Soil settlement monitoring system and method based on passive sensing

Abstract

The invention relates to a passive sensing-based soil settlement monitoring system and method, and the method comprises the steps: carrying out the layered injection of a plurality of passive sensing positioning units in a to-be-monitored soil body in the depth direction, and enabling a positioning collection device to collect the position information of each passive sensing positioning unit at different moments in real time through a wireless transmission line, by comparing the initial position and the real-time position of the passive sensing positioning unit, the relative layering settlement amount of each soil body layering is calculated; the system comprises a measuring sleeve, a drag chain type lifting device, an injection device, a passive sensing positioning unit, a positioning acquisition device and an early warning module, the initial position and the real-time position of the passive sensing positioning unit are acquired through the wireless transmission line, and the wireless transmission line can realize long-term low-power-consumption monitoring by adopting near-field induction communication and can also meet the high-frequency and real-time acquisition requirements by adopting short-distance wireless communication; the early warning module automatically triggers an alarm when the settlement data exceeds an early warning threshold value; according to the invention, the monitoring precision and the monitoring efficiency are obviously improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the field of underground engineering technology detection, and specifically to a soil settlement monitoring system and method based on passive sensing. Background Art

[0002] In modern underground engineering construction, soil layer settlement monitoring is one of the key links to ensure engineering quality and safety. Understanding the settlement of soil layers at different depths and times can provide an important basis for engineering stability assessment and settlement trend prediction. However, existing technical solutions still have many challenges and shortcomings in application.

[0003] At present, a variety of methods have been developed for soil layer settlement monitoring technology, mainly including the deep mark level method and the electromagnetic settlement meter method. The deep mark level method can better reflect the soil settlement by measuring the boreholes, burying the measuring rods and conducting regular manual observations. However, this method is only applicable to scenarios with a small number of measuring points, and its accuracy and efficiency are greatly affected by weather conditions. Especially when the monitoring point is far away from the benchmark point, long-distance measurement is required, which makes the construction process time-consuming and labor-intensive. The electromagnetic settlement meter method uses a settlement magnetic ring combined with an electromagnetic probe to record soil settlement. Although this method has a high degree of automation, it is easily affected by the surrounding soil filling due to the insufficient anchoring force of the magnetic ring, which often leads to measurement errors. In addition, this method requires regular calibration of the settlement pipe mouth elevation, and real-time monitoring cannot be achieved.

[0004] In recent years, the application of machine vision technology in soil stratification settlement monitoring has solved many problems of traditional methods, such as reducing human errors through non-contact monitoring through visual recognition. However, the high cost of machine vision-based technology and the complex installation and maintenance of equipment have limited its application to large engineering projects with insufficient budgets.

[0005] A comprehensive analysis of the existing methods shows that they have the following main shortcomings: First, the equipment cost is high. Whether it is the traditional deep mark level method or the electromagnetic settlement instrument method, the equipment procurement and installation costs are high, especially the solution using machine vision technology, which is more expensive. Second, the operation is complex. The existing methods usually require professionals to install, calibrate and regularly maintain, and the operation process is complicated and time-consuming. Third, the real-time and automation are insufficient. The traditional method mainly relies on manual regular measurement, which makes it difficult to monitor the settlement dynamics in real time. Although machine vision technology can monitor in real time, its automation level is still limited by the complexity of peripheral equipment. Fourth, the accuracy of the data is affected by the environment. For example, the magnetic ring of the electromagnetic settlement instrument method is easily affected by the filling of the hole wall soil, resulting in the inability to accurately reflect the changes in soil settlement. Fifth, the environmental adaptability is poor. Most existing technologies have poor adaptability to weather and geological conditions, which affects the continuity of monitoring and data quality.

[0006] In summary, there is currently a lack of a technical solution that can monitor soil stratification settlement in real time and accurately at a low cost and with a high degree of automation. Summary of the invention

[0007] The present application proposes a soil settlement monitoring system and method based on passive sensing to solve the problems of high cost, low automation and low measurement accuracy in existing soil layer settlement monitoring.

[0008] In order to achieve the above purpose, the technical solution adopted in this application is: In the first aspect, the present application proposes a soil settlement monitoring method based on passive sensing, in which multiple groups of passive sensing positioning units are injected in layers along the depth direction in the soil to be monitored. The positioning and acquisition device collects the position information of each passive sensing positioning unit at different times in real time through a wireless transmission line, and calculates the relative layered settlement of each soil layer by comparing the initial position and the real-time position of the passive sensing positioning unit.

[0009] Furthermore, the wireless transmission line includes near field induction communication or short range wireless communication.

[0010] Furthermore, the method comprises: Drilling a measuring borehole downward along the upper surface of the soil to be monitored; Place the measuring casing into the soil to be monitored along the measuring borehole; Multiple groups of passive sensing and positioning units are injected in layers to different preset depths in the soil to be measured through an injection device arranged in the measuring casing; Collecting initial position data of multiple groups of passive sensing positioning units through a positioning collection device; Within a preset time interval, the positioning collection device repeatedly collects real-time position data of the passive sensing positioning unit; The position data of the passive sensing positioning unit at different times are compared to calculate the relative layer settlement of each soil layer.

[0011] Furthermore, multiple groups of passive sensing and positioning units are layered and injected to different preset depths in the soil to be measured by an injection device arranged in the measuring casing, including: The injection sites of adjacent passive sensing localization units were equally spaced in the longitudinal direction; The injection sites of adjacent passive sensing localization units were distributed around at equal angle intervals; The injection positions of multiple groups of passive sensing positioning units form a three-dimensional spiral trajectory with equal spacing in the longitudinal direction and equal angle distribution in the circumferential direction.

[0012] Furthermore, the method further comprises: A surface calibration device is set up to measure the overall settlement of the soil; the actual settlement of each soil layer is calculated by combining the overall settlement with the relative stratified settlement.

[0013] Furthermore, the method further comprises: Set the warning threshold and store the warning threshold of each soil layer in the warning module; Collect the actual settlement amount, and transmit the actual settlement amount of each soil layer to the early warning module periodically or in real time; Compare the actual settlement with the warning threshold. In the warning module, the actual settlement is compared with the warning threshold. When the actual settlement of any soil layer exceeds the warning threshold, an alarm signal is generated. Output alarm signal and send the alarm signal to external monitoring terminal or local alarm device.

