High-efficiency dust collection and removal system in tunnel and use method of high-efficiency dust collection and removal system

Abstract

The invention relates to a high-efficiency dust collection and removal system in a tunnel and a use method thereof, belongs to the technical field of tunnel dust removal, and solves the technical problem that related dust removal equipment is poor in local targeted dust removal effect in the tunnel. The system comprises a dust collection box which is provided with a dust collection inlet and a dust collection outlet, the dust collection box is installed on an excavation trolley, and the installation position of the dust collection box on the excavation trolley is adjustable; the dust removal box is provided with a gas inlet and a gas outlet, the dust collection outlet is communicated with the gas inlet through a pipeline, the dust removal box is provided with a water sprinkling assembly, the water sprinkling assembly is located between the gas inlet and the gas outlet, and the water sprinkling assembly is used for sprinkling water containing an adsorption precipitator to gas in the dust removal box; the exhaust fan is mounted at the gas outlet; when the exhaust fan is powered on to operate, suction force is generated at the dust collection inlet so as to suck dust-containing air in. According to the system, the dust collection box can be more flexibly arranged in a region where flying dust is concentrated in the tunnel, so that dust at the part where the flying dust is concentrated is more effectively and specifically removed, and the dust removal effect is better.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of tunnel dust removal, and in particular relates to a high-efficiency dust suction and removal system in a tunnel and a use method thereof. Background Art

[0002] In the current tunnel construction, due to the use of drilling, blasting and other construction methods, it is inevitable that the tunnel is in a high dust state. If dust reduction and dust removal measures are not taken, it may cause explosions and affect the life, health and safety of personnel. At present, it is common to use ventilation fans in tunnels to achieve ventilation and dust removal. However, this method has poor ventilation effect during construction, especially it is difficult to achieve local targeted dust removal in key areas.

[0003] It has been found that the dust in the tunnel is mostly concentrated near the excavation trolley. Therefore, some dust removal equipment installed on the excavation trolley has appeared in the prior art. However, such dust removal equipment is usually fixed at a specific position of the excavation trolley, and its installation position cannot be flexibly adjusted according to actual conditions. Therefore, the effect of local targeted dust removal is also poor. Summary of the invention

[0004] The present invention provides a high-efficiency dust suction and removal system in a tunnel, which is used to solve the technical problem that the current related dust removal equipment has poor effect on local targeted dust removal in the tunnel.

[0005] The present invention is implemented by the following technical solution: a high-efficiency dust collection and removal system in a tunnel, comprising:

[0006] A dust collecting box is provided with a dust collecting inlet and a dust collecting outlet, the dust collecting box is installed on the excavation trolley, and the installation position of the dust collecting box on the excavation trolley is adjustable;

[0007] A dust removal box is provided with a gas inlet and a gas outlet, the dust collection outlet is connected to the gas inlet through a pipeline, the dust removal box is provided with a water sprinkling assembly, the water sprinkling assembly is located between the gas inlet and the gas outlet, and the water sprinkling assembly is used to sprinkle water containing an adsorption precipitant on the gas in the dust removal box;

[0008] An exhaust fan installed at the gas outlet;

[0009] When the exhaust fan is powered on, suction is generated at the dust collection inlet to suck in dust-laden air.

[0010] Further, in order to better implement the present invention, the excavation trolley has a pedal, and a bracket located below the pedal is fixedly connected to the excavation trolley;

[0011] A hook is provided on the outer wall of the dust box, and the hook is hung on the bracket. When the hook is hung at different positions on the bracket, the installation position of the dust box on the excavation trolley can be adjusted.

[0012] Furthermore, in order to better implement the present invention, the sprinkler assembly includes:

[0013] A partition plate is installed at the upper middle position of the dust removal box, the inner space of the dust removal box is divided into a water cavity located at the upper part and an air cavity located at the lower part by the partition plate, and the gas inlet and the gas outlet are respectively arranged on two opposite side walls of the air cavity;

[0014] A spray head is disposed on the bottom wall of the partition plate, the spray head is connected to the water cavity and the air cavity to spray the water in the water cavity into the air cavity;

[0015] A mud discharge port is arranged at the lower part of the cavity wall of the air cavity, and a sealing cover is installed at the mud discharge port.

