Breeding method of high-stem late-maturing long-seedling-stage large-leaf large-grain sesame
Through the hybridization and continuous self-breeding of Zhongzhi 23 and B1F12, selective traits were screened, and finally sesame varieties with large leaves and large grains in the long seedling stage were obtained, which solved the problem of the existing technology that was difficult to cultivate varieties that meet the needs of sesame for vegetables, and achieved the establishment of an efficient and scientific sesame breeding technology system.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202510015340.X
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2025-01-06
- Publication Date
- 2025-03-04
AI Technical Summary
The prior art is difficult to cultivate high-rod, late-mature seedling-stage large-leaf large-grain sesame varieties that meet the needs of sesame for vegetables.
Through hybridization by Zhongzhi 23 as the parent and B1F12 as the parent, it was self-broken for 6 consecutive generations. The selective traits include plant height, leaf shape and size, grain color and size, number of capsules per capsule, seedling stage and growth period, and finally, sesame varieties with large leaves and large grains in the long-term high and late-mature seedling stage were obtained.
It has achieved rapid and effective cultivation of sesame varieties with large leaves and large grains in the long seedling stage of high poles and late maturity, meeting the demand of modern consumers for sesame seeds for vegetables, increasing the added value of sesame germplasm, and establishing a scientific sesame leaf material identification technology system.
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Figure CN119547723A_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] The invention relates to the field of sesame breeding, in particular to a method for breeding tall-stalked, late-maturing, long-seedling-stage, large-leaf and large-grain sesame. Background Art
[0002] Sesame (Sesamumindicum L.) is one of the seven major oil crops in the world. It is a traditional specialty oil crop, widely distributed in tropical and subtropical regions of the world, and is planted all over my country. Due to its unique aroma and rich nutritional value, sesame is widely used in various food and industrial fields. In the food field, sesame is used to make sesame oil, sesame paste, sesame candy and other delicious dishes. These foods not only have a unique taste, but also have rich nutritional value and are deeply loved by people. In addition, sesame also plays an important role in medicine, health care, beauty and other fields. For example, sesame oil has the effect of moisturizing the skin and anti-aging, and the nutrients in sesame can also help improve human immunity and promote health. The development of sesame deep-processing products is also constantly expanding to meet people's diverse needs.
[0003] Sesame is an important vegetable crop as well as an oil crop, and has a wide range of uses in people's daily lives. In order to meet the market demand for vegetable sesame, agricultural researchers have been working hard to explore and develop new breeding methods. In the process of breeding vegetable sesame, leaf size is an important detection trait. The size of the leaves directly affects the vegetable yield and quality of sesame, and is a key factor in determining its use as a vegetable. Therefore, how to cultivate sesame with large leaves and large grains during the long seedling period has become an important goal of current breeding work.
[0004] Providing a breeding method for tall-stalked, late-maturing, long-seedling-stage, large-leaf, and large-grain sesame is of great significance for establishing a rapid and effective vegetable sesame breeding technology system, cultivating sesame germplasm materials that meet the needs of modern consumers, and contributing to the realization of agricultural modernization. Summary of the invention
[0005] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a method for breeding tall-stemmed, late-maturing, long-seedling-stage, large-leaf, and large-grain sesame, so as to solve the problems existing in the above-mentioned prior art. The breeding method of the present invention can cultivate a tall-stemmed, late-maturing, long-seedling-stage, large-leaf, and large-grain sesame variety, which is suitable as a vegetable sesame variety.
[0006] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following solutions:
[0007] Technical solution 1: A breeding method for tall-stemmed, late-maturing, long-seedling-stage, large-leaf, and large-grain sesame, comprising the following steps:
[0008] Using Zhongzhi 23 as the female parent and B1F12 as the male parent, hybridizing to obtain the F1 generation, self-pollinating the F1 generation for 6 consecutive generations to obtain a stable inherited F6 generation strain, selecting the traits of the F6 generation strain, and obtaining the tall-stem, late-maturing, long-seedling-stage, large-leaf, and large-grain sesame;
[0009] The B1F12 is obtained by hybridizing Zhongzhi 11 and Ye 2.
