Integrated plate type metal-supported solid oxide fuel cell or electrolytic cell and power supply

Abstract

The invention provides an integrated plate type metal-supported solid oxide fuel cell or electrolytic tank and a power supply, and relates to the technical field of fuel cells. The battery or the electrolytic tank comprises a metal supporting body, an insulating layer, an electrochemical reaction unit and a conductive piece. The metal support body has a first surface, a second surface and a peripheral surface which are hermetically connected. And a flow channel for reaction medium materials is arranged between the first surface and the second surface. And the metal support body is provided with a plurality of ventilating through hole areas communicated with the flow channel of the reaction medium material. An electrochemical reaction unit is arranged on at least one surface of the metal supporting body, an insulating layer is arranged between the metal supporting body and the electrochemical reaction unit, and the through holes of the ventilation through hole area penetrate through the insulating layer. The conductive part is used for connecting the electrochemical reaction unit. The problems that a solid oxide fuel cell is difficult to seal, slow in start and stop, poor in thermal shock resistance, low in mass power density, low in output voltage and the like are effectively solved, and the solid oxide fuel cell is particularly suitable for portable power supplies, aircrafts, other mobile carrier power supplies and other scenes.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of fuel cells, and in particular to an integrated plate-type metal-supported solid oxide fuel cell or electrolytic cell and a power source. Background Art

[0002] Solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) is an all-solid-state chemical reaction device that directly converts the chemical energy of fuel and oxidant into electrical energy. The solid oxide electrolyzer (SOEC) is the reverse process of SOFC in terms of operating principle.

[0003] After long-term development and optimization and improvement, the main structures of SOFC are flat-plate, tubular and integrated. Flat-plate SOFC has a simple structure, short current path, easy current collection, and high power density, but it has problems such as difficult high-temperature sealing and poor thermal cycle performance of the stack. Although tubular SOFC does not require high-temperature sealing, the large resistance leads to serious battery power loss during high-current discharge and low power density. If it is operated in SOEC mode, the battery sealing problem must be solved.

[0004] Integrated SOFC combines the advantages of flat-plate and tubular SOFCs and can effectively improve their disadvantages. Like flat-plate and tubular SOFCs, integrated SOFCs also have key issues in start-stop rate, thermal shock resistance and sealing. In the prior art, SOFCs supported by ceramics such as anodes and electrolytes have low thermal conductivity and poor thermal shock resistance, resulting in a stack startup speed of only 3-5℃ / min or less.

[0005] Integrated SOFC / SOEC mainly has two configurations: integrated plate type and integrated tube type. Integrated tube type SOFC is to prepare several single cells on a circular tube porous support, and connect the cells in series through connectors to form a battery pack. Integrated plate type SOFC is to prepare several single cells on the surface of a flat tube porous support with one or more internal flow channel structures. The porous support is extruded by ceramic materials such as MgO and MgAl2O4. The internal layout has a single function of straight or rotating flow channels for gas flow. The pore distribution and shape are difficult to control, and the gas flow resistance is large.

[0006] Integrated SOFC uses an insulating ceramic support that has no function other than mechanical support. It not only increases the gas flow resistance in the battery, but also increases the weight, reducing the power-to-weight ratio of the entire system. This is also the main reason why SOFC is currently less used in the portable and emergency power supply fields. Summary of the invention

[0007] The objects of the present invention include, for example, providing an integrated plate-type metal-supported solid oxide fuel cell or electrolyzer and power supply that can solve the fuel gas sealing problem, increase the start and stop speed of the battery / stack, increase the battery power-to-weight ratio, and increase the output voltage.

[0008] The embodiments of the present invention can be implemented as follows:

[0009] In a first aspect, the present invention provides an integrated plate-type metal-supported solid oxide fuel cell or electrolyzer, comprising:

[0010] A metal support, the metal support having a first surface and a second surface arranged opposite to each other and a peripheral side surface connecting the first surface and the second surface; the first surface, the second surface and the peripheral side surface are sealed and connected; a flow channel for a reaction medium material is provided between the first surface and the second surface; a reaction medium material inlet and a reaction medium material outlet are provided on the peripheral side surface respectively connected to the flow channel;

[0011] The metal support is provided with a plurality of air-permeable through-hole areas; the through-holes in the air-permeable through-hole areas are connected to the flow channel of the reaction medium material;

[0012] Electrochemical reaction units, wherein a plurality of the electrochemical reaction units are integrated on the metal support; the electrochemical reaction unit comprises a battery or an electrolytic cell; at least one of the first surface and the second surface of the metal support is provided with a plurality of the electrochemical reaction units; the number of the electrochemical reaction units is equal to the number of the air permeable through hole areas, and the positions correspond one to one;

[0013] An insulating layer is provided between the metal support and the electrochemical reaction unit, the insulating layer completely covers the metal support, and the through holes in the air-permeable through hole area penetrate the insulating layer;

[0014] A conductive member, wherein the conductive member is used to connect a plurality of the electrochemical reaction units.

