Method and structure for purging air filter of air subsystem of fuel cell

Abstract

The invention discloses a method and a structure for purging an air filter of an air subsystem of a fuel cell. The structure comprises the air filter and a purging mechanism arranged on one side of the air filter, the purging mechanism comprises a three-way valve, a filter pipe arranged between the three-way valve and the air filter, a purging on-off valve arranged on one side of the three-way valve and a flow guide assembly arranged between the three-way valve and the purging on-off valve. A three-way valve is arranged on one side of an air filter, a purging on-off valve is arranged at one end of a flow guide assembly, and the air filter is stopped, so that air enters from the upper side, exits from the right side and blocks the left side of the three-way valve, and air is guided by an air compressor to purge the inside of the on-off valve; therefore, airflow led out by the air compressor reversely enters the air filter through the purging on-off valve, the purpose of purging an inner core body of the air filter is achieved, accumulation on a filter element can be removed through regular purging, the filter element is prevented from being blocked, and the service life of the filter element is prolonged.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of filter regeneration, and in particular to the technical field of using gaseous fluid to regenerate filters, and specifically to a method and structure for blowing out an air filter of an air subsystem of a fuel cell. Background Art

[0002] The fuel cell system control includes the coordinated control of multiple subsystems such as the air subsystem, hydrogen subsystem and thermal management subsystem. The air filter in the air subsystem needs to be purged and maintained regularly according to the system operating environment. Especially in mining truck operation conditions, it is even necessary to perform dust purging and maintenance on the core of the air filter every 15 days, which greatly increases the after-sales cost and work efficiency of the system.

[0003] Therefore, in order to solve the shortcomings of the above problems, a method and structure for purging an air filter of an air subsystem of a fuel cell is proposed. Summary of the invention

[0004] The present invention overcomes the deficiencies of the prior art and provides a method and structure for blowing out an air filter of an air subsystem of a fuel cell.

[0005] To achieve the above object, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is: a fuel cell air subsystem air filter purge structure, comprising: an air filter, and a purge mechanism arranged on one side of the air filter;

[0006] The purge mechanism comprises: a three-way valve, a filter tube arranged between the three-way valve and the air filter, a purge on-off valve arranged on one side of the three-way valve, and a flow guide component arranged between the three-way valve and the purge on-off valve;

[0007] The three-way valve and the air filter are connected through a filter tube pipeline, the three-way valve and the purge on-off valve are connected through a guide component, the top pipeline of the three-way valve is connected to an air intake pipe, the left air outlet end pipeline of the purge on-off valve is connected to a second return pipe, and the right air intake end of the second return pipe is connected to the circumferential outer wall pipeline of the filter tube.

[0008] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the flow guide assembly includes: an air compressor and a fuel cell stack, an intercooler arranged on one side of the air compressor, a bypass throttle arranged on one side of the intercooler, an intake throttle arranged on one side of the fuel cell stack, and an outlet throttle arranged on one side of the fuel cell stack, a first flow guide pipe is connected to the pipe between the air compressor and the intercooler, and one side of the intercooler is connected to the bypass throttle pipe.

[0009] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the air inlet end of the fuel cell stack is connected to an air inlet throttle pipe, and the air outlet end of the fuel cell stack is connected to an air outlet throttle pipe.

[0010] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the intercooler and the air intake throttle valve pipeline are connected to a first shunt pipe, and one end of the air outlet throttle valve pipeline is connected to an outlet pipe.

[0011] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the circumferential outer wall pipe of the outlet pipe is connected to a second shunt pipe, and the other end of the second shunt pipe is connected to a bypass throttle valve pipe.

[0012] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the circumferential outer wall pipe of the second diversion pipe is connected to the first return pipe, the other end of the first return pipe is connected to the other end of the purge on-off valve, the pipe between the air compressor and the intercooler is connected to the second guide pipe, and the pipe between the air compressor and the three-way valve is connected to the first guide pipe.

[0013] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, a differential pressure sensor and a particle sensor are provided in the air filter, and a vibration device is fixedly installed on one side of the air filter.

[0014] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the upper air outlet pipe of the purge on-off valve is connected to a first branch pipe.