[0016] Furthermore, in order to better implement the present invention, the sprinkler assembly further includes:

[0017] A water pump, installed at the lower part of the air cavity;

[0018] A water pipe, connected and arranged between the water pump and the water chamber;

[0019] The water pump is used to pump water in the air cavity to the water cavity.

[0020] Furthermore, in order to better implement the present invention, a water collecting trough is provided in the middle and lower position of the air cavity, the inlet of the water pump is connected to a water inlet pipe, the water inlet pipe extends into the water collecting trough, and the mud discharge port is located below the water collecting trough.

[0021] Furthermore, in order to better implement the present invention, the partition plate includes:

[0022] A mounting plate, fixedly mounted at the middle and upper position of the dust removal box, and the spray head is mounted on the bottom surface of the mounting plate;

[0023] Mesh plates, stacked and arranged on the top surface of the mounting plate, forming a sandwich between the mesh plates and the mounting plate;

[0024] The water filter plate is installed in the interlayer.

[0025] Furthermore, in order to better realize the present invention, the gas inlet is opened at a position close to the partition plate, and a guide plate is also installed on the cavity wall of the air cavity. The guide plate cover is arranged at the gas inlet to guide the air entering from the gas inlet to the middle of the air cavity.

[0026] Furthermore, in order to better implement the present invention, the gas outlet is opened at a position close to the partition plate, and a water baffle is installed on the cavity wall of the air cavity. The water baffle cover is arranged on the gas outlet to prevent water from entering the gas outlet.

[0027] Furthermore, in order to better implement the present invention, a gas filter plate is also installed at the gas outlet, and the gas filter plate is used to filter the air flowing from the gas outlet to the exhaust fan.

[0028] The method of use provided by the present invention uses the above-mentioned efficient dust collection and removal system in the tunnel to specifically remove dust from the dust-concentrated area in the tunnel, and the method comprises:

[0029] Identify target areas of dust concentration in the tunnel;

[0030] Installing the dust box on the excavation trolley so that the dust box is close to the target area;

[0031] Moving the dust removal box so that it is stably installed in the tunnel, and then connecting the pipeline between the dust collection outlet of the dust collection box and the gas inlet of the dust removal box;

[0032] Start the exhaust fan and the sprinkler assembly, so that the dust-containing air in the target area is sucked into the dust collecting box from the dust collecting inlet and is successively passed through the pipeline and the dust removal box and then extracted by the exhaust fan. When the air flows through the dust removal box, the sprinkler assembly sprinkles water containing an adsorbent precipitant on the gas entering the dust removal box to remove dust contained in the gas.

[0033] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0034] The high-efficiency dust suction and dust removal system in the tunnel provided by the present invention comprises a dust collecting box, a dust removal box, a watering assembly and an exhaust fan. The dust collecting box is provided with a dust collecting inlet and a dust collecting outlet, and is installed on an excavation trolley, and the installation position of the dust collecting box on the excavation trolley is adjustable. The dust removal box is provided with a gas inlet and a gas outlet, and the dust collecting outlet is connected with the gas inlet through a pipeline. The watering assembly is arranged in the dust removal box, and the watering assembly is located between the gas inlet and the gas outlet. In addition, the watering assembly is used to sprinkle water containing an adsorption precipitant on the gas in the dust removal box. The exhaust fan is installed at the gas outlet. When the exhaust fan is powered on, suction is generated at the dust collecting inlet to inhale the dust-containing air.