[0015] In an optional embodiment, the electrochemical reaction unit is respectively provided on the first surface and the second surface of the metal support; a partition is provided in the metal support, and the partition is used to guide the reaction medium material to the first surface and the second surface respectively.

[0016] In an optional embodiment, the flow channel of the reaction medium material also includes a reaction flow channel area; wherein the reaction flow channel area is located between the first surface and the second surface and is spaced apart from the first surface and the second surface respectively; the through holes in the air permeable through hole area are connected to the reaction flow channel area; the reaction flow channel area is used for the reaction medium material to flow and / or for chemical reaction to occur.

[0017] In an optional embodiment, a metal transition layer is provided between the first surface and the insulating layer; and / or a metal transition layer is provided between the second surface and the insulating layer;

[0018] The air-permeable through-hole area includes a plurality of through-holes, and the plurality of through-holes penetrate the metal transition layer and the insulating layer.

[0019] In an optional embodiment, the reaction channel area is provided with a support structure, and / or the reaction channel area is provided with a flow disturbance structure; the reaction channel area is configured as a porous structure.

[0020] In an optional embodiment, the metal support body also includes a reaction medium material distribution area and a reaction medium material collection area, the reaction medium material distribution area is used to connect the reaction medium material inlet and the reaction channel area; the reaction medium material collection area is used to connect the reaction medium material outlet and the reaction channel area; the reaction medium material distribution area and / or the reaction medium material collection area are provided with a flow guide.

[0021] In an optional embodiment, the metal support body is formed in one piece or in separate pieces, and the through holes in the air permeable through hole area are formed by powder metallurgy, additive manufacturing, laser drilling or electron beam drilling.

[0022] In an optional embodiment, the thickness of the metal support is 2 mm to 10 mm, the length and width of the first surface and the second surface are in the range of 20 mm to 500 mm respectively; and the number of electrochemical reaction units on the first surface or the second surface is 2 to 100.

[0023] In an optional embodiment, the reaction channel area of ​​the metal support is a porous structure, the pore type of the porous structure is a polyhedral lattice unit or a minimal surface structure, and the porosity is 40% to 80%; the through hole is at an angle of 0° to 45° to the normal direction of the first surface or the second surface, the pore diameter of the through hole is 10 to 100 μm, and the spacing is 10 to 1000 μm.

[0024] In an optional embodiment, each of the electrochemical reaction units comprises an anode, an electrolyte and a cathode which are sequentially arranged on the insulating layer from the inside to the outside; the anode completely covers the through hole; the cathodes of adjacent electrochemical reaction units are separated from each other, and the anodes are separated from each other;

[0025] The anode includes a first region corresponding to the cathode and a second region beyond the cathode; the first region is covered by the electrolyte, and the second region is electrically connected to the cathode of an adjacent electrochemical reaction unit through the conductive member.

[0026] In an optional embodiment, the conductive member includes a connected porous segment and a solid segment, the porous segment covers a surface of the cathode side away from the electrolyte, and the solid segment is located between adjacent electrochemical reaction units and electrically connected to the second region of the anode.

[0027] In a second aspect, the present invention provides a power source, comprising a housing and an integrated plate-type metal-supported solid oxide fuel cell or electrolyzer as described in any one of the aforementioned embodiments.

[0028] The integrated plate-type metal-supported solid oxide fuel cell or electrolytic cell provided in the embodiment of the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0029] 1. By designing the first surface, the second surface and the peripheral side to be sealed and connected to form a self-sealing flow channel for the reaction medium material, and the inlet and outlet of the reaction medium material are welded and connected to the feed pipe and the discharge pipe respectively, the problems of difficult sealing and poor reliability at the high-temperature end and the low-temperature end of the reaction medium material are solved, and a solid oxide battery / stack that does not require sealing is obtained.

[0030] 2. The support body is made of metal materials with excellent high-temperature mechanical properties and high thermal conductivity, which solves the problem of slow start and stop speed of batteries / stacks and obtains solid oxide batteries / stacks with good thermal shock resistance and long service life.

[0031] 3. By connecting several electrochemical reaction units in series and parallel on the surface of the metal support, the problem of low output voltage of a single electrochemical reaction unit is solved, and the number and weight of structural parts such as metal connectors are reduced, a single battery with high output voltage is obtained, and the power-to-weight ratio of the power generation system is improved.

[0032] The power supply provided in an embodiment of the present invention adopts the above-mentioned integrated plate solid oxide fuel cell or electrolytic cell, has good thermal shock resistance, good robustness, fast start and stop speed, good sealing, can achieve self-sealing of the fuel gas duct, high output voltage, and high power-to-weight ratio. It is particularly suitable for scenarios such as portable power supplies, aircraft and other mobile vehicle power supplies. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0033] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings required for use in the embodiments are briefly introduced below. It should be understood that the following drawings only show certain embodiments of the present invention and therefore should not be regarded as limiting the scope. For ordinary technicians in this field, other related drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative work.

