Wireless energy transfer and feedback

Abstract

Certain aspects of the present disclosure provide a method for wireless communication by a transmitter that generally includes transmitting a first energy signal to a receiver and receiving feedback from the receiver regarding an energy state of the first energy signal as received at the receiver.

Description

[0001] CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

[0002] This application claims priority to U.S. patent application No. 17 / 812,357, filed on July 13, 2022, which is assigned to the assignee of the present application and is hereby expressly incorporated by reference in its entirety, as if fully set forth below and for all applicable purposes. Background Art Technical Field

[0003] Aspects of the present disclosure relate to wireless communications and, more particularly, to mechanisms for providing feedback for energy transfer to wireless devices.

[0004] Related technologies

[0005] Wireless communication systems are widely deployed to provide various telecommunication services such as telephony, video, data, messaging, broadcasts or other similar types of services. These wireless communication systems may employ multiple-access technologies capable of supporting communication with multiple users by sharing available wireless communication system resources with those users.

[0006] Although wireless communication systems have made tremendous technical progress over the years, challenges still exist. For example, complex and dynamic environments can still attenuate or block signals between wireless transmitters and wireless receivers. Therefore, there is a continued desire to improve the technical performance of wireless communication systems, including, for example: improving the speed and data carrying capacity of communications, improving the efficiency of using shared communication media, reducing the power used by transmitters and receivers when performing communications, improving the reliability of wireless communications, avoiding redundant transmission and / or reception and related processing, improving the coverage area of ​​wireless communications, increasing the number and types of devices that can access wireless communication systems, increasing the ability of different types of devices to communicate with each other, increasing the number and types of wireless communication media available for use, etc. Therefore, there is a need to further improve wireless communication systems to overcome the above-mentioned technical challenges and other challenges. Summary of the invention

[0007] One aspect provides a method for wireless communication by a transmitter. The method includes sending a first energy signal to a receiver; and receiving feedback from the receiver regarding an energy state of the first energy signal as received at the receiver.

[0008] Another aspect provides a method for wireless communication by a receiver. The method includes receiving a first energy signal from a transmitter; and sending feedback to the transmitter regarding an energy state of the first energy signal as received at the receiver.

[0009] Other aspects provide: an apparatus operable to, configured to, or otherwise adapted to perform any one or more of the foregoing methods and / or those described elsewhere herein; a non-transitory computer-readable medium comprising instructions that, when executed by a processor of the apparatus, cause the apparatus to perform the foregoing methods and those described elsewhere herein; a computer program product embodied on a computer-readable storage medium, the computer-readable storage medium comprising code for performing the foregoing methods and those described elsewhere herein; and / or an apparatus comprising components for performing the foregoing methods and those described elsewhere herein. By way of example, an apparatus may include a processing system, a device having a processing system, or a processing system cooperating through one or more networks.

[0010] For purposes of illustration, the following description and drawings set forth certain features. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0011] The accompanying drawings depict certain features of the various aspects described herein and should not be considered to limit the scope of the disclosure.

[0012] Figure 1 An example wireless communication network is depicted.

[0013] Figure 2 An example disaggregated base station architecture is depicted.

[0014] Figure 3 Aspects of an example base station and example user equipment are depicted.

[0015] Figure 4A , Figure 4B , Figure 4C and Figure 4D Various example aspects of data structures for a wireless communication network are described.

[0016] Figure 5 A radio frequency identification (RFID) system is illustrated.

[0017] Figure 6 The relationship between the separation distance and the received power of the RFID device is depicted.

[0018] Figure 7 Depicted is an example feedback from an energy receiver to an energy transmitter in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.

[0019] Figure 8 is a call flow diagram illustrating example signaling between an energy transmitter and an energy receiver according to aspects of the present disclosure.

[0020] Fig. 9A and Fig. 9BExample variations of energy signaling in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure are depicted.

[0021] Fig. 10A , Fig. 10B and Fig. 10C Depicted are example variations of feedback for energy signaling in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.

[0022] Fig.11 Depicting examples of different paths for feedback for energy signaling according to aspects of the present disclosure

[0023] Fig.12 A method for wireless communication is described.

[0024] Fig.13 A method for wireless communication is described.

[0025] Fig.14 Aspects of an example communications device are depicted.

[0026] Fig.15 Aspects of an example communications device are depicted. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0027] Aspects of the present disclosure provide apparatus, methods, processing systems, and computer-readable media for providing feedback for energy transfer to a wireless device, such as a radio frequency identification (RFID) tag.

[0028] A new generation of wireless devices may overcome conventional limitations of onboard energy storage devices by harvesting energy from wireless signals (e.g., radio frequency (RF) signals) to perform wireless communications. Such energy harvesting devices (e.g., user equipment) may include, for example, RFID devices (e.g., RFID tags) that are capable of receiving signals and "backscattering" them to another device to perform wireless communications. These aforementioned devices may typically be passive, in which case they do not include onboard energy storage devices and rely entirely on energy harvested from received signals to perform wireless communications (e.g., via backscattered signals). Thus, energy harvesting devices may be considered a type of user equipment (UE) that provides a low-cost and low-power solution for many applications in wireless communication systems.

[0029] One potential limitation in deploying RFID devices is that they typically only support short-range communications. For example, due to insufficient link budget issues, a reader may need to be separated from a passive Internet of Things (IoT) RFID device by less than 10 meters to make the interrogation signal strong enough. Therefore, the power link or downlink between the reader and the RFID tag can prove to be a bottleneck link. This is because the power harvesting circuits typically require relatively high input power to power the RFID device to ensure satisfactory cost and conversion efficiency. Attempts by the reader to interrogate an RFID device with insufficient input power result in wasted power and wasted signaling overhead.

[0030] However, aspects of the present disclosure provide feedback mechanisms in which RFID tags can provide information about received signals. In practice, the feedback can provide channel state information (CSI) to the reader, and the reader can take actions to help improve the link budget. For example, the reader can increase transmit power or perform beamforming to improve the link budget. Therefore, the feedback mechanism proposed herein can help ensure sufficient input power at the RFID device and avoid wasted power and signaling overhead.

[0031] Introduction to wireless communication networks

[0032] The techniques and methods described herein can be used in various wireless communication networks. Although various aspects may be described herein using terms commonly associated with 3G, 4G and / or 5G wireless technologies, various aspects of the present disclosure may also be applicable to other communication systems and standards not explicitly mentioned herein.

[0033] Figure 1 An example of a wireless communication network 100 is depicted in which various aspects described herein may be implemented.

[0034] In general, the wireless communication network 100 includes various network entities (alternatively, network elements or network nodes). A network entity is typically a communication device and / or a communication function performed by a communication device (e.g., user equipment (UE), base station (BS), component of a BS, server, etc.). For example, various functions of a network and various devices associated with and interacting with the network may be considered network entities. In addition, the wireless communication network 100 includes ground aspects, such as ground-based network entities (e.g., BS 102), and non-ground aspects, such as satellites 140 and aircraft 145, which may include airborne network entities (e.g., one or more BSs) capable of communicating with other network elements (e.g., ground BSs) and user equipment.

[0035] In the depicted example, the wireless communication network 100 includes a BS 102, a UE 104, and one or more core networks (such as an evolved packet core (EPC) 160 and a 5G core (5GC) network 190) that interoperate to provide communication services over various communication links (including wired and wireless links).

[0036] Figure 1 Various example UEs 104 are depicted, which may more generally include: a cellular phone, a smart phone, a Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) phone, a laptop, a personal digital assistant (PDA), a satellite radio, a global positioning system, a multimedia device, a video device, a digital audio player, a camera, a game console, a tablet, a smart device, a wearable device, a vehicle, an electric meter, a gas pump, a large or small kitchen appliance, a healthcare device, an implant, a sensor / actuator, a display, an Internet of Things (IoT) device, an Always-On (AON) device, an edge processing device, or other similar devices. UE 104 may also be more generally referred to as a mobile device, a wireless device, a wireless communication device, a station, a mobile station, a subscriber station, a mobile subscriber station, a mobile unit, a subscriber unit, a wireless unit, a remote unit, a remote device, an access terminal, a mobile terminal, a wireless terminal, a remote terminal, a handset, and others.

[0037] BS 102 communicates wirelessly with (e.g., sends signals to or receives signals from) UE 104 via communication link 120. Communication link 120 between BS 102 and UE 104 may include uplink (UL) (also referred to as a reverse link) transmissions from UE 104 to BS 102 and / or downlink (DL) (also referred to as a forward link) transmissions from BS 102 to UE 104. In various aspects, communication link 120 may use multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) antenna technology, including spatial multiplexing, beamforming, and / or transmit diversity.

[0038] BS 102 may generally include: NodeB, enhanced NodeB (eNB), next generation enhanced NodeB (ng-eNB), next generation NodeB (gNB or gNodeB), access point, base transceiver station, radio base station, radio transceiver, transceiver function, transmission and reception point, and / or other. Each of BS 102 may provide communication coverage for a corresponding geographic coverage area 110, which may sometimes be referred to as a cell, and may overlap in some cases (e.g., a small cell 102' may have a coverage area 110' that overlaps with the coverage area 110 of a macro cell). For example, a BS may provide communication coverage for a macro cell (covering a relatively large geographic area), a pico cell (covering a relatively small geographic area, such as a stadium), a femto cell (relatively small geographic area (e.g., a home)), and / or other types of cells.