[0035] When in use, first determine the target area where dust is concentrated during construction in the tunnel, then install the dust collecting box on the excavation trolley and make the dust collecting box close to the target area, then move the dust collecting box so that the dust collecting box is firmly installed in the tunnel, and then connect the pipeline between the dust collecting outlet of the dust collecting box and the gas inlet of the dust collecting box, and finally start the exhaust fan and the sprinkler assembly, so that the dust-containing air in the target area is sucked into the dust collecting box from the dust collecting inlet and passes through the pipeline and the dust collecting box in turn and is extracted by the exhaust fan. When the air flows through the dust collecting box, the sprinkler assembly sprinkles water containing adsorption precipitant on the gas entering the dust collecting box to remove dust contained in the gas.

[0036] Through the above structure, the dust box of the efficient dust suction and removal system in the tunnel provided by the present invention can be flexibly installed in a suitable position of the excavation trolley, so that the dust box is closer to the target area where dust is concentrated during construction in the tunnel, so as to more specifically remove dust from the target area where dust is concentrated in the tunnel, and the dust suction and dust removal effect in the tunnel is better. Moreover, the dust contained in the air is removed by sprinkling water for dust removal. Furthermore, adsorbent precipitant is added to the water, so as to further remove dust in the air, thereby making the air coming out of the exhaust fan cleaner. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0037] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying creative work.

[0038] Figure 1 It is a schematic structural diagram of an efficient dust collection and removal system in a tunnel provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0039] Figure 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a dust collection box in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0040] Figure 3 yes Figure 2 Another perspective view of the dust box shown;

[0041] Figure 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a dust removal box in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0042] Figure 5 yes Figure 4 Another perspective view of the dust removal box shown;

[0043] Figure 6 yes Figure 4 A cross-sectional view of the dust box shown;

[0044] Figure 7yes Figure 6 A partial enlarged view of area A in .

[0045] In the figure:

[0046] 100-dust box, 110-dust inlet, 120-dust outlet, 130-hook, 200-excavation trolley, 210-pedal, 220-bracket, 300-dust removal box, 310-water chamber, 320-air chamber, 321-gas inlet, 322-gas outlet, 323-mud outlet, 330-water collecting trough, 340-guide plate, 350-water baffle, 360-gas filter plate, 400-pipeline, 500-sprinkler assembly, 510-partition plate, 511-mounting plate, 512-mesh plate, 513-water filter plate, 520-sprinkler head, 530-water pump, 540-water pipe, 600-exhaust fan. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0047] To make the purpose, technical solution and advantages of the present invention clearer, the technical solution of the present invention will be described in detail below. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other implementation methods obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work belong to the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0048] Embodiment 1:

[0049] The high-efficiency dust collection and removal system in the tunnel provided by this embodiment is as follows: Figure 1-Figure 7 As shown, it includes a dust collecting box 100, a dust removal box 300, a watering assembly 500 and an exhaust fan 600, wherein:

[0050] The dust box 100 is a box body, and a dust collection inlet 110 is provided on one side of the dust box 100, and a dust collection outlet 120 is provided on the other side thereof. The dust box 100 is installed on the excavation trolley 200, and the installation position of the dust box 100 on the excavation trolley 200 is adjustable, so that in specific use, the dust box 100 can be installed close to the target where dust is concentrated. It should be noted that during construction in the tunnel, the area where dust is concentrated is mostly located near the excavation trolley 200, because during construction in the tunnel, the excavation trolley 200 is usually located near the tunnel face, and the construction in the tunnel is usually carried out around the face. In addition, the number of dust boxes 100 installed on the excavation trolley 200 can be one or more. When the number of dust boxes 100 is multiple, the multiple dust boxes 100 are respectively connected to the above-mentioned dust removal box 300 through the above-mentioned pipeline 400. Specifically, the dust removal box 300 is provided with multiple gas inlets 321, and each gas inlet 321 is used to connect to one of the above-mentioned pipelines 400. When a gas inlet 321 is not needed, it is sealed with a cover plate.

[0051] The dust box 300 is provided with a gas inlet 321 and a gas outlet 322, and the dust collection outlet 120 is connected to the gas inlet 321 through a pipeline 400. Universal wheels are installed at the bottom of the dust box 300 to facilitate the movement of the dust box 300. It is worth noting that the dust box 300 in this embodiment is not installed on the excavation trolley 200, but installed at the rear of the excavation trolley 200, and the gas is transported through the pipeline 400, which not only ensures the reliable transportation of dusty gas, but also avoids the aggravation of dust problems or the occurrence of secondary dust generation.

