environmental effect parameter test data is completed.

[0082] The amplitude and phase calibration method provided by the present invention obtains basic calibration data by measuring two sets of multi-dimensional vector data of the standard calibration antenna with and without the thermal insulation transparent cover; and obtains the transparent cover insertion loss compensation factor S by vector operation of the basic calibration data. 罩 , Environmental impact compensation factor S 环境 , and then use these two compensation factors to calibrate the amplitude and phase errors of the actual measured data; and by further performing pattern filtering on the data after amplitude and phase error compensation, the influence of the reflection error of the wave-transparent cover is further eliminated to improve the test accuracy.

[0083] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. An amplitude and phase calibration method for antenna environmental effect parameter testing, characterized in that: The amplitude and phase calibration method comprises: Step 1: Obtain the spatial transmission vector data matrix S1 containing two variables, position and frequency, and two quantitative variables, temperature and humidity, when there is no thermal insulation cover; and obtain the spatial transmission vector data matrix S2 containing four variables, position, frequency, temperature and humidity, when there is a thermal insulation cover; according to the two sets of multidimensional vector data of the spatial transmission vector data matrix S1 and the spatial transmission vector data matrix S2, complete the acquisition of the wave-transmitting cover insertion loss compensation factor and the environmental impact compensation factor, and perform initial calibration on the test data; Step 2: Perform mode domain filtering on the data after initial calibration to eliminate the influence of the antenna cover reflection error and complete the amplitude and phase calibration of the antenna environmental effect parameter test data.

2. The amplitude and phase calibration method for antenna environmental effect parameter testing according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step 1, the method for obtaining the spatial transmission vector data matrix S1 and the spatial transmission vector data matrix S2 is: (1) Control the temperature and humidity in the test and calibration site to ensure that the temperature change range is within ±1°C and the humidity change range is within ±4%RH; (2) Remove the wave-transmitting heat-insulating cover, connect the standard calibration antenna and the microwave millimeter-wave amplitude and phase test equipment through a radio frequency cable, and connect the microwave millimeter-wave amplitude and phase test equipment and the test probe through a radio frequency cable; Adjust the position and polarization angle of the standard calibration antenna and the test probe so that the polarization directions of the two are consistent, that is, horizontal polarization or vertical polarization; (3) Setting parameter information of the microwave millimeter wave amplitude and phase test equipment; The test probe is fixedly set at the end of a mechanical device, and the mechanical device is used to drive the test probe to move on a spherical sampling track, and the spherical sampling track takes the standard calibration antenna as the center; the motion parameters of the mechanical device are set, the temperature and humidity sensors of the environmental control device are turned on, and the test is waited for; (4) Control the movement of the mechanical equipment to form a spherical sampling trajectory between the standard calibration antenna and the test probe; at each sampling position on the spherical sampling trajectory, control the microwave millimeter wave amplitude and phase test equipment to complete the acquisition and storage of amplitude and phase data at a series of different frequency points, and simultaneously record the temperature and humidity information measured by the temperature and humidity sensors of the environmental control equipment; (5) Complete data collection for each sampling position on the entire spherical sampling trajectory, and obtain a spatial transmission vector data matrix S1 containing two variables, position and frequency, and two quantitative variables, temperature and humidity, when there is no thermal insulation cover; (6) Keep the equipment connection status unchanged, keep the parameter information of the microwave millimeter wave amplitude and phase test equipment unchanged, and keep the motion parameters of the mechanical equipment unchanged, and install and fix the wave-transmitting thermal insulation cover; (7) Taking the temperature and humidity during the test without a thermal insulation cover as the benchmark, taking the working temperature range and working humidity range of the antenna environmental effect parameter test equipment as the boundary, and taking 1°C and 4%RH as the positive and negative step values, the temperature and humidity parameter combination inside the thermal insulation cover is set in sequence through the environmental control equipment. After the temperature and humidity inside the thermal insulation cover are stable, repeat steps (3)-(5) according to the amplitude and phase data acquisition process when there is no thermal insulation cover, and complete the spatial transmission vector data matrix S2 containing the four variables of position, frequency, temperature and humidity in the state with the thermal insulation cover.

3. The amplitude and phase calibration method for antenna environmental effect parameter testing according to claim 2, characterized in that: In step 1, based on two sets of multi-dimensional vector data, namely, the spatial transmission vector data matrix S1 and the spatial transmission vector data matrix S2, the insertion loss compensation factor of the wave-transmitting cover and the environmental impact compensation factor are obtained, and the test data is initially calibrated; Specifically: The two sets of multidimensional vector data, spatial transmission vector data matrix S1 and spatial transmission vector data matrix S2, are used as basic amplitude and phase calibration data to extract the insertion loss compensation factor S of the transparent cover. 罩 and environmental impact compensation factor S 环境 : Transparent cover insertion loss compensation factor S 罩 The following is obtained by vector subtraction of two sets of measurement data with and without a wave-transmitting thermal insulation cover using the same standard calibration antenna: S 罩 =S2(frequency, position, constant temperature, constant humidity)-S1(frequency, position, constant temperature, constant humidity); Environmental impact compensation factor S 环境 The following is obtained by vector subtraction of two sets of measurement data under different temperature and humidity environments in the presence of a wave-transmitting thermal insulation cover: S 环境 =S2(frequency, position, temperature, humidity)-S2(frequency, position, constant temperature, constant humidity); The measured electromagnetic parameter test data of the antenna under test at different temperatures, humidity and frequencies are expressed as follows: S 测试 frequency, location, temperature, humidity) = S 罩 +S 实际 (frequency, location, temperature, humidity)+S 环境 ; After the initial calibration and compensation processing of the test data, the effective data is expressed as: S 实际 frequency, location, temperature, humidity) = S 测试 (frequency, location, temperature, humidity)-S 罩 -S 环境 .

4. The amplitude and phase calibration method for antenna environmental effect parameter testing according to claim 1, characterized in that: Step 2 is as follows: S 实际 The data of (frequency, position, temperature, humidity) is multidimensional data related to frequency, position, temperature, and humidity. 实际 (frequency, position, temperature, humidity) has fixed temperature, fixed humidity, and fixed frequency data, then S 实际 It is the data related to the spatial spherical coordinate position, expressed as: The data contains multiple reflection signals from the wave-transmitting thermal insulation cover, which are suppressed and corrected through data processing: According to the spherical wave mode theory, Expanding by spherical waves: Among them, (γ, θ, φ) are the three components of spherical coordinates; N is the order of the highest-order mode in the antenna field expansion, Where R is the radius of the sphere in the spherical scanning test with the origin as the center; n and m are variables with a maximum value of N, expressed as n = 1, 2, 3, ... N; m = 0, ± 1, ± 2, ± 3, ..., ± n; mode coefficient a mn and b mn Corresponding to and The complex amplitude of the mode; is the associated Legendre function, According to the physical size of the antenna under test, the minimum R is selected so that only the antenna under test is surrounded by the sphere of radius R. The clutter and noise are outside the sphere where the radius R is located. The corresponding N value is calculated, and the superimposed noise caused by multiple reflections of the insulation cover is eliminated by mode filtering. The filter function is designed as follows: According to the following data processing formula: Combined with the spherical wave mode expansion theory, further amplitude and phase error correction of antenna environmental effect parameter test data is completed.

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