[0039] Although BS102 is depicted as a single communication device in various aspects, BS102 can be implemented in various configurations. For example, one or more components of the base station may be decomposed, including a central unit (CU), one or more distributed units (DU), one or more radio units (RU), a near real-time (near RT) RAN intelligent controller (RIC), or a non-real-time (non-RT) RIC, to name a few examples. In another example, various aspects of the base station may be virtualized. More generally, a base station (e.g., BS102) may include components located at a single physical location or components located at various physical locations. In an example in which the base station includes components located at various physical locations, each component may perform a function so that each component together implements a function similar to that of a base station located at a single physical location. In some aspects, a base station including components located at various physical locations may be referred to as a decomposed radio access network architecture (such as an open RAN (O-RAN) or virtualized RAN (VRAN) architecture). Figure 2 An example decomposed base station architecture is depicted and described.

[0040] Different BSs 102 within the wireless communication network 100 may also be configured to support different radio access technologies (such as 3G, 4G, and / or 5G). For example, a BS 102 configured for 4G LTE (collectively referred to as the Evolved Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) Terrestrial Radio Access Network (E-UTRAN)) may interface with the EPC 160 via a first backhaul link 132 (e.g., an S1 interface). A BS 102 configured for 5G (e.g., 5G NR or Next Generation RAN (NG-RAN)) may interface with the 5GC 190 via a second backhaul link 184. The BSs 102 may communicate with each other directly or indirectly (e.g., via the EPC 160 or the 5GC 190) over a third backhaul link 134 (e.g., an X2 interface), which may be wired or wireless.

[0041] The wireless communication network 100 may subdivide the electromagnetic spectrum into various categories, frequency bands, channels, or other characteristics. In some aspects, the subdivision is provided based on wavelength and frequency, where frequency may also be referred to as a carrier, subcarrier, channel, tone, or subband. For example, 3GPP currently defines frequency range 1 (FR1) as including 410 MHz-7125 MHz, which is often (interchangeably) referred to as "below 6 GHz". Similarly, 3GPP currently defines frequency range 2 (FR2) as including 24,250 MHz-52,600 MHz, which is sometimes (interchangeably) referred to as "millimeter wave" ("mmW" or "mmWave"). A base station (e.g., a mmWave base station such as BS180) configured to communicate using mmWave / near mmWave radio bands may utilize beamforming (e.g., 182) with a UE (e.g., 104) to improve path loss and range.

[0042] The communication link 120 between the BS 102 and, for example, the UE 104 may be through one or more carriers, which may have different bandwidths (e.g., 5 MHz, 10 MHz, 15 MHz, 20 MHz, 100 MHz, 400 MHz, and / or other MHz) and may be aggregated in various aspects. The carriers may or may not be adjacent to each other. The allocation of carriers may be asymmetric with respect to DL and UL (e.g., more or fewer carriers may be allocated for DL ​​compared to UL).

[0043] Communications using higher frequency bands may have higher path loss and shorter range than communications at lower frequencies. Figure 1 180) may utilize beamforming 182 with UE 104 to improve path loss and range. For example, BS 180 and UE 104 may each include multiple antennas, such as antenna elements, antenna panels, and / or antenna arrays, to facilitate beamforming. In some cases, BS 180 may send beamformed signals to UE 104 in one or more transmit directions 182'. UE 104 may receive beamformed signals from BS 180 in one or more receive directions 182". UE 104 may also send beamformed signals to BS 180 in one or more transmit directions 182". BS 180 may also receive beamformed signals from UE 104 in one or more receive directions 182'. BS 180 and UE 104 may then perform beam training to determine the best receive and transmit directions for each of BS 180 and UE 104. It is noteworthy that the transmit direction and receive direction of BS 180 may be the same or different. Similarly, the transmit direction and receive direction of UE 104 may be the same or different.

[0044] Wireless communication network 100 also includes Wi-Fi AP 150 that communicates with Wi-Fi station (STA) 152 via communication link 154 in, for example, the 2.4 GHz and / or 5 GHz unlicensed spectrum.

[0045] Certain UEs 104 may communicate with each other using a device-to-device (D2D) communication link 158. The D2D communication link 158 may use one or more sidelink channels, such as a physical sidelink broadcast channel (PSBCH), a physical sidelink discovery channel (PSDCH), a physical sidelink shared channel (PSSCH), a physical sidelink control channel (PSCCH), and / or a physical sidelink feedback channel (PSFCH).

[0046] The EPC 160 may include various functional components, including: a mobility management entity (MME) 162, other MMEs 164, a serving gateway 166, a multimedia broadcast multicast service (MBMS) gateway 168, a broadcast multicast service center (BM-SC) 170, and / or a packet data network (PDN) gateway 172, such as in the depicted example. The MME 162 may communicate with a home subscriber server (HSS) 174. The MME 162 is a control node that handles signaling between the UE 104 and the EPC 160. In general, the MME 162 provides bearer and connection management.

[0047] Generally, user Internet Protocol (IP) packets are delivered through the Serving Gateway 166, which itself is connected to the PDN Gateway 172. The PDN Gateway 172 provides UE IP address allocation and other functions. The PDN Gateway 172 and the BM-SC 170 are connected to the IP Services 176, which may include, for example, the Internet, an Intranet, an IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS), a Packet Switched (PS) streaming media service, and / or other IP services.

[0048] The BM-SC 170 may provide functionality for MBMS user service provisioning and delivery. The BM-SC 170 may serve as an entry point for content provider MBMS delivery, may be used to authorize and initiate MBMS bearer services within a public land mobile network (PLMN), and / or may be used to schedule MBMS delivery. The MBMS Gateway 168 may be used to distribute MBMS services to BSs 102 belonging to a multicast broadcast single frequency network (MBSFN) area broadcasting a specific service, and / or may be responsible for session management (start / stop) and for collecting eMBMS related charging information.

[0049] 5GC 190 may include various functional components, including: access and mobility management function (AMF) 192, other AMFs 193, session management function (SMF) 194, and user plane function (UPF) 195. AMF 192 may communicate with unified data management (UDM) 196.

[0050] AMF 192 is a control node that handles signaling between UE 104 and 5GC 190. AMF 192 provides, for example, Quality of Service (QoS) flow and session management.

[0051] Internet Protocol (IP) packets are delivered through UPF 195, which is connected to IP Services 197 and provides UE IP address allocation and other functions for 5GC 190. IP Services 197 may include, for example, the Internet, Intranet, IMS, PS streaming services, and / or other IP services.

[0052] In various aspects, a network entity or network node may be implemented as a converged base station, a decomposed base station, a component of a base station, an integrated access and backhaul (IAB) node, a relay node, a sidelink node, to name a few examples.

[0053] Figure 2 An example disaggregated base station 200 architecture is depicted. The disaggregated base station 200 architecture may include one or more central units (CUs) 210 that may communicate directly with a core network 220 via a backhaul link, or indirectly with the core network 220 through one or more disaggregated base station units, such as a near real-time (near-RT) RAN intelligent controller (RIC) 225 via an E2 link, or a non-real-time (non-RT) RIC 215 associated with a service management and orchestration (SMO) framework 205, or both. The CU 210 may communicate with one or more distributed units (DUs) 230 via respective midhaul links, such as an F1 interface. The DU 230 may communicate with one or more radio units (RUs) 240 via respective fronthaul links. The RU 240 may communicate with respective UEs 104 via one or more radio frequency (RF) access links. In some implementations, a UE 104 may be served simultaneously by multiple RUs 240.

[0054] Each of the units (e.g., CU 210, DU 230, RU 240, and near-RT RIC 225, non-RT RIC 215, and SMO framework 205) may include or be coupled to one or more interfaces configured to receive or send signals, data, or information (collectively, signals) via a wired or wireless transmission medium. Each of the units or an associated processor or controller that provides instructions to the communication interface of the unit may be configured to communicate with one or more of the other units via a transmission medium. For example, the units may include a wired interface configured to receive or send signals to one or more of the other units via a wired transmission medium. Additionally or alternatively, the unit may include a wireless interface that may include a receiver, a transmitter, or a transceiver (such as a radio frequency (RF) transceiver) configured to receive or send signals, or both, to one or more of the other units on a wireless transmission medium.

[0055] In some aspects, CU 210 may host one or more higher layer control functions. Such control functions may include radio resource control (RRC), packet data convergence protocol (PDCP), service data adaptation protocol (SDAP), etc. Each control function may be implemented using an interface configured to communicate signals with other control functions hosted by CU 210. CU 210 may be configured to handle user plane functions (e.g., central unit-user plane (CU-UP)), control plane functions (e.g., central unit-control plane (CU-CP)), or a combination thereof. In some specific implementations, CU 210 may be logically split into one or more CU-UP units and one or more CU-CP units. When implemented in an O-RAN configuration, the CU-UP unit may communicate bidirectionally with the CU-CP unit via an interface (such as an E1 interface). As needed, CU 210 may be implemented to communicate with DU 230 for network control and signaling.

[0056] DU 230 may correspond to a logical unit that includes one or more base station functions for controlling the operation of one or more RUs 240. In some aspects, DU 230 may host one or more of a radio link control (RLC) layer, a medium access control (MAC) layer, and one or more high physical (PHY) layers (such as modules for forward error correction (FEC) encoding and decoding, scrambling, modulation and demodulation, etc.) at least in part according to a functional split such as those defined by the 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP). In some aspects, DU 230 may also host one or more low PHY layers. Each layer (or module) may be implemented using an interface that is configured to communicate signals with other layers (and modules) hosted by DU 230 or with control functions hosted by CU 210.