[0014] In the second aspect, the present application proposes a soil settlement monitoring system based on passive sensing, comprising: A measuring sleeve, which is an insulating tube and is arranged in the measuring borehole; A drag chain lifting device, the drag chain lifting device comprising a drag chain driving device, a drag chain mechanism, a drag chain stabilizing platform and a cable system, the drag chain driving device is connected to the drag chain mechanism, the drag chain mechanism is arranged in the measuring sleeve, and the end of the drag chain mechanism is connected to the drag chain stabilizing platform; An injection device, which is a needle-tube injection device, is provided with a plurality of passive sensing and positioning units, is arranged on a drag chain stabilization platform, and is connected to a cable system; A passive sensing and positioning unit, the passive sensing and positioning unit comprising a packaging shell and a sensing chip module arranged in the packaging shell; A positioning collection device is used to receive the position information of the passive sensing positioning unit.

[0015] Furthermore, the positioning acquisition device is a wireless acquisition device, comprising: A wireless receiving module, wherein the wireless receiving module receives position information from multiple groups of passive sensing and positioning units; A data processing module, which parses, processes and stores the location information received by the wireless receiving module; A communication interface module, which transmits the processed location information to an external monitoring terminal via wired or wireless means; A power supply module, which supplies power to the positioning and collecting device, and is connected to the cable system.

[0016] Furthermore, the passive sensing positioning unit also includes a wireless communication module, an inductive charging module and a rechargeable battery arranged in the packaging shell; The wireless communication module is wirelessly connected to the wireless receiving module of the positioning and acquisition device, and the wireless communication module transmits the location information of the sensing chip module to the positioning and acquisition device; the induction charging module is connected to the rechargeable battery, and the rechargeable battery supplies power for the passive sensing and positioning unit.

[0017] Furthermore, a wireless energy transmission module is arranged on the drag chain stabilization platform, and the wireless energy transmission module is connected to the cable system.

[0018] Furthermore, the positioning and collecting device is a passive collecting device, which is arranged on the drag chain stabilizing platform and connected to the cable system, and includes: A sensing antenna module, wherein the sensing antenna module establishes short-range communication with the sensing chip module and collects the position information of each group of passive sensing positioning units one by one; A data processing module, the data processing module is connected to the sensing antenna module, and the data processing module parses, processes and stores the location information collected by the sensing antenna module; A communication interface module is used for transmitting data to an external monitoring terminal via a wired or wireless method.

[0019] Furthermore, the drag chain driving device also includes a displacement measurement module for detecting the lifting and lowering distance of the drag chain mechanism in real time.

[0020] Furthermore, the drag chain lifting device is provided with a rotation angle control module, and the rotation angle control module is connected to the cable system; the rotation angle control module includes a rotating disc and a gear driving mechanism, and the gear driving mechanism includes a driving motor and a gear shaft disc, and the driving motor is fixedly connected to the drag chain stabilization platform, and the output shaft of the driving motor is connected to the gear shaft disc; the rotating disc is an annular structure, and the syringe-type injection device is arranged on the outer edge of the rotating disc, and the inner ring teeth of the rotating disc are meshed with the outer ring teeth of the gear shaft disc, and the rotating disc and the gear shaft disc are located on the upper part of the drag chain stabilization platform, and the driving motor drives the gear shaft disc to rotate, and the gear shaft disc drives the rotating disc to rotate precisely around the central axis of the drag chain stabilization platform.

[0021] Furthermore, a surface calibration device is arranged on the upper end face of the measuring borehole, and the surface calibration device comprises a surface calibration sealing cover, a surface detection target is installed on the upper end of the surface calibration sealing cover, and a machine vision detection device for monitoring the displacement of the surface target is fixed on the outer side of the surface calibration sealing cover.

[0022] Furthermore, a solar energy storage panel is provided on the surface calibration sealing cover, and the solar energy storage panel is connected to the cable system through an energy storage system.

[0023] Furthermore, an early warning module is also included, and the early warning module includes: A receiving unit, the receiving unit is connected to the positioning and collecting device, and is used to obtain the actual settlement amount of each soil layer; A comparison unit, connected to the receiving unit, for comparing the actual settlement amount with the warning threshold value to generate an alarm signal; An alarm unit is connected to the comparison unit and is used to output an alarm signal when it is detected that the actual settlement amount exceeds the warning threshold; the alarm signal is sent to an external monitoring terminal or a local alarm device; the local alarm device includes an audible and visual alarm.

[0024] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: The method of this application adopts the idea of ​​"single-hole multi-layer injection" and adopts equal spacing and equal angle distribution in the longitudinal and circumferential directions to form a three-dimensional spiral layout to realize grid monitoring of soil settlement; after the injection is completed, the positioning and acquisition device can repeatedly patrol along the depth of the measuring casing at different time intervals as needed, and obtain the real-time position of each passive sensing positioning unit through near-field sensing or wireless communication to realize high-frequency and multi-point settlement data collection. Combined with the overall settlement recorded by the surface calibration device and the relative layered settlement provided by the positioning and acquisition device, the real displacement change of each soil layer can be accurately calculated; this method is not only compatible with a variety of communication and power supply modes, and meets the diversified monitoring needs of long-term or short-term, high-frequency or low-frequency, but also can complete the calculation of layered settlement by simply comparing the initial position with the real-time position, which is helpful to quickly evaluate the soil change trend and provide direct and effective technical support for engineering safety management and early warning.

[0025] The soil settlement monitoring system based on passive sensing in this application has greatly reduced the complexity of traditional multi-hole construction and single-point measurement through the collaborative design of key components such as measuring sleeves, drag chain lifting devices, injection devices and positioning and collection devices; the measuring sleeves are arranged in a modular manner, with built-in flexible sealed injection ports for needle-type injection devices to puncture, and the drag chain stabilization platform ensures smooth lifting and lowering in the measuring sleeves through damping friction or roller guidance. If the passive sensing positioning unit adopts active inductive charging and wireless communication, it can be continuously powered by the wireless energy transmission module on the drag chain stabilization platform, and the data can be transmitted back to the positioning and collection device in real time; if a passive chip is selected, the signal interaction can be completed by relying on near-field sensing, and it can operate with almost zero power consumption after burial; the combination of surface calibration devices and machine vision detection methods has expanded the measurement depth of the overall settlement, enabling the device to perform multi-dimensional synchronous monitoring from the surface to the deep layer, with significant advantages such as high construction efficiency, strong environmental adaptability and low later maintenance.