[0052] The watering assembly 500 is disposed in the dust removal box 300, and the watering assembly 500 is located between the gas inlet 321 and the gas outlet 322, and the watering assembly 500 is used to sprinkle water containing an adsorption precipitant on the gas in the dust removal box 300. When the air is in the dust removal box 300, the watering assembly 500 sprinkles water into the air, and uses the water and the adsorption precipitant in the water to better remove the dust in the air, and finally makes the dust settle to the bottom of the dust removal box 300.

[0053] The exhaust fan 600 is installed at the gas outlet 322. When the exhaust fan 600 is powered on, suction is generated at the dust collection inlet 110 to draw the dust-laden air in. Of course, a power supply is also included to supply power to the exhaust fan 600.

[0054] When in use, first determine the target area where dust is concentrated during construction in the tunnel, then install the dust box 100 on the excavation trolley 200 and make the dust box 100 close to the target area, then move the dust removal box 300 so that the dust removal box 300 is firmly installed in the tunnel, and then connect the pipeline 400 between the dust collection outlet 120 of the dust collection box 100 and the gas inlet 321 of the dust removal box 300, and finally start the exhaust fan 600 and the sprinkler assembly 500, so that the dust-containing air in the target area is sucked into the dust collection box 100 from the dust collection inlet 110 and passes through the pipeline 400 and the dust removal box 300 in turn, and then is extracted by the exhaust fan 600. When the air flows through the dust removal box 300, the sprinkler assembly 500 sprinkles water containing an adsorption precipitant on the gas entering the dust removal box 300 to remove dust contained in the gas.

[0055] Through the above structure, the dust box 100 of the efficient dust collection and removal system in the tunnel provided by this embodiment can be flexibly installed at a suitable position of the excavation trolley 200, so that the dust box 100 is closer to the target area where dust is concentrated during construction in the tunnel, so as to strengthen the dust removal in the target area where dust is concentrated in the tunnel more specifically, and the dust collection and removal effect in the tunnel is better. Moreover, the dust contained in the air is removed by sprinkling water for dust removal. Furthermore, adsorbent precipitants are added to the water to further remove dust in the air, thereby making the air coming out of the exhaust fan 600 cleaner.

[0056] Optionally, in order to make the installation position of the dust box 100 on the excavation trolley 200 adjustable, in this embodiment, a bracket 220 is welded and fixed to the excavation trolley 200. Typically, the excavation trolley 200 is provided with a pedal 210, and the bracket 220 is located below the pedal 210. The bracket 220 includes two connecting rods connected to the excavation trolley 200 and a straight rod connected between the two connecting rods. A hook 130 is provided on the outer wall of the dust box 100. The hook 130 is hung on the straight rod of the bracket 220, and the hook 130 can move on the straight rod. In this way, when the hook 130 is hung at different positions on the bracket 220, the installation position of the dust box 100 on the excavation trolley 200 can be adjusted. In order to position the hook 130 on the bracket 220 , the hook 130 in this embodiment may be an elastic hook 130 , which can just be hung on the straight rod of the bracket 220 , and is positioned by means of the friction between the hook 130 and the straight rod.

[0057] Of course, a suction cup may also be provided on the outer wall of the dust box 100, and the dust box 100 may be adsorbed on the excavation trolley 200 by the suction cup. The suction cup may be a vacuum suction cup or a magnetic suction cup.

[0058] An optional implementation of this embodiment is as follows: the above-mentioned sprinkler assembly 500 includes a partition plate 510 and a sprinkler head 520, wherein:

[0059] The partition plate 510 is installed in the upper middle position of the dust removal box 300. The internal space of the dust removal box 300 is divided into a water chamber 310 located at the top and an air chamber 320 located at the bottom by the partition plate 510. The gas inlet 321 and the gas outlet 322 are respectively arranged on the two opposite side walls of the air chamber 320. The spray head 520 is arranged on the bottom wall of the partition plate 510. The spray head 520 connects the water chamber 310 and the air chamber 320 to sprinkle the water in the water chamber 310 into the air chamber 320. A mud discharge port 323 is arranged at the lower part of the cavity wall of the air chamber 320.