[0057] The lower layer functionality may be implemented by one or more RUs 240. In some deployments, the RU 240 controlled by the DU 230 may correspond to a logical node that hosts RF processing functions or low PHY layer functions (such as performing fast Fourier transform (FFT), inverse FFT (iFFT), digital beamforming, physical random access channel (PRACH) extraction and filtering, etc.), or both, based at least in part on a functional split (such as a lower layer functional split). In such an architecture, the RU 240 may be implemented to handle over-the-air (OTA) communications with one or more UEs 104. In some implementations, real-time and non-real-time aspects of control plane and user plane communications with the RU 240 may be controlled by the corresponding DU 230. In some scenarios, this configuration may enable the DU 230 and the CU 210 to be implemented in a cloud-based RAN architecture (such as a vRAN architecture).

[0058] The SMO framework 205 may be configured to support RAN deployment and provisioning of non-virtualized network elements and virtualized network elements. For non-virtualized network elements, the SMO framework 205 may be configured to support the deployment of dedicated physical resources for RAN coverage requirements, which may be managed via an operation and maintenance interface (such as an O1 interface). For virtualized network elements, the SMO framework 205 may be configured to interact with a cloud computing platform (such as an open cloud (O-Cloud) 290) to perform network element lifecycle management (such as instantiating virtualized network elements) via a cloud computing platform interface (such as an O2 interface). Such virtualized network elements may include, but are not limited to, CU 210, DU 230, RU 240, and near-RT RIC 225. In some specific implementations, the SMO framework 205 may communicate with hardware aspects of the 4G RAN (such as an open eNB (O-eNB) 211) via the O1 interface. Additionally, in some specific implementations, the SMO framework 205 may communicate directly with one or more RUs 240 via the O1 interface. The SMO framework 205 may also include a non-RT RIC 215 configured to support the functionality of the SMO framework 205 .

[0059] The non-RT RIC 215 may be configured to include logic functions that enable non-real-time control and optimization of RAN elements and resources, artificial intelligence / machine learning (AI / ML) workflows including model training and updating, or policy-based guidance of applications / features in the near-RT RIC 225. The non-RT RIC 215 may be coupled to or in communication with the near-RT RIC 225 (such as via an A1 interface). The near-RT RIC 225 may be configured to include logic functions that enable near-real-time control and optimization of RAN elements and resources via data collection and actions through an interface (such as via an E2 interface) that connects one or more CUs 210, one or more DUs 230, or both, and the O-eNB with the near-RT RIC 225.

[0060] In some implementations, in order to generate an AI / ML model to be deployed in the near-RT RIC 225, the non-RT RIC 215 may receive parameters or external enrichment information from an external server. This information may be utilized by the near-RT RIC 225 and may be received from a non-network data source or from a network function at the SMO framework 205 or the non-RT RIC 215. In some examples, the non-RT RIC 215 or the near-RT RIC 225 may be configured to tune RAN behavior or performance. For example, the non-RT RIC 215 may monitor long-term trends and patterns of performance and employ AI / ML models to perform corrective actions through the SMO framework 205 (such as via reconfiguration of O1) or via the creation of RAN management policies (such as A1 policies).

[0061] Figure 3 Aspects of an example BS 102 and UE 104 are depicted.

[0062] In general, BS 102 includes various processors (e.g., 320, 330, 338, and 340), antennas 334a-334t (collectively 334), transceivers 332a-332t (collectively 332) including modulators and demodulators, and other aspects that enable wireless transmission of data (e.g., data source 312) and wireless reception of data (e.g., data sink 339). For example, BS 102 can transmit and receive data between BS 102 and UE 104. BS 102 includes a controller / processor 340 that can be configured to implement various functions described herein related to wireless communication.

[0063] Generally speaking, the UE 104 includes various processors (e.g., 358, 364, 366, and 380), antennas 352a-352r (collectively 352), transceivers 354a-354r (collectively 354) including modulators and demodulators, and other aspects that enable wireless transmission of data (e.g., retrieved from a data source 362) and wireless reception of data (e.g., provided to a data sink 360). The UE 104 includes a controller / processor 380 that can be configured to implement various functions described herein related to wireless communications.

[0064] Regarding example downlink transmissions, BS 102 includes a transmit processor 320 that can receive data from a data source 312 and control information from a controller / processor 340. The control information can be for a physical broadcast channel (PBCH), a physical control format indicator channel (PCFICH), a physical HARQ indicator channel (PHICH), a physical downlink control channel (PDCCH), a group common PDCCH (GC PDCCH), and / or others. In some examples, the data can be for a physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH).

[0065] The transmit processor 320 may process (e.g., encode and symbol map) data and control information to obtain data symbols and control symbols, respectively. The transmit processor 320 may also generate reference symbols (such as for a primary synchronization signal (PSS), a secondary synchronization signal (SSS), a PBCH demodulation reference signal (DMRS), and a channel state information reference signal (CSI-RS)).

[0066] The transmit (TX) multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) processor 330 may perform spatial processing (e.g., pre-decoding) on ​​data symbols, control symbols, and / or reference symbols, where applicable, and may provide an output symbol stream to a modulator (MOD) in a transceiver 332a-332t. Each modulator in the transceiver 332a-332t may process a corresponding output symbol stream to obtain an output sample stream. Each modulator may further process (e.g., convert to analog, amplify, filter, and up-convert) the output sample stream to obtain a downlink signal. The downlink signals from the modulators in the transceivers 332a-332t may be transmitted via antennas 334a-334t, respectively.

[0067] To receive downlink transmissions, UE 104 includes antennas 352a-352r that can receive downlink signals from BS 102 and can provide received signals to demodulators (DEMODs) in transceivers 354a-354r, respectively. Each demodulator in transceivers 354a-354r can condition (e.g., filter, amplify, downconvert, and digitize) a corresponding received signal to obtain input samples. Each demodulator can further process the input samples to obtain received symbols.

[0068] A MIMO detector 356 may obtain received symbols from all demodulators in transceivers 354a-354r, perform MIMO detection on the received symbols if applicable, and provide detected symbols. A receive processor 358 may process (e.g., demodulate, deinterleave, and decode) the detected symbols, provide decoded data for the UE 104 to a data sink 360, and provide decoded control information to a controller / processor 380.

[0069] With respect to example uplink transmissions, the UE 104 also includes a transmit processor 364 that may receive and process data from a data source 362 (e.g., for a PUSCH) and control information from a controller / processor 380 (e.g., for a physical uplink control channel (PUCCH)). The transmit processor 364 may also generate reference symbols for reference signals (e.g., for a sounding reference signal (SRS)). The symbols from the transmit processor 364 may be pre-decoded by a TX MIMO processor 366, if applicable, further processed by a modulator in the transceivers 354a-354r (e.g., for SC-FDM), and transmitted to the BS 102.

[0070] At BS 102, uplink signals from UE 104 may be received by antennas 334 a-334 t, processed by demodulators in transceivers 332 a-332 t, detected by MIMO detector 336 if applicable, and further processed by receive processor 338 to obtain decoded data and control information transmitted by UE 104. Receive processor 338 may provide decoded data to data sink 339 and decoded control information to controller / processor 340.

[0071] Memory 342 and memory 382 may store data and program codes for BS 102 and UE 104, respectively.

[0072] The scheduler 344 may schedule UEs for data transmission on the downlink and / or uplink.

[0073] In various aspects, BS 102 may be described as sending and receiving various types of data associated with the methods described herein. In these contexts, "sending" may refer to various mechanisms for outputting data, such as outputting data from a data source 312, a scheduler 344, a memory 342, a transmit processor 320, a controller / processor 340, a TX MIMO processor 330, a transceiver 332a-332t, an antenna 334a-334t, and / or other aspects described herein. Similarly, "receiving" may refer to various mechanisms for obtaining data, such as obtaining data from an antenna 334a-334t, a transceiver 332a-332t, a RX MIMO detector 336, a controller / processor 340, a receive processor 338, a scheduler 344, a memory 342, and / or other aspects described herein.

[0074] In various aspects, the UE 104 may also be described as sending and receiving various types of data associated with the methods described herein. In these contexts, "sending" may refer to various mechanisms for outputting data, such as outputting data from a data source 362, a memory 382, ​​a transmit processor 364, a controller / processor 380, a TX MIMO processor 366, a transceiver 354a-354t, an antenna 352a-352t, and / or other aspects described herein. Similarly, "receiving" may refer to various mechanisms for obtaining data, such as obtaining data from an antenna 352a-352t, a transceiver 354a-354t, a RX MIMO detector 356, a controller / processor 380, a receive processor 358, a memory 382, ​​and / or other aspects described herein.

[0075] In some aspects, the processor may be configured to perform various operations (such as those associated with the methods described herein) and send (output) data to or receive (obtain) data from another interface configured to send or receive data, respectively.

[0076] Figure 4A , Figure 4B , Figure 4C and Figure 4D Describes a method for use in a wireless communication network such as Figure 1 Various aspects of the data structure of the wireless communication network 100).

[0077] Specifically, Figure 4A is a diagram 400 illustrating an example of a first subframe within a 5G (e.g., 5G NR) frame structure, Figure 4B is a diagram 430 illustrating an example of a DL channel within a 5G subframe, Figure 4C is a diagram 450 illustrating an example of a second subframe within a 5G frame structure, and Figure 4D FIG480 is a diagram illustrating an example of UL channels within a 5G subframe.

