Ventilation and dust reduction device for coal mine driving working face

Abstract

The invention discloses a ventilation and dust reduction device for a coal mine driving working face, which comprises a heading machine, the right side of the heading machine is fixedly connected with a coal mine conveyer belt, the coal mine conveyer belt is horizontally laid at the bottom of a coal mine driving channel, and the left side of the heading machine is fixedly provided with a coal mine drill bit; the ventilation assembly is fixedly assembled on the inner wall of the coal mine tunneling channel, the left side of the ventilation assembly is fixedly assembled on the upper surface of the tunneling machine, and a dust falling assembly is fixedly arranged on the left side of the upper surface of the tunneling machine; the ventilation pipe supplementing assembly is placed on the inner side of the ventilation assembly and horizontally fixed to the bottom of the coal mine tunneling channel.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of coal mine excavation, and in particular to a ventilation and dust reduction device for a coal mine excavation working face. Background Art

[0002] The heading working face, also known as the heading head, is a basic mining method in coal mining. It is a separate single-ended tunnel with heading as the main method and other geological conditions as the auxiliary method. This tunnel includes coal exploration, coal excavation, water exploration, gas exploration and other functions. Specifically, it is a separate single-ended tunnel with heading as the main method and other geological conditions as the auxiliary method. It has no independent ventilation system. Therefore, a large amount of coal dust will be generated during the excavation process. A large amount of coal dust will not only greatly reduce the mining efficiency, but also reduce the service life of the mining machinery, and at the same time increase the risk of coal dust explosion. Therefore, an effective ventilation and dust removal system is crucial to safe production.

[0003] Existing ventilation systems mostly use mixed ventilation, but their exhaust-type local fans are installed in the return air flow. If the local fans have poor explosion-proof performance, there is a potential risk of gas explosion. In addition, as the excavation work proceeds, the relative distance between the air outlet and return air outlet of the traditional ventilation system and the excavation working face will gradually increase, which will greatly reduce the efficiency of ventilation and dust removal. At the same time, when the relative distance between the air outlet and return air outlet of the ventilation system and the excavation working face reaches a certain value, it is necessary to shut down the machine and then extend the ventilation system pipeline so that it can work again. This method will greatly affect the mining efficiency of the coal mine. At the same time, frequent operation of the machine will reduce the machine accuracy and shorten its service life.

[0004] Therefore, it is necessary to provide a ventilation and dust reduction device for a coal mine excavation working face to solve the above problems. Summary of the invention

[0005] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solution: a ventilation and dust reduction device for a coal mine excavation working face, comprising: A tunnel boring machine, a coal mine conveyor belt is fixedly connected to the right side of the tunnel boring machine, the coal mine conveyor belt is horizontally laid at the bottom of the tunnel boring channel, and a coal mine drill is fixedly arranged on the left side of the tunnel boring machine; A ventilation assembly is fixedly mounted on the inner wall of the coal mine excavation channel, and its left side is fixedly mounted on the upper surface of the tunneling machine. A dust suppression assembly is fixedly arranged on the left side of the upper surface of the tunneling machine; The ventilation pipe supplementary component is placed inside the ventilation component and is horizontally fixed at the bottom of the coal mine excavation passage.

[0006] Further, preferably, the ventilation assembly comprises: A first fixed wind tube and a second fixed wind tube, on which a plurality of fixed brackets are fixedly arranged, and the fixed brackets are fixedly assembled on the inner wall of the coal mine excavation channel; The wind tube extension assembly is provided in two groups in mirror image, and is respectively fixedly mounted on the left side of the first fixed wind tube and the second fixed wind tube. The left side of the two groups of wind tube extension assemblies is fixedly provided with a fixing frame, and the fixing frame is fixedly mounted on the upper surface of the tunnel boring machine; A first air cooler is fixedly mounted on the right side of the first fixed air duct, and a first air blower is fixedly mounted on the other end of the first air cooler; A wind tube state switching component is fixedly mounted on the right side of the second fixed wind tube.