[0026] In the data signal transmission link of the present application, in order to realize real-time monitoring and control of the passive sensing and positioning unit, a wireless transmission line is used to complete the round-trip transmission of measurement values ​​and control signals between different devices; specifically, the passive sensing and positioning unit can send the collected location information, sensing signals, etc. to the positioning acquisition device through near-field induction communication or short-range wireless communication, such as NFC, RFID, Bluetooth, Wi-Fi or UWB; after the positioning acquisition device analyzes and processes the received signal, it feeds back the result to the host computer or remote monitoring terminal through a wireless link; due to the use of wireless line transmission, not only the complexity and construction difficulty of wired layout are reduced, but also stable two-way data interaction can be achieved in underground, narrow or environmentally changeable areas; this provides a more flexible and efficient signal transmission path for occasions such as stratified settlement monitoring, active control or real-time early warning.

[0027] Of course, the implementation of the various technical solutions of the present application does not necessarily require achieving all of the advantages described above at the same time. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0028] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present application or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present application. For ordinary technicians in this field, drawings of other embodiments can be obtained based on these drawings without paying any creative work.

[0029] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the monitoring system of Example 1 of the present application; Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the injection process of the monitoring system in Example 1 of the present application; Figure 3 This is a structural block diagram of a passive sensing and positioning unit in Embodiment 1 of the present application; Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the monitoring system of Example 2 of the present application; Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of the injection process of the monitoring system in Example 2 of the present application; Figure 6 This is a structural block diagram of a passive sensing and positioning unit in Embodiment 2 of the present application; Figure 7 It is a schematic diagram of the injection port layout after the measurement sleeve of this application is deployed; Figure 8 It is the structural principle diagram of the rotation angle control module of the present application; Fig. 9 This is a method flow chart of Example 4 of the present application.

[0030] In the figure, 1-measuring borehole, 2-measuring casing, 3-injection device, 4-passive sensing positioning unit, 5-rotation angle control module, 501-rotating disc, 502-gear shaft disc, 6-energy supply module, 7-drag chain drive device, 8-drag chain mechanism, 9-drag chain stabilizing platform, 10-damping friction block, 11-positioning collection device, 12-solar energy storage panel. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0031] The present application is further described in detail below by specific embodiments in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Wherein similar elements in different embodiments adopt associated similar element numbers. In the following embodiments, many detailed descriptions are intended to enable the present application to be better understood. However, those skilled in the art can easily recognize that some of the features can be omitted in different situations, or can be replaced by other elements, materials, and methods. In some cases, some operations related to the present application are not shown or described in the specification, in order to avoid the core part of the present application being overwhelmed by too much description, and for those skilled in the art, it is not necessary to describe these related operations in detail, and they can fully understand the related operations according to the description in the specification and the general technical knowledge in the art.

[0032] In addition, the features, operations or characteristics described in the specification can be combined in any appropriate manner to form various implementations. At the same time, the steps or actions in the method description can also be interchanged or adjusted in a manner that is obvious to those skilled in the art. Therefore, the various sequences in the specification and the drawings are only for the purpose of clearly describing a certain embodiment and are not meant to be a required sequence, unless otherwise specified that a certain sequence must be followed.

[0033] The serial numbers assigned to the components in this document, such as "S1", "S2", etc., are only used to distinguish the objects described and do not have any order or technical meaning. The "connection" and "coupling" mentioned in this application, unless otherwise specified, include direct and indirect connections (couplings).

[0034] Embodiment 1: See also Figure 1 and Figure 2 This embodiment provides a soil settlement monitoring system based on passive sensing, which aims to realize accurate monitoring of the relative stratified settlement of soil stratification. The system includes a measuring sleeve 2, a drag chain lifting device, an injection device 3, a passive sensing positioning unit 4, a rotation angle control module 5, a power supply module 6, a wireless energy transmission module and a positioning collection device 11.

[0035] The measuring sleeve 2 in the system is made of insulating material and is arranged along the measuring borehole 1 to provide a closed guide channel for the equipment. The measuring sleeve 2 adopts a modular splicing design and is suitable for monitoring needs at different depths. At the same time, a slide rail (not shown in the figure) is provided in the measuring sleeve 2 to provide guide support for the lifting and lowering of the drag chain mechanism. There are several injection ports evenly distributed along the axial direction on the measuring sleeve 2. The injection ports are pierced by the needle of the injection device to inject the passive sensing positioning unit into the specified position in the soil. The injection ports on the measuring sleeve 2 are arranged according to predetermined rules to achieve accurate monitoring of soil stratified settlement. For example, along the axial direction of the measuring sleeve, the injection ports are evenly spaced, and the longitudinal spacing is optimized according to the soil characteristics and monitoring needs. In the annular direction, the injection ports are distributed at equal angles, such as 45°, and several injection ports eventually form a three-dimensional spiral layout trajectory. For a schematic diagram of the injection port layout, see Figure 7 In this embodiment, the injection port adopts a silicone diaphragm valve structure, and the valve port is made of a silicone film with a prefabricated crack. When the needle is inserted, the crack opens to allow the passive sensing positioning unit to pass through; after the injection is completed, the crack automatically closes by relying on the resilience of the silicone to ensure the sealing and environmental isolation of the injection port.

[0036] The drag chain lifting device is composed of a drag chain driving device 7, a drag chain mechanism 8, a drag chain stabilizing platform 9 and a cable system; the drag chain mechanism 8 is arranged inside the measuring sleeve 2, and its lifting and lowering movement is controlled by the drag chain driving device 7; the drag chain stabilizing platform 9 is made of high-strength metal, and its main function is to provide a stable installation foundation for the injection device 3, the positioning and acquisition equipment and the wireless energy transmission module (not shown in the figure), and a damping friction block 10 is arranged on the outer edge of the drag chain stabilizing platform 9, and the damping friction block 10 is in contact with the inner wall of the measuring sleeve 2, and the friction force is used to reduce the shaking of the drag chain stabilizing platform 9 during the lifting process; the drag chain mechanism 8 includes a flexible chain, and the flexible chain is arranged along the slide rail in the measuring sleeve 2, and the slide rail provides a precise guiding function to ensure that the flexible chain maintains stable movement during the lifting process. The material of the chain is selected from a high-strength, wear-resistant composite material to ensure that it can resist the influence of humidity, corrosive substances and temperature changes in the underground environment during repeated lifting. In other embodiments, in order to ensure the smooth lifting and lowering of the drag chain stabilizing platform, a roller guide system can also be selected, and rollers are set on the outer edge of the drag chain stabilizing platform to contact the inner wall of the measuring sleeve, so as to reduce shaking and reduce movement resistance through rolling friction.

[0037] The drag chain drive device 7 drives the drag chain mechanism 8 to rise and fall through the output shaft, thereby realizing precise vertical positioning of the injection device 3; the lower end of the drag chain mechanism 8 is connected to the drag chain stabilizing platform 9, providing a stable foundation for equipment installation; the flexible chain has an embedded cable system, which rises and falls synchronously with the movement of the drag chain, providing power and signal transmission functions for the injection device and positioning acquisition equipment.