[0078] Wireless communication systems may utilize orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) with a cyclic prefix (CP) on both the uplink and downlink. Such systems may also support half-duplex operation using time division duplex (TDD). OFDM and single carrier frequency division multiplexing (SC-FDM) can be used to maximize the system bandwidth (e.g., Figure 4B and Figure 4D The modulation symbols may be transmitted in the frequency domain using OFDM and / or in the time domain using SC-FDM.

[0079] The wireless communication frame structure may be frequency division duplex (FDD), where for a particular set of subcarriers, subframes within the set of subcarriers are dedicated to either DL or UL. The wireless communication frame structure may also be time division duplex (TDD), where for a particular set of subcarriers, subframes within the set of subcarriers are dedicated to both DL and UL.

[0080] exist Figure 4A and Figure 4C In the wireless communication frame structure, TDD is used, where D is DL, U is UL, and X is used flexibly between DL / UL. The UE can be configured with a time slot format (dynamically configured by DL control information (DCI) or semi-statically / statically configured by radio resource control (RRC) signaling) through the received time slot format indicator (SFI). In the depicted example, the 10ms frame is divided into 10 equally sized 1ms subframes. Each subframe may include one or more time slots. In some examples, each time slot may include 7 or 14 symbols, depending on the time slot format. The subframe may also include micro-time slots, which typically have fewer symbols than the entire time slot. Other wireless communication technologies may have different frame structures and / or different channels.

[0081] In certain aspects, the number of time slots within a subframe is based on the time slot configuration and the parameter set. For example, for time slot configuration 0, different parameter sets (μ) 0 to 5 allow for 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, and 32 time slots per subframe, respectively. For time slot configuration 1, different parameter sets 0 to 2 allow for 2, 4, and 8 time slots per subframe, respectively. Thus, for time slot configuration 0 and parameter set μ, there are 14 symbols / time slot and 2μ time slots / subframe. The subcarrier spacing and symbol length / duration are a function of the parameter set. The subcarrier spacing may be equal to 2 μ × 15kHz, where μ is parameter set 0 to 5. Thus, parameter set μ=0 has a subcarrier spacing of 15kHz, and parameter set μ=5 has a subcarrier spacing of 480kHz. The symbol length / duration is inversely related to the subcarrier spacing. Figure 4A , Figure 4B , Figure 4C and Figure 4D An example is provided for slot configuration 0 with 14 symbols per slot and parameter set μ=2 with 4 slots per subframe. The slot duration is 0.25 ms, the subcarrier spacing is 60 kHz, and the symbol duration is approximately 16.67 μs.

[0082] like Figure 4A , Figure 4B , Figure 4C and Figure 4DAs depicted in , a resource grid can be used to represent a frame structure. Each time slot includes a resource block (RB) (also called a physical RB (PRB)) extending, for example, 12 consecutive subcarriers. The resource grid is divided into a plurality of resource elements (REs). The number of bits carried by each RE depends on the modulation scheme.

[0083] like Figure 4A As shown, some REs carry data for UEs (e.g. Figure 1 and Figure 3 The RS may include a demodulation RS (DMRS) and / or a channel state information reference signal (CSI-RS) for channel estimation at the UE. The RS may also include a beam measurement RS (BRS), a beam refinement RS (BRRS), and / or a phase tracking RS (PT-RS).

[0084] Figure 4B Examples of various DL channels within a subframe of a frame are illustrated.The Physical Downlink Control Channel (PDCCH) carries DCI within one or more Control Channel Elements (CCEs), each CCE comprising, for example, nine RE Groups (REGs), each REG comprising, for example, four consecutive REs in an OFDM symbol.

[0085] The primary synchronization signal (PSS) may be in symbol 2 of a particular subframe of a frame. The PSS is transmitted by a UE (e.g., Figure 1 and Figure 3 104) is used to determine subframe / symbol timing and physical layer identification.

[0086] A Secondary Synchronization Signal (SSS) may be within symbol 4 of a particular subframe of a frame. The SSS is used by the UE to determine the physical layer cell identity group number and radio frame timing.

[0087] Based on the physical layer identifier and the physical layer cell identifier group number, the UE can determine the physical cell identifier (PCI). Based on the PCI, the UE can determine the location of the aforementioned DMRS. The physical broadcast channel (PBCH) carrying the master information block (MIB) can be logically grouped with the PSS and SSS to form a synchronization signal (SS) / PBCH block. The MIB provides the system frame number (SFN) and the number of RBs in the system bandwidth. The physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH) carries user data, broadcast system information (such as system information blocks (SIBs)) that is not sent via the PBCH, and / or paging messages.

[0088] like Figure 4CAs shown, some REs carry DMRS for channel estimation at the base station (indicated as R for a specific configuration, but other DMRS configurations are also possible). The UE may send DMRS for PUCCH and DMRS for PUSCH. The PUSCH DMRS may be sent, for example, in the first one or two symbols of the PUSCH. The PUCCH DMRS may be sent in different configurations depending on whether a short PUCCH or a long PUCCH is sent and depending on the specific PUCCH format used. UE 104 may send a sounding reference signal (SRS). The SRS may be sent, for example, in the last symbol of a subframe. The SRS may have a comb structure, and the UE may send the SRS on one of the teeth of the comb. The SRS may be used by the base station for channel quality estimation to achieve frequency-dependent scheduling of the UL.

[0089] Figure 4D Examples of various UL channels within a subframe of a frame are illustrated. The PUCCH may be located at a position as indicated in one configuration. The PUCCH carries uplink control information (UCI), such as scheduling requests, channel quality indicator (CQI), precoding matrix indicator (PMI), rank indicator (RI), and HARQ ACK / NACK feedback. The PUSCH carries data and may additionally be used to carry a buffer status report (BSR), a power headroom report (PHR), and / or UCI.

[0090] Introduction to Energy Harvesting in RFID Systems

[0091] Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) is a rapidly growing technology that is impacting many industries due to its economic potential in inventory / asset management within warehouses, the Internet of Things (IoT), sustainable sensor networks in factories and / or agriculture, and smart homes, to name a few example applications. RFID technology consists of an RFID device (or backscatter device), such as a transponder or tag, which transmits an information-bearing signal upon receiving an excitation signal.

[0092] In some aspects, RFID devices may operate without a battery. Typically, RFID devices that operate without a battery are referred to as passive RFID devices. Passive RFID devices may operate by harvesting energy from received radio frequency signals (e.g., "over the air") to power receive and transmit circuits within the RFID device. This harvested energy allows the passive RFID device to transmit information, sometimes referred to as backscatter modulated information, without requiring a local power source within the RFID device. On the other hand, in some aspects, RFID devices may be semi-passive and include onboard energy storage to supplement their ability to harvest energy from received signals (however, at a higher cost).

[0093] In some aspects, in addition to harvesting power from RF sources, energy harvesting devices can also accumulate energy from other direct energy sources (such as solar energy) to supplement their power needs. In some cases, semi-passive energy harvesting devices can include power-consuming RF components such as analog-to-digital converters (ADCs), mixers, and oscillators.

[0094] Therefore, RFID devices are user equipment that provide low-cost and low-power solutions for many applications in wireless communication systems. Such devices can be very high-efficiency, sometimes requiring less than 0.1mW of power to operate. In addition, its relatively simple architecture and lack of batteries in some cases mean that such devices can be small, lightweight and easy to install or integrate into many types of environments or host devices. In general, RFID devices provide practical and necessary solutions for many networking applications that require low-cost, small footprint, durable, maintenance-free and long-life communication devices. For example, RFID devices can be configured as long-durability industrial sensors, which alleviates the problem of replacing batteries in and around dangerous machines.

[0095] Figure 5 An RFID system 500 is shown. As shown, the RFID system 500 includes a reader 510 and an RFID tag 550. The reader 510 may also be referred to as an interrogator or a scanner. The RFID tag 550 may also be referred to as an interrogator, an RFID tag, or an electronic tag. In some aspects, the reader 510 is a network entity (e.g., such as a gNB), and the RFID tag 550 is a user equipment (UE).

[0096] The reader 510 includes an antenna 520 and an electronic unit 530. The antenna 520 radiates signals sent by the reader 510 and receives signals from RFID tags and / or other devices. The electronic unit 530 may include a transmitter and a receiver for reading RFID tags such as RFID tag 550. The same pair of transmitter and receiver (or another pair of transmitter and receiver) may support two-way communication with a wireless network, a wireless device, etc. The electronic unit 530 may include a processing circuit (e.g., a processor) to perform processing on data sent and received by the RFID reader 510.

[0097] As shown, the RFID tag 550 includes an antenna 560 and a data storage element 570. The antenna 560 radiates the signal transmitted by the RFID tag 550 and receives the signal from the RFID reader 510 and / or other devices. The data storage element 570 stores the information for the RFID tag 550 in, for example, an electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM) or another type of memory. The RFID tag 550 may also include an electronic unit that can process the received signal and generate a signal to be transmitted.

[0098] In some aspects, the RFID tag 550 can be a passive RFID tag without a battery. In this case, induction can be used to power the RFID tag 550. For example, in some cases, the magnetic field from the signal sent by the reader 510 can induce a current in the RFID tag 550, and the RFID tag can then operate based on the induced current. The RFID tag 550 can radiate its signal in response to receiving a signal from the RFID reader 510 or some other device. In certain other aspects, the RFID tag 550 can optionally include an energy storage device 590, such as a battery, a capacitor, etc., for storing energy harvested using the energy harvesting circuit 555, as described below.

