Radar system

Abstract

The invention relates to a radar system (1) having at least one antenna unit (25) and a vehicle component (2), a plurality of antenna elements (7) of the respective antenna unit (25) arranged on the vehicle component (2) being provided for emitting radar radiation (3) in the form of radar lobes (4). According to the invention, the antenna elements (7) are mounted as an antenna array (6) on a carrier body (8) of the respective antenna unit (25), which carrier body is arranged at a flip angle (10) with respect to the surface of the vehicle component (2), and the emitted radar radiation (3) is polarized in a parallel direction (16) with respect to the plane of incidence onto the vehicle component (2) or with respect to the ground. Furthermore, the control network (17) is designed to control the antenna elements (7) in a phase-shifted manner by means of such a phase shift in such a way that the radar lobes (4) are oriented in a desired reference preferred direction (5).

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to a radar system. Background Art

[0002] Driver assistance systems are increasingly being used in vehicles in order to assist or relieve the driver of the vehicle in certain driving situations. Such driver assistance systems are currently used in vehicles in a wide variety of embodiments, for example as lane keeping assistance systems, emergency brake assistance systems, overtaking assistance systems, distance assistance systems, turn assistance systems or parking assistance systems.

[0003] Part of such driver assistance systems is a sensor system suitable for the respective application for emitting and detecting electromagnetic radiation in different wavelength ranges or frequency ranges. For this purpose, radar systems with one or more antenna units are usually used, which radiate high-frequency electromagnetic waves via an integrated radar antenna, receive reflections from the vehicle's surroundings and analyze these reflections.

[0004] The radar antenna of one or more antenna units of a radar system, which is protected by a so-called radome, is designed in such a way that it meets application-specific specifications with regard to spatial radiation characteristics, reception characteristics and frequency behavior. Since the one or more antenna units are usually installed concealed behind plastic parts of the vehicle body, the radar antenna must radiate not only through the radome protecting the radar antenna or the housing of the one or more antenna units, but also through these plastic parts of the vehicle body. Therefore, the radome of the one or more radar antennas and the plastic parts of the vehicle body are designed in such a way that they are as transparent as possible at the radar frequency of the radar antenna used.

[0005] Antenna types typically used as radar antennas radiate high-frequency electromagnetic waves primarily perpendicular to their surface. This means that the antenna element is usually mounted perpendicular to its radiation direction, while the plastic layer in front of the antenna element is usually oriented slightly flipped relative to this radiation direction, so that no standing waves can be generated between the surface of the radar antenna and the surface of the radome on the one hand and between the plastic layers of the plastic component on the other hand.

[0006] In order to avoid this problem, antenna units are also used in which the radar antenna is not mounted behind a plastic part of the vehicle body but instead is mounted directly on a vehicle component provided for this purpose, for example on the windshield of the vehicle.

[0007] For this purpose, DE 10 2018 212 287 A1 discloses a windshield radar having a generator unit and an antenna unit coupled to the generator unit via at least one conductor, the antenna unit having a plurality of individual radiators arranged in a spatially distributed manner. The individual radiators of the antenna unit are arranged along an axis that extends at an acute angle to the main propagation direction of the electromagnetic waves radiated by the antenna unit. The antennas of the antenna unit that are linearly arranged along a line are oriented parallel to the windshield, that is, the antennas of the antenna unit are arranged at the same angle as the windshield.

[0008] Furthermore, US 2016 / 0093944 A1 discloses a radar device for a vehicle in the form of a horn and in the form of a waveguide, which has a holder and an antenna which emits transmission waves from the inner side of a composite window pane composed of a plurality of layers and receives reflected waves.

[0009] Finally, US 2020 / 0393537 A1 describes a radar unit fixed to a windshield for sending out radar waves and receiving reflected waves of the radar waves reflected by objects. In order to adapt the radar waves to the geometric conditions, an adaptation structure with a special spatial arrangement of geometric adaptation elements is provided. Summary of the invention

[0010] Based on this known prior art, the object of the present invention is to specify a radar system having at least one antenna unit and a vehicle component and in particular a radar system having at least one antenna unit of a vehicle arranged on the windshield of the vehicle, in which the emission and detection of high-frequency electromagnetic waves are realized with advantageous properties.