[0034] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the structure of an integrated plate-type metal-supported solid oxide fuel cell or electrolytic cell provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0035] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the structural decomposition of one side of an integrated plate-type metal-supported solid oxide fuel cell or electrolytic cell provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0036] Figure 3 A schematic diagram of a first cross-sectional structure of an integrated plate-type metal-supported solid oxide fuel cell or electrolytic cell provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0037] Figure 4 A schematic diagram of a second cross-sectional structure of an integrated plate-type metal-supported solid oxide fuel cell or electrolyzer provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0038] Figure 5 A third cross-sectional structural schematic diagram of an integrated plate-type metal-supported solid oxide fuel cell or electrolyzer provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0039] Figure 6 A schematic structural diagram of a metal support body of an integrated plate-type metal-supported solid oxide fuel cell or electrolytic cell provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0040] Figure 7 for Figure 3 A local enlarged schematic diagram of the middle A;

[0041] Figure 8 for Figure 3 A local enlarged schematic diagram of point B in the middle.

[0042] Icons: 100-metal support; 101-first surface; 102-second surface; 103-side surface; 104-reaction medium material inlet; 105-reaction medium material outlet; 106-partition; 110-reaction channel area; 111-support structure; 120-air permeable through hole area; 121-through hole; 131-reaction medium material distribution area; 132-reaction medium material collection area; 133-fluid conductor; 200-insulating layer; 210-metal transition layer; 300-electrochemical reaction unit; 310-anode; 320-electrolyte; 330-cathode; 340-conductive member; 341-porous section; 342-solid section; 343-side solid section; 344-terminal. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0043] In order to make the purpose, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Generally, the components of the embodiments of the present invention described and shown in the drawings here can be arranged and designed in various different configurations.

[0044] Therefore, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention provided in the accompanying drawings is not intended to limit the scope of the invention claimed for protection, but merely represents selected embodiments of the present invention. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0045] It should be noted that similar reference numerals and letters denote similar items in the following drawings, and therefore, once an item is defined in one drawing, further definition and explanation thereof is not required in subsequent drawings.

[0046] In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that if the terms "upper", "lower", "inside", "outside", etc. appear to indicate an orientation or position relationship, they are based on the orientation or position relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, or are the orientation or position relationship in which the product of the invention is usually placed when used. They are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as a limitation on the present invention.

[0047] In addition, the terms “first”, “second”, etc., if used, are merely used to distinguish between the descriptions and should not be understood as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0048] It should be noted that, in the absence of conflict, the features in the embodiments of the present invention may be combined with each other.

[0049] If the specific conditions are not specified in the examples, the experiments were carried out under conventional conditions or conditions recommended by the manufacturer. If the manufacturers of the reagents or instruments are not specified, they are all conventional products that can be purchased commercially.

[0050] This embodiment provides an integrated plate-type metal-supported solid oxide fuel cell or electrolyzer. A solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) is an all-solid-state chemical reaction device that directly converts the chemical energy of a fuel and an oxidant into electrical energy. The solid oxide electrolyzer (SOEC) is an inverse process of SOFC in terms of operating principle, and the two have similar structures. The following is an explanation using a solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) as an example.

[0051] Please refer to Figures 1 to 3, an integrated plate-type metal-supported solid oxide fuel cell or electrolytic cell provided in an embodiment of the present invention comprises: a metal support 100, an insulating layer 200, an electrochemical reaction unit 300 and a conductive member 340. A plurality of electrochemical reaction units 300 are provided on at least one side of the metal support 100. The surface of the metal support 100 facing the electrochemical reaction unit 300 is covered with an insulating layer 200. That is, the insulating layer 200 is located between the metal support 100 and the electrochemical reaction unit 300. The insulating layer 200 can be attached to the metal support 100 by coating or plating. The conductive member 340 is used to connect all the electrochemical reaction units 300. A plurality of electrochemical reaction units 300 are connected in series and parallel, or in series. In this embodiment, the electrochemical reaction unit comprises a battery or an electrolytic cell. Preferably, the connection is in series and parallel, that is, after a plurality of electrochemical reaction units 300 are connected in series into groups, each electrochemical reaction unit group is connected in parallel. This can effectively reduce the internal resistance and improve the battery efficiency and power-to-weight ratio.