[0099] In one example, the RFID tag 550 can be read by placing the reader 510 near the RFID tag 550. The reader 510 can radiate a first signal 525 via the antenna 520. In some cases, the first signal 525 can be referred to as an interrogation signal or an energy signal. In some cases, the energy of the first signal 525 can be coupled from the reader antenna 520 to the RFID tag antenna 560 via magnetic coupling and / or other phenomena. In other words, the RFID tag 550 can receive the first signal 525 from the reader 510 via the antenna 560, and the energy of the first signal 525 can be harvested using an energy harvesting circuit 555 (e.g., an RF transducer) and used to power the RFID tag 550. For example, the energy of the first signal 525 received by the RFID tag 550 can be used to power the microprocessor 545 of the RFID tag 550. The microprocessor 545 can then retrieve information stored in the data storage element 570 of the RFID tag 550 and send the retrieved information via the second signal 535 using the antenna 560. For example, in some cases, the microprocessor 545 can generate the second signal 535 by modulating a baseband signal (e.g., a baseband signal generated using the energy of the first signal 525) with information retrieved from the data storage element 570. In some cases, this second signal 535 can be referred to as a backscatter modulated information signal. Thereafter, as described above, the microprocessor 545 sends the second signal 535 to the reader 510. The reader 510 can receive the second signal 535 from the RFID tag 550 via the antenna 520, and can process (e.g., demodulate) the received signal to obtain the information of the data storage element 570 transmitted in the second signal 535.

[0100] In some cases, the RFID system 500 may be designed to operate at 13.56 MHz or some other frequency (e.g., the ultra-high frequency (UHF) band at 900 MHz). The reader 510 may have a specified maximum transmit power level, which may be imposed by the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) in the United States or other regulatory agencies in other countries. The specified maximum transmit power level of the reader 510 may limit the distance at which the RFID tag 550 can be read by the reader 510.

[0101] Wireless technologies are increasingly useful in industrial applications such as ultra-reliable low-latency communications (URLLC) and machine-type communications (MTC). In such and other areas, it is desirable to support devices (e.g., passive RFID tags) that can harvest energy (e.g., RF signals, thermal energy, solar energy, etc.) from wireless energy sources (e.g., instead of or in combination with batteries or other energy storage devices (e.g., capacitors)).

[0102] Aspects related to wireless energy transfer and feedback

[0103] Aspects of the present disclosure provide apparatus, methods, processing systems, and computer-readable media for providing feedback for energy transfer to a wireless device, such as a radio frequency identification (RFID) tag.

[0104] As mentioned above, one potential limitation of deploying RFID devices is that they typically only support short-range communications. For example, a reader may need to be separated from a passive Internet of Things (IoT) RFID device by less than 10 meters in order for the interrogation signal to be strong enough for the RF power harvesting (PH) circuit on the RFID device. Such circuits may have nonlinear input power requirements (e.g., due to diodes) and may require input power above a threshold to operate.

[0105] For example, Figure 6 As shown in , the input power may need to be above the RF integrated circuit (RFIC) threshold 604 (e.g., approximately -13 dBm) to trigger (turn on) the PH circuit (due to the turn-on voltage of the diode). As shown in curve 602, even under idealized conditions (referred to as the Friis link budget), the spacing between the reader and the RFID may still need to be less than 10 meters to meet this threshold. The Friis link budget generally corresponds to the power received by one antenna under idealized conditions (assuming that the other antenna is transmitting a known amount of power at a certain distance away).

[0106] In addition, the PH circuit can have frequency selective conversion efficiency (e.g., more efficient at lower frequencies due to diode junction capacitance and resistance). Figure 6As shown in , reflections from multipath effects can also cause fading of the energy signal and degrade range. For example, multipath effects on cardboard (606) can reduce the allowable separation distance to 2 meters to ensure that the RFIC threshold is met, while multipath effects on more reflective media (e.g., aluminum as shown in 608) can make it virtually impossible to meet the RFIC threshold.

[0107] However, aspects of the present disclosure may provide a feedback mechanism in which an RFID tag may provide information about the received signal. In practice, the feedback may provide channel state information (CSI) to the reader, which may take actions to help improve the link budget. For example, the reader may be able to increase transmit power or perform beamforming to improve the link budget and mitigate fading. Thus, the feedback mechanism proposed herein may help ensure adequate input power at the RFID device and avoid wasted power and signaling overhead.

[0108] Figure 7 An overview of the energy transfer (ET) feedback mechanism proposed herein is provided. As shown, a transmitter 702 (e.g., a reader such as a UE or a gNB) may transmit an energy signal to a receiver 704 (e.g., a UE such as a passive RFID tag). The receiver 704 may transmit a signal with ET feedback.

[0109] Figure 8 The call flow diagram 800 of FIG. 800 shows how ET feedback from one or more receivers 802 can be used by a transmitter 804 for subsequent transmissions. In some aspects, the transmitter 802 is a reader, such as Figure 5 RFID reader 510 is shown in FIG. 1 , and receiver 804 is a passive RFID tag such as Figure 5 802 can be another type of wireless communication device (e.g., a network entity, a network node, etc.), and similarly, the receiver 804 can be another type of wireless communication device (e.g., a UE, etc.), such as those described herein.

[0110] As shown, a transmitter 802 may transmit a first energy signal to a receiver 804. The energy signal may be transmitted using different waveforms and, in some cases, may be beamformed / precoded toward a particular direction.

[0111] In some cases, the energy signal may contain information about the expected ER that may respond (with feedback). Although the transmitter may allow any receiver to respond, in some cases the transmitter may only allow receivers with the receiver ID indicated in the energy signal. As will be described in more detail below, the energy signal may also include other information, such as an energy threshold that the receiver may use to determine when to respond with feedback.

[0112] As shown, a receiver 804 receiving an energy signal may provide energy status feedback to a transmitter 804. For example, a receiver 804 may decode information in the energy signal (such as an energy threshold and a receiver ID) to determine whether it should provide feedback. For example, a receiver receiving an energy signal below a threshold may provide feedback to request charging. In some cases, more than one receiver may respond with feedback.

[0113] As shown at 810, the transmitter 802 may receive the feedback and determine one or more transmission characteristics of the second energy signal based on the feedback. For example, the transmitter 802 may attempt to optimize its energy waveform and / or beamforming direction of the second energy signal transmission to the receiver 804.

[0114] like Fig. 9A As shown in , the transmitter may transmit a beamformed energy signal in a selected direction from the transmitter location. Similarly, feedback from the receiver may be received from different beam directions. This may allow the transmitter to decide the direction in which to transmit a subsequent energy signal. For example, if the transmitter receives a feedback signal in multiple received beam directions, it may determine which beam direction has the strongest received signal and transmit a subsequent energy signal in the corresponding direction (e.g., assuming reciprocity). Similarly, the transmitter may adjust the transmit power of a subsequent energy signal based on the fed-back received signal strength.

[0115] As described above, the energy signal may contain information about the receiver IDs, indicating which receivers are allowed (or requested) to provide energy status feedback. In some cases, the energy signal may also indicate an energy threshold below (or above) a level to which the receiver can respond. For example, the threshold level may indicate that the receiver will respond with feedback if its energy storage falls below 50% of its capacity. Instead of a percentage, an absolute threshold (e.g., in terms of X mJ) may be specified.

[0116] like Fig. 9BAs shown in , in some cases, the transmitter may scan the carrier phase or frequency of the energy signal. Scanning the carrier phase may be performed, for example, in the context of positioning (e.g., according to a VHF omnidirectional range or VOR signal). In this case, the carrier signal may be broadcast in all directions with different phases by effectively rotating the transmit antenna (e.g., mechanically or electrically). In this case, the ER feedback may be received with different phases.

[0117] Frequency scanning can be performed in the context of object detection (e.g., frequency modulation based continuous wave FMCW radar). In this case, a carrier signal can be broadcast in all directions at different frequencies, and receiver feedback can be received at different frequencies.

[0118] In some cases, the energy signal may include information using some form of modulation, such as on-off keying (OOK), frequency shift keying (FSK), or phase shift keying (PSK).

[0119] The ER may decode the energy signal for feedback configuration information. For example, the configuration information may include one or more receiver IDs, energy thresholds, or the type of feedback scheme. For example, the feedback scheme may be time division multiplexing (TDM), where different receivers send feedback at different times; frequency division multiplexing (FDM), where different receivers send feedback on different frequencies; or as a single frequency network (SFN), where different receivers use the same frequency resources to transmit (e.g., the same feedback) (and the feedback signals are effectively combined over the air).

[0120] As described above, the energy threshold may be indicated as a percentage of the receiver's storage or as an amount of minimum required energy in Joules. In some cases, the transmitter may select the energy threshold based on its anticipated subsequent communications and the estimated energy requirements of that communication. In other words, longer communications may require more energy, and the threshold may be set accordingly so that the transmitter can ensure that the receiver has sufficient energy. As will be described in more detail below, in some cases, the transmitter may configure more than one energy threshold for feedback.

[0121] If the receiver meets the feedback conditions, the receiver will send feedback to indicate its energy status. The transmitter can adjust accordingly. For example, based on the feedback, the transmitter can send energy signals for a longer time towards a specific UE or direction.

[0122] For example, Fig. 10AAs shown in , feedback from receiver 1004 may indicate low energy and that the receiver may need a longer charging time. Based on this feedback, transmitter 1002 may send a subsequent energy signal for a longer duration (e.g., which may be determined based on an energy threshold) to allow charging. In this example, receivers that require a longer charge (e.g., ER1 and ER2) may send feedback, while other UEs (receivers) with energy above the threshold will not send.

