A tracking photovoltaic high efficiency installation method

Abstract

The application discloses a tracking type photovoltaic high-efficiency installation method, and relates to the technical field of photovoltaic power station construction, which comprises early construction, photovoltaic array measurement, photovoltaic customized part prefabrication, photovoltaic customized part installation and supporting equipment installation. First, a column, a bearing seat and a driving mechanism are manually installed on a photovoltaic pile foundation, and the coordinates of the bearing seat are measured; then, the positions of bearings on each main shaft are calculated, and all photovoltaic structures above the bearing seat are customized and prefabricated in units of the main shafts to form photovoltaic customized parts; subsequently, the photovoltaic customized parts are sequentially hoisted to the bearing seat by using a crane and are installed and fixed; finally, other supporting equipment is installed, and the construction of the photovoltaic power station is completed. The application can realize batch and large-scale installation of photovoltaic components, greatly improves the construction speed of the photovoltaic power station, can adapt to complex and rugged terrains, and simultaneously transfers the assembling link of the photovoltaic components and the photovoltaic support to an indoor environment, thereby greatly improving the working environment and safety.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of photovoltaic power plant construction technology, and in particular to a tracking-type high-efficiency photovoltaic installation method. Background Technology

[0002] Photovoltaic energy, as a clean energy source that directly converts solar energy into electricity, has demonstrated enormous market potential due to its cleanliness and high efficiency. The rise of this energy source has driven the rapid growth of my country's photovoltaic industry. Achieving automation and intelligentization during the installation of photovoltaic modules has become a key challenge for the industry's development.

[0003] As photovoltaic projects are increasingly deployed in remote areas such as deserts and Gobi, and as China's photovoltaic industry expands into regions like the Middle East and Africa, the demand for mechanized photovoltaic module installation is growing. The harsh environments and high labor costs in these regions exacerbate labor market imbalances, becoming a major obstacle to the development of the photovoltaic industry. Therefore, researching and developing efficient photovoltaic module installation technologies is of paramount strategic importance for enhancing the international competitiveness of the photovoltaic industry, expanding its market advantages, and achieving a leading technological position globally. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to provide a tracking-type high-efficiency photovoltaic installation method to solve the problems of harsh working environment, long time consumption and high cost when manually installing photovoltaic brackets and photovoltaic modules in the prior art.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following solution: a tracking photovoltaic high-efficiency installation method, comprising the following steps:

[0006] Step S1: Preliminary construction of the photovoltaic power station, which includes site leveling, construction of photovoltaic pile foundations, and installation of columns, bearing seats and drive mechanisms on the photovoltaic pile foundations;

[0007] Step S2: Photovoltaic array measurement, which includes obtaining the bearing housing coordinates, calculating the column distribution spacing, and determining the optimal installation position;

[0008] Step S3: Prefabrication of photovoltaic custom components, which includes assembling and coding photovoltaic custom components in a prefabrication factory;

[0009] Step S4: Installation of photovoltaic custom components, which includes using a frame-type photovoltaic container to transport the photovoltaic custom components to the installation area, and using a crane to lift the photovoltaic custom components onto the bearing seats and fix them in place;

[0010] Step S5: Installation of supporting equipment, which includes installing combiner boxes, inverters, grounding equipment, and commissioning the photovoltaic power generation system.

[0011] The technical scheme aims to provide a more efficient installation method of a tracking photovoltaic power station, which can realize batch installation of photovoltaic modules, greatly improve the construction speed of the photovoltaic power station, and adapt to complex and rugged terrains, and meanwhile, the assembly link of the photovoltaic modules and the photovoltaic support is transferred to an indoor environment, thereby greatly improving the working environment and safety.

[0012] In a possible implementation, the photovoltaic customized part comprises a main shaft, a plurality of photovoltaic modules mounted on the main shaft through purlins, at least one bearing and a bearing sleeve fixed on the main shaft, a main shaft connecting clamp installed on the main shaft near an end portion, and a lifting appliance fixed on the purlin, the bearing is used to be connected with the bearing seat, and one end of the main shaft is connected with the driving mechanism.

[0013] In a possible implementation, the assembly of the photovoltaic customized part comprises: selecting a corresponding type of main shaft according to the position of the photovoltaic customized part in the photovoltaic array; mounting the bearing and the bearing sleeve on the main shaft, mounting the purlin on the main shaft, and mounting the photovoltaic modules on the purlin, and the photovoltaic modules above the main shaft at the connection position of the adjacent two photovoltaic customized parts are not installed; mounting the main shaft connecting clamp according to the type of the main shaft; measuring and adjusting the flatness of the photovoltaic customized part and the installation position of each photovoltaic module; and installing the lifting appliance.