[0052] The metal support 100 has a first surface 101 and a second surface 102 arranged opposite to each other and a peripheral side surface 103 connecting the first surface 101 and the second surface 102. The first surface 101, the second surface 102 and the peripheral side surface 103 are respectively sealed and connected to form a self-sealing gas channel to solve the sealing problem of fuel gas. A flow channel for the reaction medium material to flow is provided between the first surface 101 and the second surface 102. A reaction medium material inlet 104 and a reaction medium material outlet 105 are provided on the peripheral side surface 103, which are respectively connected to the flow channel. The metal support 100 can be a rectangular parallelepiped, a cube, a cylinder, an elliptical cylinder, a truncated cone or other arbitrary shapes. In the present embodiment, the metal support 100 is roughly rectangular parallelepiped. The first surface 101 and the second surface 102 are parallel and have roughly equal areas. The peripheral side surface 103 includes four side surfaces connected end to end, namely the first side surface, the second side surface, the third side surface and the fourth side surface connected in sequence. Among them, the first side surface and the third side surface are arranged oppositely and are located on the long side of the rectangular parallelepiped. The second side surface and the fourth side surface are arranged opposite to each other and are located at the wide side of the cuboid. Except for the reaction medium material inlet 104 and the reaction medium material outlet 105 provided on the peripheral side surface 103, the rest of the places are all dense solid materials. As a leak-free side surface, it has good air tightness and can realize self-sealing of the airway without adding additional sealing measures. The metal support body 100, as an integral structure, avoids the sealing problem of the high temperature end and the low temperature end. The metal support body 100 is made of metal material to support the electrochemical reaction unit, which has excellent strength and toughness and high thermal conductivity, fast start and stop speed of the battery / stack, and good thermal shock resistance.

[0053] Optionally, the metal support 100 is provided with a plurality of air-permeable through-hole areas 120 connected to the reaction medium material inlet 104. The first surface 101 and the second surface 102 are respectively provided with a plurality of through-holes 121, and the surface with the plurality of through-holes 121 forms a plurality of air-permeable through-hole areas 120. Alternatively, the first surface 101 or the second surface 102 is provided with a plurality of through-holes 121 to form a plurality of air-permeable through-hole areas 120. Optionally, the number of the electrochemical reaction units 300 is equal to the number of the air-permeable through-hole areas 120, and the positions correspond one to one. The through-holes 121 of the air-permeable through-hole area 120 penetrate the insulating layer 200, so that the reaction medium material can reach the anode 310 of the electrochemical reaction unit 300 from the reaction medium material inlet 104 through the metal support 100 and the air-permeable through-hole area 120.

[0054] A plurality of electrochemical reaction units 300 may be disposed on the first surface 101 and the second surface 102 of the metal support 100, respectively. Figure 3 Alternatively, a plurality of electrochemical reaction units 300 may be disposed only on the first surface 101 or the second surface 102 of the metal support 100. Figure 4 .

[0055] Optionally, the flow channel in the metal support 100 further includes a reaction flow channel area 110. The reaction flow channel area 110 is located between the first surface 101 and the second surface 102 and is spaced from the first surface 101 and the second surface 102. The through hole 121 is connected to the reaction flow channel area 110. The reaction flow channel area 110 is used for the reaction medium material to flow and / or for chemical reaction to occur.

[0056] The reaction channel area 110 is provided with a porous structure to form an indirect internal reforming reaction area, which serves as a place where cracking occurs during the reforming of hydrocarbon fuels, and is used for the reforming reaction of the reaction medium material. The complexity and cost of the external reforming equipment can be reduced. The synthesis gas generated by the reforming reaction enters the anode 310 through the through hole 121 of the permeable through hole area 120 to undergo an electrochemical reaction, thereby generating electrical energy. Since the reaction channel area 110 is spaced a certain distance from the first surface 101 and the second surface 102, that is, there is a certain distance from the anode 310 on both sides of the metal support 100. In this way, the structural damage to the electrochemical reaction unit 300 caused by the large thermal stress generated by the reforming reaction can be reduced, and the carbon deposition of the anode 310 caused by the reforming reaction can be reduced, and the problems such as the decrease in the activity of the anode 310 caused by the carbon deposition of the anode 310 can be alleviated, and the problem of the expansion stress of the anode 310 causing the damage to the battery structure can be solved. It can also avoid the rapid reaction of the catalytic reforming reaction. Strong heat absorption directly leads to a low temperature of the anode 310 located at the fuel inlet, forming a large temperature gradient and generating excessive thermal stress to increase the risk of damaging the battery structure. In addition, the problem that the gas medium directly contacts the electrode surface of the electrochemical reaction unit 300, causing separation of the heterogeneous interface inside the battery and damaging the battery structure can also be solved.

[0057] Optionally, the reaction channel region 110 is provided with a support structure 111. The support structure 111 is used to improve the structural strength of the metal support 100, and mainly plays a role of mechanical support. The shape, number and distribution position of the support structure 111 can be flexibly adjusted according to actual conditions, and are not specifically limited here. Optionally, the support structure 111 is arranged along the direction of the flow of the reaction medium material to reduce the resistance to the flow of the reaction medium material, so that the flow of the reaction medium material is smoother and more uniform.