[0060] When in use, water containing the adsorption precipitant is placed in the water cavity 310. Under the action of gravity, the water automatically drips from the sprinkler head 520 into the air cavity 320, thereby sprinkling the water into the air in the air cavity 320 to remove dust in the air. The adsorption precipitant in the water allows the dust to settle better at the bottom of the air cavity 320. The mud discharge port 323 is provided to facilitate the discharge of the sludge settled at the bottom of the air cavity 320. When mud discharge is not required, the mud discharge port 323 is installed with a sealing cover for blocking, and when mud discharge is required, the sealing cover is removed.

[0061] Preferably, in order to reuse the water falling into the air cavity 320, the watering assembly 500 in this embodiment further includes a water pump 530 and a water pipe 540. The water pump 530 is installed at the lower part of the air cavity 320, and the water pipe 540 is connected and arranged between the water pump 530 and the water cavity 310, so that the water in the air cavity 320 is pumped into the water cavity 310 by the water pump 530, so that the water can be recycled. Of course, during use, it is necessary to add an adsorption precipitant to the water on time.

[0062] Since the sludge is deposited at the bottom of the air cavity 320, in this embodiment, a water collecting tank 330 is provided at the middle and lower position of the air cavity 320, and a water inlet pipe 540 is connected to the inlet of the water pump 530, and the water inlet pipe 540 extends into the water collecting tank 330, so that the amount of sludge pumped by the water pump 530 can be reduced. Although some sludge will also be deposited in the water tank, most of the sludge will be deposited at the bottom of the air cavity 320. The above-mentioned mud discharge port 323 is located below the water collecting tank 330, so as to facilitate mud discharge.

[0063] As another implementation of this embodiment, the above-mentioned sprinkler assembly 500 can also be a spray head installed on the side wall of the dust removal box 300. The spray head is connected to an external water source. The spray head can spray water mist into the above-mentioned dust removal box 300 to remove dust in the air with the water mist.

[0064] Optionally, the partition plate 510 includes a mounting plate 511, a mesh plate 512 and a water filter plate 513, wherein:

[0065] The mounting plate 511 can be fixedly installed in the middle and upper position of the dust removal box 300 by bolting or snapping, the spray head 520 is installed on the bottom surface of the mounting plate 511, the mesh plate 512 is stacked on the top surface of the mounting plate 511, and a sandwich is formed between the mesh plate 512 and the mounting plate 511, and the water filter plate 513 is installed in the above-mentioned sandwich.

[0066] The water pump 530 pumps the water in the air cavity 320 into the water cavity 310 through the water pipe 540. Under the action of gravity, the water in the water cavity 310 passes through the mesh plate 512 and the water filter plate 513 and is then sprayed into the air cavity 320 through the spray head 520. During this process, the water will pass through the water filter plate 513, so that the sludge in the water in the water cavity 310 will be filtered out by the water filter plate 513. It should be noted that because the water pumped into the water cavity 310 by the water pump 530 will also contain a small amount of sludge, the setting of the water filter plate 513 can filter the sludge, so that the water falling from the spray head 520 into the air cavity 320 is purer.

[0067] Optionally, the water filter plate 513 may be a plate made of conventional water filter materials such as foam. During specific use, the water filter plate 513 needs to be cleaned or replaced regularly.

[0068] An optional implementation of this embodiment is as follows: the gas inlet 321 is opened at the upper part of the gas cavity 320 and is located near the partition plate 510. A guide plate 340 is also installed on the cavity wall of the gas cavity 320. The guide plate 340 is covered by the gas inlet 321 to guide the air entering from the gas inlet 321 to the middle of the gas cavity 320. In this way, the probability of water entering the gas cavity 320 entering the gas inlet 321 is smaller, and the setting of the guide plate 340 can enable the gas entering the dust removal box 300 to pass through the middle of the gas cavity 320 so as to better contact with the spray water, thereby better removing dust from the gas.