[0014] The assembly of the photovoltaic customized part specifically comprises the following steps:

[0015] Step S30201, selecting a corresponding type of main shaft according to the position of the photovoltaic customized part in the photovoltaic array;

[0016] Step S30202, mounting the bearing and the bearing sleeve on the main shaft according to the optimal installation position of the bearing;

[0017] Step S30203, mounting the purlin on the main shaft at a corresponding position;

[0018] Step S30204, mounting the photovoltaic modules on the purlin at a corresponding position, and the photovoltaic modules above the main shaft at the connection position of the adjacent two photovoltaic customized parts are not installed;

[0019] Step S30205, mounting the main shaft connecting clamp according to the type of the main shaft;

[0020] Step S30206, measuring whether the flatness of the photovoltaic customized part and the installation position of each photovoltaic module meet the accuracy requirement, and if not, adjusting until meeting the requirement;

[0021] Step S30207, installing the lifting appliance, and completing the assembly of the photovoltaic customized part.

[0022] In a possible implementation, the main shaft connecting clamps include main shaft connecting lower clamps and main shaft connecting upper clamps.

[0023] When the end of the main shaft is not connected with other main shafts, the end is not provided with the main shaft connecting clamps;

[0024] When the end of the main shaft needs to be connected with the main shafts previously installed, the end is provided with the main shaft connecting upper clamps;

[0025] When the end of the main shaft needs to be connected with the main shafts to be installed later, the end is provided with the main shaft connecting lower clamps.

[0026] In a possible implementation, in step S4, the hoisting of the photovoltaic customized components to the bearing seat and the fixing include: hoisting the photovoltaic customized components to the bearing seat and connecting with the previously installed structures; when hoisting the photovoltaic customized components, the photovoltaic customized components with at least two supporting points and capable of self-stabilization after being fixed are hoisted first, and then the next photovoltaic customized components connected with the photovoltaic customized components installed in the previous step are hoisted in sequence until the photovoltaic customized components in a photovoltaic array are completely installed.

[0027] In a possible implementation, the hoisting of the photovoltaic customized components to the bearing seat and the connecting with the previously installed structures include the following cases:

[0028] Case 1: when the previously installed structure is a driving mechanism, the end of the main shaft is first controlled to be connected with the driving mechanism and is pre-fixed; then the photovoltaic customized component on the other end side is controlled, so that the bearing sleeve is nested in the bearing seat;

[0029] Case 2: when the previously installed structure is a photovoltaic customized component, the main shaft being installed is first controlled to be connected on the main shaft connecting lower clamps of the previously installed main shaft, and the main shaft connecting upper clamps on the main shaft being installed are covered on the previously installed main shaft and are fixed; then the photovoltaic customized component on the other end side is controlled, so that the bearing sleeve is nested in the bearing seat.

[0030] In a possible implementation, the hoisting of the photovoltaic customized components to the bearing seat and the fixing include: the photovoltaic customized components are hoisted to the bearing seat by the crane and are connected with the previously installed structures and are fixed, the photovoltaic customized components are fine-tuned, the bearing sleeve is fixed and connected with the bearing seat; after all the photovoltaic customized components are fixed, the photovoltaic assembly above the main shaft connecting place of the adjacent two photovoltaic customized components is installed.

[0031] Specifically, the following steps are included:

[0032] Step S40201, fixing the hoisting rope on the lifting tool;

[0033] Step S40202, using a crane to horizontally lift the photovoltaic customized piece and vertically lift it to make it come out of the upper end of the frame photovoltaic container;

[0034] Step S40203, hoisting the photovoltaic customized piece onto the bearing seat and connecting and fixing it with the previously installed structure;

[0035] Step S40204, removing the lifting tool and releasing the lifting state;

[0036] Step S40205, fine-tuning the photovoltaic customized piece and fixing the bearing sleeve and the bearing seat;

[0037] Step S40206, after all the photovoltaic customized pieces are fixed, installing the photovoltaic assembly above the connection between the main shafts of the two adjacent photovoltaic customized pieces.

[0038] In a possible implementation, the frame photovoltaic container comprises a container frame body, the container frame body has a clamping groove for clamping the main shafts at two ends of the photovoltaic customized piece, and a plurality of unidirectional support modules are uniformly arranged in the clamping groove in the vertical direction, and the unidirectional support modules support the main shafts of the photovoltaic customized piece from the bottom.

[0039] In a possible implementation, the unidirectional support module comprises two support blocks symmetrically hinged to the container frame body on both sides of the clamping groove, a limiting block fixed to the container frame body below the support blocks, and a reset spring connected between the support blocks and the container frame body; one end of the support block is hinged to the container frame body, and the other end is blocked in the clamping groove under the support of the limiting block to form a horizontal support surface, and the reset spring provides an elastic force for pressing the support block against the limiting block; when the support block is lifted by overcoming the elastic force of the reset spring, the horizontal support surface is rotated to a vertical state and the blocking of the clamping groove is released.