[0123] As an alternative, Fig. 10B As shown in , feedback from receiver 1004 may indicate (sufficiently) high energy and the receiver may not need charging. In this case, UEs with energy states above the energy threshold may send feedback. The transmitter may send an energy signal to charge other UEs that do not report feedback. This method may allow a low-power receiver to perform power harvesting without spending energy on sending feedback.

[0124] like Fig. 10C As shown in , a hybrid approach may allow a receiver to send an indication of high or low energy. For example, a receiver may be configured to send a first type of feedback (such as ER1 in the example shown) if it is below a first energy threshold, or to send a second type of feedback (such as ER2 in the example shown) if it is above a second energy threshold. The first and second types of feedback may be distinguished, for example, via waveform type, FDM, TDM, or modulation type. In this case, the second energy threshold is higher than the first threshold, and the actual value may be determined based on various considerations. For example, a mission-critical receiver (e.g., an IoT RFID in a factory floor) may not be allowed to reach storage levels that are too low.

[0125] The ET can dynamically choose whether to configure one or more receivers to send feedback to indicate low energy (according to Fig. 10A ), high energy (according to Fig. 10B ), or both (according to Fig. 10C ). The decision which one to choose may depend, for example, on the operating conditions or the types of receivers and their intended use.

[0126] The feedback may be sent using a different waveform, such as backscatter (as used in RFID for low power consumption) or some other type of transmission, such as Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE).

[0127] As mentioned above and as Fig.11 As shown in , in some cases, multiple receivers can send feedback simultaneously. If an SFN scheme is used, all receivers sending feedback can use the same time and frequency resources. In this case, the feedback signals can be accumulated (constructively or destructively) in the air.

[0128] In some cases, the receivers may use frequency hopping to send feedback. In this case, each receiver may select a frequency resource at any given time based on a frequency hopping pattern, which may help avoid multipath reflections (which destructively accumulate). In this case, different receivers may apply different frequency hopping patterns, which may help avoid receiver feedback signals from destructively accumulating.

[0129] In the case of using a TDM scheme, each receiver may be provided with an indication of the time resources used for its feedback signal. In the case of using an FDM scheme, each receiver may be provided with an indication of the frequency resources used for its feedback signal. In the case of using a code division multiplexing (CDM) scheme, each receiver may be assigned an indication of the code resources used for its feedback signal. With these various options, one may still attempt to apply frequency hopping to avoid destructively accumulating signals due to multipath effects.

[0130] Example Operation of the Transmitter

[0131] Fig.12 An example of a method 1200 for wireless communication by a transmitter is shown. In some aspects, the transmitter is a UE, such as Figure 1 and Figure 3 UE 104. In some aspects, the transmitter is a network entity such as Figure 1 and Figure 3 BS102 or as relative to Figure 2 The decomposed base station in question.

[0132] Method 1200 begins at step 1205, where a first energy signal is sent to a receiver. In some cases, the operation of this step is as described in reference Fig.14 The described circuits for transmitting and / or codes for transmitting, or may be executed by the circuits and / or the codes.

[0133] The method 1200 then proceeds to step 1210, receiving feedback from the receiver regarding the energy state of the first energy signal as received at the receiver. In some cases, the operation of this step refers to the operation of Fig.14 The described circuits for receiving and / or codes for receiving may be or may be executed by the circuits and / or codes.

[0134] In some aspects, method 1200 also includes determining one or more transmission characteristics based on the feedback. In some cases, the operation of this step refers to the Fig.14 The described circuits for determining and / or codes for determining may be performed by or may be executed by the circuits and / or the codes.

[0135] In some aspects, method 1200 further includes transmitting a second energy signal to the receiver according to one or more transmission characteristics. In some cases, the operation of this step refers to the operation of Fig.14 The described circuits for transmitting and / or codes for transmitting, or may be executed by the circuits and / or the codes.

[0136] In some aspects, the one or more transmit characteristics include at least one of transmit power, transmit direction, or transmit duration.

[0137] In some aspects, method 1200 further includes transmitting information to a receiver via the first energy signal. In some cases, the operation of this step refers to the operation of Fig.14 The described circuits for delivering and / or codes for delivering, or may be executed by the circuits and / or the codes.

[0138] In some aspects, the information includes at least one of: an ID of the receiver; or at least one energy threshold level that determines when the receiver will send feedback.

[0139] In some aspects, at least one energy threshold level is conveyed as a percentage of the receiver's energy storage or as an amount of energy.

[0140] In some aspects, method 1200 also includes selecting at least one energy threshold level based on an estimated energy requirement for subsequent communications with the receiver. In some cases, the operation of this step refers to the operation described in reference to Fig.14 The circuit for selecting and / or the code for selecting are described, or can be executed by the circuit and / or the code.

[0141] In some aspects, the at least one energy threshold level includes a first threshold level below which the receiver will send feedback and a second threshold level above which the receiver will send feedback.

[0142] In some aspects, the method 1200 further includes sending a second energy signal to the receiver, wherein the first energy signal and the second energy signal are sent from the transmitter in different directions. In some cases, the operation of this step refers to the operation of Fig.14 The described circuits for transmitting and / or codes for transmitting, or may be executed by the circuits and / or the codes.

[0143] In some aspects, the method 1200 further includes receiving feedback from the receiver regarding the energy state of the second energy signal as received at the receiver. In some cases, the operation of this step refers to as described in reference Fig.14 The described circuits for receiving and / or codes for receiving may be or may be executed by the circuits and / or codes.

[0144] In some aspects, the first energy signal is transmitted with a carrier signal having a first carrier phase; and the second energy signal is transmitted with a carrier signal having a second carrier phase.

[0145] In some aspects, the first energy signal is transmitted with a first carrier signal having a first carrier frequency; and the second energy signal is transmitted with a second carrier signal having a second carrier frequency.

[0146] In one aspect, method 1200 or any aspect related thereto may be performed by an apparatus such as Fig.14 The method 1200 is performed by a communication device 1400, which includes various components that are operable, configured, or adapted to perform the method 1200. The communication device 1400 is described in more detail below.

[0147] It should be noted that Fig.12 This is merely one example of a method, and other methods including fewer, additional, or alternative steps may also be consistent with the present disclosure.

[0148] Example Operation of Receiver

[0149] Fig.13 An example of a method 1300 for wireless communication by a receiver is shown. In some aspects, the receiver is a UE, such as Figure 1 and Figure 3 UE 104. In some aspects, the receiver is a network entity such as Figure 1 and Figure 3 BS102 or as relative to Figure 2 The decomposed base station in question.

[0150] Method 1300 begins at step 1305, where a first energy signal is received from a transmitter. In some cases, the operation of this step is as described in reference Fig.15 The described circuits for receiving and / or codes for receiving may be or may be executed by the circuits and / or codes.

[0151] Then, the method 1300 proceeds to step 1310, sending feedback to the transmitter regarding the energy state of the first energy signal as received at the receiver. In some cases, the operation of this step refers to the operation of Fig.15 The described circuits for transmitting and / or codes for transmitting, or may be executed by the circuits and / or the codes.

[0152] In some aspects, the method 1300 further includes receiving a second energy signal from the transmitter after sending the feedback. In some cases, the operation of this step refers to the Fig.15 The described circuits for receiving and / or codes for receiving may be or may be executed by the circuits and / or codes.

[0153] In some aspects, the method 1300 further includes decoding the first energy signal to obtain information. In some cases, the operation of this step refers to the operation of Fig.15 The described circuit for decoding and / or code for decoding may be performed by the circuit and / or the code.

[0154] In some aspects, the information includes at least one of: an ID of the receiver; or at least one energy threshold level that determines when the receiver will send feedback.

[0155] In some aspects, at least one energy threshold level is indicated as a percentage of receiver energy storage or as an amount of energy.

[0156] In some aspects, the receiver is configured to send feedback if the first energy signal is received at an energy level below at least one energy threshold level.

[0157] In some aspects, the receiver is configured to send feedback if the first energy signal is received at an energy level above at least one energy threshold level.

[0158] In some aspects, the at least one energy threshold level includes a first threshold level and a second threshold level; and the receiver is configured to send feedback if the first energy signal is received at an energy level below the first threshold level or above the second threshold level.

[0159] In some aspects, feedback is sent via backscatter or a BLE waveform.

[0160] In some aspects, the method 1300 also includes determining time and frequency resources for sending feedback. In some cases, the operation of this step refers to or can be performed by reference to Fig.15 The described circuits for determining and / or codes for determining are performed.

[0161] In some aspects, time and frequency resources are determined based on an allocation of time and frequency resources shared by multiple receivers.

[0162] In some aspects, frequency resources are determined based on frequency hopping.

[0163] In some aspects, the frequency hopping is based on a frequency hopping pattern assigned to the receiver.

[0164] In some aspects, the time and frequency resources are determined based on at least one of a time resource, a frequency resource, or a code resource allocated to the receiver.

[0165] In one aspect, method 1300 or any aspect related thereto may be performed by an apparatus such as Fig.15The method 1300 is performed by a communication device 1500, which includes various components that are operable, configured, or adapted to perform the method 1300. The communication device 1500 is described in more detail below.

[0166] It should be noted that Fig.13 This is merely one example of a method, and other methods including fewer, additional, or alternative steps may also be consistent with the present disclosure.

[0167] Example Communication Device

[0168] Fig.14 Depicted are aspects of an example communications device 1400. In some aspects, the communications device 1400 is user equipment, such as described above with respect to Figure 1 and Figure 3 UE 104 is described. In some aspects, communication device 1400 is a network entity such as Figure 1 and Figure 3 BS 102 or as relative to Figure 2 The decomposed base station in question.