[0058] Optionally, the reaction channel area 110 is provided with a spoiler structure. The spoiler structure is arranged in the reaction channel area 110 outside the support structure 111. The spoiler structure mainly plays a role of diversion, allowing the synthesis gas after the reforming reaction to enter the through hole 121 of the air permeable through hole area 120 more smoothly and evenly to reach the surface of the anode 310. Optionally, the surface of the spoiler structure can be designed as a curved surface or an inclined surface to achieve a better diversion effect. In this embodiment, the reaction channel area 110 is provided with a support structure 111 and a spoiler structure at the same time. It can be understood that in some other embodiments, the support structure 111 and the spoiler structure can be selectively added. For example, only the support structure 111 is provided, or only the spoiler structure is provided, or both the support structure 111 and the spoiler structure are omitted, which is not specifically limited here.

[0059] Combination Figure 5 , if electrochemical reaction units 300 are respectively provided on both sides of the metal support 100. Optionally, a partition 106 is provided in the metal support 100, and the partition 106 is used to guide the reaction medium material to the first surface 101 and the second surface 102 respectively. Optionally, the partition 106 is distributed in the metal support 100 along the flow direction of the reaction medium material, and is roughly distributed in the middle position, so that the reaction medium material can flow to the first surface 101 and the second surface 102 as evenly as possible, so as to improve the uniformity of the distribution of the reaction medium material.

[0060] Optionally, the partition 106 may be a flat plate, that is, the side profile is in a straight line, or may be an arc-shaped plate, such as a wavy plate structure.

[0061] Of course, in some embodiments, if the reaction medium material uses small molecule fuel gas such as hydrogen and methane, there is no need to perform a reforming reaction. In this case, the porous structure of the reaction channel area 110 can also be omitted, which is not specifically limited here.

[0062] Optionally, the thickness of the metal support 100 is 2 mm to 10 mm, and the length and width of the first surface 101 and the second surface 102 are in the range of 20 mm to 500 mm, respectively; the number of electrochemical reaction units 300 on the first surface 101 or the second surface 102 is 2 to 100. One electrochemical reaction unit 300 corresponds to one air-permeable through-hole area 120. The through-holes 121 may be arranged in a single row or multiple rows on the first surface 101 or the second surface 102, and may be arranged in a matrix or staggered when arranged in multiple rows, or distributed in any other manner. The shape of the air-permeable through-hole area 120 may be polygonal, circular, elliptical or any other shape. The cross-section of the through-hole 121 may be polygonal, circular, elliptical or any other shape that is conducive to air permeability. The through-hole 121 is at an angle of 0° to 45° with the normal direction of the first surface 101 or the second surface 102, wherein when it is 0°, the axis of the through-hole 121 coincides with the normal. The through holes 121 have a diameter of 10 to 100 μm and a pitch of 10 to 1000 μm.

[0063] The porous structure of the reaction channel region 110 has a pore type of a polyhedral lattice unit or a minimal surface structure, and a porosity of 40% to 80%. The polyhedral lattice unit may be a hexahedral lattice unit or an octahedral lattice unit.

[0064] Optionally, multiple reaction channel areas 110 are distributed in a matrix. In the flow direction of the reaction medium material, the porosity of the porous structure of each reaction channel area 110 gradually decreases, preferably in a gradient decrease. Since the internal reforming of the fuel inside the battery is a highly endothermic chemical reaction with a very fast rate, it needs to absorb a large amount of heat. This embodiment helps to avoid the reforming process causing a large temperature gradient inside the battery by setting the porosity to a gradient reduction mode, reducing the thermal stress formed by it and avoiding damage to the battery structure. In addition, this method can not only avoid the carbon deposits formed by hydrocarbon fuels covering the surface of the active sites of the anode 310, resulting in a significant decrease in battery performance, but also avoid the separation of the heterogeneous interface inside the battery and other destructive structures.

[0065] Combination Figure 6, the metal support 100 further includes a reaction medium material distribution area 131 and a reaction medium material collection area 132, and the reaction medium material distribution area 131 is arranged at one end of the metal support 100 near the reaction medium material inlet 104. The reaction medium material collection area 132 is arranged at one end of the metal support 100 near the reaction medium material outlet 105. The reaction medium material distribution area 131 is used to connect the reaction medium material inlet 104 and the reaction channel area 110. The reaction medium material collection area 132 is used to connect the reaction medium material outlet 105 and the reaction channel area 110. It can be understood that in this embodiment, one electrochemical reaction unit 300 corresponds to one air permeable through hole area 120, and a plurality of air permeable through hole areas 120 are provided on the metal support 100. The number of electrochemical reaction units 300 is equal to the number of air permeable through hole areas 120, and the positions correspond one to one.