[0040] In a possible implementation, the bearing seat comprises a base and a limiting mechanism, the side surface of the base is provided with a mounting hole matched with a stand, and the upper end surface of the base is provided with a mounting hole matched with the photovoltaic customized piece; the limiting mechanism is a sleeve structure or a positioning column structure welded above the base.

[0041] Compared with the prior art, the present application at least discloses the following beneficial effects:

[0042] 1. The photovoltaic assembly can be installed in batches and on a large scale, greatly improving the installation efficiency, reducing the demand for personnel, and reducing the construction cost of the photovoltaic power station;

[0043] 2. The assembly link of the photovoltaic assembly and the photovoltaic support is transferred to the indoor, which greatly improves the working environment of the installation personnel, reduces the probability of suffering from occupational diseases of the installation personnel, and greatly improves the safety of the installation operation;

[0044] 3. The assembled photovoltaic transportation and installation operation can adapt to complex and rugged terrain, and improve the flexibility of photovoltaic power station construction;

[0045] 4. The photovoltaic prefabrication factory can continuously produce photovoltaic customized parts for 24 hours, and store them through the frame type photovoltaic container and the storage yard, so that the photovoltaic component installation is no longer the key factor restricting the construction period, and the construction period can be greatly shortened. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0046] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application or the prior art, the drawings needed to be used in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings in the following description only constitute some embodiments of the present application, and other drawings can also be obtained by those skilled in the art without creative labor on the basis of these drawings.

[0047] Figure 1 Flow chart of the installation method of the present application;

[0048] Figure 2 Flow chart of the assembly of the photovoltaic customized part in the present application;

[0049] Figure 3 Flow chart of the installation of the photovoltaic customized part in the present application;

[0050] Figure 4 Schematic diagram of the installation of the photovoltaic customized part in the present application;

[0051] Figure 5 Schematic diagram of the structure of the photovoltaic customized part in the present application;

[0052] Figure 6 Schematic diagram of the assembly of the lifting appliance in the present application;

[0053] Figure 7 Schematic diagram of the structure of the frame type photovoltaic container in the present application;

[0054] Figure 8 is Figure 7 Enlarged view of part A in the present application;

[0055] Figure 9 Schematic diagram of the assembly of the main shaft connection in the present application;

[0056] Figure 10 Schematic diagram of the assembly of the bearing seat and the bearing sleeve in the present application;

[0057] Figure 11 Schematic diagram of the hoisting of the internal photovoltaic customized part in the present application;

[0058] Figure 12 Schematic diagram of the hoisting of the external photovoltaic customized part in the present application.

[0059] In the figure: 1, photovoltaic pile foundation; 101, first pile foundation; 102, second pile foundation; 2, column; 3, bearing seat; 301, base; 302, limiting mechanism; 4, driving mechanism; 5, photovoltaic customization; 51, internal photovoltaic customization; 52, external photovoltaic customization; 501, main shaft; 502, bearing; 503, bearing sleeve; 504, purlin; 505, photovoltaic module; 506, main shaft connecting hoop; 50601, main shaft connecting upper hoop; 50602, main shaft connecting lower hoop; 507, lifting appliance; 6, frame type photovoltaic container; 601, container frame body; 602, one-way support module; 60201, support block; 60202, limiting block; 60203, reset spring; 7, crane; 8, sling. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0060] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be described clearly and completely below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present application. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present application, rather than all the embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative work fall within the scope of protection of the present application.

[0061] In order to make the above-mentioned purposes, features and advantages of the present application more obvious and easy to understand, the present application will be further described in detail below with reference to the drawings and specific embodiments. For the convenience of description, the following text is described by the direction of the structure pointing to the second pile foundation 102; the outside is the direction of the structure away from the second pile foundation 102; the upper is the direction of the ground vertically pointing to the sky; the lower is the direction of the sky vertically pointing to the ground.

[0062] Referring to Figure 1 The present application provides a tracking type photovoltaic efficient installation method to solve the problem of poor working environment and long time-consuming and high cost when manually installing photovoltaic support and photovoltaic module 505 in the prior art. The method comprises the following steps:

[0063] S1, photovoltaic power station early construction stage;

[0064] S2, photovoltaic array measurement stage;

[0065] S3, photovoltaic customization 5 prefabrication stage;

[0066] S4, photovoltaic customization 5 installation stage;

[0067] S5, installation stage of supporting equipment.

