Metallurgy archaeological analysis method

Abstract

The invention discloses a metallurgy archaeological analysis method, and belongs to the field of metallurgy analysis technology and metallurgy technology history. Ancient metallurgical samples are subjected to physical and chemical inspection, and components of slag, metal and reactor fragments are analyzed. Based on the metallurgical principle, drawing a ternary phase diagram of sample components, calculating the soft melting temperature of the slag, and comparing and calculating the sulfur content in the slag and the sulfur content in the metal cultural relics to obtain an equilibrium distribution coefficient of sulfur in the slag-gold; the relation between the carbon content in the metal and the smelting temperature is established through a J.F.Elliot empirical formula; and determining the refractoriness according to the reactor cultural relic fragment components. The constraint conditions are subjected to simultaneous solution to obtain a slag-metal adaptive relation, smelting parameters can be determined according to the slag-metal adaptive relation, and then the ancient smelting process is restored and reproduced. By adopting the method, the one-to-one correspondence relationship between the ancient sample slag and the ancient iron product can be established, the ancient iron smelting process is accurately reasoned and analyzed by utilizing the existing metallurgy related principle, and the problem of space-time disorder in metallurgy archaeological research is solved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the field of metallurgical analysis technology and metallurgical technology history, and particularly relates to a metallurgical archaeological analysis method. Background Art

[0002] The smelting and application of metals is the turning point for mankind to move from ignorance to civilization. The "three-stage theory" of archaeology regards the production capacity, production efficiency and performance level of ironware as important indicators for judging the degree of development of productivity in ancient society, and raises the significance of iron tools to the level of dividing human social civilization. China's Northeast region is rich in mineral resources, especially the iron mines in Benxi, Liaoyang and Anshan in Liaoning Province, which were mined on a large scale when the Liao Dynasty ruled the Northeast region. In the Qing Dynasty, Benxi was known as "Hanyeping in the south and Beixi (Benxi) Lake in the north", and in modern times it is known as the "City of Coal and Iron". With the resource advantages of both iron ore and coal, Benxi has become one of the important birthplaces of China's iron smelting technology.

[0003] In the process of studying the history of iron smelting, the method of analyzing the chemical composition and organizational structure of slag or iron products to infer the smelting process is often used. Although it is relatively easy to obtain relics such as slag, iron products and reactors from the same period in ancient times, it is almost impossible to obtain all the physical evidence of slag, iron and reactors at the same iron smelting site at the same time. Therefore, this kind of research cannot accurately obtain the one-to-one correspondence between slag samples and iron products, and it is difficult to use existing metallurgical theories to accurately infer and analyze the iron smelting process, which often causes time and space confusion in research.

[0004] Moreover, the traditional method of metallurgical archaeology today is mainly based on dating research through C14, which can only determine the age of metallurgical artifacts but cannot determine their smelting parameters, let alone reproduce the metallurgical technology of the time.

[0005] Therefore, it is necessary to construct a metallurgical archaeological analysis method, conduct laboratory research on metallurgical relics, and infer the characteristics of the iron smelting technology at that time. Summary of the invention

[0006] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a metallurgical archaeological analysis method, so that the relationship between slag and iron products is one-to-one, and the ancient iron smelting process is accurately inferred and analyzed using existing metallurgical principles. Through the study of ancient metallurgical relics and related theoretical calculations, the ancient iron smelting technology is upgraded from "proving its existence" to "characterizing its process."

[0007] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides a metallurgical archaeological analysis method, which includes performing physical and chemical tests on ancient metallurgical samples, analyzing the components of slag, metal and reactor fragments, drawing a ternary phase diagram of the ancient metallurgical slag sample composition based on metallurgical principles, calculating the slag soft melting temperature, comparing and calculating the sulfur content in the slag with the sulfur content in metal cultural relics, obtaining the equilibrium distribution coefficient of sulfur in slag-gold, establishing the relationship between the carbon content in the metal and the smelting temperature through the JFElliot empirical formula, and solving the above constraints jointly to obtain the slag-gold adaptation relationship, thereby determining the smelting parameters and inferring the ancient iron smelting process.