[0069] An optional implementation of this embodiment is as follows: the above-mentioned gas outlet 322 is opened at the upper part of the air cavity 320 and is located near the partition plate 510. A water baffle 350 is also installed on the cavity wall of the air cavity 320. The water baffle 350 covers the above-mentioned gas outlet 322, thereby blocking water from entering the gas outlet 322, and then preventing water from entering the exhaust fan 600.

[0070] Preferably, a gas filter plate 360 ​​is installed at the gas outlet 322, and the gas filter plate 360 ​​is used to filter the air flowing from the gas outlet 322 to the exhaust fan 600, so that the air blown out from the exhaust fan 600 can be cleaner and water can be better prevented from entering the exhaust fan 600.

[0071] Specifically, the gas filter plate 360 ​​can be a plate made of conventional gas filter materials such as foam. During use, the gas filter plate 360 ​​needs to be cleaned or replaced on time.

[0072] Embodiment 2:

[0073] This embodiment provides a method of use, using the efficient dust collection and removal system in the tunnel provided in Example 1 to remove dust in the tunnel, especially in areas where dust is concentrated, with better dust removal effect. The method includes:

[0074] Step 1: Identify the target area of ​​dust concentration in the tunnel.

[0075] Step 2: Install the dust box 100 on the excavation trolley 200 so that the dust box 100 is close to the target area. Of course, the number of construction workers, construction progress, construction dust, and construction section tunnel geology must also be considered to determine the number of dust boxes 100 to be installed. Moreover, the number and installation position of the dust boxes 100 installed on the excavation trolley 200 can be adjusted according to the actual conditions of the construction site.

[0076] Step 3: Move the dust removal box 300 so that it is firmly installed in the tunnel, and then connect the pipeline 400 between the dust collection outlet 120 of the dust collection box and the gas inlet 321 of the dust removal box 300. The pipeline 400 can realize the closed transmission of gas.

[0077] Step 4: Start the exhaust fan 600 and the sprinkler assembly 500, so that the dust-containing air in the target area is sucked into the dust box 100 from the dust collection inlet 110 and is successively passed through the pipeline 400 and the dust removal box 300 and then extracted by the exhaust fan 600. When the air flows through the dust removal box 300, the sprinkler assembly 500 sprinkles water containing an adsorbent precipitant on the gas entering the dust removal box 300 to remove dust contained in the gas.

[0078] Through the above steps, dust in the target area where dust is concentrated during tunnel construction can be sucked out more specifically, which has a better dust removal effect in the tunnel.

[0079] The above is only a specific embodiment of the present invention, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any person skilled in the art can easily think of changes or substitutions within the technical scope of the present invention, which should be included in the protection scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention should be based on the protection scope of the claims.

Claims

1. An efficient dust collection and removal system in a tunnel, characterized in that: include: A dust collecting box (100) is provided with a dust collecting inlet (110) and a dust collecting outlet (120); the dust collecting box (100) is installed on an excavation trolley (200), and the installation position of the dust collecting box (100) on the excavation trolley (200) is adjustable; A dust removal box (300) is provided with a gas inlet (321) and a gas outlet (322); the dust collection outlet (120) is connected to the gas inlet (321) via a pipeline (400); the dust removal box (300) is provided with a water sprinkling assembly (500); the water sprinkling assembly (500) is located between the gas inlet (321) and the gas outlet (322); and the water sprinkling assembly (500) is used to sprinkle water containing an adsorption precipitant on the gas in the dust removal box (300); An exhaust fan (600) installed at the gas outlet (322); When the exhaust fan (600) is powered on and in operation, suction is generated at the dust collection inlet (110) to suck in dust-laden air.