[0015] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the other end of the first branch pipe is connected to a heat exchanger, the other end of the heat exchanger is connected to a second branch pipe, and the other end of the second branch pipe is connected to the circumferential outer wall pipe of the second return pipe.

[0016] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, a method for using a fuel cell air subsystem air filter purge structure;

[0017] S1: Set the threshold of the differential pressure sensor reading and the threshold of the particle sensor reading, and set the basic purge parameters, including purge frequency, duration, airflow pressure, etc., set the heat exchanger start conditions and the working parameters of the vibration device, and finally record the time when the system starts running;

[0018] S2: Read the data of the differential pressure sensor and the particle sensor in real time, monitor the ambient temperature and the status of the intercooler or the temperature of the heat exchanger, and record the current system operation time;

[0019] S3: A blockage index is established using the pressure difference and the number of particles. If the index exceeds a preset threshold and the time since the last purge exceeds the minimum purge interval, the purge demand is triggered according to the system operation time;

[0020] S4: dynamically adjusting the purge frequency, duration and airflow pressure according to the blockage index, activating the heat exchanger to preheat the purge airflow when the temperature of the heat exchanger is higher than a preset value but lower than another preset value, and adjusting the frequency of the vibration device according to the blockage index;

[0021] S5: When the purge demand is determined, open the purge on-off valve, start the air compressor, control the three-way valve to the purge position, perform the purge operation according to the adjusted purge parameters, and activate the vibration device at the same time to vibrate according to the calculated frequency; after the purge operation is completed, when the purge time reaches the set value, turn off the air compressor and the purge on-off valve, reset the position of the three-way valve so that the top air inlet is closed and the two sides are open, stop the vibration device, and update the historical data of air filter cleaning, record the timestamp of this purge, and reset the system operation time.

[0022] The present invention solves the defects existing in the background technology and has the following beneficial effects:

[0023] (1) The present invention provides a fuel cell air subsystem air filter purging method and structure, through a three-way valve set on one side of the air filter, a purge on-off valve is set at one end of the guide assembly, and the air filter is stopped from use, so that the upper side of the three-way valve is inlet, the right side is out, and the left side is blocked, so that the gas passes through the air compressor guide purge on-off valve, and the air flow discharged by the air compressor is reversed through the purge on-off valve to enter the air filter, thereby achieving the purpose of purging the inner core of the air filter. Regular purge can remove the accumulation on the filter element, avoid filter element blockage, and extend the service life of the filter element.

[0024] (2) The present invention provides a fuel cell air subsystem air filter purging method and structure. By arranging a pressure difference sensor and a particle sensor in the air filter, the purging efficiency and purging effect can be optimized. By installing a pressure difference sensor at the inlet and outlet of the air filter, the blockage degree of the air filter can be monitored in real time. By installing a particle sensor in the air filter, the number of particulate matter in the air passing through the air filter can be detected. By combining the data from the pressure difference sensor and the particle sensor, an adaptive control algorithm is developed to dynamically adjust the purging frequency, duration and airflow pressure to achieve the best cleaning effect.

[0025] (3) The present invention provides a method and structure for purging an air filter of a fuel cell air subsystem, wherein a heat exchanger is provided between the purging on-off valve and the second return pipe, and the heat exchanger can utilize the heat of the intercooler to heat the gas entering the air filter; and a vibration device is provided on one side of the air filter, so that during the purging process of the air filter, the high-frequency vibration generated by the vibration device helps to loosen particulate matter attached to the filter element, thereby improving the cleaning effect of the air filter. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0026] The present invention is further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments;

[0027] Figure 1 is an overall flow chart of Example 1 of the preferred embodiment of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 2 is an overall flow chart of Example 2 of the preferred embodiment of the present invention;

[0029] In the figure: 1. air filter; 2. air compressor; 3. intercooler; 4. bypass throttle; 5. intake throttle; 6. exhaust throttle; 7. battery stack; 8. three-way valve; 9. purge on-off valve; 11. intake pipe; 12. first guide pipe; 13. second guide pipe; 14. first shunt pipe; 15. second shunt pipe; 16. first return pipe; 17. second return pipe; 18. outlet pipe; 19. filter pipe; 20. differential pressure sensor; 21. particle sensor; 22. heat exchanger; 23. first branch pipe; 24. second branch pipe. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0030] The present invention will now be further described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. These drawings are simplified schematic diagrams that only illustrate the basic structure of the present invention in a schematic manner, and therefore only show the components related to the present invention.