[0068] In the step S1 of the embodiment, the photovoltaic power station early construction stage comprises photovoltaic site construction and structural member installation. Specifically:

[0069] S101, photovoltaic site construction

[0070] Referring to Figure 11 , Figure 12 , the photovoltaic site is leveled and the photovoltaic pile foundation 1 is constructed; in this embodiment, the material of the photovoltaic pile foundation 1 is a PHC pipe pile, the pipe pile diameter is 300 mm, and the pipe pile spacing is 6.7 meters; a single photovoltaic array has a total of 5 pipe piles and is arranged in a structure with 1 second pile foundation 102 as the center and 2 first pile foundations 101 symmetrically distributed on both sides. Since the entire photovoltaic array structure is symmetrically distributed around the second pile foundation 102, the following will take half of the photovoltaic array as the demarcation line of the second pile foundation 102 as an example. For convenience of description, the photovoltaic custom part 5 with one end of the main shaft 501 connected to the driving mechanism 4 and the other end connected to another main shaft 501 is referred to as an internal photovoltaic custom part 51 (the side close to the second pile foundation 102 is internal), and the photovoltaic custom part 5 with one end of the main shaft 501 suspended and the other end connected to another main shaft 501 is referred to as an external photovoltaic custom part 52 (the side away from the second pile foundation 102 is external), as shown in detail in Figure 4 .

[0071] S102, structure installation

[0072] The column 2, bearing seat 3 and driving mechanism 4 are manually installed on the photovoltaic pile foundation 1, and the bearing seat 3 is adjusted to be aligned during installation. The bearing seat 3 includes a base 301 and a limiting mechanism 302; the side of the base 301 is provided with a mounting hole and can be fixed with the column 2 through bolts, and the upper end face is provided with a mounting hole and can be fixed with the bearing sleeve 503 through bolts; the limiting mechanism 302 is a tubular structure and is welded above the base 301; the limiting mechanism 302 can constrain the planar motion of the bearing sleeve 503 on the upper end face of the bearing seat 3, and a rectangular sleeve structure with a wide upper part and a narrow lower part fixed above the base 301 can be used, or a limiting hole structure can be used.

[0073] Referring to Figure 10 , in this embodiment, the limiting mechanism 302 is welded on the upper end face of the base 301 using two C-shaped steels, the inner distance of the two C-shaped steels is slightly greater than the length of the lower end face of the bearing sleeve 503, and the width is greater than the width of the bearing sleeve 503; at the same time, the upper end face of the limiting mechanism 302 is shaped like a trumpet mouth, and a waist hole is opened on the base 301 to facilitate the alignment and front and rear adjustment of the bearing sleeve 503.

[0074] Referring to Figure 10 , in some possible embodiments, a positioning column can also be provided on the bearing sleeve 503, and a positioning hole (or a positioning column is provided on the bearing sleeve 503, and a positioning hole is provided on the bearing seat 3) is provided on the bearing seat 3 to achieve the limiting function during hoisting of the photovoltaic custom part 5.

[0075] Referring to Figure 11 , Figure 12 As shown in the figure, in this embodiment, due to the existence of construction errors, the photovoltaic pile foundation 1 will be misaligned, skewed, and uneven, which is not conducive to the accurate installation of the photovoltaic customized part 5. Therefore, manual installation of the column 2, bearing seat 3 and driving mechanism 4 is still adopted. When installing, the bearing seat 3 after installation should be controlled to be on the same straight line and meet the requirements of the relevant acceptance specifications of the photovoltaic power station. When implementing on site, the bearing seats 3 at both ends can be installed first, and the axis position can be determined by pulling a line between the two bearing seats 3, and then the remaining three bearing seats 3 can be installed and the axis can be controlled on the pulling line.

[0076] In step S2 of this embodiment, the photovoltaic array measurement stage includes obtaining coordinates and calculating installation positions. Specifically:

[0077] S201, obtaining coordinates

[0078] The coordinates of the upper end surface centers of all bearing seats 3 are obtained by manual measurement or unmanned aerial vehicle measurement, forming a bearing seat 3 coordinate matrix;

[0079] In this embodiment, the distance from the upper end surface center point of the bearing seat 3 at one end to the starting point is measured by manual measurement, so as to obtain the spacing of each bearing seat 3.

[0080] S202, calculating installation positions

[0081] According to the bearing seat 3 coordinate matrix, the distribution spacing of each column 2 in each photovoltaic array is calculated, and the best installation position of each bearing 502 of each photovoltaic array is obtained;

[0082] In this embodiment, the driving mechanism 4 on the second pile foundation 102 is taken as the origin, and the actual measured spacing of each bearing seat 3 and the design position of each bearing 502 are combined to calculate the axial position of each bearing 502 on the corresponding main shaft 501.

