Efficient sparassis crispa bottle cultivation method

Abstract

The invention discloses an efficient sparassis crispa bottle cultivation method, and belongs to the technical field of edible fungus cultivation. The bottle cultivation method comprises the steps of cultivation raw material preparation, compost preparation, fruiting bottle production, inoculation, fungus bottle culture, primordium induction and sporocarp culture. Specific fermentation raw materials are adopted to replace or partially replace pine sawdust to serve as cultivation main materials, humic acid, citrulline and arabinogalactan serve as additives, and efficient production of sparassis crispa is achieved in a bottle cultivation mode. According to the cultivation method, the primordium is easy to form, the consistency is good, the operation is simple, the biological conversion rate can reach 65-70%, and the growth and development period is 75-90 days.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of edible fungus cultivation, and particularly relates to a high-efficiency bottle cultivation method for hydrangea. Background Art

[0002] Hydrangea Sparassis latifolia ) has high nutritional and medicinal value. In recent years, many regions in China have realized factory-based bag cultivation. Factory-based bag cultivation mainly includes the preparation and bagging of culture media, sterilization, inoculation, mycelium culture, primordium induction, primordium differentiation, bag opening, flower ball management and harvesting. The entire cultivation cycle ranges from 90 to 110 days, and an air chamber of a certain height must be reserved between the collar and the material surface to induce primordium formation and differentiation. Primordium induction formation is an important part of hydrangea bag cultivation. Primordium formation and normal differentiation are crucial to shortening the growth and development cycle, increasing yield and development synchronization. The bag cultivation process utilizes the characteristics of hydrangea hyphae that are easy to climb the wall of the cultivation bag and gather to form primordia. The neck of the cultivation bag is artificially contracted to induce primordium aggregation and development. The artificial contraction process of the neck of the cultivation bag is often inconsistent, cumbersome and costly due to manual operation. Even if the bag mouth is not artificially shrunk during the cultivation process, since the cultivation bag is soft and difficult to shape, it is difficult to form a relatively consistent appearance structure after pulling up the upper empty bag for inoculation, which also affects the consistency of primordium formation.

[0003] At present, the main material for the cultivation of hydrangea in China is pine sawdust. With the continuous expansion of the scale of factory production and the influence of pine wood nematode disease, the supply contradiction of cultivation raw materials has become increasingly prominent. Fresh pine sawdust for hydrangea cultivation can be used in time, but enterprises often need to stockpile a large amount of pine sawdust to ensure stable production. Due to the small particles and moisture of pine sawdust, it is easy to breed bacteria and become sour after long-term storage. The generated bacteria and secondary metabolites have a great impact on the growth, primordium development and consistency of mycelium. At the same time, pine sawdust has poor water retention, and the growth cycle of hydrangea mycelium is relatively long. The water content at the bottom of the cultivation material in the fungus bag\bottle often gradually increases. Since the cultivation substrate contains more starch substances, excessive water content at the bottom of the fungus bag\bottle can easily cause starch aging and agglomeration, affecting the consistency of the physical and chemical properties of the cultivation substrate and the growth of mycelium. The above-mentioned problems can be solved by natural fermentation of sawdust stacking. After stacking and fermentation, the fir sawdust and bagasse can become softer and have higher water holding capacity. The physical and chemical properties of the produced mushroom bags and bottles are more uniform, thereby improving the consistency of hydrangea mycelium growth, primordium formation and fruiting body maturity.