[0031] like Figure 1 As shown, a fuel cell air subsystem air filter purge structure comprises: an air filter 1, and a purge mechanism arranged on one side of the air filter 1;

[0032] The purge mechanism includes: a three-way valve 8, a filter tube 19 arranged between the three-way valve 8 and the air filter 1, a purge on-off valve 9 arranged on one side of the three-way valve 8, and a flow guide component arranged between the three-way valve 8 and the purge on-off valve 9;

[0033] The three-way valve 8 and the air filter 1 are connected through the filter tube 19 pipeline, the three-way valve 8 and the purge on-off valve 9 are connected through the guide component, the top pipeline of the three-way valve 8 is connected to the air intake pipe 11, the left air outlet end pipeline of the purge on-off valve 9 is connected to the second return pipe 17, and the right air intake end of the second return pipe 17 is connected to the circumferential outer wall pipeline of the filter tube 19.

[0034] like Figure 1As shown: the guide assembly includes: an air compressor 2 and a battery stack 7, an intercooler 3 arranged on one side of the air compressor 2, a bypass throttle 4 arranged on one side of the intercooler 3, an intake throttle 5 arranged on one side of the battery stack 7, and an outlet throttle 6 arranged on one side of the battery stack 7, a first guide pipe 12 is connected to the pipeline between the air compressor 2 and the intercooler 3; one side of the intercooler 3 is connected to the bypass throttle 4 pipeline, the intake end of the battery stack 7 is connected to the intake throttle 5 pipeline, the outlet end of the battery stack 7 is connected to the outlet throttle 6 pipeline, the intercooler 3 and the intake throttle 5 pipeline are connected to the first shunt pipe 14, one end of the outlet throttle 6 pipeline is connected to the outlet pipe 18, the circumferential outer wall pipeline of the outlet pipe 18 is connected to the second shunt pipe 15, and the other end of the second shunt pipe 15 is connected to the bypass throttle 4 pipeline.

[0035] The circumferential outer wall pipe of the second diversion pipe 15 is connected to the first return pipe 16, the other end of the first return pipe 16 is connected to the other end of the purge on-off valve 9, the pipe between the air compressor 2 and the intercooler 3 is connected to the second guide pipe 13, and the pipe between the air compressor 2 and the three-way valve 8 is connected to the first guide pipe 12.

[0036] like Figure 1 As shown, a differential pressure sensor 20 and a particle sensor 21 are provided in the air filter 1, and a vibration device is fixedly installed on one side of the air filter 1; the upper air outlet pipe of the purge on-off valve 9 is connected to a first branch pipe 23, the other end of the first branch pipe 23 is connected to a heat exchanger 22, the other end of the heat exchanger 22 is connected to a second branch pipe 24, and the other end of the second branch pipe 24 is connected to the circumferential outer wall pipe of the second return pipe 17.

[0037] Embodiment 1:

[0038] By stopping the use of the air filter 1, the upper side of the three-way valve 8 is inlet, the right side is outlet, and the left side is blocked, so that the gas is guided through the air compressor 2 to the purge on-off valve 9, so that the air flow discharged by the air compressor 2 is reversed into the air filter 1 through the purge on-off valve 9, thereby achieving the purpose of purging the inner core of the air filter 1. Regular purge can remove the accumulation on the filter element, avoid filter element clogging, and extend the service life of the filter element; by using the compressed air generated by the air compressor 2 for reverse cleaning, the accumulated dirt, dust and other particulate matter on the filter element can be effectively removed, which helps to extend the service life of the filter element, reduce the frequency of filter element replacement, and reduce maintenance costs. When the gas enters the fuel cell stack 7, it participates in chemical reactions to generate electron flow, thereby generating electrical energy, so that the electrical energy generated by the fuel cell stack 7 is convenient to improve the energy source.