[0038] In this embodiment, the injection device 3 adopts a needle-tube injection system, and a plurality of passive sensing and positioning units 4 are preset in the injection device 3. After the injection device 3 is driven to the target depth by the drag chain mechanism 8, the injection position is adjusted by the rotation angle control module 5, and the injection device is aligned with the injection port and penetrates into the soil to inject the passive sensing and positioning unit 4.

[0039] See also Figure 3 The passive sensing and positioning unit 4 is encapsulated in a corrosion-resistant shell, and the shell integrates a sensing chip module, a wireless communication module, an inductive charging module and a micro-rechargeable battery; the sensing chip module adopts an ultra-low power consumption chip, and communicates wirelessly with the positioning acquisition device 11 through the connected wireless communication module, and sends the position information of the passive sensing and positioning unit 4 in real time; the inductive charging module obtains energy through the wireless energy transmission module integrated on the drag chain stabilization platform 9, charges the micro-rechargeable battery, and supplies energy to other components, ensuring that the passive sensing and positioning unit 4 continues to operate stably during long-term monitoring.

[0040] See also Figure 8In this embodiment, the rotation angle control module 5 includes a rotating disk 501 and a gear driving mechanism. The rotating disk 501 is an annular structure and is provided with precise inner ring teeth. The injection device 3 is arranged on the outer edge of the rotating disk 501; the gear driving mechanism includes a driving motor and a gear shaft disk 502. The driving motor is fixedly arranged at the central position of the upper end surface of the drag chain stabilizing platform 9. The output shaft of the driving motor is vertically connected to the gear shaft disk 502. The disk body of the gear shaft disk 502 is provided with precise outer ring teeth. The gear shaft disk 502 is meshed in the rotating disk 501. The assembled rotating disk 501 and the gear shaft disk 502 are located at the upper part of the drag chain stabilizing platform. The driving motor drives the gear shaft disk 502 to rotate, thereby driving the rotating disk 501 to rotate, thereby completing the 360° precise rotation of the injection device 3. In order to accurately control the rotation angle of the rotating disk 501, in this embodiment, the driving motor selects a servo motor equipped with an encoder or a rotary transformer, which can accurately control the rotation speed and rotation angle of the output shaft. It should be noted that, in other embodiments, the rotation angle control module may also adopt an electromagnetic angle control mechanism to achieve precise rotation control by adjusting the electromagnetic torque.

[0041] In this embodiment, a plurality of groups of positioning and collecting devices 11 are evenly arranged outside the measuring borehole 1. The positioning and collecting devices 11 include a wireless receiving module, a data processing module and a communication interface module. The positioning and collecting devices are used to receive the position information of all passive sensing and positioning units 4, and analyze the data through the data processing module to calculate the relative settlement of each layer of the soil. The positioning and collecting devices 11 can be connected to an external monitoring terminal by wire or wireless means.

[0042] In this embodiment, the energy supply module 6 is externally connected to a solar energy storage panel 12, and the solar energy storage panel 12 is arranged outside the measuring borehole 1. The solar energy storage panel 12 is connected to the energy storage system of the energy supply module 6, and then provides continuous power guarantee for the positioning and collection device 11 through the cable system; in other embodiments, the energy supply module can also adopt a combination of solar power supply, wind power supply, energy storage batteries, external cables, etc. to further enhance the sustainability of energy.

[0043] In this embodiment, the wireless transmission lines between the multiple groups of positioning and collection devices 11 and each passive sensing and positioning unit 4 are realized through short-range wireless communication. Specifically, the multiple groups of positioning and collection devices 11 accurately locate the passive sensing and positioning unit 4 through ultra-wideband UWB (Ultra-Wideband) positioning technology; each positioning and collection device 11 receives the wireless signal of the passive sensing and positioning unit 4, calculates its distance from the passive sensing and positioning unit 4 according to the time difference of the signal, and infers the three-dimensional position of the passive sensing and positioning unit 4 in combination with multi-point data; the above-mentioned UWB (Ultra-Wideband) positioning technology can rely on the mature two-way time of flight method (TW-TOF, Two-Way Time of Flight), time difference of arrival method (TDoA, Time Difference of Arrival), angle of arrival (AoA) method or multi-mode fusion method (such as TDoA+AoA or TW-TOF+AoA) to achieve high-precision solution and error compensation of the target position. Compared with traditional positioning methods, UWB (Ultra-Wideband) positioning technology has stronger anti-multipath interference ability, higher resolution and lower latency, and is particularly suitable for complex environments such as soil stratification and settlement that require multi-point, high-precision monitoring. With the help of the above ranging and data fusion algorithms, this embodiment can maintain centimeter-level or even sub-centimeter-level positioning accuracy underground or in environments with large interference, providing more comprehensive and reliable data support for soil settlement monitoring.

[0044] In other embodiments, the location information of the passive sensing positioning unit 4 can also be sent to the positioning collection device 11 through other short-range wireless communications, such as Bluetooth or Wi-Fi; such short-range wireless technologies usually have the characteristics of low power consumption, high integration, and a wide variety of compatible devices, and are suitable for applications in scenarios with short distances, relatively scattered mobile terminals, or relatively simple environments; although Bluetooth or Wi-Fi may not be as good as UWB in terms of multipath interference resistance and positioning accuracy, they can still effectively meet data transmission and basic positioning requirements in applications with relatively low requirements for real-time and high precision, providing more flexible and diversified communication means for engineering monitoring; combined with specific construction and monitoring conditions, UWB and other short-range wireless communications can be selected or combined for application to obtain better monitoring effects and system stability.

[0045] In this embodiment, an early warning module is provided to compare the actual settlement of each soil layer with the early warning threshold and trigger an alarm in an abnormal situation; the early warning module can ensure a rapid response when abnormal settlement is found, greatly improving the safety and practicality of this embodiment in deep soil layer monitoring.

[0046] During operation, first, a measuring borehole 1 is drilled in the area to be measured, and a measuring sleeve 2 is laid out along the measuring borehole 1; the drag chain lifting device drives the injection device 3 to move up and down along the measuring sleeve 2, and the injection position is adjusted by the rotation angle control module 5, and the passive sensing positioning unit 4 is injected into the soil according to the preset longitudinal spacing and circumferential angle to form a three-dimensional spiral layout trajectory; after the injection is completed, the positioning and acquisition device 11 collects and calculates the real-time position information of each passive sensing positioning unit 4 by wireless means, compares it with the initial position data and the position data at the previous moment, and calculates the change in the stratified settlement of the soil; the obtained results are simultaneously input into the early warning module for threshold comparison, and when the settlement of any soil layer exceeds the set threshold, an alarm signal is triggered.