[0011] According to the invention, this object is achieved by the radar system according to the invention.

[0012] Furthermore, protection is claimed for a vehicle having such a radar system according to the invention.

[0013] In this case, any vehicle component can be a component of the radar system according to the invention, i.e., an interior component of a vehicle, an attached part of a vehicle or a body component of a vehicle. As vehicle components, for example, vehicle windows (such as, in particular, a front window or windshield of a vehicle, a rear window of a vehicle and side windows of a vehicle) or a vehicle bumper, a vehicle bonnet, a vehicle tailgate or a vehicle body carrier component (such as a vehicle A-pillar, a vehicle B-pillar and a vehicle C-pillar) come into consideration.

[0014] In particular, a vehicle component can be a component of the radar system according to the invention, the surface of which has an angle of inclination relative to a reference preferred direction for the radar radiation emitted by at least one antenna unit of the radar system. However, this is in particular a vehicle component which has a specific acute angle of inclination relative to the height direction (z-direction) of the vehicle and thus correspondingly has a specific acute orientation angle relative to the longitudinal direction (x-direction) of the vehicle which usually serves as a reference preferred direction. For example, the windshield or windshield of a vehicle has a typical orientation angle of about 30° relative to the longitudinal direction (x-direction) of the vehicle and thus has an angle of inclination of about 60° relative to the height direction (z-direction) of the vehicle.

[0015] In at least one antenna unit of the radar system according to the invention, antenna elements for emitting high-frequency electromagnetic radiation or radar radiation radiated in the form of radar lobes are arranged as antenna arrays on a surface of a vehicle component facing the vehicle interior and are mounted for this purpose on a (planar) carrier body which is designed at a tilted angle relative to the surface of the vehicle component, in particular on a (planar) printed circuit board as carrier body. Preferably, the carrier body is arranged on the vehicle component at a tilted angle of up to 45° relative to the surface of the vehicle component on the surface of the vehicle component facing the vehicle interior and is fixed there. For example, in a windshield of a vehicle as a vehicle component, the carrier body is arranged and fixed there on the inner side of the windshield in a tilted manner of 15° with respect to the surface of the windshield of the vehicle with a typical positioning angle of 30° and is in particular glued to the inner side of the windshield.

[0016] Furthermore, in the radar system according to the invention, a control network is provided, by means of which the antenna elements of the respective antenna units are controlled with a phase shift. The phase shift when controlling the antenna elements of the respective antenna units can be achieved, depending on the application and depending on the respective antenna elements used, by a control current, a control voltage or a phase shift of electromagnetic waves running in the feed lines of the antenna elements in their direction.

[0017] The pivot angle for the radar lobe required for configuring the emitted radar radiation radiating through the vehicle component in a reference preferred direction and thus the radar lobe of the radar radiation and thus the radiation direction of the emitted radar radiation in the reference preferred direction is thus divided according to the invention into a geometrical component resulting from spatially flipping an antenna array with antenna elements and thus the apertures of a corresponding antenna unit of the radar system by a specific flip angle and a circuit-technical component resulting from a phase shift when actuating the antenna elements of the antenna array.

[0018] By means of these measures, the “effective” or effective orientation angle of the vehicle component relative to the preferred direction for the radar radiation is virtually increased, and preferably virtually increased to such an extent that the effective orientation angle of the vehicle component relative to the reference preferred direction for the radar radiation is 90°. In this case, it is achieved that the radar radiation is emitted in a plane along the reference preferred direction, for example in a plane along the longitudinal direction (x direction) of the vehicle as the reference preferred direction for the radar radiation, as is preferably desired.

[0019] In order to fix the support body of the corresponding antenna unit and in particular the printed circuit board as the support body of the corresponding antenna unit on the vehicle component at the desired tilting angle on the surface of the vehicle component facing the vehicle interior, a holder suitable for this purpose can be used. The holder is arranged on the vehicle component at the desired tilting angle with the support body arranged in the holder and in particular the printed circuit board as the support body arranged in the holder and fixed there.