[0007] Further, preferably, the wind tube extension assembly comprises: A first fixed valve is fixedly assembled on the left side of the first fixed air cylinder or the second fixed air cylinder, and a telescopic air cylinder is coaxially sleeved on the left side of the first fixed air cylinder or the second fixed air cylinder, a second fixed valve is fixedly assembled on the left end of the telescopic air cylinder, a fixed air cylinder head is fixedly assembled on the left side of the second fixed valve, and the fixed air cylinder head is fixedly assembled on the fixed frame; The first sealing gasket is fixedly assembled on the inner wall of the right side of the telescopic air cylinder.

[0008] Further, as a preference, a secondary telescopic air cylinder is fixedly assembled on the side of the second fixed valve, a secondary connecting air cylinder is coaxially sleeved on the right side of the secondary telescopic air cylinder, a sealing gasket is arranged between the secondary telescopic air cylinder and the secondary connecting air cylinder, and a self-locking threaded block is rotatably arranged on the other end of the secondary connecting air cylinder.

[0009] Further, as a preference, an opening and closing door is provided inside the fixed air duct head on the left side of the air duct extension assembly.

[0010] Further, as a preference, the wind tube state switching component comprises: A first driving motor is fixedly mounted on the right side of the second fixed air cylinder, and a rotating plate is fixedly mounted on the output shaft thereof, a fixed support frame is fixedly arranged on the right side of the rotating plate, a second air cooler and a wet dust collector are fixedly embedded on the rotating plate, and a second air supply fan and an exhaust fan are fixedly connected to the right sides of the second air cooler and the wet dust collector, respectively, and the second air cooler, the wet dust collector, the second air supply fan, and the exhaust fan are all fixed on the fixed support frame; The wet dust collector is provided with a discharge pipe, and the wet dust collector and the left side of the second air cooler are both provided with a second sealing gasket.

[0011] Further, preferably, the dust reduction component comprises: A fixed block is fixedly mounted on the upper surface of the tunnel boring machine, a support frame is fixedly mounted on the upper end of the fixed block, a second drive motor is embedded on the right side of the upper end of the support frame, a rotating fan is rotatably mounted on the left side, and the rotating fan is fixedly mounted on the output shaft of the second drive motor; An atomizer is fixedly mounted on the left side of the rotating fan, a water pipe is connected to the right side of the atomizer, and a plurality of groups of mist dispersion plates are coaxially fixedly mounted on the side surface thereof.

[0012] Further, as a preference, the ventilation pipe supplementary assembly comprises: A fixed track is placed inside the ventilation assembly and fixedly installed horizontally at the bottom of the coal mine excavation channel. Two groups of track sliders are slidably installed on the track sliders. A mechanical arm is fixedly installed on the upper end of each group of track sliders. A clamping rotator is fixedly installed at the front end of the mechanical arm. The clamping rotator is clamped with a supplementary air cylinder, and a third fixed valve is arranged in the middle of the supplementary air cylinder.

[0013] Further, as a preference, the supplementary air duct is provided with an external thread on the right side and a corresponding internal thread on the left side, and the first fixed air duct and the second fixed air duct are both provided with an external thread on the left side that matches the internal thread of the supplementary air duct, and the external thread is the same as the external thread provided on the right side of the supplementary air duct.

[0014] Further, as a preference, the first fixed valve, the second fixed valve and the third fixed valve are all self-driven three-way valves, and an external thread corresponding to the self-locking thread block is provided on the outer side of the other interface of the first fixed valve and the third fixed valve.

[0015] Compared with the prior art, the present invention provides a ventilation and dust reduction device for a coal mine excavation working face, which has the following beneficial effects: In the present invention, a ventilation component is provided which includes four ventilation modes, which can provide a steady supply of fresh air to the workers at the excavation working face, dilute and remove various toxic and harmful gases and floating mine dust, so as to meet the requirements of mine safety regulations, and at the same time provide a suitable temperature to form a good working environment and ensure safety. In addition, the ventilation component can move synchronously with the excavation working face of the tunnel boring machine, and after the ventilation component is extended to a certain distance, the ventilation component can be supplemented and extended through the ventilation pipe supplementary component, thereby ensuring the relative distance between the ventilation component and the excavation working face, and further ensuring the smooth progress of the mining work.