[0047] This system greatly reduces construction complexity and cost through multi-point monitoring in a single measuring borehole. At the same time, it realizes the precise layout of the positioning unit through the rotation angle control module, which significantly improves the monitoring accuracy and reliability. In different embodiments, the injection device, energy supply module and positioning acquisition method can be customized and optimized according to actual needs. It has high adaptability and flexibility, and provides reliable technical support for engineering stability monitoring.

[0048] Embodiment 2: See also Figure 4 and Figure 5 This embodiment provides a soil settlement monitoring system based on passive sensing. Compared with Embodiment 1, the wireless transmission line between the positioning and collecting device 11 and each passive sensing and positioning unit 4 in this embodiment is realized through near-field induction communication; therefore, this embodiment simplifies the functions of the passive sensing and positioning unit and its sensing method. The passive sensing and positioning unit 4 only retains the shell and the sensing chip module, and does not need to actively transmit signals and self-power; near-field reading and writing are performed by the positioning and collecting device 11 installed on the drag chain stabilization platform, thereby realizing the layered settlement monitoring of the soil.

[0049] In terms of system composition, this embodiment still includes a measuring sleeve 2, a drag chain lifting device, an injection device 3, a passive sensing positioning unit 4, a rotation angle control module 5 and a positioning acquisition device 11; the measuring sleeve 2 is arranged along the measuring borehole 1 to provide a stable closed channel for the drag chain mechanism; injection ports are distributed on the measuring sleeve 2, and the injection ports adopt a silicone diaphragm valve structure, which can be punctured by the needle tube of the injection device 3 and automatically closed.

[0050] See also Figure 6 Compared with Example 1, the passive sensing and positioning unit 4 of this embodiment is greatly simplified in structure and function, and only includes a corrosion-resistant shell and a sensing chip module arranged in the shell. The sensing chip module uses an NFC chip or an RFID chip; the passive sensing and positioning unit 4 passively senses and transmits information when it is close to the positioning collection device 11, and does not require batteries or wireless power supply.

[0051] The injection device 3 still adopts a needle-tube injection system; after the drag chain mechanism 8 sends the injection device 3 to the target depth, it cooperates with the rotation angle control module 5 for circumferential positioning; the rotation angle control module 5 is the same as Example 1, and uses a rotating disc and a rotating gear drive mechanism to achieve precise rotation, so that the injection device and the flexible injection port on the measuring sleeve 2 are aligned; after the alignment is completed, the needle tube of the injection device 3 pierces the diaphragm valve and injects the passive sensing and positioning unit 4 with unique ID information into the specified soil layer; within the entire soil body, the above-mentioned injection operation is repeated according to the preset longitudinal spacing and circumferential angle, so that multiple passive sensing and positioning units 4 are distributed at different depths and orientations; the ID information carried by each passive sensing and positioning unit 4 is identified and recorded by the positioning and acquisition device 11, and finally a complete three-dimensional monitoring network is formed, which provides an accurate identification basis for subsequent data acquisition and layered settlement calculation.

[0052] In coordination with this, in this embodiment, the drag chain lifting device includes a drag chain drive device 7, a drag chain mechanism 8, a drag chain stabilizing platform 9 and a cable system; what is different from implementation 1 is that a special displacement measurement module is set in the drag chain drive 7 device, for example, an encoder is integrated on the output shaft of the drive motor or the transmission shaft of the drag chain drive device 7, and the lifting distance of the drag chain mechanism 8 is accurately measured in real time by detecting the motor rotation angle and pulse count, thereby obtaining the depth information of the injection device 3.

[0053] In this embodiment, the positioning and acquisition device 11 is fixed to the drag chain stabilization platform 9, and further, is fixed to the injection device 3, and is used for near-field reading and writing of the passive sensing positioning unit 4 at various depths; when the drag chain stabilization platform 9 moves to the target depth, the positioning and acquisition device 11 stimulates and reads the passive sensing positioning unit 4 through near-field induction communication methods such as NFC; after obtaining the ID information and necessary sensing information of the passive sensing positioning unit 4, combined with the depth information of the injection device 3 measured by the displacement measurement module, the coordinate information of the positioning unit in the soil can be calculated; by comparing with the coordinate data of the initial layout position or the previous moment, the settlement change of the corresponding soil layer can be calculated.

[0054] In terms of workflow, first, a measuring borehole 1 is drilled in the area to be measured and a measuring casing 2 is laid out; then, the drag chain lifting device drives the injection device 3 to inject the passive sensing and positioning units into the soil in layers according to the set longitudinal spacing and circumferential angles, forming a three-dimensional spiral layout; when monitoring is required, the drag chain stabilization platform 9 carries the positioning and acquisition device 11 and enters the measuring casing 2 again, and reads the information of the passive sensing and positioning unit 4 through the near field of the positioning and acquisition device 11 to complete the acquisition of the position of the passive sensing and positioning unit 4; finally, the monitoring results are transmitted to the external terminal via cable or wirelessly for analysis and storage.

[0055] In order to illustrate how to use the system of this embodiment to obtain and analyze the stratified settlement of soil, an example calculation process is given below; in order to simplify the calculation process, this example only takes the injection of passive sensing and positioning units at five depths as an example to demonstrate the specific operation and data processing methods of the system during the initial deployment and subsequent monitoring stages.

[0056] First, in the measuring boreholes in the area to be measured, passive sensing and positioning units numbered "ID1", "ID2", "ID3", "ID4" and "ID5" are injected in sequence along the soil layers at depths of 5m, 10m, 15m, 20m and 25m respectively, and the initial deployment depths are recorded; after the injection is completed, the positioning and acquisition device binds and registers the unique ID information of each passive sensing and positioning unit with the corresponding initial depth as the benchmark data for subsequent comparison.

[0057] Then, after a unit time (which can be set to daily, weekly or longer according to project requirements), the soil settlement is remeasured; at this time, the operator starts the drag chain lifting device, and moves the drag chain stabilization platform carrying the positioning and collection device to the predetermined depth ranges of 5m, 10m, 15m, 20m, and 25m in sequence; when the drag chain stabilization platform reaches the target position and is close to the corresponding positioning unit, the positioning and collection device on the drag chain stabilization platform reads the ID information of the passive sensing positioning unit through NFC near-field induction communication and combines it with the real-time depth value provided by the displacement measurement module of the drag chain mechanism.