[0039] During the purging process of the air filter 1, the pressure difference sensor 20, the particle sensor 21 and the heat exchanger 22 cooperate with each other, and the pressure difference sensor 20 and the particle sensor 21 are arranged in the air filter 1, so as to optimize the purging efficiency and the purging effect. By installing the pressure difference sensor 20 at the inlet and outlet of the air filter 1, the blockage degree of the air filter 1 can be monitored in real time. By installing the particle sensor 21 in the air filter 1, the number of particulate matter in the air passing through the air filter 1 can be detected. Combined with the data of the pressure difference sensor 20 and the particle sensor 21, the frequency, duration and airflow pressure of the purging can be dynamically adjusted through an adaptive control algorithm to achieve the best cleaning effect.

[0040] like Figure 2 As shown, a method for using an air filter purge mechanism of a fuel cell air subsystem;

[0041] Embodiment 2:

[0042] Differential pressure sensor 20: A differential pressure sensor 20 is installed at the inlet and outlet of the air filter 1 to monitor the blockage degree of the filter in real time. When the differential pressure exceeds a certain threshold, the purge procedure is automatically triggered;

[0043] Particle sensor 21: A particle sensor 21 is installed in the air filter 1 to detect the amount of particles in the air passing through the filter. When the amount of particles increases, it indicates that the filter needs to be cleaned;

[0044] Heat exchanger 22: A heat exchanger 22 is arranged in parallel at the outlet end of the purge on-off valve 9. The heat exchanger 22 can use the heat removed by the intercooler 3 to preheat the purge airflow entering the air filter 1;

[0045] Vibration device: During the purge process, the high-frequency vibrations generated by the vibration device help loosen the particles attached to the filter element;

[0046] Combining the relevant data of the pressure difference, particle sensor 21, heat exchanger 22 and vibration device, an adaptive control algorithm is developed. The algorithm will continuously monitor the pressure difference and particle data, and dynamically adjust the purge parameters, the status of the heat exchanger 22 and the vibration device according to these data.

[0047] Adaptive control algorithm:

[0048] 1. Goal and parameter definition

[0049] Target parameter Differential pressure sensor 20 reading ΔP Particle sensor 21 reading <![CDATA[P c ]]> Heat exchanger 22 temperature <![CDATA[T h ]]> Vibration device frequency <![CDATA[V f ]]> Purge time <![CDATA[T b ]]> Purge interval <![CDATA[T i ]]> Purge air pressure <![CDATA[P b ]]> System running time <![CDATA[T r ]]> Ambient temperature <![CDATA[T a ]]>

[0050] 2. Algorithm logic:

[0051] ①. Initialization

[0052] Set the pressure difference threshold ΔPt and particle threshold PM t ; Set basic purge parameters (F Pb ,D pb ,P sb ); Set the heat exchanger 22 start condition (T ao ,T af ) and vibration device parameters; record the initial running time of the system.

[0053] 2. Continuous monitoring

[0054] Real-time reading of the differential pressure sensor 20 data ΔP and the particle sensor 21 data P c , monitor the ambient temperature T a and intercooler status / heat exchanger 22 temperature T h , record the current system running time T r .

[0055] ③. Blockage degree assessment and purge demand determination

[0056] Using pressure difference: ΔP and particle number: P c Establish a congestion index C i :C i =f(ΔP,P c ).

[0057] If C i ≥C t (preset threshold), and the time since the last purge exceeds the minimum purge interval: T mi , while considering the system running time: T r (If it exceeds 15 days), the purge requirement is triggered.

[0058] ④. Adjustment of purge parameters and decision on heat / vibration device

[0059] According to C i Dynamically adjust the purge frequency: F P , Purge duration: D p and air flow pressure setting: P s ;

[0060] Purge frequency: F P =g1(C i ), Purge duration: D p =g2(C i ), air flow pressure: P s =h(C i ).

[0061] Among them, g1, g2 and h are functions, with C i As input, and output a value, this value is assigned to D pWhere g2 is a blocking index: C i To determine the purge duration: D p Function of

[0062] When T h >T ao And T a When the pressure drops below the preset value, the heat exchanger 22 is activated and the purge airflow is preheated by the heat exchanger 22, so that the air outlet on the left side of the purge on-off valve 9 is closed and the air outlet on the top is opened, so that the airflow after purge is introduced into the heat exchanger 22 through the purge on-off valve 9, and the second branch pipe 24 is introduced into the second reflux pipe 17.