[0066] Reaction medium materials such as fuel reach the reaction medium material distribution area 131 through the reaction medium material inlet 104, and then enter the reaction channel area 110 for reforming reaction. The unreacted fuel enters the reaction medium material collection area 132 and is discharged to the electrochemical reaction unit 300 through the reaction medium material outlet 105. Optionally, the reaction medium material distribution area 131 and / or the reaction medium material collection area 132 are provided with a guide body 133. In this embodiment, the reaction medium material distribution area 131 and the reaction medium material collection area 132 are respectively provided with a guide body 133. In this way, the fuel can be distributed to several reaction channel areas 110 more evenly and efficiently, and the unreacted fuel in the reaction channel area 110 can enter the reaction medium material collection area 132 more quickly. Of course, the guide body 133 also has a certain supporting effect, improving the structural strength and stability.

[0067] It should be noted that, in some embodiments, the flow guide 133 may be provided only in the reaction medium material distribution area 131, or the flow guide 133 may be provided only in the reaction medium material collection area 132, which is not specifically limited here.

[0068] The reaction medium material inlet 104 is used to connect to the feed pipe, and the reaction medium material outlet 105 is used to connect to the discharge pipe. In this embodiment, the reaction medium material inlet 104 and the feed pipe are welded, and the reaction medium material outlet 105 and the discharge pipe are welded to improve the sealing of the connection, thereby improving the airtightness of the entire battery or electrolytic cell.

[0069] In this embodiment, the metal support body 100 is an integral structure, such as one-piece molding using additive manufacturing. Specifically, the reaction channel area 110, the support structure 111, the spoiler structure, the reaction medium material inlet 104, the reaction medium material distribution area 131, the reaction medium material outlet 105, the reaction medium material collection area 132, the first surface 101, the second surface 102 and the surrounding side surface 103 are integrally molded. The first surface 101, the second surface 102 and the surrounding side surface 103 are a whole, with good sealing performance, and can achieve self-sealing of the fuel gas channel, solving the problem of difficult high-temperature sealing of fuel gas in the prior art.

[0070] Of course, the metal support body 100 may also be connected in parts, such as the first surface 101 , the second surface 102 and the peripheral side surface 103 are formed by brazing.

[0071] The through holes 121 of the air permeable through hole area 120 can be formed by powder metallurgy, additive manufacturing laser drilling or electron beam drilling. The material of the metal support 100 is an iron-based or chromium-based alloy material, preferably including one or more of SUS430, Croferr22, ZMG232 and T441.

[0072] Optionally, if the through hole 121 is formed by subsequent laser drilling, the following three methods can be used: 1. drilling directly on the first surface 101 and the second surface 102 of the metal support 100; 2. drilling on the surface of the metal transition layer 210 after preparing the metal transition layer 210 on the surface of the metal support 100; 3. drilling on the surface of the insulating layer 200 after preparing the metal transition layer 210 and the insulating layer 200 on the surface of the metal support 100. No specific limitation is made here.

[0073] It is understandable that one of the biggest problems of existing flat-plate SOFC is the high-temperature sealing problem. Although the existing tubular SOFC can avoid high-temperature sealing, there is still a problem of sealing in the low-temperature section. The existing integrated SOFC is to set an anode-supported SOFC electrochemical reaction unit 300 on the surface of the ceramic support body, and a gas distribution manifold is required at both ends of the battery to deliver and collect gas. In this embodiment, the integrated plate SOFC using the metal support body 100 with indirect internal reforming can completely avoid the sealing problem of the cold end and the hot end, and there is no need to set a gas distribution manifold at both ends of the battery to deliver and collect gas. The sealing is better and the problems of high-temperature sealing and low-temperature sealing are avoided.

[0074] Combination Figure 7, the first surface 101 and the second surface 102 are respectively covered with an insulating layer 200 to achieve electrical isolation between the electrochemical reaction unit 300 and the metal support 100, and to achieve independence between the electrochemical reaction units 300. The insulating layer 200 completely covers the metal support 100, and the through hole 121 of the air permeable through hole area 120 penetrates the insulating layer 200 so that the reformed synthesis gas can reach the anode 310 of the electrochemical reaction unit 300. Optionally, a metal transition layer 210 is provided between the first surface 101 and the insulating layer 200. A metal transition layer 210 is provided between the second surface 102 and the insulating layer 200; the through hole 121 penetrates the metal transition layer 210 and the insulating layer 200. By providing the metal transition layer 210, the difference in thermal expansion coefficient between the insulating layer 200 and the metal support 100 can be reduced, structural stratification can be avoided, and the reliability of the battery structure can be improved. Of course, in some embodiments, the metal transition layer 210 can also be omitted.

[0075] The material of the insulating layer 200 may be a ceramic material, preferably including one or more of Al2O3, MgAl2O4, Y2O3-ZrO2 or the electrolyte 320 material. The material of the metal transition layer 210 is a nickel-based alloy material, preferably including one or more of NiCr, NiAl, NiCrAlY and NiCoCrAlY.