[0016] In the present invention, a dust reduction component is provided, which can spray a certain amount of water when the ventilation component is working, thereby reducing the content of coal dust in the air caused by the coal drill bit breaking the coal, thereby achieving the purpose of dust removal. While providing suitable humidity for the excavation working face, it prevents excessive coal dust content from causing blockage of the ventilation component or causing safety accidents. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0017] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of a ventilation and dust reduction device for a coal mine excavation working face; Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the ventilation component structure; Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the air duct extension assembly; Figure 4 It is a structural schematic diagram of the air duct state switching component; Figure 5 It is a schematic diagram of the dust reduction component structure; Figure 6 Supplement the schematic diagram of the assembly structure for the ventilation duct; In the figure: 1. Boring machine; 2. Coal mine conveyor belt; 3. Coal mine drill; 4. Ventilation assembly; 5. Dust suppression assembly; 6. Ventilation pipe supplement assembly; 41. First fixed air duct; 42. Second fixed air duct; 43. Fixed bracket; 44. Air duct extension assembly; 45. Fixed bracket; 46. First air blower; 47. First air cooler; 48. Air duct state switching assembly; 49. Opening and closing door; 441. First fixed valve; 442. Telescopic air duct; 443. Second fixed valve; 444. Fixed air duct head; 445. Secondary telescopic air duct; 446. Secondary connecting air duct; 447. Self-locking threaded block ; 448, first sealing gasket; 481, first driving motor; 482, rotating plate; 483, fixed support frame; 484, second air cooler; 485, second air blower; 486, wet dust collector; 487, exhaust fan; 488, discharge pipe; 489, second sealing gasket; 51, fixed block; 52, support frame; 53, second driving motor; 54, rotating fan; 55, atomizer; 56, water pipe; 57, mist dispersing plate; 61, fixed track; 62, track slider; 63, mechanical arm; 64, clamping rotator; 65, supplementary air duct; 66, third fixed valve. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0018] See also Figure 1 to Figure 6 The present invention provides a ventilation and dust reduction device for a coal mine excavation working face, comprising: A tunnel boring machine 1, a coal mine conveyor belt 2 is fixedly connected to the right side thereof, the coal mine conveyor belt 2 is horizontally laid at the bottom of the coal mine tunneling passage, and a coal mine drill bit 3 is fixedly arranged on the left side of the tunnel boring machine 1; A ventilation assembly 4 is fixedly mounted on the inner wall of the coal mine excavation channel, and its left side is fixedly mounted on the upper surface of the tunneling machine 1. A dust suppression assembly 5 is fixedly arranged on the left side of the upper surface of the tunneling machine 1; A ventilation pipe supplementary assembly 6 is placed inside the ventilation assembly 4 and fixed horizontally at the bottom of the coal mine excavation passage; As a preferred embodiment, the ventilation component 4 includes four ventilation modes, which can provide a steady supply of fresh air to the workers at the excavation working face, dilute and remove various toxic and harmful gases and floating mine dust to meet the requirements of mine safety regulations, and at the same time provide a suitable temperature to form a good working environment to ensure safety. The dust reduction component 5 can spray a certain amount of moisture when the ventilation component 4 is working to reduce the content of coal dust in the air caused by the coal drill bit 3 crushing the coal, thereby achieving the purpose of dust removal. While providing suitable humidity for the excavation working face, it prevents excessive coal dust content from causing blockage of the ventilation component 4 or causing safety accidents. The ventilation component 4 can move synchronously with the excavation working face of the tunnel boring machine 1, and after the ventilation component 4 is extended to a certain distance, the ventilation component 4 is supplemented and extended through the ventilation pipe supplement component 6, thereby ensuring the relative distance between the ventilation component 4 and the excavation working face, further ensuring the smooth progress of the mining work.