[0063] According to C i Adjust the vibration device frequency V f :V f = k(C i ).

[0064] ⑤.Purge execution

[0065] Open the purge on-off valve 9 and start the air compressor 2.

[0066] Control three-way valve 8 to the purge position.

[0067] According to the adjusted purge parameters (F P ,D p ,P s ) to perform a purge operation.

[0068] At the same time, the vibration device is activated to calculate: V f Vibrate.

[0069] ⑥. End of purge and reset

[0070] Purge time reached: D p Finally, turn off the air compressor 2 and the purge on-off valve 9.

[0071] Reset the three-way valve 8 so that the air inlet at the top of the three-way valve 8 is closed and both sides of the three-way valve 8 are open.

[0072] Stop the vibrating device.

[0073] Update the cleaning history data of air filter 1, record the timestamp of this purge, and reset the system running time T r .

[0074] 3. Algorithm optimization and iteration:

[0075] Regularly collect actual data during the purge process, including changes in differential pressure before and after purge, changes in particle count, filter life, etc. Use these data to recalibrate functions f, g1, g2, h, and k to optimize purge efficiency and effect.

[0076] f(ΔP,P c )-Calculation of blocking index:

[0077] The clogging index S is calculated by a multivariate nonlinear regression model, taking into account the pressure difference ΔP and the number of particles N p We can also add time t as an additional factor, because the filter clogging degree will gradually change over time.

[0078] formula:

[0079]

[0080] α0,α1,α2,α3,α4,β1,β2, is a parameter calibrated by experiment; ΔP(t) is the pressure difference measured at time t; N p (t) is the number of particles measured at time t; The term takes into account the changing trend of congestion level over time.

[0081] g1(S)-Purge frequency adjustment:

[0082] The purge frequency F is adjusted by a piecewise linear function or a polynomial function, taking into account the different requirements for the purge frequency in different intervals of the blockage index S. In addition, a dynamic adjustment factor δ can be introduced, which can be adjusted according to the ambient temperature T or other external conditions.

[0083] formula:

[0084]

[0085] c0,c1,c2,d0,d1,d2,d3,ω, is a parameter calibrated by experiment; S threshold is a preset threshold used to distinguish different purge strategies; T is the ambient temperature; The term considers the periodic effect of ambient temperature on the purge frequency.

[0086] g2(S) - Purge duration adjustment:

[0087] The purge duration T is adjusted by an exponential decay function, taking into account the nonlinear influence of the blockage index S on the duration. In addition, a correction factor η can be introduced, which can be adjusted according to the temperature T of the heat exchanger. heat Make adjustments.

[0088] formula:

[0089]

[0090] τ0, τ1, τ2, τ3 are parameters calibrated by experiments; T ref is a reference temperature used to normalize the temperature effect of the heat exchanger; the term ln(τ2·S+1) takes into account the logarithmic relationship between the clogging index and the purge time.

[0091] h(S)-air flow pressure setting adjustment:

[0092] The airflow pressure P is adjusted by a hyperbolic tangent function, taking into account the nonlinear effect of the blockage index S on the airflow pressure. In addition, a safety upper limit P is introduced max , to prevent excessive air flow pressure from damaging the filter element.

[0093] formula:

[0094]

[0095] P min , P max is the minimum and maximum value of air flow pressure; S mid is the intermediate blockage index, which is used to determine the turning point of the airflow pressure; σ is an adjustment parameter that controls the speed at which the airflow pressure changes with the blockage index; the tanh function ensures that the airflow pressure is within P min and P max Smooth transition between.

[0096] k(S)-vibration device frequency adjustment:

[0097] The vibration device frequency V is adjusted through a Gaussian mixture model, taking into account the nonlinear effect of the blockage index S on the vibration frequency. In addition, a dynamic adjustment factor ζ is introduced, which can be adjusted according to the historical working status of the vibration device.