[0008] Preferably, the method comprises the following steps:

[0009] S1. Preparation and composition analysis of slag samples, reactor fragments and metal samples to determine the remelting temperature of the slag samples;

[0010] S2. Establish the corresponding relationship between elements in slag and gold, and calculate the smelting temperature of slag samples;

[0011] S3. Inference of slag sample smelting process.

[0012] Preferably, the remelting temperature of the slag sample in step S1 is determined by combining the results of the structural composition analysis of the slag sample with the structural morphology characteristic diagram of the slag sample to determine the main components of the slag sample and draw a ternary phase diagram.

[0013] Preferably, in step S2, the slag-iron correspondence measures the desulfurization effect during smelting according to the equilibrium distribution coefficient of sulfur in the sample in slag-gold, and the slag-gold correspondence is established between the carbon content in the sample and the smelting temperature with the help of the JF Elliot empirical formula.

[0014] Preferably, in step S2, the slag-metal correspondence is subject to the following three constraints:

[0015] S2-1, the carbon content calculated by JFElliot's empirical formula is greater than 0;

[0016] S2-2, the temperature obtained in the calculation result of JFElliot empirical formula is greater than or equal to the corresponding slag sample remelting temperature;

[0017] S2-3. The temperature obtained in the calculation results of JFElliot's empirical formula is lower than the refractoriness of the refractory material of the reactor sample prepared from this sample.

[0018] Preferably, the refractoriness of the reactor is determined by a phase diagram drawn from a compositional analysis of a reactor sample.

[0019] Preferably, in step S3, the smelting process of the slag sample includes blast pressure data of the slag sample during the smelting process.

[0020] Preferably, in step S3, the blast pressure inference process includes: calculating the blast pressure according to the blast wind speed through the wind pressure calculation formula, substituting the blast pressure into the sample smelting temperature under the slag-iron correspondence for calculation; when the calculated sample smelting temperature meets the slag sample soft melting temperature range and is less than the refractoriness of the reactor sample refractory material, the sample is subjected to a blast operation and the blast pressure data is obtained.

[0021] In step S1, the slag structure of the sample is characterized by an electron microscope to obtain a structure morphology characteristic diagram, and the composition of the sample is confirmed by an X-ray fluorescence analyzer.

[0022] Therefore, the present invention adopts the above-mentioned metallurgical archaeological analysis method, and its beneficial effects are:

[0023] The relationship between the ancient slag samples and the ancient iron products was made one-to-one correspondence. With the help of modern testing methods, the composition of the slag, iron tools, reactors and other cultural relics of ancient iron smelting relics was analyzed. Through the analysis of the slag phase diagram, as well as the quantitative analysis and calculation of the sulfur element slag-gold distribution ratio, the corresponding relationship between carbon content and temperature, the existing metallurgical principles were used to accurately infer and analyze the iron smelting process, and the matching relationship between ancient iron products and slag was obtained. Through the study of ancient metallurgical relics and related theoretical calculations, the ancient iron smelting technology was upgraded from "proving its existence" to "characterizing its process", providing a new method for the restoration of ancient iron smelting technology and iron smelting archaeological research.