[0019] Further, the ventilation assembly 4 includes: A first fixed air duct 41 and a second fixed air duct 42 are fixedly provided with a plurality of fixed brackets 43, and the fixed brackets 43 are fixedly assembled on the inner wall of the coal mine excavation channel; The wind tube extension assembly 44 is provided in two groups in mirror image, and is respectively fixedly mounted on the left side of the first fixed wind tube 41 and the second fixed wind tube 42. The left side of the two groups of the wind tube extension assembly 44 is fixedly provided with a fixing frame 45, and the fixing frame 45 is fixedly mounted on the upper surface of the tunnel boring machine 1; A first air cooler 47 is fixedly mounted on the right side of the first fixed air cylinder 41, and a first air blower 46 is fixedly mounted on the other end of the first air cooler 47; The right side of the second fixed air cylinder 42 is fixedly equipped with an air cylinder state switching assembly 48; As a preferred embodiment, when the excavation working face continues to deepen with the operation of the tunnel boring machine 1, the wind tube extension component 44 will be synchronously extended to maintain the relative distance between the ventilation component 4 and the excavation working face, thereby ensuring the smooth progress of the ventilation work, and the first air supply fan 46, the first air cooler 47, the first fixed wind tube 41 and a group of wind tube extension components 4 together form an outside-to-inside ventilation system, which can act alone to form a forced-in ventilation system to provide a steady stream of fresh air to the workers on the excavation working face, and at the same time, with the assistance of the first air cooler 47, The excavation working face provides suitable temperature conditions. The second fixed air duct 42, the air duct state switching component 48 and another group of air duct extension components 44 constitute another ventilation system, and this ventilation system can be adjusted to exhaust ventilation and forced ventilation. It can be combined with the previously mentioned ventilation system into forced ventilation, mixed ventilation, double forced ventilation and exhaust ventilation. In actual work, the ventilation mode can be switched according to the actual situation in the coal mine excavation channel, so as to maximize the efficiency of coal mine mining and enhance safety at the same time.

[0020] Further, the wind tube extension assembly 44 includes: A first fixed valve 441 is fixedly assembled on the left side of the first fixed air cylinder 41 or the second fixed air cylinder 42, and a telescopic air cylinder 442 is coaxially sleeved on the left side of the first fixed air cylinder 41 or the second fixed air cylinder 42, a second fixed valve 443 is fixedly assembled on the left end of the telescopic air cylinder 442, and a fixed air cylinder head 444 is fixedly assembled on the left side of the second fixed valve 443, and the fixed air cylinder head 444 is fixedly assembled on the fixed frame 45; A first sealing gasket 448 is fixedly mounted on the inner wall of the right side of the telescopic air cylinder 442; As a preferred embodiment, there is an overlapping section of a certain length between the telescopic wind duct 442 and the left end of the first fixed wind duct 41, so that the fixed wind duct head 444 can maintain the connection stability of the ventilation system as the excavation working face continues to deepen, thereby maximizing the coal mining efficiency and enhancing safety. The first sealing gasket 448 can ensure the sealing of the telescopic wind duct 442 and the first fixed wind duct 41 in a relative sliding state, prevent air leakage from causing unnecessary waste of power, and control costs to a certain extent.

[0021] Further, a secondary telescopic air cylinder 445 is fixedly mounted on the side of the second fixed valve 443, a secondary connecting air cylinder 446 is coaxially sleeved on the right side of the secondary telescopic air cylinder 445, a sealing gasket is arranged between the secondary telescopic air cylinder 445 and the secondary connecting air cylinder 446, and a self-locking threaded block 447 is rotatably arranged at the other end of the secondary connecting air cylinder 446; As a preferred embodiment, under normal circumstances, the self-locking threaded block 447 and the first fixed valve 441 are not relatively fixed. When the telescopic air cylinder 442 moves to the extreme position where it is about to be separated from the first fixed air cylinder 41, the position of the self-locking threaded block 447 is just at the position directly opposite to the first fixed valve 441. At this time, the self-locking threaded block 447 will self-lock so that it is relatively fixed with the first fixed valve 441, and then the first fixed valve 441 and the second fixed valve 443 will adjust the positions of the corresponding valve port output and input, so that the auxiliary telescopic air cylinder 445 and the auxiliary connecting air cylinder 446 replace the telescopic air cylinder 442 and the left side of the first fixed air cylinder 41 to form a new ventilation passage that can continue to be adjusted until it is extended to a certain distance (the telescopic air cylinder 442 and the first fixed air cylinder 41 are connected). The distance between the fixed air ducts 41 is sufficient), the ventilation pipe supplement component 6 will supplement the length of the first fixed air duct 41, so that the telescopic air duct 442 and the first fixed air duct 41 can work again, and then adjust the valve port output and input positions corresponding to the first fixed valve 441 and the second fixed valve 443, so that the telescopic air duct 442, the supplementary air duct 65 and the left side of the first fixed air duct 41 replace the auxiliary telescopic air duct 445 and the auxiliary connecting air duct 446 to form a new ventilation passage that can be continuously adjusted (due to the installation distance, the adjustable range is small), and at the same time the self-locking threaded block 447 releases the self-locking and the relative state with the first fixed valve 441 until it reaches the position opposite to the third fixed valve 66, and repeats the above operations until the mining work of the excavation channel is completed.

