Injectors, engines and vehicles

Abstract

This invention relates to the field of vehicle technology, specifically disclosing an injector, engine, and vehicle. The injector includes a body, an oil passage switching assembly, a needle valve assembly, and a drive assembly. The oil passage switching assembly includes a first oil valve and a first moving rod slidably connected. The first oil valve has a first pressure chamber, and the outlet of a first oil inlet passage communicates with the first pressure chamber. A first sealing part on the first moving rod is located within the first pressure chamber. The needle valve assembly has a first flat position and a second flat position spaced apart on its needle valve body, dividing the injection channel from its inlet to its outlet into a first liquid inlet section, a second liquid inlet section, and a liquid outlet section. The outlet of the first oil outlet passage communicates with the first liquid inlet section, and the outlet of the second oil outlet passage communicates with the second liquid inlet section. The drive assembly can drive the first moving rod to move, allowing the first sealing part to selectively seal either the inlet of the first oil outlet passage or the inlet of the second oil outlet passage, thereby adjusting the injection pattern of the injector.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of vehicle technology, and more particularly to an injector, engine, and vehicle. Background Technology

[0002] The injector is one of the core components of an engine, and its performance directly affects the engine's combustion efficiency and emissions levels. The main function of the injector is to inject high-pressure fuel into the cylinder in a specific pattern to meet the engine's operating requirements under different conditions. Controlling the injection pattern is one of the key technologies in injector design, as it determines parameters such as fuel injection speed, injection duration, and injection pressure, significantly influencing the engine's combustion process.

[0003] In related technologies, the injector control valve assembly includes two parallel and symmetrically arranged injection control valves. One or both control valves can be selected to operate as needed to adjust the injection quantity and change the injector's injection pattern. However, changing the injection pattern often affects other performance parameters of the injector, such as injection pressure and maximum injection speed, negatively impacting engine combustion efficiency and emissions. Furthermore, it is difficult to adjust the injection pattern during injector operation, thus limiting engine performance to some extent. Moreover, variable injection rate injectors are often complex in structure and large in size, some involving multiple interconnected components, resulting in high manufacturing costs and increasing engine manufacturing costs and overall installation difficulty. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to provide an injector, engine, and vehicle to solve the problems in related technologies where injectors require two control valves to be set up in parallel and work together, making it difficult to adjust the fuel injection pattern during the operation of the injector, and also resulting in complex structure and large size.

[0005] To achieve this objective, the present invention adopts the following technical solution:

[0006] In a first aspect, the present invention provides an injector, comprising:

[0007] The engine body is equipped with a first oil inlet passage, a first oil outlet passage, and a second oil outlet passage;

[0008] The oil passage switching assembly includes a first oil valve and a first moving rod that are slidably connected. The first oil valve has a first pressure chamber. The outlet of the first oil inlet passage is connected to the first pressure chamber. The first moving rod has a first sealing part. The first sealing part is disposed in the first pressure chamber. The inlet of the first oil outlet passage and the inlet of the second oil outlet passage can selectively communicate with the first pressure chamber through the first sealing part.

[0009] A needle valve assembly includes a needle valve body and a needle valve seat sleeved on the needle valve body. A spray channel is formed between the needle valve seat and the needle valve body. The needle valve body is provided with a first flat position and a second flat position at intervals to divide the spray channel from its inlet to its outlet into a first liquid inlet section, a second liquid inlet section and a liquid outlet section in sequence. The outlet of the first liquid outlet section is connected to the first liquid inlet section, the outlet of the second liquid outlet section is connected to the second liquid inlet section, and the liquid outlet section can communicate with the outside.

[0010] The drive component can drive the first moving rod to move.

[0011] In one embodiment, the flow area between the first flat section and the sidewall of the injection channel is smaller than the flow area between the second flat section and the sidewall of the injection channel.

[0012] In one embodiment, the injector further includes a fuel injection control assembly, the fuel injection control assembly comprising:

[0013] The second oil valve has a receiving groove. The top of the needle valve body is slidably disposed in the receiving groove. The top of the needle valve body and the side wall of the receiving groove form a first accumulator. The second oil valve has a second oil inlet and a third oil outlet. The flow area of ​​the third oil outlet is larger than the flow area of ​​the second oil inlet. The outlet of the first oil outlet is connected to the first accumulator through the second oil inlet.