[0010] Furthermore, the traits include plant height, shape and size of leaves, color and size of seeds, number of capsules per plant, number of seeds per capsule, seedling stage and growth period.
[0011] Furthermore, the plant height is ≥180cm.
[0012] Furthermore, the leaves are located in the upper, middle and lower parts of the plant; when the leaves are located in the upper part of the plant, the shape of the leaves is lanceolate, and the size of the leaves is: length ≥12cm, width ≥5cm; when the leaves are located in the middle part of the plant, the shape of the leaves is elliptical, and the size of the leaves is: length ≥25cm, width ≥10cm; when the leaves are located in the lower part of the plant, the shape of the leaves is heart-shaped, and the size of the leaves is: length ≥20cm, width ≥15cm.
[0013] Furthermore, when the blade is located in the upper part of the plant, the size of the blade is: length 12-20cm, width 5-10cm; when the blade is located in the middle part of the plant, the size of the blade is: length 25-35cm, width 10-20cm; when the blade is located in the lower part of the plant, the size of the blade is: length 20-30cm, width 15-20cm.
[0014] Furthermore, when the leaf is located in the upper part of the plant, the size of the leaf is: 18 cm in length and 8 cm in width; when the leaf is located in the middle part of the plant, the size of the leaf is: 30 cm in length and 18 cm in width; when the leaf is located in the lower part of the plant, the size of the leaf is: 28 cm in length and 18 cm in width.
[0015] Furthermore, the color of the grains is white; the grain size is 1,000-grain weight>3.6 grams; the number of capsules per plant is ≥60; and the number of grains per capsule is ≥66.
[0016] Furthermore, the seedling stage is 60-80 days; and the growth period is >135 days.
[0017] Furthermore, the seedling period is 70 days.
[0018] Furthermore, the measurement period of the leaves is the peak flowering period; and the measurement period of the plant height is the final flowering period.
[0019] The present invention discloses the following technical effects:
[0020] The present invention selects Zhongzhi 23, a late-maturing sesame variety with a medium stem and medium leaf, as the female parent, and the high stem, medium leaf, late-maturing distant hybridization offspring material (Zhongzhi 11×Ye 2) B1F12 as the male parent for breeding, and finally obtains hybrid seeds with high stem traits and excellent traits such as late maturation, long seedling period, large leaves, and large grains. The present invention uses the polymer breeding method to establish a fast and effective vegetable sesame breeding technology system, and cultivates sesame germplasm materials that meet the needs of modern consumers, increasing the added value of sesame germplasm. The present invention establishes a scientific, accurate, objective and practical sesame leaf material identification technology system, which provides a strong technical guarantee for the protection of new sesame varieties and new variety registration. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0021] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required for use in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying creative work.
[0022] Figure 1 The technical idea of the breeding method of the present invention;
[0023] Figure 2 This is a morphological picture of tall-stemmed, late-maturing, long-seedling-stage, large-leaf, large-grain sesame;
[0024] Figure 3 The figure shows the difference between the leaves and seeds of tall-stalk, late-maturing, long-seedling-stage, large-leaf and large-grain sesame and ordinary sesame, where A represents the upper, middle and lower leaves and seeds of tall-stalk, late-maturing, long-seedling-stage, large-leaf and large-grain sesame, and B represents the upper, middle and lower leaves and seeds of an ordinary sesame variety (Zhongzhi 23). DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0025] Various exemplary embodiments of the present invention will now be described in detail. This detailed description should not be considered as limiting the present invention, but should be understood as a more detailed description of certain aspects, features, and embodiments of the present invention.
[0026] It should be understood that the terms described in the present invention are only for describing a particular embodiment and are not intended to limit the present invention. In addition, for the numerical range in the present invention, it should be understood that each intermediate value between the upper and lower limits of the scope is also specifically disclosed. The intermediate value in any stated value or stated range, and each smaller range between any other stated value or intermediate value in the described range is also included in the present invention. The upper and lower limits of these smaller ranges can be independently included or excluded in the scope.