2. The efficient dust collection and removal system in a tunnel according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The excavation trolley (200) has a pedal (210), and a bracket (220) located below the pedal (210) is fixedly connected to the excavation trolley (200); A hook (130) is provided on the outer wall of the dust box (100), and the hook (130) is hooked on the bracket (220). When the hook (130) is hung at different positions on the bracket (220), the installation position of the dust box (100) on the excavation trolley (200) can be adjusted.

3. The efficient dust collection and removal system in a tunnel according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The watering assembly (500) comprises: a partition plate (510) installed at an upper middle position of the dust removal box (300); the internal space of the dust removal box (300) is divided into a water cavity (310) located at the top and an air cavity (320) located at the bottom by the partition plate (510); the air inlet (321) and the air outlet (322) are respectively arranged on two opposite side walls of the air cavity (320); a spray head (520) disposed on the bottom wall of the partition plate (510), the spray head (520) being in communication with the water cavity (310) and the air cavity (320) so as to spray the water in the water cavity (310) into the air cavity (320); A mud discharge port (323) is provided at the lower part of the cavity wall of the air cavity (320), and a sealing cover is installed at the mud discharge port (323).

4. The efficient dust collection and removal system in a tunnel according to claim 3 is characterized in that: The watering assembly (500) further comprises: A water pump (530) installed at the lower part of the air cavity (320); A water pipe (540) is arranged to communicate between the water pump (530) and the water chamber (310); The water pump (530) is used to pump water in the air cavity (320) to the water cavity (310).

5. The efficient dust collection and removal system in a tunnel according to claim 4 is characterized in that: A water collecting trough (330) is provided at the middle and lower position of the air cavity (320); the inlet of the water pump (530) is connected to a water inlet pipe (540); the water inlet pipe (540) extends into the water collecting trough (330); and the mud discharge port (323) is located below the water collecting trough (330).

6. The efficient dust collection and removal system in a tunnel according to claim 3 is characterized in that: The partition plate (510) comprises: A mounting plate (511) is fixedly mounted at an upper middle position of the dust removal box (300), and the spray head (520) is mounted on the bottom surface of the mounting plate (511); A mesh plate (512) is stacked and arranged on the top surface of the mounting plate (511), forming a sandwich between the mesh plate (512) and the mounting plate (511); A water filter plate (513) is installed in the interlayer.

7. The efficient dust collection and removal system in a tunnel according to claim 3 is characterized in that: The gas inlet (321) is opened at a position close to the partition plate (510), and a guide plate (340) is also installed on the cavity wall of the gas cavity (320). The guide plate (340) is covered on the gas inlet (321) to guide the air entering from the gas inlet (321) to the middle of the gas cavity (320).

8. The efficient dust collection and removal system in a tunnel according to claim 7 is characterized in that: The gas outlet (322) is opened at a position close to the partition plate (510), and a water baffle (350) is also installed on the cavity wall of the gas cavity (320). The water baffle (350) covers the gas outlet (322) to prevent water from entering the gas outlet (322).

9. The efficient dust collection and removal system in a tunnel according to claim 8, characterized in that: A gas filter plate (360) is also installed at the gas outlet (322), and the gas filter plate (360) is used to filter the air flowing from the gas outlet (322) to the exhaust fan (600).

10. A method of using the efficient dust collection and removal system in a tunnel according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that: include: Identify target areas of dust concentration in the tunnel; The dust collecting box (100) is mounted on the excavation trolley (200) so that the dust collecting box (100) is close to the target area; Moving the dust removal box (300) so that the dust removal box (300) is stably installed in the tunnel, and then connecting the pipeline (400) between the dust collection outlet (120) of the dust collection box (100) and the gas inlet (321) of the dust removal box (300); The exhaust fan (600) and the watering assembly (500) are started, so that the dust-containing air in the target area is sucked into the dust collecting box (100) from the dust collecting inlet (110) and sequentially passes through the pipeline (400) and the dust removal box (300) and is then extracted through the exhaust fan (600). When the air flows through the dust removal box (300), the watering assembly (500) sprinkles water containing an adsorption precipitant on the gas entering the dust removal box (300) to remove dust contained in the gas.

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