[0098] formula:

[0099]

[0100] ω i , μ i , σ i are the weight, mean and standard deviation of the Gaussian distribution, which are calibrated through experiments; n is the number of Gaussian distributions; H is the historical working status of the vibration device, such as the accumulated working time, the last maintenance time, etc.; ζ(H) is a dynamic adjustment factor that can be fine-tuned according to the historical working status.

[0101] Recalibrating the functions f, g1, g2, h, k to improve the performance of the adaptive control algorithm typically involves the following steps:

[0102] Ⅰ: Data collection:

[0103] Collect relevant data during actual operation, including pressure difference: ΔP, particle number: P c , Purge parameters (frequency: F p Duration: D p , Air flow pressure setting: P s ), vibration device frequency: V f , Heat exchanger 22 temperature: T h Record the filter status changes before and after each purge, such as the pressure difference reduction and particle number reduction, and track the filter's service life and replacement cycle.

[0104] II: Data Analysis:

[0105] ⑴: Analyze the collected data to find out the relationship between pressure difference, particle number and purge effect (such as pressure difference reduction rate, particle removal rate), and analyze environmental factors (such as ambient temperature: T a , heat exchanger 22 status) on the purging effect, and analyze the correlation between purging parameters and filter life.

[0106] ⑵: Establish or update the model: Based on the data analysis results, establish the mathematical model of functions f, g1, g2, h, k. The above mathematical model is linear regression. For g1(C i ), we will find that C i With F P There is a quadratic relationship between them, so g1 is updated to be a quadratic function.

[0107] ⑶: Model verification and optimization: Use a data set that is not involved in model building to verify the performance of the model and evaluate the accuracy, stability, and robustness of the model prediction. Adjust and optimize the model based on the verification results, including parameter adjustment, introduction of new variables or features, etc.

[0108] (4) Implementation and monitoring: Deploy the updated model (i.e., the new functions f, g1, g2, h, k) to the actual control system. Monitor the system's operating status to ensure that the new model performs well in actual operation. Regularly collect new operating data for future model updates and optimizations.

[0109] When the present invention is used, by combining the data of the pressure difference sensor 20, the particle sensor 21, the heat exchanger 22 and the vibration device, a smarter and more efficient cleaning of the air filter 1 can be achieved. By continuously monitoring and adjusting the purge parameters, and using the heat exchanger 22 and the vibration device to improve the cleaning effect, the algorithm can extend the service life of the filter and ensure the stable operation of the air system; combined with the relevant data of the pressure difference sensor 20, the particle sensor 21, the heat exchanger 22 and the vibration device, the adaptive control algorithm is used, and the algorithm can continuously monitor the pressure difference and particle data, and dynamically adjust the purge parameters (such as frequency, duration and airflow pressure), the state of the heat exchanger 22 and the vibration device according to the data, which can achieve the best filter cleaning effect, achieve efficient and adaptive cleaning of the air filter 1, extend the service life of the filter, and ensure the stable operation of the fuel cell vehicle air system.

[0110] The above is based on the ideal embodiment of the present invention. Through the above description, relevant personnel can make various changes and modifications without departing from the technical concept of the present invention. The technical scope of the present invention is not limited to the content in the specification, and the technical scope must be determined according to the scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A fuel cell air subsystem air filter purge structure, comprising: An air filter (1), and a purge mechanism arranged on one side of the air filter (1), characterized in that: The purge mechanism comprises: a three-way valve (8), a filter tube (19) arranged between the three-way valve (8) and the air filter (1), a purge on-off valve (9) arranged on one side of the three-way valve (8), and a flow guide component arranged between the three-way valve (8) and the purge on-off valve (9); The three-way valve (8) and the air filter (1) are connected via a filter tube (19); the three-way valve (8) and the purge on-off valve (9) are connected via a flow guide assembly; the top pipeline of the three-way valve (8) is connected to an air intake pipe (11); the left air outlet end pipeline of the purge on-off valve (9) is connected to a second return pipe (17); and the right air intake end of the second return pipe (17) is connected to a circumferential outer wall pipeline of the filter tube (19).