[0169] The communication device 1400 includes a processing system 1405 coupled to a transceiver 1475 (e.g., a transmitter and / or a receiver). In some aspects (e.g., when the communication device 1400 is a network entity), the processing system 1405 can be coupled to a network interface 1485 that is configured to communicate with the communication device 1400 via a communication link (such as, for example, as described herein with respect to Figure 2 The processing system 1405 may be configured to perform processing functions of the communication device 1400, including processing signals received and / or to be transmitted by the communication device 1400.

[0170] The processing system 1405 includes one or more processors 1410. In various aspects, such as with respect to Figure 3 As depicted, the one or more processors 1410 may represent one or more of the receive processor 358, the transmit processor 364, the TX MIMO processor 366, and / or the controller / processor 380. In various aspects, as with respect to Figure 3As described, the one or more processors 1410 may represent one or more of the receive processor 338, the transmit processor 320, the TX MIMO processor 330, and / or the controller / processor 340. The one or more processors 1410 are coupled to the computer-readable medium / memory 1440 via the bus 1470. In some aspects, the computer-readable medium / memory 1440 is configured to store instructions (e.g., computer-executable code) that, when executed by the one or more processors 1410, cause the one or more processors 1410 to perform operations relative to the computer-readable medium / memory 1440. Fig.12 The described method 1200 or any aspect related thereto. It should be noted that references to a processor performing a function of the communication device 1400 may include one or more processors 1410 performing that function of the communication device 1400 .

[0171] In the depicted example, computer readable medium / memory 1440 stores code (e.g., executable instructions) such as code for sending 1445, code for receiving 1450, code for determining 1455, code for delivering 1460, and code for selecting 1465. Processing of code for sending 1445, code for receiving 1450, code for determining 1455, code for delivering 1460, and code for selecting 1465 may cause communication device 1400 to perform operations relative to Fig.12 The described method 1200 or any aspect related thereto.

[0172] The one or more processors 1410 include circuits configured to implement (e.g., execute) code stored in the computer-readable medium / memory 1440, including circuits such as circuits for transmitting 1415, circuits for receiving 1420, circuits for determining 1425, circuits for conveying 1430, and circuits for selecting 1435. Processing with the circuits for transmitting 1415, circuits for receiving 1420, circuits for determining 1425, circuits for conveying 1430, and circuits for selecting 1435 may enable the communication device 1400 to perform operations relative to Fig.12 The described method 1200 or any aspect related thereto.

[0173] The various components of the communication device 1400 may be provided for performing Fig.12 The described means of method 1200 or any aspect thereof. For example, means for sending, transmitting, or outputting for sending may include Figure 3 The transceiver 354 and / or antenna 352 of the UE 104 are shown. Figure 3 The transceiver 332 and / or antenna 334 of BS 102, and / or Fig.14The communication device 1400 is shown with a transceiver 1475 and an antenna 1480. The means for receiving or obtaining may include Figure 3 The transceiver 354 and / or antenna 352 of the UE 104 are shown. Figure 3 The transceiver 332 and / or antenna 334 of BS 102, and / or Fig.14 The communication device 1400 is shown with a transceiver 1475 and an antenna 1480 .

[0174] Fig.15 Depicted are aspects of an example communications device 1500. In some aspects, communications device 1500 is user equipment, such as described above with respect to Figure 1 and Figure 3 UE 104 is described. In some aspects, communication device 1500 is a network entity such as Figure 1 and Figure 3 BS 102 or as relative to Figure 2 The decomposed base station in question.

[0175] The communication device 1500 includes a processing system 1505 coupled to a transceiver 1565 (e.g., a transmitter and / or a receiver). In some aspects (e.g., when the communication device 1500 is a network entity), the processing system 1505 can be coupled to a network interface 1575 that is configured to communicate with the communication device 1500 via a communication link (such as, for example, as described herein with respect to Figure 2 The processing system 1505 may be configured to perform processing functions of the communication device 1500, including processing signals received and / or to be transmitted by the communication device 1500.

[0176] The processing system 1505 includes one or more processors 1510. In various aspects, such as with respect to Figure 3 As depicted, the one or more processors 1510 may represent one or more of the receive processor 358, the transmit processor 364, the TX MIMO processor 366, and / or the controller / processor 380. In various aspects, as with respect to Figure 3As described, the one or more processors 1510 may represent one or more of the receive processor 338, the transmit processor 320, the TX MIMO processor 330, and / or the controller / processor 340. The one or more processors 1510 are coupled to the computer-readable medium / memory 1535 via the bus 1560. In some aspects, the computer-readable medium / memory 1535 is configured to store instructions (e.g., computer-executable code) that, when executed by the one or more processors 1510, cause the one or more processors 1510 to perform operations relative to the computer-readable medium / memory 1535. Fig.13 The described method 12200 or any aspect related thereto. It should be noted that references to a processor performing a function of the communication device 1500 may include one or more processors 1510 performing that function of the communication device 1500.

[0177] In the depicted example, computer readable medium / memory 1535 stores code (e.g., executable instructions) such as code for receiving 1540, code for transmitting 1545, code for decoding 1550, and code for determining 1555. Processing of code for receiving 1540, code for transmitting 1545, code for decoding 1550, and code for determining 1555 may enable communication device 1500 to perform operations with respect to Fig.13 The method 1300 described herein or any aspect related thereto.

[0178] The one or more processors 1510 include circuits configured to implement (e.g., execute) code stored in the computer-readable medium / memory 1535, including circuits such as circuits for receiving 1515, circuits for transmitting 1520, circuits for decoding 1525, and circuits for determining 1530. The processing of the circuits for receiving 1515, the circuits for transmitting 1520, the circuits for decoding 1525, and the circuits for determining 1530 may enable the communication device 1500 to perform operations with respect to Fig.13 The method 1300 described herein or any aspect related thereto.

[0179] The various components of the communication device 1500 may be provided for performing Fig.13 The described means of method 1300 or any aspect thereof. For example, means for sending, transmitting, or outputting for sending may include Figure 3 The transceiver 354 and / or antenna 352 of the UE 104 are shown. Figure 3 The transceiver 332 and / or antenna 334 of BS 102, and / or Fig.15 The communication device 1500 is shown with a transceiver 1565 and an antenna 1570. The means for receiving or obtaining may include Figure 3The transceiver 354 and / or antenna 352 of the UE 104 are shown. Figure 3 The transceiver 332 and / or antenna 334 of BS 102, and / or Fig.15 The communication device 1500 is shown with a transceiver 1565 and an antenna 1570 .

[0180] Sample Clauses

[0181] Specific implementation examples are described in the following numbered clauses:

[0182] Clause 1: A method for wireless communication by a transmitter, the method comprising: sending a first energy signal to a receiver; and receiving feedback from the receiver regarding an energy state of the first energy signal as received at the receiver.

[0183] Clause 2: The method of clause 1, further comprising: determining one or more transmission characteristics based on the feedback; and transmitting a second energy signal to the receiver based on the one or more transmission characteristics.

[0184] Clause 3: The method of clause 2, wherein the one or more transmit characteristics include at least one of transmit power, transmit direction, or transmit duration.

[0185] Clause 4: The method of any one of clauses 1 to 3, further comprising: conveying information to the receiver via the first energy signal.

[0186] Clause 5: The method of clause 4, wherein the information comprises at least one of: an ID of the receiver; or at least one energy threshold level that determines when the receiver will send feedback.

[0187] Clause 6: The method of clause 5, wherein the at least one energy threshold level is conveyed as a percentage of receiver energy storage or an amount of energy.

[0188] Clause 7: The method of clause 5, further comprising selecting the at least one energy threshold level based on an estimated energy requirement for subsequent communications with the receiver.

[0189] Clause 8: A method according to clause 5, wherein the at least one energy threshold level includes: a first threshold level, below which the receiver will send feedback; and a second threshold level, above which the receiver will send feedback.

[0190] Clause 9: The method according to any one of clauses 1 to 8, further comprising: sending a second energy signal to the receiver, wherein the first energy signal and the second energy signal are sent from the transmitter in different directions.

[0191] Clause 10: The method of clause 9, further comprising: receiving feedback from the receiver regarding an energy status of the second energy signal as received at the receiver.

[0192] Clause 11: The method of clause 9, wherein: the first energy signal is transmitted together with a carrier signal having a first carrier phase; and the second energy signal is transmitted together with the carrier signal having a second carrier phase.

[0193] Clause 12: The method of clause 9, wherein: the first energy signal is transmitted with a first carrier signal having a first carrier frequency; and the second energy signal is transmitted with a second carrier signal having a second carrier frequency.

[0194] Clause 13: A method for wireless communication by a receiver, the method comprising: receiving a first energy signal from a transmitter; and sending feedback to the transmitter regarding an energy status of the first energy signal as received at the receiver.

[0195] Clause 14: The method of clause 13, further comprising: receiving a second energy signal from the transmitter after sending the feedback.

[0196] Clause 15: The method according to any one of clauses 13 and 14, further comprising: decoding the first energy signal to obtain information.

[0197] Clause 16: The method of clause 15, wherein the information comprises at least one of: an ID of the receiver; or at least one energy threshold level that determines when the receiver will send feedback.

[0198] Clause 17: The method of clause 16, wherein the at least one energy threshold level is indicated as a percentage of receiver energy storage or as an amount of energy.

[0199] Clause 18: The method of clause 17, wherein the receiver is configured to send the feedback if the first energy signal is received at an energy level below the at least one energy threshold level.