[0024] The technical solution of the present invention is further described in detail below through the accompanying drawings and embodiments. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0025] Figure 1 The lump slag is the lump slag of the first embodiment of the present invention;

[0026] Figure 2 The crucible fragment of the second embodiment of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 3 A complete crucible in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 4 The iron farm tool in the first embodiment, a is a shovel, b is a sickle, c is a hoe, and d is a shovel;

[0029] Figure 5 The results of SEM analysis of the slag in Example 1 are as follows;

[0030] Figure 6 is the slag softening temperature range in Example 1;

[0031] Figure 7 The electron microscope analysis results of the crucible fragments in Example 2;

[0032] Figure 8 The refractoriness analysis of the crucible fragments in Example 2;

[0033] Fig. 9 This is a graph showing the relationship between the carbon content and the smelting temperature in the agricultural tool T1 of Example 4;

[0034] Fig.10 This is a graph showing the relationship between the carbon content and the smelting temperature in the agricultural tool T13 of Example 4. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0035] The technical solution of the present invention is further described below through the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0036] Unless otherwise defined, technical or scientific terms used in the present invention shall have the common meanings understood by one having ordinary skills in the field to which the present invention belongs.

[0037] In addition, it should be understood that although this specification is described according to the implementation modes, not every implementation mode includes only one independent technical solution. This description of the specification is only for the sake of clarity. Those skilled in the art should regard the specification as a whole. The technical solutions in each embodiment can also be appropriately combined to form other implementation modes that can be understood by those skilled in the art. These other implementation modes are also covered within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0038] The slag and crucible fragment samples were collected from the Wangguan Iron Smelting Site of the Ming Dynasty in Benxi, and the iron samples came from the iron farm tools unearthed from the site and now in the Benxi Museum, including shovels, hoes, sickles, and guillotines. The original slag, crucible fragments, complete crucibles in the museum, and iron farm tools such as Figure 1 to Figure 4 The present invention is further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific implementations.

[0039] Embodiment 1

[0040] This embodiment discloses a metallurgical archaeological analysis method, comprising the following steps:

[0041] After cleaning and decontamination, the slag samples were cut into 1 cm to 3 cm diameter samples for cold mounting; after grinding and polishing, the microstructure was observed and photographed using a Zeiss (EVO18) electron microscope, and the organizational composition was analyzed using an Oxford X-Max20 energy spectrometer. Figure 1 The lump slag shown is divided into slag sample W1, slag sample W2, slag sample W3, slag sample W4 and slag sample W5, and the composition detection is completed using Bruker XRF (D8 ADVANCE).

[0042] The original block slag samples collected at the site were measured. The slag sample morphology was roughly "bowl-shaped", and the appearance shape corresponded to the crucible fragments. The slag sample density was 1.6389g / cm 3 Table 1 shows the complete analysis results of the components of slag samples W1 to W5.

[0043] Table 1 Analysis results of the slag samples

[0044]

[0045] From the results of slag XRF analysis, it can be seen that the main components of the slag sample are SiO2, Al2O3, and Fe2O3. According to the judgment standard given by iron smelting slag, the CuO content in the five groups of slag samples is between 0.0136% and 0.119%, which is far lower than the standard value of CuO in non-ferrous smelting slag of 0.5%. The Pb and Zn contents are both lower than 0.1%, and it does not contain non-ferrous metal elements such as Ag, which meets the judgment standard of ancient iron smelting slag. Based on this, it can be judged that the five groups of slag samples are ancient iron smelting slag. The SiO2 content in the slag sample is between 23.9% and 56.9%, the Al2O3 content is between 19.2% and 25.9%, the CaO content is between 0.642% and 2.08%, and the basicity of the slag is between 0.0159 and 0.3048. The slag sample is obviously high-silicon slag, so it can be judged that no flux such as lime was added during the smelting process.

[0046] Through scanning electron microscopy and energy spectrum analysis of the slag matrix structure, such as Figure 5 As shown, it is determined that the matrix structure is mainly composed of fayalite, with some spinel and a small amount of glassy silicate.

[0047] The sum of Fe2O3, Al2O3 and SiO2 in the five groups of slag samples is close to 94%. Therefore, the FeO-Al2O3-SiO2 ternary phase diagram can be used to determine the soft melting temperature of the slag. Figure 6 As shown, the compositions of the five groups of slag samples W1~W5 correspond to the △ areas in the figure respectively, from which the soft melting temperature range of the slag can be determined as shown in Table 2.