[0083] In step S3 of this embodiment, the photovoltaic customized part 5 prefabrication stage includes setting a prefabrication factory, assembling the photovoltaic customized part 5, and packing and transporting. Specifically:

[0084] S301, setting a prefabrication factory

[0085] A photovoltaic prefabrication factory is arranged near the photovoltaic installation site; in this embodiment, the photovoltaic installation site is a mobile sand dune terrain, and the temperature is high and dry in summer, so the photovoltaic prefabrication factory is arranged at a flat and traffic-convenient position near the photovoltaic installation site. An air conditioner is arranged in the photovoltaic prefabrication factory to improve the working environment of personnel.

[0086] S302, assembling the photovoltaic customized part 5

[0087] Inside the photovoltaic prefabrication factory, the customized photovoltaic component 5 is assembled and coded according to the optimal installation position of bearing 502 using manual or automated installation methods;

[0088] Reference Figure 5 , Figure 6 As shown, in this embodiment, the photovoltaic custom component 5 includes a main shaft 501, a bearing 502, a bearing sleeve 503, a purlin 504, a photovoltaic module 505, a main shaft connecting clamp 506, a lifting device 507, and other photovoltaic power station structures located above the bearing seat 3.

[0089] Reference Figure 2 As shown, the assembly of photovoltaic custom component 5 includes the following steps:

[0090] S30201. Select the corresponding model of spindle 501 according to the position of photovoltaic custom component 5 in the photovoltaic array;

[0091] In this embodiment, if the photovoltaic custom component 5 is an internal photovoltaic custom component 51, the selected spindle 501 should be a structure in which one end is connected to the drive mechanism 4 and the other end is connected to another spindle 501; if the photovoltaic custom component 5 is an external photovoltaic custom component 52, the selected spindle 501 should be a structure in which one end is connected to another spindle 501 and the other end is suspended.

[0092] S30202: Install bearing 502 and bearing sleeve 503 on spindle 501 according to the optimal installation position of bearing 502;

[0093] S30203. Install the purlin 504 onto the corresponding position on the spindle 501;

[0094] S30204. Install the photovoltaic module 505 onto the corresponding position on the purlin 504, leaving the photovoltaic module 505 above the connection of the main shaft 501 uninstalled.

[0095] S30205. Based on the model of spindle 501, install the corresponding spindle connecting clamp 506; at this time, there are three possibilities:

[0096] Condition 1: When the end of the spindle 501 is not connected to other spindles 501, the spindle connection clamp 506 is not installed on that end.

[0097] Condition 2: When the end of the spindle 501 needs to overlap with the previously installed spindle 501, the spindle connection clamp 50601 is installed at this end;

[0098] Condition 3: When the end of the spindle 501 needs to overlap with the spindle 501 to be installed later, the spindle connection lower clamp 50602 shall be installed at this end.

[0099] Reference Figure 9As shown, in this embodiment, since the inner photovoltaic customization 51 is installed first, the inner end of the main shaft 501 of the inner photovoltaic customization 51 is not installed with the main shaft connecting hoop 506, and the outer end is installed with the main shaft connecting lower hoop 50602. As for the outer photovoltaic customization 52, the inner end of the main shaft 501 is installed with the main shaft connecting upper hoop 50601, and the outer end is not installed with the main shaft connecting hoop 506.

[0100] In some possible embodiments, there are photovoltaic customization 5 cases where both ends of the main shaft 501 are connected with other main shafts 501. In the case where the inner photovoltaic customization 51 is installed first, the inner end of the main shaft 501 is installed with the main shaft connecting upper hoop 50601, and the outer end is installed with the main shaft connecting lower hoop 50602. In other possible embodiments, there are cases where one end of the main shaft 501 is connected with the driving mechanism 4 and the other end is suspended. In this case, neither end of the main shaft 501 is installed with the main shaft connecting hoop 506.

[0101] S30206, measure the flatness of the photovoltaic customization 5 and whether the installation positions of the components meet the accuracy requirements, and if not, adjust until the accuracy requirements are met;

[0102] S30207, install the lifting device 507, which can be in the form of lifting lugs or lifting beams. The lifting device 507 is fixed on the purline 504 at both ends of the photovoltaic customization 5, and is bolted to the purline 504 by using the existing photovoltaic component 505 installation holes of the purline 504. The lifting point position is determined according to the photovoltaic component 505 installation hole position of the purline 504, and it is necessary to ensure that the photovoltaic customization 5 can be stably lifted.