[0022] Further, an opening and closing door 49 is provided inside the fixed air cylinder head 444 on the left side of the air cylinder extension assembly 44; As a preferred embodiment, by adjusting the opening and closing states of the two groups of opening and closing doors 49, the combination state between the two ventilation systems can be adjusted, thereby adjusting the working state of the ventilation assembly 4 to better serve the excavation working face.

[0023] Further, the wind tube state switching component 48 includes: A first driving motor 481 is fixedly mounted on the right side of the second fixed air cylinder 42, and a rotating plate 482 is fixedly mounted on its output shaft, a fixed support frame 483 is fixedly arranged on the right side of the rotating plate 482, a second air cooler 484 and a wet dust collector 486 are fixedly embedded on the rotating plate 482, and a second air supply fan 485 and an exhaust fan 487 are fixedly connected to the right sides of the second air cooler 484 and the wet dust collector 486, respectively, and the second air cooler 484, the wet dust collector 486, the second air supply fan 485, and the exhaust fan 487 are all fixed on the fixed support frame 483; The wet dust collector 486 is provided with a discharge pipe 488, and the wet dust collector 486 and the left side of the second air cooler 484 are both provided with a second sealing gasket 489; As a preferred embodiment, the second air cooler 484, the second air supply fan 485, the second fixed air duct 42, and the air duct extension assembly 44 together constitute a push-in ventilation system, which can further improve the ventilation efficiency. The wet dust collector 486, the exhaust fan 487, the second fixed air duct 42, and the air duct extension assembly 44 together constitute an exhaust ventilation system. The push-in ventilation system and the combination of the exhaust ventilation system and another push-in ventilation system can further adapt to the complex mining environment, improve the ventilation efficiency, and ensure mining safety. In addition, the wet dust collector 486 can further purify the exhausted air during use to prevent it from causing pollution.

[0024] Further, the dust reduction component 5 includes: A fixed block 51 is fixedly mounted on the upper surface of the tunnel boring machine 1. A support frame 52 is fixedly mounted on the upper end of the fixed block 51. A second drive motor 53 is embedded on the right side of the upper end of the support frame 52. A rotating fan 54 is rotatably mounted on the left side of the support frame 52. The rotating fan 54 is fixedly mounted on the output shaft of the second drive motor 53. The left side of the rotating fan 54 is fixedly equipped with an atomizer 55, the right side of the atomizer 55 is connected to a water pipe 56, and the side surface thereof is coaxially fixedly equipped with a plurality of groups of mist dispersing plates 57; As a preferred embodiment, the atomizer 55 can output moisture in the form of water mist to improve its adhesion, and the output water mist can be dispersed in layers through the mist dispersion plate 47 to prevent it from excessive aggregation. At the same time, it can be further dispersed by rotating the fan 54 to make the water mist diffuse more evenly, further ensuring the dust removal effect.

[0025] Further, the ventilation pipe supplementary component 6 includes: A fixed track 61 is placed inside the ventilation assembly 4 and is horizontally fixedly assembled at the bottom of the coal mine excavation channel. Two groups of track sliders 62 are slidably assembled on the fixed track 61. A mechanical arm 63 is fixedly assembled at the upper end of each group of track sliders 62. A clamping rotator 64 is fixedly assembled at the front end of the mechanical arm 63. The clamping rotator 64 is clamped and assembled with a supplementary air cylinder 65. A third fixed valve 66 is arranged in the middle of the supplementary air cylinder 65. As a preferred embodiment, the clamping rotator 64 has a built-in self-driven rotating assembly, which can rotate the supplementary air cylinder 65 while clamping it, thereby ensuring its engagement with the first fixed air cylinder 41 or the second fixed air cylinder 42 or other supplementary air cylinder 65. The supplementary air cylinder 65 can be connected between the first fixed air cylinder 41 or the second fixed air cylinder 42 and the corresponding telescopic air cylinder 442 under the drive of the two sets of mechanical arms 63, and the sufficient distance between the first fixed air cylinder 41 or the second fixed air cylinder 42 and the corresponding telescopic air cylinder 442 is less than the length of the supplementary air cylinder 65. Through the cooperation of the two sets of mechanical arms 63, the supplementary air cylinder 65 can first enter the interior of the telescopic air cylinder 442 in an inclined manner (through the deformation of the first sealing gasket 448), thereby ensuring the sealing between the first fixed air cylinder 41, the supplementary air cylinder 65 and the telescopic air cylinder 442 after connection.