[0048] Table 2 Soft melting temperature range of five groups of slag samples after conversion

[0049] FeO(%) <![CDATA[SiO2(%)]]> <![CDATA[Al2O3(%)]]> Soft melting temperature range (℃) W1 30.6 39.3 19.2 1250～1500 W2 47.07 23.9 19.2 1310～1480 W3 76.41 5.38 3.24 1163～1530 W4 12.87 53.1 25.9 1500～1650 W5 9.99 56.9 25.6 1530～1670

[0050] Embodiment 2

[0051] The metal samples are iron farm tools from the Ming Dynasty. XRF nondestructive testing was performed on the iron farm tools from the Ming Dynasty unearthed in the Wangguan area of ​​the Benxi Museum, and the relevant components are shown in Table 3. Metal samples T1-T2 are Ming Dynasty shovels, metal samples T3-T6 are Ming Dynasty hoes (T3-T4 are hoe blades, T5-T6 are hoe hoops), metal samples T7-T9 are Ming Dynasty sickles (T7-T8 are sickle hoops, T9 is sickle blades), and metal samples T10-T13 are Ming Dynasty guillotines (T10, T11, T13 are guillotine backs, and T12 is guillotine blades). It should be noted that: because the rust-free parts of the farm tools need to be tested in the test, there are some differences in the chemical composition of different test points of the same farm tool. In addition, handheld XRF cannot measure the carbon content in the farm tools.

[0052] Table 3 XRF analysis results of the composition of iron farm tools in Wangguan Ming Dynasty

[0053]

[0054] Embodiment 3

[0055] The reactor samples are crucible fragments. The collected crucible fragments were measured and found to be all arc-shaped (crucible wall) or disc-shaped (crucible bottom), with a maximum bottom diameter of 15 cm and a crucible wall thickness of about 2 cm. Figure 4 The crucible fragment sample shown is Figure 5 The complete crucible in Benxi Museum can be compared to confirm that the shape of the fragments is consistent with that of the complete crucible. Through actual measurement of the complete Ming Dynasty crucible, it is determined that the crucible is a spindle-shaped container with a height of 30 cm, a bottom diameter of 15 cm, and a maximum belly diameter of 17 cm. The crucible volume is calculated to be about 5300 cm3. Take two groups of crucible fragment samples G1 and G2, crush them with a jaw crusher, mix them and take samples. The XRF component analysis results are shown in Table 4.

[0056] Table 4 Crucible composition analysis

[0057]

[0058] As can be seen from Table 4, the main components of the crucible are SiO2, Al2O3 and Fe2O3, of which SiO2 and Al2O3 account for more than 81%, which are as follows Figure 7 Scanning electron microscope analysis of the crucible fragments shown above shows that the crucible matrix is ​​mainly SiO2 and Al2O3. The Fe2O3 present in the full analysis is probably formed by the slag bonding to the crucible during the smelting process, and is not the original refractory matrix structure.

[0059] The Al2O3 and SiO2 contents in the crucible are converted and drawn into the Al2O3-SiO2 binary phase diagram, as shown in Figure 8In addition, according to the classification of refractory materials, the crucible belongs to semi-silica, semi-acidic aluminum silicate refractory materials. Through the analysis of the mineral phase microscope, its mineral phase is mainly quartz variant, mullite (3Al2O3·2SiO2) and part of glass. Figure 8 Analysis of the crucible Al2O3 / SiO2 is between 0.35 and 0.74, and the refractoriness of the crucible can be determined to be between 1710℃ and 1800℃.

[0060] According to modern refractory theories, aluminum silicate refractory should not be used in a reducing atmosphere. The lower the Al2O3 / SiO2 ratio, the weaker the ability to resist iron oxide corrosion. Therefore, when the Al2O3 / SiO2 ratio is low, the iron oxide content in the refractory should be as low as possible to ensure the integrity of the crucible. As can be seen from Table 2, the smelting crucibles in the Wangguan area of ​​Benxi have a low Al2O3 / SiO2 ratio and contain a large amount of iron oxide. It is inferred that the crucible smelting furnace should be short, so the complete crucible exhibited in the Benxi Museum is very rare.