[0200] Clause 19: The method of clause 17, wherein the receiver is configured to send the feedback if the first energy signal is received at an energy level above the at least one energy threshold level.

[0201] Clause 20: A method according to clause 17, wherein: the at least one energy threshold level includes a first threshold level and a second threshold level; and the receiver is configured to: send the feedback when the first energy signal is received at an energy level lower than the first threshold level or higher than the second threshold level.

[0202] Clause 21: A method as described in any of clauses 13 to 20, wherein the feedback is sent via backscatter or a BLE waveform.

[0203] Clause 22: A method as described in any one of clauses 13 to 21, further comprising: determining time and frequency resources for sending the feedback.

[0204] Clause 23: The method of clause 22, wherein the time and frequency resources are determined based on an allocation of time and frequency resources shared by a plurality of receivers.

[0205] Clause 24: The method of clause 22, wherein the frequency resources are determined based on frequency hopping.

[0206] Clause 25: The method of clause 24, wherein the frequency hopping is based on a frequency hopping pattern assigned to the receiver.

[0207] Clause 26: The method of clause 22, wherein the time and frequency resources are determined based on at least one of a time resource, a frequency resource, or a code resource allocated to the receiver.

[0208] Clause 27: An apparatus, the apparatus comprising: a memory containing executable instructions; and a processor configured to execute the executable instructions and cause the apparatus to perform the method according to any one of clauses 1 to 26.

[0209] Clause 28: An apparatus comprising means for performing the method according to any one of clauses 1 to 26.

[0210] Clause 29: A non-transitory computer readable medium comprising executable instructions which, when executed by a processor of an apparatus, cause the apparatus to perform the method of any one of clauses 1 to 26.

[0211] Clause 30: A computer program product embodied on a computer readable storage medium, the computer readable storage medium comprising code for performing the method according to any one of clauses 1 to 26.

[0212] Additional considerations

[0213] The foregoing description is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to practice the various aspects described herein. The examples discussed herein are not limited to the scope, applicability or aspects set forth in the claims. Various modifications to these aspects will be apparent to those skilled in the art, and the general principles defined herein may be applied to other aspects. For example, without departing from the scope of the present disclosure, the functions and arrangements of the elements discussed may be changed. Each example may ignore, replace or add each procedure or component as appropriate. For example, the described method may be performed in a different order than the described order, and various actions may be added, omitted or combined. In addition, features equivalent to some example descriptions may be combined in some other examples. For example, any number of aspects set forth herein may be used to implement a device or practice method. In addition, the scope of the present disclosure is intended to cover such devices or methods practiced using other structures, functionality, or structures and functionality that are supplementary or alternative to the various aspects of the present disclosure set forth herein. It should be understood that any aspect of the disclosure disclosed herein may be embodied by one or more elements of the claims.

[0214] The various illustrative logical blocks, modules, and circuits described in conjunction with the present disclosure may be implemented or performed using a general purpose processor, a digital signal processor (DSP), an ASIC, a field programmable gate array (FPGA) or other programmable logic device (PLD), discrete gate or transistor logic, discrete hardware components, or any combination thereof, designed to perform the functions described herein. A general purpose processor may be a microprocessor, but in an alternative, the processor may be any commercially available processor, controller, microcontroller, or state machine. The processor may also be implemented as a combination of computing devices, for example, a combination of a DSP and a microprocessor, multiple microprocessors, one or more microprocessors in conjunction with a DSP core, a system on a chip (SoC), or any other such configuration.

[0215] As used herein, a phrase referring to "at least one of" a list of items refers to any combination of those items (including single members). As an example, "at least one of a, b, or c" is intended to cover: a, b, c, ab, ac, bc, and abc, as well as any combination with multiple identical elements (e.g., aa, aaa, aab, aac, abb, acc, bb, bbb, bbc, cc, and ccc, or any other ordering of a, b, and c).

[0216] As used herein, the term "determining" encompasses a wide variety of actions. For example, "determining" may include calculating, computing, processing, deriving, investigating, searching (e.g., searching in a table, a database, or another data structure), ascertaining, and the like. Moreover, "determining" may include receiving (e.g., receiving information), accessing (e.g., accessing data in a memory), and the like. In addition, "determining" may include resolving, selecting, choosing, establishing, and the like.

[0217] The method disclosed herein includes one or more actions for implementing the method. The method actions can be interchangeable with each other without departing from the scope of the claims. In other words, unless a specific order of actions is specified, the order and / or use of specific actions can be modified without departing from the scope of the claims. In addition, the various operations of the method described above can be performed by any appropriate component that can perform the corresponding function. The component may include various hardware and / or software components and / or modules, including but not limited to circuits, application specific integrated circuits (ASICs) or processors.

[0218] The following claims are not intended to be limited to the various aspects shown herein, but should be given the full scope consistent with the language of the claims. Within the claims, unless otherwise specified, reference to an element in the singular form is not intended to mean "one and only one", but "one or more". Unless otherwise specified, the term "some" refers to one or more. Any claim element is not interpreted according to the provisions of 35 U.S.C. § 112 (f) unless the element is explicitly stated using the phrase "member for...". All structural and functional equivalents of the elements of the various aspects described throughout the present disclosure that are known or will be known later to a person of ordinary skill in the art are expressly incorporated herein by reference and are intended to be covered by the claims. In addition, nothing disclosed herein is intended to be dedicated to the public, regardless of whether such disclosure is explicitly stated in the claims.

Claims

1. A method for wireless communication by a transmitter, the method comprising: sending a first energy signal to a receiver; as well as Feedback is received from the receiver regarding an energy status of the first energy signal as received at the receiver.

2. The method according to claim 1, further comprising: determining one or more transmission characteristics based on the feedback; and A second energy signal is transmitted to the receiver according to the one or more transmission characteristics.

3. The method of claim 2, wherein the one or more transmit characteristics include at least one of transmit power, transmit direction, or transmit duration. The method of claim 1 , further comprising conveying information to the receiver via the first energy signal.

5. The method of claim 4, wherein the information comprises at least one of the following: an identification (ID) of the receiver; or At least one energy threshold level determines when the receiver will send feedback.

6. The method of claim 5, wherein the at least one energy threshold level is conveyed as a percentage of receiver energy storage or as an amount of energy.

7. The method of claim 5, further comprising selecting the at least one energy threshold level based on an estimated energy requirement for subsequent communications with the receiver.

8. The method of claim 5, wherein the at least one energy threshold level comprises: a first threshold level, below which the receiver will send feedback; and A second threshold level, above which the receiver will send feedback.

9. The method according to claim 1, further comprising: A second energy signal is transmitted to the receiver, wherein the first energy signal and the second energy signal are transmitted from the transmitter in different directions.

10. The method according to claim 9, further comprising: Feedback is received from the receiver regarding an energy status of the second energy signal as received at the receiver.

11. The method according to claim 9, wherein: The first energy signal is transmitted together with a carrier signal having a first carrier phase; and The second energy signal is transmitted together with the carrier signal having a second carrier phase.

12. The method according to claim 9, wherein: The first energy signal is transmitted together with a first carrier signal having a first carrier frequency; and The second energy signal is transmitted together with a second carrier signal having a second carrier frequency.

13. A method for wireless communication by a receiver, the method comprising: receiving a first energy signal from a transmitter; as well as Feedback is sent to the transmitter regarding an energy status of the first energy signal as received at the receiver.

14. The method according to claim 13, further comprising: A second energy signal is received from the transmitter after sending the feedback. The method according to claim 13 , further comprising decoding the first energy signal to obtain information.

16. The method of claim 15, wherein the information comprises at least one of the following: an identification (ID) of the receiver; or At least one energy threshold level determines when the receiver will send feedback.

17. The method of claim 16, wherein the at least one energy threshold level is indicated as a percentage of receiver energy storage or as an amount of energy.

18. The method of claim 17, wherein the receiver is configured to send the feedback if the first energy signal is received at an energy level below the at least one energy threshold level.

19. The method of claim 17, wherein the receiver is configured to send the feedback if the first energy signal is received at an energy level above the at least one energy threshold level.

20. The method of claim 17, wherein: The at least one energy threshold level comprises a first threshold level and a second threshold level; and The receiver is configured to send the feedback if the first energy signal is received at an energy level below the first threshold level or above the second threshold level.

21. The method of claim 13, wherein the feedback is sent via backscatter or a Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) waveform.

22. The method of claim 13, further comprising determining time and frequency resources for sending the feedback.

23. The method of claim 22, wherein the time and frequency resources are determined based on an allocation of time and frequency resources shared by a plurality of receivers.

24. The method of claim 22, wherein the frequency resources are determined based on frequency hopping.

25. The method of claim 24, wherein the frequency hopping is based on a frequency hopping pattern assigned to the receiver.

26. The method of claim 22, wherein the time and frequency resources are determined based on at least one of a time resource, a frequency resource, or a code resource allocated to the receiver.

27. A transmitter configured for wireless communication, the transmitter comprising: a memory including processor-executable instructions; and one or more processors configured to execute the processor-executable instructions and cause the transmitter to: sending a first energy signal to a receiver; as well as Feedback is received from the receiver regarding an energy status of the first energy signal as received at the receiver.

28. A receiver configured for wireless communication, the receiver comprising: a memory including processor-executable instructions; and one or more processors configured to execute the processor-executable instructions and cause the receiver to: receiving a first energy signal from a transmitter; as well as Feedback is sent to the transmitter regarding an energy status of the first energy signal as received at the receiver.

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