[0076] Optionally, a plurality of electrochemical reaction units 300 are laid flat on the surface of the insulating layer 200 and are spaced apart from each other and are not connected to each other. Each electrochemical reaction unit 300 includes an anode 310, an electrolyte 320 and a cathode 330 which are sequentially arranged on the insulating layer 200 from the inside to the outside. The electrolyte 320 completely separates the anode 310 and the cathode 330. The anode 310 completely covers the through hole 121, and the cathodes 330 and cathodes 330 of adjacent electrochemical reaction units 300 are separated, and the anodes 310 and anodes 310 are separated. Among them, the size of the anode 310 is larger than the size of the cathode 330, and the anode 310 includes a first area covered by the electrolyte 320 and a second area where the electrolyte 320 is exposed; the size of the first area is consistent with the size of the cathode 330, and the second area is electrically connected to the cathode 330 of the adjacent electrochemical reaction unit 300 through the conductive member 340. An electrolyte 320 is also provided between the side of the anode 310 and the conductive member 340 to play a role of isolation and insulation.

[0077] Optionally, the conductive member 340 includes a connected porous segment 341 and a solid segment 342, the porous segment 341 covers the surface of the side of the cathode 330 away from the electrolyte 320, and the solid segment 342 is located between adjacent electrochemical reaction units 300 and is electrically connected to the second region of the anode 310. In this way, a reliable connection of adjacent electrochemical reaction units 300 can be achieved. It can be understood that there are several conductive members 340. Several conductive members 340 connect all electrochemical reaction units 300 on both sides of the metal support 100 in series or in series and parallel to form a battery or electrolytic cell with a certain output voltage and output power. And the terminals 344 are reserved at the head and tail of the series electrochemical reaction unit 300. There is a gap between the side of the solid segment 342 away from the porous segment 341 and the adjacent cathode 330. The porous segment 341 covering the cathode 330 has a porous structure, which facilitates air to reach the cathode 330 and provide oxygen for the electrochemical reaction.

[0078] Combination Figure 8 It should be noted that in order to electrically connect the electrochemical reaction unit 300 on the first surface 101 of the metal support 100 and the electrochemical reaction unit 300 on the second surface 102. The solid segment 342 also includes a side solid segment 343. The portion of the peripheral side surface 103 of the metal support 100 provided with the side solid segment 343 is provided with a metal transition layer 210 and an insulating layer 200 in sequence to improve the reliability of the connection structure.

[0079] The material of the conductive member 340 is a conductive material, preferably including one or more of an iron-based or nickel-based alloy, Pt, Ag, Au or any other high-temperature oxidation-resistant and highly conductive material.

[0080] The embodiment of the present invention also provides a power source, including a housing and the aforementioned integrated plate-type metal-supported solid oxide fuel cell or electrolyzer. The integrated plate-type metal-supported solid oxide fuel cell or electrolyzer is arranged in the housing, which is convenient for movement and carrying. The power source has good sealing of the fuel gas flow channel, fast start-stop speed, good battery performance, and high power-to-weight ratio.

[0081] In summary, the integrated plate-type metal-supported solid oxide fuel cell or electrolytic cell and power supply provided in the embodiments of the present invention have the following beneficial effects, including, for example:

[0082] 1. The integrated plate-type metal-supported solid oxide fuel cell or electrolytic cell provided in the embodiment of the present invention has a plurality of electrochemical reaction units 300 arranged on one or both sides of a metal support 100, so that the output voltage is higher. The number and weight of structural parts such as metal connectors are reduced, and the power-to-weight ratio of the power generation system is improved.

[0083] 2. The sealing problem between adjacent battery structures in the stacking structure is avoided. The metal support 100 is integrally formed, has good sealing performance, and can achieve self-sealing of the fuel flow channel. The inlet and outlet of the reaction medium material are welded to the feed pipe and the outlet pipe respectively, which can solve the sealing problem of the high temperature end and the low temperature end of the reaction medium material.

[0084] 3. The support body is made of metal material with high thermal conductivity and good thermal shock resistance, which is beneficial to improve the start-stop speed and enhance the robustness and service life of the battery / stack.

[0085] 4. The reforming reaction is carried out inside the metal support 100, thereby avoiding serious carbon deposition on the anode 310 and avoiding the complexity and high cost of external reforming equipment.

[0086] The power supply provided in the embodiment of the present invention adopts the above-mentioned integrated plate metal-supported solid oxide fuel cell or electrolytic cell, which can achieve self-sealing of the fuel flow channel, fast start and stop speed, good sealing and robustness, solve the carbon deposition problem of the anode 310, have high output voltage and high power-to-weight ratio, and is particularly suitable for scenarios such as portable power supplies, aircraft and other mobile vehicle power supplies.