[0058] For example, the depth results of this retest are as follows: ID1: 5.07m ID2: 10.02m ID3: 15.04m ID4: 20.13m ID5: 25.08m Then, compare this reading with the initial registered data to get the settlement of the soil layer at each depth. Take "ID1" as an example, its initial depth is 5.00m, and the re-measurement result is 5.07m, so the settlement is 5.07m-5.00m=0.07m; the remaining IDs can also be calculated in the same way, and the comparison results are as follows: ΔID1: 5.07-5.00=0.07m ΔID2: 10.02-10.00=0.02m ΔID3: 15.04-15.00=0.04m ΔID4: 20.13-20.00=0.13m ΔID5: 25.08-25.00=0.08m It can be seen from the monitoring values ​​this time that the soil layer (ID4) with a depth of 20m has produced a relatively large settlement, reaching 0.13m, while the settlement changes in other locations are relatively small. Subsequently, the system will transmit the depth and settlement data obtained from the monitoring to the ground monitoring terminal via cable or wirelessly. Combined with previous monitoring data, the soil settlement trend can be comprehensively tracked and analyzed, and when the settlement rate is found to be too fast or exceeds the safety threshold, necessary early warning or engineering reinforcement measures can be taken in time. Through such continuous patrol monitoring and data accumulation, a reliable assessment of the long-term settlement status of the project can be made, providing an important reference for subsequent safety management.

[0059] To sum up, while maintaining the idea of ​​single-borehole multi-point monitoring and three-dimensional spiral layout, Example 2 cancels the active communication and power supply functions of the passive sensing and positioning unit, and instead adopts passive sensing to complete data collection; this solution not only effectively reduces construction costs and equipment complexity, and reduces the need for later maintenance, but also is particularly outstanding in terms of adaptability. It is particularly suitable for engineering scenarios that have relatively moderate requirements for settlement monitoring accuracy and real-time performance, while paying attention to construction convenience and cost control; by flexibly adjusting the injection depth, circumferential angle and acquisition frequency of the passive sensing and positioning unit, it can meet the needs of various soil conditions and monitoring scales, providing an efficient, economical and scalable technical option for engineering safety monitoring.

[0060] Embodiment 3:

[0061] This embodiment provides a soil settlement monitoring system based on passive sensing. The difference from Embodiment 1 and Embodiment 2 is that a surface calibration device is installed at the upper end of the measuring borehole to measure the overall settlement of the soil, and calculate the actual settlement of each soil layer in combination with the relative layer settlement of each soil layer.

[0062] The surface calibration device includes a surface calibration sealing cover, a surface detection target and a machine vision detection device; the surface calibration sealing cover is installed at the upper end of the measuring borehole, used to seal the measuring borehole and provide fixed support for the target; the surface detection target is installed at the upper end of the sealing cover, and its surface has a high-contrast mark for accurate identification and positioning of the machine vision detection device; the machine vision detection device captures the changes in the target position in real time through a high-definition camera, and calculates the displacement data of the target through an image processing module, thereby obtaining the overall settlement of the soil.

[0063] During operation, the machine vision detection device first records the initial position of the surface detection target as the reference position, and then collects the displacement data of the target at fixed time intervals, which is combined with the stratified settlement data collected by the passive sensing positioning unit; through the comprehensive calculation of the overall settlement and the relative stratified settlement, the actual settlement of each soil layer is obtained, providing more accurate data support for the analysis of soil stratified settlement characteristics.

[0064] In this embodiment, an early warning module is also provided, which is composed of the following functional units: Receiving unit: The receiving unit is connected to the data processing module of the positioning and acquisition device 11, and periodically or in real time receives the actual settlement amount corresponding to each passive sensing and positioning unit 4; when the detection system of this embodiment is in the high-frequency monitoring mode, the receiving unit can quickly update the actual settlement amount of each soil layer within a short time interval, providing sufficient basis for subsequent analysis.

[0065] Comparison unit: The comparison unit pre-stores the warning thresholds of various soil layers based on on-site measurements and safety specifications, including graded thresholds such as normal range, warning range and danger range; the comparison unit compares the actual settlement of each soil layer transmitted by the receiving unit with the corresponding warning threshold; when the actual settlement of any soil layer exceeds the pre-set warning threshold or shows a rapid growth trend, the comparison unit generates an alarm signal to indicate the possible risk of abnormal soil settlement.

[0066] Alarm unit: The alarm unit is connected to the comparison unit. When receiving the alarm signal, it immediately triggers the local sound and light alarm or sends the alarm information to the external monitoring terminal through the communication interface. For large-scale engineering projects that require remote real-time monitoring, the alarm unit can synchronize abnormal alarms to the central control room or the management personnel's mobile device in a short time, so as to take corresponding response or reinforcement measures in time to minimize the potential harm of soil settlement to engineering safety.

[0067] This embodiment realizes settlement monitoring from the surface to the deep layer by combining the surface calibration device with the layered settlement monitoring system, ensuring the consistency and accuracy of the overall data; this embodiment is suitable for engineering scenarios that require high-precision settlement monitoring, especially in complex geological environments.

[0068] Embodiment 4:

[0069] This embodiment provides a soil settlement monitoring method based on passive sensing, which adopts a layered injection passive sensing positioning unit and combines the overall settlement measurement of a surface calibration device to achieve accurate calculation of the actual settlement of each soil layer.

[0070] See also Fig. 9 , the specific implementation steps are as follows: Step S1: Laying out measurement boreholes and measurement casing First, a drilling rig is used to drill a measuring borehole in the area to be tested according to the monitoring requirements. The drilling depth covers the target soil layer range, and the hole diameter is slightly larger than the outer diameter of the measuring casing to facilitate the later layout of the measuring casing. After the drilling is completed, the measuring casing is spliced ​​in sections and placed in the measuring borehole to ensure that the measuring casing is laid vertically along the axis of the borehole and firmly fits the hole wall. The measuring casing is made of high-strength insulating material, and the inner wall is smooth to reduce the friction resistance of the drag chain mechanism during movement. The measuring casing is evenly arranged with several injection ports along the axial direction, and adopts a silicone diaphragm valve design, which can automatically reset after the needle tube is punctured to maintain the sealing of the measuring casing.

[0071] Step S2: Install the surface calibration device A surface calibration device is installed at the upper end of the measuring borehole, and the device consists of a surface calibration sealing cover, a surface detection target and a machine vision detection device.

[0072] Surface calibration sealing cover: Made of high-strength waterproof material, it is used to seal the measurement borehole and provide stable support for the surface detection target, while preventing external debris from entering the borehole.

[0073] Surface detection target: installed on the top of the sealing cover, with high-contrast or high-reflective markings coated on the surface to facilitate accurate identification and positioning by machine vision detection equipment.