[0027] Unless otherwise indicated, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meanings as those generally understood by those skilled in the art. Although the present invention describes only preferred methods and materials, any methods and materials similar or equivalent to those described herein may also be used in the implementation or testing of the present invention. All documents mentioned in this specification are incorporated by reference to disclose and describe the methods and / or materials associated with the documents. In the event of a conflict with any incorporated document, the content of this specification shall prevail.
[0028] It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and variations may be made to the specific embodiments of the present invention description without departing from the scope or spirit of the present invention. Other embodiments derived from the present invention description will be apparent to those skilled in the art. The present invention description and examples are exemplary only.
[0029] The words “include,” “including,” “have,” “contain,” etc. used in this document are open-ended terms, meaning including but not limited to.
[0030] Zhongzhi 23 and Zhongzhi 11 were selected and bred by the Sesame Special Oil Research Laboratory of the Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Ye 2 was introduced from India by the Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences. B1F12 was obtained by hybridization of Zhongzhi 11 and Ye 2.
[0031] The trait parameters of Zhongzhi 23 and B1F12 are shown in Table 1.
[0032] Table 1
[0033]
[0034]
[0035] Example 1
[0036] Breeding of tall stem, late maturing, long seedling stage, large leaves and large grains sesame: Select the medium stem, medium leaves and late maturing sesame variety Zhongzhi 23 as the female parent and the tall stem, medium leaves, late maturing distant hybrid high-generation material B1F12 as the male parent for hybridization to obtain the excellent hybrid F1 seeds with tall stem, late maturing, long seedling stage, large leaves and large grains (technical ideas see Figure 1 ).
[0037] Specifically, during the flowering period, select several flower buds of the female parent Zhongzhi 23 that will bloom the next morning (the flower buds will turn white), emasculate them in the evening before flowering, and immediately put them into bags (white, light-transmitting and breathable sulfuric acid hybridization bags); select the flowers of the male parent (Zhongzhi 11×Ye 2) B1F12 that will bloom the next morning (the flower buds will turn white), and put them into bags; at 6:00-8:00 in the morning of the next day, take out the flowers of B1F12 from the bag, pinch four neat anthers in your hand to evenly apply the pollen to the emasculated stigma of Zhongzhi 23, and then put them into bags to prevent them from being contaminated by exogenous pollen; remove the bags after three days, and you can see young and tender small fruits with a length of about 0.5 cm, which are hybrid fruits. After the plants are fully mature, hybrid seeds are harvested with a gauze bag, which is the F1 generation; the traits of the F1 generation strains are screened, and the F1 generation sesame varieties obtained by the screening are self-pollinated to obtain the F2 generation; the traits of the F2 generation strains are screened, and the F2 generation sesame varieties obtained by the screening are self-pollinated to obtain the F3 generation; the traits of the F3 generation strains are screened, and the F3 generation sesame varieties obtained by the screening are self-pollinated to obtain the F4 generation; the traits of the F4 generation strains are screened, and the F4 generation sesame varieties obtained by the screening are self-pollinated to obtain the F5 generation; the traits of the F5 generation strains are screened, and the F5 generation sesame varieties obtained by the screening are self-pollinated to obtain the F6 generation; the traits of the F6 generation strains are selected, and the traits include plant height, leaf shape and size, grain color and size, number of capsules per plant, number of grains per capsule, seedling stage and growth period, and finally a sesame variety with high stem, late maturity, long seedling stage, large leaves and large grains is obtained (morphological figure see Figure 2 ).
[0038] The leaves and seeds of the obtained tall-stem, late-maturing, long-seedling-stage, large-leaf, large-grain sesame were compared with those of ordinary sesame. Figure 3 A in the figure represents the upper, middle and lower leaves and grains of tall, late-maturing, long-seedling-stage, large-leaf, large-grain sesame. Figure 3 B in the figure represents the upper, middle and lower leaves and grains of a common sesame variety (Zhongzhi 23) grown under the same conditions.