[0061] Embodiment 4

[0062] The present invention provides a metallurgical archaeological analysis method, comprising the following steps:

[0063] The relationship between slag samples, metal samples and crucible reactor samples for smelting is studied by using relevant principles of modern metallurgy, wherein the slag samples adopt slag samples W1 to W5 in Example 1, the metal samples adopt T1 to T13 in Example 2, and the crucible samples adopt G1 to G2 in Example 3.

[0064] The distribution coefficient Ls of elemental sulfur in the iron smelting process is related to the operating parameters. 2(g) = [S], and define the slag sulfur absorption index C s =(S)(P O2 / P S2 ) 0.5 , the equilibrium distribution coefficient expression of sulfur is derived:

[0065]

[0066] Based on the distribution reaction of sulfur in the slag-metal phase, from the perspective of equilibrium, the precise and quantitative calculation expression of the sulfur distribution coefficient Ls can be further derived:

[0067]

[0068] Where: R is the binary basicity of slag, T is the smelting temperature, P b is the blast pressure, i=S,C,Mn,P,V,Al,Mg,Ti,Si…. The interaction coefficient is The results are shown in Table 5.

[0070] i=S,C,Mn,P,V,Al,Mg,Ti,Si…

[0071] Table 5 Interaction coefficients of elements in iron on sulfur

[0072]

[0073] The sulfur content of the slag sample W1~W5 in the sample and the sulfur content of the iron sample T1~T13 in the metal sample iron farm tool need to be combined accordingly to obtain 65 groups of slag-metal distribution ratios L S The data and results are shown in Table 6.

[0074] Table 6 L corresponding to slag sample and iron sample S

[0075]

[0076] From Table 6, the sulfur content in tools T1 and T2 is relatively low. From the analysis of the three factors affecting ironmaking desulfurization, namely high temperature, high basicity and reducing atmosphere, it can be seen that although no flux was used in the smelting process, the high smelting temperature or the relatively strong reducing atmosphere in the smelting process may have caused L S The desulfurization efficiency is relatively high. In the modern blast furnace ironmaking process, it is easier to obtain high temperature, high basicity and reducing atmosphere control. S =30~50, the sulfur content in pig iron can be controlled below 0.07%. The sulfur content in the farm tool shovel is lower than that in modern blast furnace pig iron. It can be inferred that other off-furnace processes (such as forging, etc.) should be used for special treatment during the production of the farm tool, so that it can be made into a thinner shovel with a certain strength. Completely different from the iron samples T1 and T2, the sulfur content of the iron samples T3 to T6 is between 1.05% and 1.72%, L S = between 0.02 and 0.5678. Due to the high sulfur content, it is made into a heavier hoe.

[0077] Since the handheld XRF ore element analyzer cannot measure the carbon content in iron farm tools, there are two unknowns in (Equation 2), namely temperature and carbon content. It is necessary to use other relationship equations between temperature and carbon content to accurately calculate its carbon content. After the molten iron dissolves other elements to form a multi-element alloy, the saturated carbon content is affected by the content of the dissolved elements. According to the JFElliot empirical formula:

[0078] [%C] = 1.34 + 2.54 × 10 -3 t-0.35[P]+0.17[Ti]-0.54[S]+0.04[Mn]-0.30[Si] (Formula 3)

[0079] The temperature and carbon content can be solved by combining (Equation 2) and (Equation 3). The solution process is as follows: Figure 9-10 As shown, the horizontal and vertical coordinates corresponding to the intersection of the straight line T(C) and the curves T1-W1~T1-W5 are the smelting temperature and the carbon content of the agricultural tool under the slag composition corresponding to the smelting of the agricultural tool. From this, 65 sets of corresponding relationships can be obtained as shown in Table 7.