[0074] Machine vision detection device: fixed on the outside of the sealing cover, including a high-definition camera and an image processing module. The camera captures the target's motion in real time, and the image processing module analyzes the target's displacement to obtain the overall settlement of the soil.

[0075] The surface calibration device can record the initial position of the surface target and conduct continuous monitoring, providing an overall settlement benchmark for subsequent fusion calculations with stratified settlement data.

[0076] Step S3: Install the drag chain lifting device A drag chain lifting device is installed inside the measuring sleeve; the device consists of a drag chain drive device, a drag chain mechanism, a drag chain stabilizing platform and a cable system: Drag chain drive device: The lifting and lowering movement of the drag chain mechanism is controlled by a servo motor or a stepper motor to ensure that the injection device can move up and down and be accurately positioned.

[0077] Drag chain mechanism: It is set in the measuring sleeve and consists of a high-strength, wear-resistant flexible chain and a guide rail to ensure smooth lifting.

[0078] Drag chain stabilizing platform: installed at the lower end of the drag chain mechanism, used to carry the injection device, rotation angle control module and other auxiliary equipment; damping friction blocks or rollers are set on the outer edge of the stabilizing platform to reduce the shaking of the drag chain stabilizing platform during the lifting process.

[0079] Cable system: Moves with the flexible chain to provide power and signal transmission channels for electrical equipment such as positioning and collection devices on the platform.

[0080] Step S4: Injection of passive sensing and positioning unit Start the drag chain drive device, and move the injection device along the inner wall of the measuring sleeve to the target depth through the drag chain mechanism; the injection device adopts a needle-tube design, and stores a number of passive sensing and positioning units inside; when the injection device reaches the predetermined position, the needle tube pierces the flexible sealed injection port at the corresponding depth, and sends the positioning unit into the soil; at this time, the rotation angle control module can adjust the injection angle in the circumferential direction, so that the positioning unit constructs a three-dimensional spiral layout trajectory according to the strategy of equal spacing in the longitudinal direction and equal angles in the circumferential direction; after the injection is completed, the passive sensing and positioning unit is left in each soil layer, and the sensing chip module protected by a corrosion-resistant shell inside provides settlement position information.

[0081] Step S5: Collecting initial position data After all the positioning units are injected, the positioning acquisition device is started to obtain the initial position data; the positioning acquisition device is fixedly installed on the drag chain stabilization platform, and uses near-field sensing to read the ID information and relative position of each positioning unit, and record its initial coordinates in the soil; the above data is analyzed by the data processing module, stored internally or uploaded to the external monitoring terminal as a reference for subsequent comparative analysis.

[0082] Step S6: Collecting real-time location data During the monitoring period (which can be set to daily, weekly or longer according to project requirements), the drag chain lifting device is repeatedly started to move the positioning and collection device to each preset depth in turn; the positioning unit information buried in the soil is read one by one through near-field induction communication, and combined with the accurate depth data provided by the displacement measurement module of the drag chain mechanism; the collected real-time position information is analyzed by the data processing module and transmitted to the external monitoring terminal through the communication interface module, so as to view and analyze the relative settlement changes of each soil layer.

[0083] Step S7: Collecting the overall surface settlement At the same time, the machine vision detection device is started to obtain the overall surface settlement. The camera captures the movement of the surface detection target in real time, and the image processing module analyzes the target displacement and outputs the surface settlement data ΔD; the surface calibration device can provide target protection in construction sites with relatively harsh environments and reduce the impact of external factors on positioning accuracy.

[0084] Step S8: Calculate the actual settlement of each soil layer After obtaining the layered settlement and the overall surface settlement, the actual settlement D of each soil layer is calculated using the following formula: D = Δd + ΔD in: D: actual settlement of a soil layer; Δd: The relative layered settlement of the soil layer, obtained by the displacement difference of the positioning unit read by the positioning acquisition device; ΔD: Overall settlement of soil, obtained through surface calibration device and machine vision detection device.

[0085] By superimposing the settlement of each soil layer with the overall settlement of the surface, the complete settlement distribution from the surface to the deep layer can be obtained, providing key data support for subsequent construction control, early warning and formulation of reinforcement plans.

[0086] This embodiment, based on Embodiment 2 and Embodiment 3, combines a passive sensing and positioning unit buried in the soil to further realize multi-dimensional settlement monitoring from the surface to the deep layer. Compared with the traditional solution that relies only on single-point or single-layer monitoring, the newly added surface calibration device can provide overall settlement calibration, so that the system can significantly improve the consistency and accuracy of monitoring data. This embodiment is particularly suitable for engineering scenarios with complex geological conditions and high requirements for monitoring accuracy and long-term observation capabilities, such as subway tunnels, large foundation pits, dams and soft soil foundations. In the case of long-term and multi-point deployment, the system can still maintain high reliability and scalability, providing more comprehensive and accurate technical support for engineering health monitoring and safety management.

[0087] In another embodiment, based on the idea of ​​combining Example 1 with Example 3, the passive sensing positioning unit with wireless energy transmission and active communication functions in Example 1 is used together with the surface calibration device in Example 3 to form a soil settlement monitoring method based on passive sensing; this method ensures that the positioning unit buried in the soil can realize long-period, high-frequency data collection and transmission through active wireless communication and inductive charging; at the same time, combined with the overall settlement calibration provided by the surface calibration device, multi-dimensional settlement monitoring from the surface to the deep layer is realized; this combination scheme can improve the accuracy and completeness of the monitoring results in construction or operation scenarios with more stringent requirements on high precision and real-time performance, and provide more powerful technical support for engineering safety early warning and operation maintenance.

[0088] The above specific examples are used to illustrate the present application, which is only used to help understand the present application and is not intended to limit the present application. For technicians in the technical field to which the present application belongs, they can also make some simple deductions, deformations or substitutions based on the ideas of the present application.

Claims

1. A soil settlement monitoring method based on passive sensing, characterized in that: Multiple groups of passive sensing and positioning units are injected layer by layer along the depth direction in the soil to be monitored. The positioning and collection device collects the position information of each passive sensing and positioning unit at different times in real time through a wireless transmission line. By comparing the initial position and real-time position of the passive sensing and positioning unit, the relative layered settlement of each soil layer is calculated.

2. The soil settlement monitoring method based on passive sensing according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The wireless transmission line includes near field induction communication or short range wireless communication.