[0020] Preferably, the carrier is designed to be radar-absorbing at least in a subregion oriented in the direction of the vehicle component and, for this purpose, is coated with a radar-absorbing material or consists of a radar-absorbing material.

[0021] To achieve the desired tilt angle, as an alternative to using a holder, the carrier body of the respective antenna unit and in particular the printed circuit board as carrier body can also be arranged accordingly on other vehicle components in the desired orientation and tilt and fastened thereto.

[0022] Depending on the application of the radar system and the corresponding antenna elements used of the antenna array of the corresponding antenna unit of the radar system, the antenna elements of the antenna array are controlled with a phase shift by presetting a control current or a control voltage or an electromagnetic wave running in the supply line of the antenna element in its direction via a control network of the radar system.

[0023] In another advantageous development of the invention, the antenna array with the antenna elements of the respective antenna unit of the radar system is designed as a linear array antenna, in which a small number of antenna elements are arranged one after the other on a carrier body of the respective antenna unit, which is preferably designed as a printed circuit board. In particular, for this purpose, only a small number of identical or at least similar antenna elements of the antenna array are arranged one after the other on the carrier body of the respective antenna unit and, if necessary, are integrally integrated with the respective antenna unit and / or further electronic components of the radar system.

[0024] Preferably, the antenna elements of the antenna array of the corresponding antenna unit of the radar system are designed as microstrip antennas or slotted and in particular longitudinally slotted rectangular waveguide radiators (surface integrated waveguide SIW).

[0025] In another preferred embodiment of the present invention, the antenna elements of the antenna array of the corresponding antenna unit of the radar system are advantageously configured in such a way that the control current for the antenna elements of the antenna array is fed into the antenna elements via the corresponding contacts from the lower edge or the upper edge of the antenna elements. Due to this feeding direction of the control current for the antenna elements from the lower edge or the upper edge of the antenna elements, the emitted radar radiation of all antenna elements of the corresponding antenna unit of the radar system is polarized parallel to the plane of incidence of the radar radiation. That is, the polarization direction of the radar radiation radiated through the vehicle component and thus the orientation of the electric field strength vector of the radar radiation of all antenna elements of the corresponding antenna unit of the radar system is parallel to the plane of incidence of the radar radiation, which is spanned by the normal vector of the surface of the vehicle component on which the radar radiation strikes and the wave number vector pointing along the propagation direction of the radar radiation. As a result, the attenuation losses of the emitted radar radiation radiated through the vehicle component can be kept relatively small.

[0026] By means of the aforementioned arrangement of the control elements for the control currents of the antenna elements and the described design of the antenna array of antenna elements as a linear group antenna, the antenna elements can be integrated very well with the respective antenna unit or other electronic components of the radar system on a carrier body of the respective antenna unit.

[0027] In another preferred development of the invention, an adaptation layer for the emitted radar radiation is arranged on the surface side of the vehicle component of the radar system facing the antenna array with antenna elements of the corresponding antenna unit of the radar system. The adaptation layer is preferably designed as an adaptation film, which is especially glued on the inner side of the vehicle component of the radar system and thus on the surface side of the vehicle component of the radar system facing the antenna elements of the corresponding antenna unit of the radar system. As a result, reflections and attenuation of radar radiation radiated through the vehicle component can be significantly reduced.

[0028] In order to control the antenna elements of the antenna array of the corresponding antenna unit of the radar system, a parallel line network or feed network is preferably provided as the control network of the radar system. That is to say, the antenna elements of the antenna array of the corresponding antenna unit of the radar system are connected or wired to one another in terms of circuit technology so that a parallel current flow of the control currents for the antenna elements of the antenna array of the corresponding antenna unit of the radar system is achieved.

[0029] Another aspect of the invention also relates to a vehicle having a radar system according to the above-mentioned features or advantageous embodiments thereof.

[0030] The radar system according to the invention having at least one antenna unit and a vehicle component combines several advantages:

[0031] The antenna elements of the corresponding antenna unit can be mounted on the vehicle component using a design that is advantageous for the application of the radar system and that radiates radar radiation through the vehicle component without excessively high and unacceptably large attenuation losses of the radar radiation emitted by the antenna elements of the corresponding antenna unit as radar lobes and radiated through the vehicle component, without excessive radiation of the radar radiation into the interior of the vehicle.