[0014] The second moving rod is slidably mounted on the second oil valve and has a second sealing part. The machine body is also provided with an oil return channel. The drive assembly can drive the second moving rod to move. The third oil outlet can selectively connect with or disconnect from the oil return channel through the second sealing part.

[0015] In one embodiment, the driving component includes:

[0016] The oil passage switching drive includes a first electromagnet, a first elastic element, a first armature, and a second elastic element. The first elastic element is disposed between the first electromagnet and the first armature, and the second elastic element is disposed between the first armature and the first oil valve. The first moving rod is fixedly disposed on the first armature.

[0017] A needle valve switch drive includes a second electromagnet, a third elastic element, a second armature, and a fourth elastic element. The third elastic element is disposed between the second electromagnet and the second armature, and the fourth elastic element is disposed between the second armature and the second oil valve. The second moving rod is fixedly disposed on the second armature.

[0018] When the first electromagnet is not energized, the force of the first elastic element can overcome the force of the second elastic element, and the first sealing part blocks the inlet of the second oil outlet channel.

[0019] When the first electromagnet is energized, the magnetic attraction force of the first electromagnet on the first armature and the force of the second elastic element on the first armature can overcome the force of the first elastic element on the first armature, and the first sealing part blocks the inlet of the first oil outlet.

[0020] When the second electromagnet is not energized, the force exerted by the third elastic element on the second armature can overcome the force exerted by the fourth elastic element on the second armature, and the second sealing part blocks the third oil outlet passage;

[0021] When the second electromagnet is energized, the magnetic attraction of the second electromagnet to the second armature and the force exerted by the fourth elastic element on the second armature can overcome the force exerted by the third elastic element on the second armature, and the second sealing part moves away from the opening of the third oil outlet.

[0022] In one embodiment, a fifth elastic element is provided between the needle valve body and the second oil valve. The needle valve body has a first sealing surface, and the needle valve seat has a second sealing surface. The fifth elastic element is configured to apply a force to the needle valve body, so that the first sealing surface and the second sealing surface press against each other to seal the liquid outlet section.

[0023] In one embodiment, the first electromagnet and the second electromagnet are integrally formed, and the first electromagnet and the second electromagnet are located between the first oil valve and the second oil valve; or...

[0024] The first electromagnet and the second electromagnet are separately configured, and the first electromagnet and the second electromagnet are located between the first oil valve and the second oil valve, or the first oil valve is located between the first electromagnet and the second electromagnet.

[0025] In one embodiment, the body includes:

[0026] A first base body is provided with a first groove, and the oil passage switching component is disposed in the first groove. A lift adjustment ring is provided between the first base body and the first electromagnet. The lift adjustment ring can adjust the distance between the first electromagnet and the first base body to adjust the movement lift of the first moving rod.

[0027] The second seat is detachably connected to the first seat. The second seat is provided with a second groove and an oil delivery channel that are connected to each other. The oil injection control component is disposed in the second groove. The needle valve seat is detachably connected to the bottom of the second seat. The needle valve body passes through the oil delivery channel and the injection channel. The first liquid inlet section and the outlet of the first oil outlet section of the injection channel are both connected to the oil delivery channel.

[0028] In one embodiment, the second oil valve includes a second control valve seat and a valve sleeve. The valve sleeve has a fixed part and a connecting part connected to each other. The fourth elastic member can press and fix the second control valve seat and the fixed part against the bottom of the second groove. The connecting part extends into the oil delivery channel. The receiving groove and the first accumulator are disposed on the connecting part. The connecting part is connected to the needle valve body through the receiving groove.

[0029] The second control valve seat and the valve sleeve are provided with a movable cavity. The second oil inlet is provided on the side of the fixed part. The oil delivery channel is connected to the first accumulator through the second oil inlet. The first accumulator is connected to the movable cavity through the third oil outlet. The second moving rod is slidably connected to the second control valve seat. The second sealing part extends into the movable cavity to block or open the third oil outlet. The fixed part is provided with a return oil delivery hole. The movable cavity is connected to the return oil channel through the return oil delivery hole.

[0030] In one embodiment, the first oil valve includes a first control valve seat, a first oil inlet valve seat, and a second oil inlet valve seat. The first control valve seat is threadedly connected to the groove wall of the first groove to press and fix the first oil inlet valve seat and the second oil inlet valve seat to the bottom of the first groove.