[0039] Specifically, the selection method and screening criteria for traits such as plant height, leaf shape and size, grain color and size, number of capsules per plant, number of grains per capsule, seedling stage and growth period are as follows:
[0040] 1. How to choose the shape and size of the leaves:
[0041] Leaf measurement period selection: Choose a sunny morning between 6:00 and 8:00, select the upper, middle and lower leaves of the plant, place them in an ice box with ice bags and send them back to the laboratory for measurement. The leaf size measurement period is the flowering period. The leaf size measurement method includes: randomly select 5 leaves from the upper, middle and lower parts of 5 plants, pick the leaves, measure the length and width of the leaves, record the length and width data of the leaves, calculate the area of each leaf, sort the obtained data, and calculate the upper, middle and lower leaf areas of each strain. Instrument selection and measurement method: Select the Wanshen LA-S leaf area measuring instrument automatic analysis system, set the scanning resolution to 300dpi, lay the retrieved leaves flat on the scanner panel, gently cover the lid, and after scanning, the software automatically generates values such as leaf length, width, and area. Sort the obtained data and record the leaf data of the strain material.
[0042] The screening criteria for leaf shape and size are: the lower leaves are heart-shaped, with a leaf length ≥28cm and a width ≥18cm; the middle leaves are elliptical, with a leaf length ≥30cm and a width ≥18cm; the upper leaves are lanceolate, with a leaf length ≥18cm and a width ≥8cm; the screening period is after flowering and before maturity, and only those leaves in the upper, middle and lower parts that meet the standards can be selected, otherwise they will be eliminated.
[0043] Furthermore, the screening criteria for the shape and size of the leaves are: the leaves are located in the upper, middle and lower parts of the plant; when the leaves are located in the upper part of the plant, the shape of the leaves is lanceolate, and the size of the leaves is: length 18 cm, width 8 cm; when the leaves are located in the middle part of the plant, the shape of the leaves is elliptical, and the size of the leaves is: length 30 cm, width 18 cm; when the leaves are located in the lower part of the plant, the shape of the leaves is heart-shaped, and the size of the leaves is: length 28 cm, width 18 cm.
[0044] 2. How to choose the size and color of seeds:
[0045] Selection of the period for measuring grain size: When all plants in the strain are harvested normally after maturity, they are dried, cleaned, and impurities and shriveled grains are removed. 1,000 seeds are randomly selected for measurement in the laboratory. Instrument selection and measurement: Select the Wanshen SC-G automatic seed testing and analysis system, set the scanning resolution to 300dpi, lay the seeds evenly and without overlap on the scanner panel, gently cover the lid, and after scanning, the software automatically generates values such as seed length, width, circumference, and area. Then put the seeds into a 1 / 10,000 balance and weigh them, organize the obtained data, and select large-grain strain materials with a thousand-grain weight of >3.6 grams; the color of the grains is white;
[0046] 3. Plant height ≥180cm, measured from the length from the cotyledon node to the top;
[0047] 4. Seedling stage>70 days, the recording standard is the number of days from seedling emergence to first flowering;
[0048] 5. Growth period>135 days, the recording standard is the number of days from germination to maturity;
[0049] 6. The number of capsules per plant is ≥60. The measurement standard is to randomly select 5 plants in each plot, record the number of capsules per plant and calculate the average value;
[0050] 7. The number of capsules per capsule is ≥ 66. The measurement standard is to randomly select 5 plants in each plot, and randomly select 2 middle capsules from each plant, and record and calculate the average value.