[0032] In particular, in a plane referenced to a preferred direction (preferably in a horizontal plane), a wider angular range is illuminated by the radar radiation emitted as a radar lobe; whereas in the elevation direction only a narrow main lobe exists, secondary lobes in other directions being barely noticeable.

[0033] The antenna elements of the corresponding antenna unit of the radar system are compactly integrated as an antenna array on a printed circuit board of the corresponding antenna unit as a carrier body together with other electronic components of the corresponding antenna unit or the radar system, whereby the space requirement for the corresponding antenna unit and therefore also for the radar system can be kept small.

[0034] The carrier body of the corresponding antenna unit or the printed circuit board of the corresponding antenna unit as the carrier body is arranged on the vehicle component at a small distance from the surface of the vehicle component and with a small structural height on the surface of the vehicle component facing the vehicle interior and is fixed thereto, thereby also achieving a compact design of the corresponding antenna unit and thus also the radar system with a small space requirement.

[0035] Attenuation losses and reflection losses of high-frequency radar radiation radiated through a vehicle component caused by the vehicle component and in particular by a window pane of the vehicle as a vehicle component are minimized by using radar radiation polarized parallel to the plane of incidence of the radar radiation as high-frequency radiation emitted by the antenna elements of the corresponding antenna unit of the radar system. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0036] Below is the use of the attached figure Figures 1 to 5 The embodiments of the present invention are explained.

[0037] in:

[0038] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of an antenna unit of a radar system on the inner side of a windshield or windshield as a vehicle component of a vehicle is shown;

[0039] Figure 2 A schematic diagram showing different characteristic quantities for the polarization of radar radiation of an antenna unit of a radar system;

[0040] Figure 3 A schematic diagram showing a steering network for a linear group antenna of an antenna unit of a radar system;

[0041] Figure 4 A schematic diagram showing an antenna element of the antenna unit in the first embodiment; and

[0042] Figure 5 A schematic diagram showing an antenna element of an antenna unit in a second embodiment. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0043] Radar system 1 Figure 1 The antenna unit 25 shown in FIG. 1 is arranged on the inner side 28 of a windshield as an example of a vehicle component 2 of a vehicle at a specific acute angle relative to the horizontal direction 5 (longitudinal direction or x-direction of the vehicle), and is therefore arranged in particular on a surface 28 of the windshield as a vehicle component 2 facing the vehicle interior 27 of the vehicle at a specific acute angle relative to the horizontal direction 5 (longitudinal direction or x-direction of the vehicle). The radar system 1 is used to emit and detect high-frequency radar radiation 3 with a radar frequency of, for example, 76.5 GHz for a driver assistance system of the vehicle, for example a distance-controlled speed controller of the vehicle for adaptive speed regulation (adaptive cruise control, ACC).

[0044] For this application, the elevation radiation pattern of the radar radiation 3 radiated through the windshield as a vehicle component 2 should be relatively wide and the vertical main lobe 4 of the radar radiation 3 should be directed in a horizontal direction as a reference preferred direction 5, that is, parallel to the surface of the road in front of the vehicle in the longitudinal direction of the vehicle (in the x-direction).

[0045] Due to the required relatively large elevation lobe width of the main lobe 4 of the radar radiation 3, the antenna array 6 of the antenna unit 25, which is configured, for example, as a linear group antenna, has only a small number of antenna elements 7, for example five antenna elements 7 arranged linearly one after the other, which are arranged on a carrier body 8 of the antenna unit 25, which is configured as a printed circuit board.