2. The fuel cell air subsystem air filter purge structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The flow guide assembly comprises: an air compressor (2) and a fuel cell stack (7), an intercooler (3) arranged on one side of the air compressor (2), a bypass throttle (4) arranged on one side of the intercooler (3), an intake throttle (5) arranged on one side of the fuel cell stack (7), and an outlet throttle (6) arranged on one side of the fuel cell stack (7); a first flow guide pipe (12) is connected to a pipeline between the air compressor (2) and the intercooler (3); and one side of the intercooler (3) is connected to a bypass throttle (4) pipeline.

3. The fuel cell air subsystem air filter purge structure according to claim 2, characterized in that: The air inlet end of the battery stack (7) is connected to the air inlet throttle valve (5) pipeline, and the air outlet end of the battery stack (7) is connected to the air outlet throttle valve (6) pipeline.

4. The fuel cell air subsystem air filter purge structure according to claim 2, characterized in that: The intercooler (3) and the air intake throttle valve (5) pipeline are connected to a first shunt pipe (14), and one end of the air outlet throttle valve (6) pipeline is connected to an air outlet pipe (18).

5. The fuel cell air subsystem air filter purge structure according to claim 2, characterized in that: The circumferential outer wall pipe of the air outlet pipe (18) is connected to a second shunt pipe (15), and the other end of the second shunt pipe (15) is connected to a bypass throttle valve (4) pipe.

6. A fuel cell air subsystem air filter purge structure according to claim 5, characterized in that: The circumferential outer wall pipe of the second shunt pipe (15) is connected to a first return pipe (16), the other end of the first return pipe (16) is connected to the other end of the purge on-off valve (9), the pipe between the air compressor (2) and the intercooler (3) is connected to a second guide pipe (13), and the pipe between the air compressor (2) and the three-way valve (8) is connected to a first guide pipe (12).

7. The fuel cell air subsystem air filter purge structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: A differential pressure sensor (20) and a particle sensor (21) are arranged in the air filter (1), and a vibration device is fixedly mounted on one side of the air filter (1).

8. The fuel cell air subsystem air filter purge structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The upper gas outlet pipe of the purge on-off valve (9) is connected to a first branch pipe (23).

9. The fuel cell air subsystem air filter purge structure according to claim 8, characterized in that: The other end of the first branch pipe (23) is connected to a heat exchanger (22), the other end of the heat exchanger (22) is connected to a second branch pipe (24), and the other end of the second branch pipe (24) is connected to the circumferential outer wall pipe of the second return pipe (17).

10. A purging method for a fuel cell air subsystem air filter purging structure based on any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that: The steps include: S1: setting the threshold value of the reading of the differential pressure sensor (20) and the threshold value of the reading of the particle sensor (21), and setting the basic purge parameters, including the purge frequency, duration, air flow pressure, etc., and setting the start conditions of the heat exchanger (22) and the working parameters of the vibration device, and finally recording the time when the system starts running; S2: reading the data of the differential pressure sensor (20) and the data of the particle sensor (21) in real time, monitoring the ambient temperature and the state of the intercooler (3) or the temperature of the heat exchanger (22), and recording the current system operation time; S3: A blockage index is established using the pressure difference and the number of particles. If the index exceeds a preset threshold and the time since the last purge exceeds the minimum purge interval, the purge demand is triggered according to the system operation time; S4: dynamically adjusting the purge frequency, duration and airflow pressure according to the blockage index, activating the heat exchanger (22) to preheat the purge airflow when the temperature of the heat exchanger (22) is higher than a preset value but lower than another preset value, and adjusting the frequency of the vibration device according to the blockage index; S5: When the purge demand is determined, the purge on-off valve (9) is opened, the air compressor (2) is started, the three-way valve (8) is controlled to the purge position, the purge operation is performed according to the adjusted purge parameters, and the vibration device is activated at the same time to vibrate according to the calculated frequency; after the purge operation is completed, when the purge time reaches the set value, the air compressor (2) and the purge on-off valve (9) are turned off, the position of the three-way valve (8) is reset so that the top air inlet is closed and the two sides are open, the vibration device is stopped, and the historical data of the air filter cleaning is updated, the timestamp of this purge is recorded, and the system operation time is reset.

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