[0080] Table 7 Relationship between smelting temperature and carbon content of agricultural tools and slag obtained from (Equation 2) and (Equation 3)

[0081]

[0082]

[0083] The calculation of the correspondence between farm tools and slag by (Formula 2) and (Formula 3) is mainly subject to three constraints, namely: ① the carbon content in the result must be greater than 0; ② the temperature of the result must be greater than or equal to the corresponding slag softening temperature; ③ the temperature in the result cannot be greater than the refractoriness of the crucible. It can be seen from Table 8 that in the 65 groups of correspondence, the correspondence of [%C]≤0 is obviously unreasonable, that is, the slag-gold composition cannot form a correspondence. In addition, its correspondence is also constrained by the conditions of Table 3, that is, the temperature range is not within the softening temperature range of Table 3 and the slag-gold correspondence cannot be formed. Finally, the smelting temperature is greater than Figure 8 The obtained crucible refractoriness group also cannot form a slag-metal correspondence.

[0084] From the above analysis, after deleting the unfit items, a total of 14 groups of corresponding relationships are obtained: T1-W2, T1-W3, T2-W2, T2-W3, T5-W1, T5-W5, T6-W1, T6-W2, T6-W4, T6-W5, T9-W1, T10-W1, T11-W1, T13-W1, that is, the above slag-metal correspondence is compatible with the smelting conditions, and the slag of this composition can be regarded as the slag produced by smelting the corresponding iron for agricultural tools.

[0085] An important phenomenon was also discovered during the study: when adapting the same agricultural tool, the corresponding results were very different due to different test points. For example, agricultural tools T3, T4, T7, T8, and T12 were all blades of agricultural tools, and the sulfur content in the above five groups of agricultural tools was lower than the sulfur content in other parts of the agricultural tools. That is, the composition of all corresponding blades of agricultural tools could not be adapted to the existing slag composition. It is speculated that after obtaining the liquid iron, the blade was forged and other related treatments were performed during the manufacturing process of the agricultural tools, which caused some chemical composition of the blade to change.

[0086] Embodiment 5

[0087] The production methods of iron smelting in ancient my country can be roughly divided into two categories: one is to use charcoal or coarsely burned wood blocks as fuel and reducing agent and add them to the furnace separately with iron ore without adding flux. Its furnace type is similar to the modern blast furnace, with a slag iron outlet and a tuyere, and the blast is powered by a bellows or water wheel. The other is the Shanxi style, which uses anthracite as a reducing agent and mixes it with iron ore, and puts it into a clay pot. Dozens of pots are put into a rectangular furnace, heated with coal, and the iron ore is reduced and melted in the pot. Each pot has a piece of iron, which can be cast into agricultural tools such as plowshares. From the crucible fragments collected in this study and the complete Ming Dynasty crucible type exhibited in Benxi Museum, it can be seen that the smelting method of Wangguan Iron Smelting Site obviously belongs to the latter. As for whether blasting and other strengthening methods were used in the smelting of Wangguan Site, since no physical remains and related records have been found in Benxi area, it can be inferred by hypothesis. From (Formula 2), it can be seen that as the blast pressure increases, the smelting temperature increases. According to the wind pressure calculation formula:

[0088]

[0089] Where: P is wind pressure, atm; P0 is sea level atmospheric pressure; V is wind speed, m / s; g is gravitational acceleration, m / s 2

[0090] Substituting the wind speed into (Formula 4) can obtain the wind pressure, and substituting the wind pressure data into (Formula 2) can obtain the smelting temperatures under the 14 groups of corresponding slag-metal relationships obtained in Example 4, as shown in Table 8.