[0046] In order to achieve the desired orientation of the main lobe 4 of the radar radiation 3 in the horizontal direction as reference preferred direction 5, the radar radiation 3 emitted by the antenna elements 7 of the antenna array 6 arranged on the inner side 28 of the windshield 2 at a specific acute angle relative to the horizontal direction 5 (longitudinal direction or x-direction of the vehicle) must be pivoted perpendicularly to its surface by a specific pivot angle. Given a typical 30° pivot angle 9 of the windshield 2 relative to the horizontal direction 5 (longitudinal direction or x-direction of the vehicle) and therefore a 60° tilt angle 24 of the windshield 2 relative to the vertical direction (height direction or z-direction of the vehicle), the required pivot angle for the radar radiation 3 emitted by the antenna elements 7 of the antenna array 6 must therefore be 60°. For this purpose, the pivot angle is divided, on the one hand, into a mechanical or geometrical component with respect to the design of the antenna unit 25 of the radar system 1 or the spatial arrangement of the antenna elements 7 of the antenna array 6 and, on the other hand, into a circuit component with respect to the actuation of the antenna elements 7 of the antenna array 6.

[0047] For this purpose, on the one hand, the printed circuit board 8 with the group antenna of the antenna array 6 with the antenna elements 7 is not arranged parallel to the surface 28 of the windshield 2 of the vehicle, but is tilted at a tilt angle 10 relative to the plane of the windshield 2, for example, at a tilt angle 10 of, for example, 15° relative to the plane of the windshield 2. That is, the printed circuit board 8 with the group antenna of the antenna array 6 with the antenna elements 7 is accordingly arranged at this tilt angle 10 on the inner side 28 of the windshield 2 oriented in the direction of the vehicle interior 27 and is fixed there, for example, by means of adhesive, for example composed of polyurethane, on the inner side 28 of the windshield 2.

[0048] On the other hand, the antenna elements 7 of the antenna array 6 are controlled in such a phase-shifted manner via the control network 17, for example by phase shifting the control current for the antenna elements 7 of the antenna array 6, so that the radar radiation 3 emitted by the antenna elements 7 of the antenna array 6 is not radiated perpendicularly to its surface, but is radiated in the horizontal direction 5 at an angle of 45° rotated relative to the vertical radiation direction.

[0049] Overall, these two effects therefore produce a desired pivot angle of 60° for the radar radiation 3 emitted by the antenna elements 7 of the antenna array 6 and radiated through the windshield 2, by which the main lobe 4 of the radar radiation 3 radiated through the windshield 2 is oriented in a horizontal direction as a reference preferred direction 5.

[0050] In order to achieve a desired tilting angle 10 of, for example, 15° for the printed circuit board 8, the printed circuit board 8 with the antenna elements 7 of the antenna array 6 and the other electronic components of the antenna unit 25 of the radar system 1 is introduced into a holder 11, for example, made of plastic. The holder 11 is then mounted at a tilting angle 10 of, for example, 15° on the inner side 28 of the windshield 2 oriented in the direction of the vehicle interior 27. In order to reduce reflections of the radar radiation 3 emitted by the antenna elements 7 of the antenna array 6 and radiated through the windshield 2 at the windshield 2 and to shield the interior of the vehicle from the radar radiation 3 emitted by the antenna elements 7 of the antenna array 6 and radiated through the windshield 2, the holder 11 is composed of a radar-absorbing material 12 at least in some areas or is coated with a radar-absorbing material 12 at least on the surface facing the windshield 2.

[0051] For this purpose, a general material may be used as the radar absorbing material 12 , in particular, a polyetherimide resin (PEI resin)-based material or a polycarbonate resin (PC resin)-based material.

[0052] In order to further reduce the reflection of the radar radiation 3 emitted by the antenna elements 7 of the antenna array 6 and radiated through the windshield 2 at the windshield 2 and the attenuation of the radar radiation 3 by the windshield 2, an adaptation layer 13 is applied to the inner side 28 of the windshield 2 facing the vehicle interior 27 of the vehicle. For example, the adaptation layer 13 consists of a plurality of plane-parallel layers, the material, thickness and layer sequence of which can be predetermined in a specific manner for the application in order to achieve the desired reflection reduction.