[0103] Referring to Figure 5 , Figure 6 As shown, in this embodiment, two bolt holes for installing photovoltaic components 505 are opened on each side wing of each purline 504, and the bolt hole positions are symmetrically distributed along the axis of the main shaft 501. Therefore, by using the spare bolt holes on the purline 504 at both ends of the photovoltaic customization 5, a total of four lifting points are provided, which are symmetrically distributed along the axis of the main shaft 501 and the center line of the photovoltaic component 505 array, so as to ensure the stability of the photovoltaic customization 5 during lifting. At the same time, in order to prevent the photovoltaic components 505 from being scratched during lifting, the lifting device 507 is provided in the form of raised lifting lugs to ensure that the lifting position is higher than the photovoltaic components 505.

[0104] S303, packing and transportation

[0105] The photovoltaic customization 5 is loaded into the frame photovoltaic container 6 and moved to the photovoltaic customization 5 yard; the frame photovoltaic container 6 comprises a container frame body 601 and a one-way support module 602; the one-way support module 602 is arranged at both side ends of the container frame body 601 to support the main shaft 501, the position of the one-way support module 602 is determined according to the placement position of the main shaft 501 in the frame photovoltaic container 6, and the one-way support module 602 can be provided with multiple layers according to the allowable size requirement of the crane 7. The one-way support module 602 comprises a support block 60201, a limiting block 60202 and a reset spring 60203; the support block 60201 is installed on the container frame body 601 through the bearing 502, the limiting block 60202 is fixed on the container frame body 601, and the two ends of the reset spring 60203 are connected with the support block 60201 and the container frame body 601 respectively; the position of the limiting block 60202 needs to be ensured to support the support block 60201 in a horizontal posture, and the fixed positions of the two ends of the reset spring 60203 need to be ensured to pull back the support block 60201 in an inclined posture.

[0106] Referring to Figure 7 , Figure 8 In the embodiment, the photovoltaic assembly 505 of each photovoltaic customization 5 has a specification of 1x6, and there is one empty position of the photovoltaic assembly 505 at the connection position of the main shaft 501, so the length of each photovoltaic customization 5 is about 7.6 meters and the width is about 2.3 meters, and therefore the one-way support module 602 is provided with four layers, two photovoltaic customizations 5 are placed in each layer, and the height difference between the layers is 0.4 meters. Each one-way support module 602 is provided with two curved-arm-shaped support blocks 60201 for supporting the photovoltaic customization 5, two limiting blocks 60202 are arranged below the sides of the support blocks 60201 to provide a support reaction force, and two reset springs 60203 are arranged below the sides to pull the support blocks 60201 tightly. When the photovoltaic customization 5 is loaded, the photovoltaic customization 5 is lifted upward from the bottom end of the frame photovoltaic container 6 and loaded from the top layer downward in turn; when the photovoltaic customization 5 is hoisted, the photovoltaic customization 5 is lifted upward from the top end of the frame photovoltaic container 6 and moved out from the top layer downward in turn.

[0107] In step S4 of the embodiment, the photovoltaic customization 5 installation stage comprises hoisting the container, hoisting the photovoltaic customization 5, fixing and adjusting. Specifically:

[0108] S401, hoisting the container

[0109] The frame type photovoltaic container 6 loaded with the photovoltaic customization 5 is hoisted from the photovoltaic customization 5 yard to the photovoltaic array installation area by using the crane 7; the running mode of the crane 7 can be flexibly selected according to the construction site conditions, and the wheeled or tracked type can be selected; when the photovoltaic customization 5 is short, the truck crane can be used for installation, and when the photovoltaic customization 5 is long, the flat car can be used for transporting the photovoltaic customization 5 and the truck crane is used for hoisting operation. In the embodiment, the wheeled truck crane is used for hoisting operation.

[0110] S402, hoisting the photovoltaic customization 5

[0111] Each photovoltaic customization 5 is hoisted according to the code and fixed on the corresponding bearing seat 3 by using the crane 7, and the hoisting of the photovoltaic customization 5 has a sequence, which needs to start from the photovoltaic customization 5 with at least two supporting points and capable of self-stabilizing after being fixed; then the photovoltaic customization 5 connected with the photovoltaic customization 5 installed in the previous step is hoisted in sequence, until the photovoltaic customization 5 in the array is completely installed.

[0112] Referring to Figure 11 , Figure 12 In the embodiment, the driving mechanism 4 is a structure that has been installed and completed before the hoisting of the photovoltaic customization 5, so during installation, the internal photovoltaic customization 51 is installed and fixed first, and then the external photovoltaic customization 52 is installed and fixed, so as to ensure that each photovoltaic customization 5 can be kept stable after being released from hoisting.

[0113] The hoisting of each photovoltaic customization 5 includes the following steps:

[0114] S40201, fixing the lifting cable 8 on the lifting tool 507; in the embodiment, the lifting cable 8 with four lifting points is used to realize the hoisting operation; the lifting cable 8 can be selected from a steel wire rope or a flat hoisting belt.