[0091] Table 8 Smelting temperature calculated at different wind speeds

[0092]

[0093] As shown in Table 9, when the blast pressure is increased by 1 time, that is, the wind speed is increased from 3.132m / s to 4.429m / s, the smelting temperature can be increased by 56℃~78℃, which can meet the soft melting temperature range of Wangguan slag sample and is lower than the refractory temperature of crucible material. Therefore, it can be inferred that the blast operation may have been used in the iron smelting process of Benxi in the Ming Dynasty.

[0094] Therefore, the present invention discloses a metallurgical archaeological method to make a one-to-one correspondence between ancient slag samples and ancient iron products, and uses existing metallurgical principles to accurately infer and analyze the iron smelting process. Through the study of ancient metallurgical relics and related theoretical calculations, the ancient iron smelting technology is upgraded from "proving its existence" to "characterizing its process."

[0095] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention rather than to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that they can still modify or replace the technical solution of the present invention with equivalents, and these modifications or equivalent replacements cannot cause the modified technical solution to deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solution of the present invention.

Claims

1. A metallurgical archaeological analysis method, characterized in that: Through physical and chemical examination of ancient metallurgical samples, the composition of slag, metal and reactor fragments was analyzed. Based on metallurgical principles, a ternary phase diagram of the composition of ancient metallurgical samples was drawn, the soft dissolution temperature of slag was calculated, and the sulfur content in the slag was compared with the sulfur content in metal artifacts to obtain the equilibrium distribution coefficient of sulfur in slag-gold. The relationship between the carbon content in the metal and the smelting temperature was established through the JFElliot empirical formula. The above constraints were solved simultaneously to obtain the slag-gold adaptation relationship, thereby determining the smelting parameters and inferring the ancient iron smelting process.

2. A metallurgical archaeological analysis method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S1. Preparation and composition analysis of slag samples, reactor fragments and metal samples to determine the softening temperature of slag samples; S2. Establish the corresponding relationship between elements in slag and gold, and calculate the smelting temperature of slag samples; S3. Inference of smelting process of slag samples and metal samples.

3. A metallurgical archaeological analysis method according to claim 2, characterized in that: In step S1, the remelting temperature of the slag sample is determined by analyzing the results of the slag sample's organizational composition and the organizational morphology of the slag sample, determining the main components of the slag sample, and drawing a ternary phase diagram.

4. A metallurgical archaeological analysis method according to claim 2, characterized in that: In step S2, the slag-iron correspondence measures the desulfurization effect during smelting according to the equilibrium distribution coefficient of sulfur in the sample in slag-gold, and the slag-gold correspondence is established between the carbon content in the sample and the smelting temperature with the help of JF Elliot's empirical formula.

5. A metallurgical archaeological analysis method according to claim 4, characterized in that: In step S2, the slag-metal correspondence is subject to the following three constraints: S2-1, the carbon content calculated by JFElliot's empirical formula is greater than 0; S2-2. The temperature obtained from the calculation results of JFElliot's empirical formula is greater than or equal to the remelting temperature of the corresponding slag sample; S2-3, the temperature obtained from the calculation results of JFElliot's empirical formula is lower than the refractoriness of the reactor refractory material prepared for this sample.

6. A metallurgical archaeological analysis method according to claim 5, characterized in that: The refractoriness of the reactor is determined by drawing a phase diagram based on the composition analysis of the reactor sample.

7. A metallurgical archaeological analysis method according to claim 2, characterized in that: In step S3, the smelting process of the slag and metal samples includes the blast pressure data of the slag and metal samples during the smelting process.

8. A metallurgical archaeological analysis method according to claim 7, characterized in that: In step S3, the blast pressure inference process includes: calculating the blast pressure according to the blast wind speed through the wind pressure calculation formula, substituting the blast pressure into the slag-iron correspondence, and calculating the sample smelting temperature. When the calculated sample smelting temperature meets the slag sample soft dissolution temperature range and is less than the refractoriness of the reactor sample refractory material, the sample is subjected to a blast operation and the blast pressure data is obtained.

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