[0053] As in Figure 2 As shown in , in order to keep the reflection of the radar radiation 3 emitted by the antenna elements 7 of the antenna array 6 and radiated through the windshield 2 at the windshield 2 and the attenuation of the radar radiation 3 by the windshield 2 as low as possible from the outset, the polarization direction of the radar radiation 3 emitted by the antenna elements 7 of the antenna array 6 is selected so that the radar radiation is polarized in a parallel direction 16 to the incident plane for the radar radiation 3 emitted by the antenna elements 7 of the antenna array 6, which is defined by a wave number vector 14 and a normal vector 15 to a surface 28 of the windshield 2 facing the vehicle interior 27 of the vehicle.

[0054] As from Figure 2 As can be seen in FIG, the radar radiation 3 emitted by the antenna elements 7 of the antenna array 6 and the radar radiation 3 polarized parallel to the plane of incidence of the emitted radar radiation 3 onto the windshield 2 is in this exemplary embodiment viewed in an absolute manner and is therefore polarized vertically with respect to the ground. As a result, the radar radiation 3 radiated through the windshield 2 is reflected significantly weaker at the windshield 2 and is significantly less attenuated by the windshield 2 than would be the case if radar radiation 3 polarized in another way were used.

[0055] As mentioned, the radar radiation 3 emitted by the antenna array 6 with antenna elements 7 and radiated through the windshield 2 should have a radiation pattern that is as wide as possible in the horizontal plane with a reference preferred direction 5 and a relatively narrow main lobe 4 in the elevation direction, the maximum of which is directed parallel to the roadway. In addition, the vertical radiation pattern should have only a few secondary lobes.

[0056] To this end, according to Figure 3 , five identical or similarly designed antenna elements 7 are provided as a linear group antenna of the antenna array 6. These antenna elements 7 are arranged together one above the other in the vertical direction on a printed circuit board 8 and are all polarized in parallel directions 16 with respect to the plane of incidence for the radar radiation 3 emitted by the antenna elements 7 of the antenna array 6, which is defined by a wave number vector 14 and a normal vector 15 to a surface 28 of the windshield 2 facing the vehicle interior 27 of the vehicle.

[0057] In order for the linear group antenna as antenna array 6 having five antenna elements 7 to generate the desired radiation pattern with the characteristics described above, the linear group antenna as antenna array 6 is connected to an antenna unit 25 or another electronic component of the radar system 1 at a feed point 18. The high-frequency waves fed in at this feed point 18 are distributed to the antenna elements 7 of the linear group antenna as antenna array 6 via a fixed line network as a control network 17 in such a way that the desired radiation pattern of the linear group antenna as antenna array 6 is generated.

[0058] For this purpose, the line network as control network 17 ensures the required amplitude and phase distribution of the control currents at the antenna elements 7 of the antenna array 6. Figure 3 , the line network as control network 17 is realized in a parallel embodiment, by means of which a flexible amplitude and phase distribution of the control currents at the antenna elements 7 of the antenna array 6 can be set.

[0059] As from Figure 4 As can be seen in the figure, the antenna element 7 in the first embodiment is designed as a microstrip antenna on a printed circuit board 8 with a grounded metal (Massemetallisierung) 26 on the back. These microstrip antennas are usually rectangular resonators 19, which are fed or driven via microstrip lines 20. However, depending on the application of the antenna unit 25 or the radar system 1, other geometric designs can also be selected for the resonator 19.

[0060] As from Figure 5As can be seen in the figure, the antenna element 7 in the second embodiment is designed as a so-called surface integrated waveguide (SIW). These surface integrated waveguides (SIW) are slotted and are designed approximately as rectangular waveguides, which are realized in printed circuit board technology by metallized through-contact fences. For this purpose, preferably horizontally oriented slots 21 are used, which are realized by branching off from the vertically extending SIW line 22 with a horizontal stub line 23 containing the radiating horizontally oriented slot 21.