[0026] Furthermore, the right side of the supplementary air duct 65 is provided with an external thread, and the left side thereof is provided with a corresponding internal thread, and the left sides of the first fixed air duct 41 and the second fixed air duct 42 are both provided with an external thread matching the internal thread of the supplementary air duct 65, and the external thread is the same as the external thread provided on the right side of the supplementary air duct 65.

[0027] Furthermore, the first fixed valve 441 , the second fixed valve 443 , and the third fixed valve 66 are all self-driven three-way valves, and the outer side of the other interface of the first fixed valve 441 and the third fixed valve 66 is provided with an external thread corresponding to the self-locking thread block 447 .

[0028] During specific implementation, the following steps are included: selecting a suitable ventilation mode according to the actual situation of the coal mine excavation channel, and then adjusting each component to put it in this ventilation mode, the coal mine drill bit 3 drills the coal seam to break the coal seam, and the broken coal blocks are gathered by the tunneling machine 1 and then transported out of the coal mine excavation channel through the coal mine conveyor belt. At the same time, the dust reduction component 5 will keep working to reduce the coal dust content in the air, and as the tunneling machine 1 runs, the ventilation pipe supplement component 6 will supplement the ventilation component 4 to ensure ventilation efficiency, and as the device continues to go deeper, the ventilation mode of the ventilation component 4 can be changed in real time according to the nature of the excavation working face, so as to further ensure the progress of ventilation work and ensure mining safety until the mining work is completed.

[0029] What is described above is only a preferred specific implementation manner of the present invention, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any technician familiar with the technical field can make equivalent replacements or changes according to the technical scheme and inventive concept of the present invention within the technical scope disclosed by the present invention, which should be covered by the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A ventilation and dust reduction device for a coal mine excavation working face, characterized in that: include: A tunnel boring machine (1), the right side of which is fixedly connected to a coal mine conveyor belt (2), the coal mine conveyor belt (2) being horizontally laid at the bottom of a coal mine tunneling passage, and the left side of the tunnel boring machine (1) being fixedly provided with a coal mine drill bit (3); A ventilation assembly (4) is fixedly mounted on the inner wall of the coal mine excavation channel, and its left side is fixedly mounted on the upper surface of the excavation machine (1); a dust suppression assembly (5) is fixedly arranged on the left side of the upper surface of the excavation machine (1); The ventilation pipe supplementary assembly (6) is placed inside the ventilation assembly (4) and is horizontally fixed at the bottom of the coal mine excavation passage.

2. A ventilation and dust reduction device for a coal mine excavation working face according to claim 1, characterized in that: The ventilation assembly (4) comprises: A first fixed wind tube (41) and a second fixed wind tube (42), on which a plurality of fixed brackets (43) are fixedly arranged, and the fixed brackets (43) are fixedly assembled on the inner wall of the coal mine excavation channel; Two groups of wind tube extension components (44) are arranged in mirror image and are respectively fixedly mounted on the left sides of the first fixed wind tube (41) and the second fixed wind tube (42); a fixing frame (45) is fixedly mounted on the left sides of the two groups of wind tube extension components (44); and the fixing frame (45) is fixedly mounted on the upper surface of the tunnel boring machine (1); A first air cooler (47) is fixedly mounted on the right side of the first fixed air cylinder (41), and a first air supply fan (46) is fixedly mounted on the other end of the first air cooler (47); A wind cylinder state switching assembly (48) is fixedly mounted on the right side of the second fixed wind cylinder (42).