[0087] The above is only a specific embodiment of the present invention, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any changes or substitutions that can be easily thought of by a person skilled in the art within the technical scope disclosed by the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention should be based on the protection scope of the claims.

Claims

1. An integrated plate-type metal-supported solid oxide fuel cell or electrolyzer, characterized in that: include: A metal support body, the metal support body having a first surface and a second surface arranged opposite to each other and a peripheral side surface connecting the first surface and the second surface; The first surface, the second surface and the peripheral side surface are sealed and connected; a flow channel for reaction medium material is provided between the first surface and the second surface; a reaction medium material inlet and a reaction medium material outlet respectively connected to the flow channel are provided on the peripheral side surface; The metal support is provided with a plurality of air-permeable through-hole areas; the through-holes in the air-permeable through-hole areas are connected to the flow channel of the reaction medium material; Electrochemical reaction units, wherein a plurality of the electrochemical reaction units are integrated on the metal support; the electrochemical reaction unit comprises a battery or an electrolytic cell; at least one of the first surface and the second surface of the metal support is provided with a plurality of the electrochemical reaction units; the number of the electrochemical reaction units is equal to the number of the air permeable through hole areas, and the positions correspond one to one; An insulating layer is provided between the metal support and the electrochemical reaction unit, the insulating layer completely covers the metal support, and the through holes in the air-permeable through hole area penetrate the insulating layer; A conductive member, wherein the conductive member is used to connect a plurality of the electrochemical reaction units.

2. The integrated plate-type metal-supported solid oxide fuel cell or electrolyzer according to claim 1, characterized in that: The electrochemical reaction unit is respectively disposed on the first surface and the second surface of the metal support; a partition is disposed inside the metal support, and the partition is used to guide the reaction medium material to the first surface and the second surface respectively.

3. The integrated plate-type metal-supported solid oxide fuel cell or electrolyzer according to claim 1, characterized in that: The flow channel of the reaction medium material also includes a reaction flow channel area; wherein the reaction flow channel area is located between the first surface and the second surface and is spaced apart from the first surface and the second surface respectively; the through holes in the air permeable through hole area are connected to the reaction flow channel area; the reaction flow channel area is used for the reaction medium material to flow and / or chemically react.

4. The integrated plate-type metal-supported solid oxide fuel cell or electrolyzer according to claim 1, characterized in that: A metal transition layer is provided between the first surface and the insulating layer; and / or a metal transition layer is provided between the second surface and the insulating layer; The air-permeable through-hole area includes a plurality of through-holes, and the plurality of through-holes penetrate the metal transition layer and the insulating layer.

5. The integrated plate-type metal-supported solid oxide fuel cell or electrolyzer according to claim 3, characterized in that: The reaction channel area is provided with a supporting structure, and / or the reaction channel area is provided with a flow disturbance structure; the reaction channel area is configured as a porous structure.

6. The integrated plate-type metal-supported solid oxide fuel cell or electrolyzer according to claim 3, characterized in that: The metal support body also includes a reaction medium material distribution area and a reaction medium material collection area, the reaction medium material distribution area is used to connect the reaction medium material inlet and the reaction flow channel area; the reaction medium material collection area is used to connect the reaction medium material outlet and the reaction flow channel area; the reaction medium material distribution area and / or the reaction medium material collection area are provided with a flow guide.

7. The integrated plate-type metal-supported solid oxide fuel cell or electrolyzer according to claim 1, characterized in that: The metal support body is formed in one piece or in separate pieces, and the through holes in the air permeable through hole area are formed by powder metallurgy, additive manufacturing, laser drilling or electron beam drilling.

8. The integrated plate-type metal-supported solid oxide fuel cell or electrolyzer according to claim 1, characterized in that: The thickness of the metal support is 2 mm to 10 mm, the length and width of the first surface and the second surface are in the range of 20 mm to 500 mm respectively; the number of electrochemical reaction units on the first surface or the second surface is 2 to 100.

9. The integrated plate-type metal-supported solid oxide fuel cell or electrolyzer according to claim 1, characterized in that: Each of the electrochemical reaction units comprises an anode, an electrolyte and a cathode which are sequentially arranged on the insulating layer from the inside to the outside; the anode completely covers the through hole; the cathodes of adjacent electrochemical reaction units are separated from each other, and the anodes are separated from each other; The anode includes a first region covered by an electrolyte and a second region extending beyond the electrolyte; the second region is electrically connected to the cathode of an adjacent electrochemical reaction unit through the conductive member; The conductive member comprises a connected porous segment and a solid segment, wherein the porous segment covers a surface of the cathode away from the electrolyte, and the solid segment is located between adjacent electrochemical reaction units and is electrically connected to the second region of the anode.

10. A power supply, characterized in that: The invention comprises a shell and an integrated plate-type metal-supported solid oxide fuel cell or electrolyzer as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 9.

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