[0004] Therefore, the existing bag cultivation process has the disadvantages of poor consistency, high labor cost, and single source of main cultivation materials. The edible fungus bottle cultivation mode has the advantages of high automation and good consistency, but the existing pine sawdust main material formula is slow to form primordia and low consistency after being converted to bottle cultivation. At present, there is no successful factory-based bottle cultivation mode in China. Only Chinese patent CN117480992B discloses a new factory-based cultivation process for hydrangea mushrooms, which obtains primordia that can be used for transplanting and fruiting through cultivation in advance, and then transplants the primordia into the fruiting bottle / bag with mycelium culture. In factory-based production, a large number of primordia need to be prepared in advance, and the transplanting process is cumbersome to operate, so there are certain limitations to large-scale production. Summary of the invention

[0005] In view of the shortcomings of the existing hydrangea bag cultivation model, the present invention provides a high-efficiency bottle cultivation method for hydrangea, which utilizes fermentation material to replace or partially replace pine sawdust. Compared with the main material formula of all pine sawdust, the present invention is a hydrangea bottle cultivation model with high primordium formation rate, simple process, significantly shortened cultivation cycle and low labor cost, which can promote the efficient and stable development of the hydrangea industry.

[0006] In order to achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solution: A high-efficiency bottle cultivation method for hydrangea, comprising the following steps: 1. Preparation of cultivation raw materials: Crush the fir sawdust into pieces with a length of 0.1-0.5 cm, pre-wet them, and pile them up for natural fermentation for 3-6 months to allow the sawdust to fully decompose, soften, and turn dark brown to black in color. During this period, turn the pile over 3-6 times and ferment evenly for later use.

[0007] Crush the bagasse into pieces with a length of 0.2~1 cm, pre-wet it, and pile it up for natural fermentation for 1~3 months. During this period, turn the pile over 1~3 times and set it aside after it is evenly fermented.

[0008] Pine sawdust is made of natural pine sawdust that is mildew-free and additive-free.

[0009] After stacking and fermentation, the fir sawdust and sugarcane bagasse will become softer, have improved water retention, and have high consistency in physical and chemical properties. The physical and chemical properties of the produced mushroom bags and bottles will be more uniform, thereby improving the consistency of hydrangea mycelium growth, primordium formation and fruiting body maturity.

[0010] 2. Preparation of culture medium and production of mushroom bottles: The culture medium includes the following components according to dry weight percentage: 62-75% of main cultivation material, 25-35% of auxiliary cultivation material, and 1-3% of nutritional additives. The main cultivation material is a mixture of 2-3 of fermented fir sawdust, fermented sugarcane bagasse, and pine sawdust, the auxiliary cultivation material is wheat flour or corn flour, and the nutritional additive is a mixture of humic acid, citrulline, and arabinogalactan in a mass ratio of 0.3-0.5:0.5-1:1-2.

[0011] Add water to the culture medium and mix it evenly. Control the moisture content of the culture medium at 63-68%. Bottle it with the height of the material surface controlled at 3-8 cm from the bottle mouth. The diameter of the bottle mouth is 6-9 cm. Reserve an inoculation hole in the middle. Clean off the residual culture medium on the wall from the bottle shoulder to the bottle mouth, cover the bottle cap, sterilize under high pressure, and set aside after cooling.

[0012] 3. Inoculation: Inoculate the solid or liquid bacteria into the inoculation hole and material surface of the cultivation bottle under sterile conditions.

[0013] 4. Culture in fungus bottles: Place the inoculated culture bottles in a culture room at 23-25°C and culture them in a dark room for 20-30 days. At this time, the hyphae of the hydrangea fungus begin to gather on the wall of the culture bottle.

[0014] 5. Primordial induction: Adjust the temperature of the culture room to 21-23°C and culture under light for 25-30 days, with the light duration being 8-10 hours per day. At this time, the primordium continues to expand, fills the bottle mouth, and differentiates into a large number of petals.

[0015] 6. Fruiting body cultivation: Remove the bottle cap and put a plastic mushroom bag or plastic bag on the mouth of the cultivation bottle. To prevent the fruiting body from growing secretly, the mushroom bag does not contain air holes. The temperature of the cultivation room is controlled at 19~21℃, the light duration is 10~12 hours per day, and the cultivation is 25~30 days. The fruiting body leaves can be harvested after they are fully expanded.