[0115] S40202, using the crane 7 to horizontally hoist the photovoltaic customization 5 and vertically lift it to make the photovoltaic customization 5 come out from the upper end of the frame type photovoltaic container 6;

[0116] S40203, hoisting the photovoltaic customization 5 onto the bearing seat 3 and lapping and fixing with the previously installed structure, including the following two cases:

[0117] Case one, when the previously installed structure is the driving mechanism 4, first control the end of the main shaft 501 to be connected with the driving mechanism 4 and simply fixed by using a bolt or a pin; then control the photovoltaic customization 5 on the other side surface, so that the bearing sleeve 503 is nested in the bearing seat 3;

[0118] Case two, when the pre-installed structure is the photovoltaic customization 5, first control the main shaft 501 being installed to overlap on the pre-installed main shaft connecting lower hoop 50602, the connecting upper hoop on the main shaft 501 covers the pre-installed main shaft 501 and is fixed, and after aligning the installation hole position, it is simply fixed by using a bolt or a pin; then control the photovoltaic customization 5 on the other end side, so that the bearing sleeve 503 is nested in the bearing seat 3;

[0119] Referring to Figure 9 In the embodiment, the internal photovoltaic customization 51 conforms to case one, and the external photovoltaic customization 52 conforms to case two; when hoisting and aligning, whether the connection between the main shaft 501 of the internal photovoltaic customization 51 and the driving mechanism 4 or the connection between the main shaft 501 of the external photovoltaic customization 52 and the internal photovoltaic customization 51 is first simply fixed by using a bolt without being tightened, so as to reserve a subsequent adjustment space.

[0120] S40204, remove the lifting appliance 507 and release the hoisting state;

[0121] S40205, fine-tune the photovoltaic customization 5, and fix the connection between the bearing sleeve 503 and the bearing seat 3;

[0122] S40206, after all the photovoltaic customizations 5 are fixed, install the photovoltaic module 505 above the main shaft 501 connection. In the embodiment, 2 photovoltaic modules 505 are needed to be installed manually for each photovoltaic array.

[0123] In step S5 of the embodiment, the supporting equipment installation stage includes installing supporting equipment and system debugging. Specifically:

[0124] S501, install supporting equipment

[0125] Install the current collection box, inverter, grounding equipment and the like;

[0126] S502, system debugging

[0127] Debug the photovoltaic power generation system and complete the construction.

[0128] The details of the present application are well known to those skilled in the art.

[0129] In the description of the present application, it should be understood that the orientations or positional relationships indicated by the terms "longitudinal", "transverse", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer" and the like are based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present application, and therefore cannot be understood as indicating or implying that the devices or elements referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as limiting the present application.

[0130] The above-described embodiments are merely intended to describe the preferred modes of the present application, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present application. Various modifications and improvements of the present application made by those skilled in the art based on the above-described embodiments should fall within the scope of the present application defined by the claims.

Claims

1. A tracking photovoltaic high efficiency installation method, characterized in that, include: Step S1: Preliminary construction of photovoltaic power station, which includes site leveling, construction of photovoltaic pile foundation (1), installation of column (2), bearing seat (3) and drive mechanism (4) on photovoltaic pile foundation (1); Step S2, photovoltaic array measurement, the photovoltaic array measurement includes obtaining the coordinates of the bearing seat (3), calculating the distribution spacing of the columns (2), and determining the optimal installation position; Step S3: Prefabrication of photovoltaic custom parts (5), wherein the prefabrication of photovoltaic custom parts (5) includes assembling photovoltaic custom parts (5) and coding and packing them in a prefabrication plant; Step S4, photovoltaic custom component (5) installation, the photovoltaic custom component (5) installation includes using a frame photovoltaic container (6) to transport the photovoltaic custom component (5) to the installation area, using a crane (7) to lift the photovoltaic custom component (5) onto the bearing seat (3) and fix it; Step S5: Installation of supporting equipment, which includes installing combiner boxes, inverters, grounding equipment, and commissioning the photovoltaic power generation system; The photovoltaic custom component (5) includes a main shaft (501), a plurality of photovoltaic modules (505) mounted on the main shaft (501) via purlins (504), at least one bearing (502) and bearing sleeve (503) fixed to the main shaft (501), a main shaft connecting clamp (506) mounted near the end of the main shaft (501), and a lifting device (507) fixed to the purlins (504). The bearing (502) is used to connect with the bearing seat (3), and one end of the main shaft (501) is connected to the drive mechanism (4). The assembly of the photovoltaic custom component (5) includes: selecting a main shaft (501) of the corresponding model according to the position of the photovoltaic custom component (5) in the photovoltaic array; installing bearings (502) and bearing sleeves (503) on the main shaft (501), installing purlins (504) on the main shaft (501), and installing photovoltaic modules (505) on the purlins (504), with the photovoltaic modules (505) above the main shaft (501) at the connection position of two adjacent photovoltaic custom components (5) left uninstalled; installing the main shaft connecting clamp (506) according to the model of the main shaft (501); measuring and adjusting the flatness of the photovoltaic custom component (5) and the installation position of each photovoltaic module (505); and installing the hoist (507). The frame-type photovoltaic container (6) includes a container frame (601), which has a slot for accommodating the main shafts (501) at both ends of the photovoltaic custom part (5). Multiple unidirectional support modules (602) are evenly arranged in the slot along the vertical direction. The unidirectional support modules (602) support the main shafts (501) of the photovoltaic custom part (5) from the bottom. The unidirectional supporting module (602) comprises two symmetrical supporting blocks (60201) hinged on both sides of the container frame (601), a limiting block (60202) fixed on the container frame (601) below the supporting block (60201), and a reset spring (60203) connected between the supporting block (60201) and the container frame (601); one end of the supporting block (60201) is hinged on the container frame (601), and the other end is supported by the limiting block (60202) and blocked in the clamping groove to form a horizontal supporting surface, and the reset spring (60203) provides an elastic force for pressing the supporting block (60201) against the limiting block (60202); when the supporting block (60201) is lifted by overcoming the elastic force of the reset spring (60203), the horizontal supporting surface is rotated to a vertical state and the blocking of the clamping groove is released.