3. The soil settlement monitoring method based on passive sensing according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The method comprises: Drilling a measuring borehole downward along the upper surface of the soil to be monitored; Place the measuring casing into the soil to be monitored along the measuring borehole; Multiple groups of passive sensing and positioning units are injected in layers to different preset depths in the soil to be measured through an injection device arranged in the measuring casing; Collecting initial position data of multiple groups of passive sensing positioning units through a positioning collection device; Within a preset time interval, the positioning collection device repeatedly collects real-time position data of the passive sensing positioning unit; The position data of the passive sensing positioning unit at different times are compared to calculate the relative layer settlement of each soil layer.

4. The soil settlement monitoring method based on passive sensing according to claim 3 is characterized in that: Multiple groups of passive sensing and positioning units are injected in layers to different preset depths in the soil to be measured through the injection device arranged in the measuring casing, including: The injection sites of adjacent passive sensing localization units were equally spaced in the longitudinal direction; The injection sites of adjacent passive sensing localization units were distributed around at equal angular intervals; The injection positions of multiple groups of passive sensing positioning units form a three-dimensional spiral trajectory with equal spacing in the longitudinal direction and equal angle distribution in the circumferential direction.

5. The soil settlement monitoring method based on passive sensing according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The method further comprises: A surface calibration device is set up to measure the overall settlement of the soil; the actual settlement of each soil layer is calculated by combining the overall settlement with the relative stratified settlement.

6. The soil settlement monitoring method based on passive sensing according to claim 5 is characterized in that: The method further comprises: Set the warning threshold and store the warning threshold of each soil layer in the warning module; Collect the actual settlement amount, and transmit the actual settlement amount of each soil layer to the early warning module periodically or in real time; Compare the actual settlement with the warning threshold. In the warning module, the actual settlement is compared with the warning threshold. When the actual settlement of any soil layer exceeds the warning threshold, an alarm signal is generated. Output alarm signal and send the alarm signal to external monitoring terminal or local alarm device.

7. The soil settlement monitoring system based on passive sensing is characterized by: include: A measuring sleeve, which is an insulating tube and is arranged in the measuring borehole; A drag chain lifting device, the drag chain lifting device comprising a drag chain driving device, a drag chain mechanism, a drag chain stabilizing platform and a cable system, the drag chain driving device is connected to the drag chain mechanism, the drag chain mechanism is arranged in the measuring sleeve, and the end of the drag chain mechanism is connected to the drag chain stabilizing platform; An injection device, which is a needle-tube injection device, is provided with a plurality of passive sensing and positioning units, is arranged on a drag chain stabilization platform, and is connected to a cable system; A passive sensing and positioning unit, the passive sensing and positioning unit comprising a packaging shell and a sensing chip module arranged in the packaging shell; A positioning collection device is used to receive the position information of the passive sensing positioning unit.

8. The soil settlement monitoring system based on passive sensing according to claim 7 is characterized in that: The positioning acquisition device is a wireless acquisition device, comprising: A wireless receiving module, wherein the wireless receiving module receives position information from multiple groups of passive sensing and positioning units; A data processing module, which parses, processes and stores the location information received by the wireless receiving module; A communication interface module, which transmits the processed location information to an external monitoring terminal via wired or wireless means; A power supply module, which supplies power to the positioning and collecting device, and is connected to the cable system.

9. The soil settlement monitoring system based on passive sensing according to claim 8 is characterized in that: The passive sensing positioning unit also includes a wireless communication module, an inductive charging module and a rechargeable battery arranged in the packaging shell; The wireless communication module is wirelessly connected to the wireless receiving module of the positioning and acquisition device, and the wireless communication module transmits the location information of the sensing chip module to the positioning and acquisition device; the induction charging module is connected to the rechargeable battery, and the rechargeable battery supplies power for the passive sensing and positioning unit.

10. The soil settlement monitoring system based on passive sensing according to claim 9 is characterized in that: A wireless energy transmission module is arranged on the drag chain stabilization platform, and the wireless energy transmission module is connected to the cable system.

11. The soil settlement monitoring system based on passive sensing according to claim 7 is characterized in that: The positioning and collecting device is a passive collecting device, which is arranged on the drag chain stabilizing platform and connected to the cable system, and includes: A sensing antenna module, wherein the sensing antenna module establishes short-range communication with the sensing chip module and collects the position information of each group of passive sensing positioning units one by one; A data processing module, the data processing module is connected to the sensing antenna module, and the data processing module parses, processes and stores the location information collected by the sensing antenna module; A communication interface module is used for transmitting information to an external monitoring terminal via a wired or wireless method.

12. The soil settlement monitoring system based on passive sensing according to claim 11 is characterized in that: The drag chain driving device also includes a displacement measuring module for detecting the lifting distance of the drag chain mechanism in real time.

13. The soil settlement monitoring system based on passive sensing according to claim 7 is characterized in that: The drag chain lifting device is provided with a rotation angle control module, and the rotation angle control module is connected to the cable system; the rotation angle control module includes a rotating disc and a gear driving mechanism, and the gear driving mechanism includes a driving motor and a gear shaft disc, and the driving motor is fixedly connected to the drag chain stabilization platform, and the output shaft of the driving motor is connected to the gear shaft disc; the rotating disc is an annular structure, and the needle-tube injection device is arranged on the outer edge of the rotating disc, and the inner ring teeth of the rotating disc are meshed with the outer ring teeth of the gear shaft disc, and the rotating disc and the gear shaft disc are located on the upper part of the drag chain stabilization platform, and the driving motor drives the gear shaft disc to rotate, and the gear shaft disc drives the rotating disc to rotate precisely around the central axis of the drag chain stabilization platform.

14. The soil settlement monitoring system based on passive sensing according to claim 7 is characterized in that: A surface calibration device is arranged on the upper end face of the measuring borehole, and the surface calibration device comprises a surface calibration sealing cover, a surface detection target is installed on the upper end of the surface calibration sealing cover, and a machine vision detection device for monitoring the displacement of the surface target is fixed on the outer side of the surface calibration sealing cover.

15. The soil settlement monitoring system based on passive sensing according to claim 14 is characterized in that: A solar energy storage panel is arranged on the surface calibration sealing cover, and the solar energy storage panel is connected to the cable system through an energy storage system.

16. The soil settlement monitoring system based on passive sensing according to claim 7 is characterized in that: It also includes an early warning module, which includes: A receiving unit, the receiving unit is connected to the positioning and collecting device, and is used to obtain the actual settlement amount of each soil layer; A comparison unit, connected to the receiving unit, for comparing the actual settlement amount with the warning threshold value to generate an alarm signal; An alarm unit, connected to the comparison unit, for outputting an alarm signal when it is detected that the actual settlement amount exceeds the warning threshold; The alarm signal is sent to an external monitoring terminal or a local alarm device; the local alarm device includes an audible and visual alarm.

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