[0016] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following characteristics: The invention provides a high-efficiency bottle cultivation method for hydrangea mushrooms, which changes the existing bag cultivation production process in which a large empty bag portion needs to be reserved on the upper part of the material surface for making mushroom bags, and the empty bag needs to be pulled up during inoculation, resulting in the problem that the empty bag shape of mycelium growing and climbing the wall is inconsistent and the primordium is not formed neatly. At the same time, there is no need for the operation step of shrinking the mouth, and the combination of mushroom bag sheets or plastic bags without air permeability holes can induce the fruiting body to grow and develop upward.

[0017] The invention provides a high-efficiency bottle cultivation method for hydrangea, wherein fermented fir sawdust and bagasse are used to replace or partially replace pine sawdust, and the addition of fermentation raw materials shortens the time for primordium formation. When the mycelium grows to about 20% of the bottle in 25 to 30 days, obvious mycelium climbing the wall and twisting can be seen. At the same time, nutrient additives are added to the culture medium to improve the consistency of primordium formation, the growth and development cycle is 75 to 90 days, and the bioconversion rate can reach 70%. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0018] Figure 1 This is the primordium formed by the hyphae climbing the wall after the cultivation period of Hydrangea is over.

[0019] Figure 2 It is the primordium for induction of post-maturation differentiation.

[0020] Figure 3 These are the mature fruiting bodies of bottle-grown hydrangea. DETAILED DESCRIPTION Example 1

[0021] A high-efficiency bottle cultivation method for hydrangea, comprising the following steps: 1. Preparation of cultivation raw materials: Crush the fir sawdust into pieces with a length of 0.1-0.5 cm, build a pile and ferment it naturally for 4 months, and the color will turn into dark brown; the pine sawdust is natural pine sawdust without mildew or additives.

[0022] 2. Preparation of culture medium and production of mushroom bottles: The culture medium includes the following components according to dry weight percentage: 68% main culture material, 30% auxiliary culture material, and 2% nutritional additives. The main culture material is a mixture of 60% fermented fir sawdust and 40% pine sawdust, the auxiliary culture material is wheat flour, and the nutritional additive is a mixture of humic acid, citrulline, and arabinogalactan in a mass ratio of 0.5:0.5:1. Add water to the culture medium and mix it evenly, and control the water content of the culture medium at about 65%. The capacity of the cultivation bottle is 1200 mL, and the material is filled to the bottle shoulder. The height of the material surface from the bottle mouth is 4.5 cm, and the diameter of the bottle mouth is 7 cm. An inoculation hole is reserved in the middle. Clean the residual culture medium on the wall of the bottle mouth from the material surface to the bottle mouth to prevent the primordium from germinating on the scattered culture medium, resulting in uneven development of the primordium. Cover the breathable bottle cap, autoclave at 126℃ for 2 hours, and cool it for use.

[0023] 3. Inoculation: Inoculate the liquid bacteria into the inoculation hole and material surface of the cultivation bottle under sterile conditions.

[0024] 4. Culture in fungus bottles: Place the inoculated culture bottles in a culture room at 24°C and culture them in a dark environment for 30 days. At this time, the hyphae of the hydrangea mushrooms will significantly aggregate on the wall of the culture bottle and form primordia.

[0025] 5. Primordium induction: Adjust the temperature of the culture room to 22℃, culture under light for 28 days, with a light duration of 10 hours per day and a light intensity of 500 lx. At this time, the primordium swells to almost fill the bottle mouth and differentiates into a large number of petals.

[0026] 6. Fruiting body cultivation: Remove the bottle cap, put a plastic bag on the mouth of the cultivation bottle, and fix the bottom of the bag with tape. The temperature in the cultivation room is controlled at 21℃, and the light duration is 10 hours per day. After 24 to 28 days of cultivation, the fruiting bodies are mature and can be harvested.

[0027] In this Example 1, the process from inoculation to harvesting can be completed within 86 days, and the average biological efficiency is 70%. Example 2

[0028] A high-efficiency bottle cultivation method for hydrangea, comprising the following steps: 1. Preparation of raw materials for cultivation: Crush fir sawdust into 0.1-0.5 cm in length, build a pile and ferment it naturally for 6 months until the color turns black; crush sugarcane bagasse into 0.2-1 cm in length, build a pile and ferment it naturally for 2 months. Pine sawdust is natural pine sawdust without mildew or additives.