2. The tracking photovoltaic high efficiency installation method of claim 1, wherein, The main shaft connecting hoop (506) comprises a main shaft connecting lower hoop (50602) and a main shaft connecting upper hoop (50601); When the end of the main shaft (501) is not connected with other main shafts (501), the end is not provided with the main shaft connecting hoop (506); When the end of the main shaft (501) needs to be overlapped with the previously installed main shaft (501), the end is provided with the main shaft connecting upper hoop (50601); When the end of the main shaft (501) needs to be overlapped with the subsequently to be installed main shaft (501), the end is provided with the main shaft connecting lower hoop (50602).

3. The tracking photovoltaic high efficiency installation method of claim 1, wherein, In step S4, the photovoltaic customized part (5) is hoisted onto the bearing seat (3) and fixed by using the crane (7), which comprises the following steps: the photovoltaic customized part (5) is hoisted onto the bearing seat (3) and connected with the previously installed structure; when hoisting the photovoltaic customized part (5), the photovoltaic customized part (5) with at least two supporting points and capable of self-stabilization after being fixed is hoisted first, and then the next photovoltaic customized part (5) connected with the previously installed photovoltaic customized part (5) is hoisted in sequence, until the photovoltaic customized part (5) in a group of photovoltaic arrays is completely installed.

4. The tracking photovoltaic high efficiency installation method according to claim 3, wherein, The photovoltaic customized part (5) is hoisted onto the bearing seat (3) and connected with the previously installed structure, which comprises the following cases: In case one, when the previously installed structure is the driving mechanism (4), the end of the main shaft (501) is first controlled to be connected with the driving structure and pre-fixed; then the photovoltaic customized part (5) on the other end side is controlled, so that the bearing sleeve (503) is nested in the bearing seat (3); In case two, when the previously installed structure is the photovoltaic customized part (5), the main shaft (501) being installed is first controlled to be overlapped on the previously installed main shaft connecting lower hoop (50602), and the connecting upper hoop on the main shaft (501) is covered on the previously installed main shaft (501) and fixed; then the photovoltaic customized part (5) on the other end side is controlled, so that the bearing sleeve (503) is nested in the bearing seat (3).

5. The tracking photovoltaic high efficiency installation method according to claim 3, wherein, The use of the crane (7) hoists photovoltaic customization (5) to bearing seat (3) and fixed, including: using the crane (7) hoists photovoltaic customization (5) to bearing seat (3) and with the previous installation structure lap and fixed, fine-tuning photovoltaic customization (5), fixed connection bearing sleeve (503) and bearing seat (3); after all photovoltaic customization (5) fixed, installation adjacent two photovoltaic customization (5) main shaft (501) connection place above photovoltaic module (505).

6. The tracking photovoltaic high efficiency installation method according to claim 1, wherein, The bearing seat (3) includes base (301) and limiting mechanism (302), the base (301) side is provided with the installation hole matched with the stand (2), and the upper end surface of the base (301) is provided with the installation hole connected with the photovoltaic customization (5); the limiting mechanism (302) is a sleeve structure or a positioning column structure welded above the base (301).

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