[0061] Reference numerals list

[0062] 1Radar System

[0063] 2Vehicle components / windshield

[0064] 3 Radar radiation

[0065] 4 Radar radiation main lobe

[0066] 5 Reference preferred direction / horizontal direction

[0067] 6 antenna arrays / group antennas

[0068] 7 Antenna Elements

[0069] 8 Carrier body / printed circuit board

[0070] 9 Windshield positioning angle

[0071] 10 Carrier body flip angle

[0072] 11 Bracket

[0073] 12 Radar Absorbing Materials

[0074] 13 Adaptation Layer

[0075] 14 Wave number vector

[0076] 15 Normal direction

[0077] 16Parallel direction relative to the incident plane

[0078] 17. Manipulating the Network

[0079] 18 Feeding point

[0080] 19 Resonator

[0081] 20 Microstrip lines

[0082] 21 Horizontal slot

[0083] 22 SIW Line

[0084] 23 Horizontal short circuit

[0085] 24 Windshield tilt angle

[0086] 25 antenna elements

[0087] 26 Ground Metal

[0088] 27 Vehicle Interior Space

[0089] 28 Surface / Inside

Claims

1. A radar system (1) comprising at least one antenna unit (25) and a vehicle component (2), wherein: A plurality of antenna elements (7) of a respective antenna unit (25) arranged on the vehicle component (2) are provided for emitting radar radiation (3) in the form of radar lobes (4), It is characterized in that The antenna element (7) is arranged as an antenna array (6) on a carrier body (8) of a corresponding antenna unit (25) and is arranged at a tilted angle (10) relative to a surface (28) of the vehicle component (2). Furthermore, the control network (17) of the radar system (1) is configured to control the antenna element (7) with a phase shift in such a way that the radar lobe (4) is oriented in a reference preferred direction (5).

2. The radar system (1) according to claim 1, It is characterized in that The antenna elements (7) of the corresponding antenna unit (25) are arranged as an antenna array (6) on the carrier body (8), which is arranged on a surface (28) of the vehicle component (2) facing the vehicle interior (27) at the tilt angle (10) relative to the surface of the vehicle component (2). Furthermore, the control network (17) of the radar system (1) is configured to control the antenna elements (7) of the corresponding antenna units (25) with a phase shift such that a radar lobe (4) of the radar radiation (3) radiated through the vehicle component (2) is directed in a reference preferred direction (5).

3. The radar system (1) according to claim 1 or 2, It is characterized in that The carrier body (8) is arranged on a surface (28) of the vehicle component (2) facing the vehicle interior (27) at a tilt angle (10) of up to 45° relative to the surface (28) of the vehicle component (2) and is fastened to the surface (28) of the vehicle component (2).

4. The radar system (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 3, It is characterized in that At least a holder (11) provided for receiving the carrier body (8) is fixed to the vehicle component (2) at the tilt angle (10) on a surface (28) of the vehicle component (2) facing the vehicle interior (27).

5. The radar system (1) according to claim 4, It is characterized in that The support (11) comprises a radar-absorbing material (12) at least in a partial region oriented in the direction of the vehicle component (2).

6. The radar system (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 5, It is characterized in that The control network (17) for phase-shifted control of the antenna element (7) predetermines a control current or a control voltage or an electromagnetic wave running in the direction thereof on a supply line of the antenna element (7).

7. The radar system (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 6, It is characterized in that The antenna array (6) of the antenna elements (7) is constructed as a linear group antenna with antenna elements (7) arranged one after the other on a printed circuit board as a carrier body (8). In order to control the antenna elements (7) of the antenna array (6), a parallel line network is provided as a control network (17). Furthermore, the antenna element (7) is designed in such a way that a control current for the antenna element (7) can be fed into the antenna element (7) from the lower edge or the upper edge of the antenna element (7).

8. The radar system (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 7, It is characterized in that An adaptation layer (13) for emitted radar radiation (3) is arranged on a surface (28) of the vehicle component (2) oriented in the direction of the carrier body (8) and therefore on a surface (28) of the vehicle component (2) facing the vehicle interior (27).

9. The radar system (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein: A plurality of antenna elements (7) of at least one antenna unit (25) arranged on an inner side (28) of a vehicle windshield (2) facing the vehicle interior (27) radiate radar radiation (3) in the form of a radar lobe (4) through the vehicle windshield (2) in the longitudinal direction of the vehicle as a reference preferred direction (5).

10. A vehicle having a radar system (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein: The vehicle component (2) has an acute tilt angle (24) relative to a reference preferred direction (5) for radar radiation (3) radiated by at least one antenna unit (25) of the radar system (1) and radiated through the vehicle component (2).

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