[0051] The traits of the final F6 generation strains were selected, among which the plant height and initial capsule height were measured at maturity, and 5 plants were randomly selected from each plot for measurement; the number of grains per capsule was measured at maturity, and 5 plants were randomly selected from each plot, and 2 median fruits in the middle of each plant were picked to count the number of grains; the thousand-grain weight was weighed by randomly selecting 1000 grains after harvesting and drying; the seedling stage and growth period were recorded before initial flowering and at maturity, respectively, and all plants in the entire plot were observed and recorded; the upper, middle and lower leaves were measured after final flowering, and 5 plants were randomly selected from each plot, and 2 upper, middle and lower leaves were taken from each plant to measure the length of the longest part.
[0052] The obtained lines (23XiaoFan55 and 23XiaoFan47) and trait data are shown in Table 2.
[0053] Table 2
[0054]
[0055]
[0056] As can be seen from Table 2, the traits of the strain F6 obtained by the breeding method of the present invention, such as plant height, initial capsule height, 1000-grain weight, seedling stage, growth period, leaf size, and fresh weight of leaves per plant, are closer to those of the male parent B1F12; the number of grains per capsule is closer to that of the female parent Zhongzhi 23. The final F6 strain obtained by the breeding method of the present invention aggregates the traits of tall stem, late maturity, long seedling stage, large leaves and large grains.
[0057] The embodiments described above are only descriptions of the preferred modes of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Without departing from the design spirit of the present invention, various modifications and improvements made to the technical solutions of the present invention by ordinary technicians in this field should all fall within the protection scope determined by the claims of the present invention.
Claims
1. A method for breeding tall-stemmed, late-maturing, long-seedling-stage, large-leaf, and large-grain sesame, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Using Zhongzhi 23 as the female parent and B1F12 as the male parent, hybridizing to obtain the F1 generation, self-pollinating the F1 generation for 6 consecutive generations to obtain a stable inherited F6 generation strain, selecting the traits of the F6 generation strain, and obtaining the tall-stem, late-maturing, long-seedling-stage, large-leaf, and large-grain sesame; The B1F12 is obtained by hybridizing Zhongzhi 11 and Ye 2.
2. The breeding method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The traits include plant height, shape and size of leaves, color and size of grains, number of capsules per plant, number of grains per capsule, seedling stage and growth stage.
3. The breeding method according to claim 2, characterized in that: The plant height is ≥180cm.
4. The breeding method according to claim 2, characterized in that: The leaves are located in the upper, middle and lower parts of the plant; when the leaves are located in the upper part of the plant, the shape of the leaves is lanceolate, and the size of the leaves is: length ≥12cm, width ≥5cm; when the leaves are located in the middle part of the plant, the shape of the leaves is elliptical, and the size of the leaves is: length ≥25cm, width ≥10cm; when the leaves are located in the lower part of the plant, the shape of the leaves is heart-shaped, and the size of the leaves is: length ≥20cm, width ≥15cm.
5. The breeding method according to claim 4, characterized in that: When the leaf is located at the upper part of the plant, the size of the leaf is: 12-20 cm in length and 5-10 cm in width; when the leaf is located at the middle part of the plant, the size of the leaf is: 25-35 cm in length and 10-20 cm in width; when the leaf is located at the lower part of the plant, the size of the leaf is: 20-30 cm in length and 15-20 cm in width.
6. The breeding method according to claim 4, characterized in that: When the leaf is located at the upper part of the plant, the size of the leaf is: 18 cm in length and 8 cm in width; when the leaf is located at the middle part of the plant, the size of the leaf is: 30 cm in length and 18 cm in width; when the leaf is located at the lower part of the plant, the size of the leaf is: 28 cm in length and 18 cm in width.
7. The breeding method according to claim 2, characterized in that: The color of the seeds is white; the size of the seeds is that the thousand-grain weight is greater than 3.6 grams; the number of capsules per plant is greater than or equal to 60; and the number of grains per capsule is greater than or equal to 66.
8. The breeding method according to claim 2, characterized in that The seedling stage is 60-80 days; the growth period is greater than 135 days.
9. The breeding method according to claim 8, characterized in that: The seedling period is 70 days.
10. The breeding method according to claim 2, characterized in that: The measurement period of the leaves is the peak flowering period; the measurement period of the plant height is the final flowering period.