3. A ventilation and dust reduction device for a coal mine excavation working face according to claim 2, characterized in that: The wind tube extension assembly (44) comprises: A first fixed valve (441) is fixedly mounted on the left side of the first fixed air cylinder (41) or the second fixed air cylinder (42), and a telescopic air cylinder (442) is coaxially mounted on the left side of the first fixed air cylinder (41) or the second fixed air cylinder (42), a second fixed valve (443) is fixedly mounted on the left end of the telescopic air cylinder (442), a fixed air cylinder head (444) is fixedly mounted on the left side of the second fixed valve (443), and the fixed air cylinder head (444) is fixedly mounted on a fixed frame (45); The first sealing gasket (448) is fixedly mounted on the inner wall on the right side of the telescopic air cylinder (442).

4. A ventilation and dust reduction device for a coal mine excavation working face according to claim 3, characterized in that: A secondary telescopic air cylinder (445) is fixedly mounted on the side of the second fixed valve (443); a secondary connecting air cylinder (446) is coaxially sleeved on the right side of the secondary telescopic air cylinder (445); a sealing gasket is arranged between the secondary telescopic air cylinder (445) and the secondary connecting air cylinder (446); and a self-locking threaded block (447) is rotatably arranged at the other end of the secondary connecting air cylinder (446).

5. The ventilation and dust reduction device for coal mine excavation working face according to claim 2, characterized in that: An opening and closing door (49) is provided inside the fixed air cylinder head (444) on the left side of the air cylinder extension assembly (44).

6. A ventilation and dust reduction device for a coal mine excavation working face according to claim 3, characterized in that: The wind cylinder state switching component (48) comprises: A first driving motor (481) is fixedly mounted on the right side of the second fixed air cylinder (42), and a rotating plate (482) is fixedly mounted on the output shaft of the first driving motor. A fixed support frame (483) is fixedly arranged on the right side of the rotating plate (482). A second air cooler (484) and a wet dust collector (486) are fixedly embedded on the rotating plate (482). The second air cooler (484) and the wet dust collector (486) are fixedly connected to the right sides with a second air supply fan (485) and an exhaust fan (487), respectively. The second air cooler (484), the wet dust collector (486), the second air supply fan (485), and the exhaust fan (487) are all fixed on the fixed support frame (483); The wet dust collector (486) is provided with a discharge pipe (488), and the wet dust collector (486) and the left side of the second air cooler (484) are both provided with a second sealing gasket (489).

7. The ventilation and dust reduction device for coal mine excavation working face according to claim 1, characterized in that: The dust suppression assembly (5) comprises: A fixed block (51) is fixedly mounted on the upper surface of the tunnel boring machine (1); a support frame (52) is fixedly mounted on the upper end of the fixed block (51); a second drive motor (53) is embedded on the right side of the upper end of the support frame (52); a rotating fan (54) is rotatably mounted on the left side of the support frame; and the rotating fan (54) is fixedly mounted on the output shaft of the second drive motor (53); An atomizer (55) is fixedly mounted on the left side of the rotating fan (54), a water pipe (56) is connected to the right side of the atomizer (55), and a plurality of groups of mist dispersion plates (57) are coaxially fixedly mounted on the side thereof.

8. The ventilation and dust reduction device for coal mine excavation working face according to claim 1, characterized in that: The ventilation pipe supplementary component (6) comprises: A fixed track (61) is placed inside the ventilation assembly (4) and is horizontally fixedly mounted at the bottom of the coal mine excavation channel. Two groups of track sliders (62) are slidably mounted on the fixed track. A mechanical arm (63) is fixedly mounted on the upper end of each group of track sliders (62). A clamping rotator (64) is fixedly mounted on the front end of the mechanical arm (63). The clamping rotator (64) is clamped with a supplementary air cylinder (65). A third fixed valve (66) is provided in the middle of the supplementary air cylinder (65).

9. A ventilation and dust reduction device for a coal mine excavation working face according to claim 8, characterized in that: The right side of the supplementary air duct (65) is provided with an external thread, and the left side thereof is provided with a corresponding internal thread, and the left sides of the first fixed air duct (41) and the second fixed air duct (42) are both provided with an external thread matching the internal thread of the supplementary air duct (65), and the external thread is the same as the external thread provided on the right side of the supplementary air duct (65).

10. The ventilation and dust reduction device for coal mine excavation working face according to claim 1, characterized in that: The first fixed valve (441), the second fixed valve (443) and the third fixed valve (66) are all self-driven three-way valves, and the outer sides of the other interfaces of the first fixed valve (441) and the third fixed valve (66) are provided with external threads corresponding to the self-locking threaded block (447).

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