[0029] 2. Preparation of culture medium and production of mushroom bottles: The culture medium includes the following components according to dry weight percentage: 73% main culture material, 25% auxiliary culture material, and 2% nutritional additives. The main culture material is a mixture of 50% fermented fir sawdust, 30% bagasse, and 20% pine sawdust, the auxiliary culture material is 25% wheat flour, and the nutritional additive is a mixture of humic acid, citrulline, and arabinogalactan in a mass ratio of 0.5:0.5:2. Add water to the culture medium and mix it evenly, and control the water content of the culture medium at about 65%. The capacity of the cultivation bottle is 1200 mL, and the material is filled to the bottle shoulder. The height of the material surface from the bottle mouth is 3.5 cm, and the diameter of the bottle mouth is 7 cm. Reserve an inoculation hole in the middle, clean up the residual culture material on the bottle shoulder to the bottle mouth wall, cover with a breathable bottle cap, and sterilize at 126℃ for 2 hours, and cool it for use.

[0030] 3. Inoculation: Inoculate the solid bacteria into the inoculation hole and material surface of the re-preparation bottle under sterile conditions.

[0031] 4. Bottle culture: Place the inoculated bottle in a culture room at 24°C and culture it in darkness for 20 days at a constant temperature. The CO2 concentration is controlled within 0.25% and the relative humidity is kept natural. At this time, the mycelium of the hydrangea mushrooms gathers significantly on the wall of the bottle and forms primordia.

[0032] 5. Primordium induction: Adjust the temperature of the culture room to 23℃, culture under light for 25 days, with a light duration of 10 hours per day and a light intensity of 500 lx. At this time, the primordium swells to almost fill the bottle mouth and differentiates into a large number of petals.

[0033] 6. Fruiting body cultivation: Remove the bottle cap, put a plastic bag on the mouth of the cultivation bottle, and fix the bottom of the bag with tape. The temperature in the cultivation room is controlled at 21℃, and the light duration is 10 hours per day. After 25 to 30 days of cultivation, the fruiting bodies are mature and can be harvested.

[0034] In this Example 2, the process from inoculation to harvesting can be completed within 75 days, and the average biological efficiency is 65%. Example 3

[0035] A high-efficiency bottle cultivation method for hydrangea, comprising the following steps: 1. Preparation of cultivation raw materials: Crush fir sawdust into a length of 0.1-0.5 cm, build a pile and ferment naturally for 4 months, the color turns into dark brown; crush sugarcane bagasse into a length of 0.2~1 cm, build a pile and ferment naturally for 2 months.

[0036] 2. Preparation of culture medium and production of mushroom bottles: The culture medium includes the following components according to dry weight percentage: 73% main culture material, 25% auxiliary culture material, and 2% nutritional additives. The main culture material is a mixture of 60% fermented fir sawdust and 40% bagasse, the auxiliary culture material is wheat flour, and the nutritional additive is a mixture of humic acid, citrulline, and arabinogalactan in a mass ratio of 0.5:0.5:2. Add water to the culture medium and mix it evenly, and control the water content of the culture medium at about 65%. The capacity of the cultivation bottle is 1200 mL, and the material is filled to the bottle shoulder. The height of the material surface from the bottle mouth is 4.5 cm, and the diameter of the bottle mouth is 7 cm. An inoculation hole is reserved in the middle. Clean the residual culture material on the bottle shoulder to the bottle mouth wall, cover with a breathable bottle cap, and sterilize at 126℃ for 2 hours. Cool and set aside.

[0037] 3. Inoculation: Inoculate the solid bacteria into the inoculation hole of the cultivation bottle and the surface of the material under sterile conditions.

[0038] 4. Bottle culture: Place the inoculated bottle in a culture room at 24°C and culture it in darkness for 30 days at a constant temperature. The CO2 concentration is controlled within 0.25% and the relative humidity is kept natural. At this time, the hyphae of the hydrangea mushrooms gather significantly on the wall of the bottle and form primordia.

[0039] 5. Primordium induction: Adjust the temperature of the culture room to 23℃ and culture under light for 30 days with a light duration of 10 h per day and a light intensity of 500 lx. At this time, the primordium swells to almost fill the bottle mouth and differentiates into a large number of petals.

[0040] 6. Fruiting body cultivation: Remove the bottle cap, put a plastic bag on the mouth of the cultivation bottle, and fix the bottom of the bag with tape. The temperature in the cultivation room is controlled at 21℃, and the light duration is 10 hours per day. After 25 to 30 days of cultivation, the fruiting bodies are mature and can be harvested.

[0041] In this Example 3, the process from inoculation to harvesting can be completed within 90 days, and the average biological efficiency is 67%.

Claims

1. A method for efficiently growing hydrangea in a bottle, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: 1) Preparation of culture medium and production of mushroom bottles: The culture medium comprises the following components according to dry weight percentage: 62-75% of main cultivation materials, 25-35% of auxiliary cultivation materials, and 1-3% of nutritional additives, wherein the main cultivation materials are 2-3 of fermented fir sawdust, fermented sugarcane bagasse, and pine sawdust, the auxiliary cultivation materials are wheat flour or corn flour, and the nutritional additives are a mixture of humic acid, citrulline, and arabinogalactan; Add water to the culture medium and mix it evenly. The water content of the culture medium is controlled at 63-68%. Bottle it. The height between the material surface and the bottle mouth is controlled at 3-8 cm. The diameter of the bottle mouth is 6-9 cm. An inoculation hole is reserved in the middle. Clean the remaining culture medium on the bottle shoulder to the bottle mouth wall. Cover the bottle cap, sterilize it under high pressure, and cool it for use. 2) Inoculation: Inoculate the solid or liquid bacteria into the inoculation hole and material surface of the cultivation bottle under sterile conditions; 3) Culture in fungus bottles: Place the inoculated culture bottles in a culture room at 23-25°C and culture them in a dark room at a constant temperature for 20-30 days. At this time, the hyphae of the hydrangea begin to gather on the wall of the culture bottle. 4) Primordial induction: Adjust the culture room temperature to 21-23°C and culture under light for 25-30 days with a light duration of 8-10 hours per day. At this time, the primordium will continue to expand, fill the bottle mouth, and differentiate into a large number of petals; 5) Fruiting body cultivation: Remove the bottle cap and put a plastic mushroom bag or plastic bag on the mouth of the cultivation bottle. The temperature in the culture room is controlled at 19~21℃, the light duration is 10~12 hours per day, and the culture is carried out for 25~30 days. The fruiting body leaves can be harvested after they are fully expanded.

2. The method for efficiently growing hydrangea in a bottle according to claim 1, characterized in that: Step 1) The preparation method of the fermented fir sawdust is as follows: crush the fir sawdust into pieces with a length of 0.1-0.5 cm, pre-wet and pile up for natural fermentation for 3-6 months, during which the pile is turned over 3-6 times.

3. The method for efficiently growing hydrangea in a bottle according to claim 1, characterized in that: Step 1) The method for preparing the fermented bagasse is as follows: crushing the bagasse into pieces with a length of 0.2-1 cm, pre-wetting, building a pile and naturally fermenting for 1-3 months, during which the pile is turned 1-3 times.

4. The method for efficiently growing hydrangea in a bottle according to claim 1, characterized in that: Step 1) The pine wood chips are natural pine wood sawdust without mildew or additives.

5. The method for efficiently growing hydrangea in a bottle according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step 1), the mass ratio of humic acid, citrulline and arabinogalactan is 0.3-0.5:0.5-1:1-2.

6. The method for high-efficiency bottle cultivation of hydrangea according to claim 1, characterized in that: The mushroom packaging sheet in step 5) does not contain air holes.

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