[0031] The first pressure chamber is disposed between the first oil inlet valve seat and the second oil inlet valve seat. The first oil inlet valve is provided with a second pressure chamber. The inlet of the first oil outlet passage is connected to the first pressure chamber through the second pressure chamber. A third sealing surface is provided at the inlet of the second pressure chamber. A fourth sealing surface is provided at the inlet of the second oil outlet passage. The third sealing surface and the fourth sealing surface are spaced apart on the moving path of the first sealing part. The first sealing part is a sealing ball structure. The surface of the first sealing part can abut and seal with the third sealing surface or the fourth sealing surface.

[0032] In one embodiment, the needle valve seat is provided with a second accumulator chamber, and the outlet of the second oil outlet is connected to the second inlet section through the second accumulator chamber; and / or,

[0033] The clearance fit between the side wall of the needle valve body and the groove wall of the receiving groove is 0.005 mm to 0.012 mm; and / or,

[0034] The side wall of the needle valve body and the inner wall of the liquid outlet section of the needle valve seat are fitted with a clearance, and the clearance between the side wall of the needle valve body and the inner wall of the liquid outlet section of the needle valve seat is 0.003 mm to 0.010 mm.

[0035] Secondly, the present invention provides an engine, including an engine body and an injector as described in any of the above embodiments.

[0036] Thirdly, the present invention provides a vehicle, including a vehicle body and an engine as described in any of the above embodiments, wherein the engine is mounted on the vehicle body.

[0037] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows:

[0038] The injector, engine, and vehicle provided by this invention allow for injection rate switching by having a first and a second oil outlet on the engine body that cooperate with a first and a second flat position on the needle valve body. The flow areas of the second inlet and outlet sections are different from those of the first, second, and outlet sections, thus forming two different paths for selective injection. The switching can be achieved by adjusting the position of the first moving rod during injector operation, thereby switching the flow-limiting effectiveness of the first and second flat positions and adjusting the injection pattern. This allows for variable injection patterns without altering other injector performance parameters such as injection pressure and injection speed, positively impacting engine combustion efficiency and emissions. Furthermore, compared to related technologies where two injection control valves are arranged side-by-side and symmetrically, the injector in this embodiment has a simpler structure, reducing manufacturing costs and consequently lowering engine manufacturing costs and layout complexity. Attached Figure Description

[0039] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the injector structure in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0040] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the injector when the first oil outlet passage is open in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0041] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the injector when the second oil outlet passage is open in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0042] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the oil passage switching assembly on the first base body in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0043] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the fuel injection control component on the second seat and needle valve assembly in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0044] In the picture:

[0045] 1. Organism;

[0046] 11. First oil inlet passage; 12. First oil outlet passage; 13. Second oil outlet passage; 14. Return oil passage;

[0047] 15. First seat; 151. First groove;

[0048] 16. Second seat; 161. Second groove; 162. Oil delivery channel;

[0049] 17. Lift adjustment ring;

[0050] 2. Oil passage switching component;

[0051] 21. First oil valve; 211. First pressure chamber; 212. First control valve seat; 213. First oil inlet valve seat; 2131. Fourth sealing surface; 214. Second oil inlet valve seat; 2141. Second pressure chamber; 2142. Third sealing surface;

[0052] 22. First moving rod; 221. First sealing part;

[0053] 3. Needle valve assembly;

[0054] 31. Needle valve body; 311. First sealing surface;

[0055] 32. Needle valve seat; 321. Second sealing surface; 322. Second accumulator chamber;

[0056] 33. Injection channel; 331. First inlet section; 332. Second inlet section; 333. Outlet section;

[0057] 34. First flat position; 35. Second flat position;

[0058] 4. Driver components;

[0059] 41. Oil channel switching drive component; 411. First electromagnet; 412. First elastic element; 413. First armature; 414. Second elastic element;

[0060] 42. Needle valve switch drive component; 421. Second electromagnet; 422. Third elastic element; 423. Second armature; 424. Fourth elastic element;

[0061] 5. Fuel injection control components;

[0062] 51. Second oil valve; 511. Receiving groove; 512. First accumulator chamber; 513. Second oil inlet passage; 514. Third oil outlet passage; 515. Second control valve seat; 516. Valve sleeve; 5161. Fixing part; 5162. Connecting part; 517. Movable chamber; 518. Oil return and supply hole;

[0063] 52. Second moving rod; 521. Second sealing part; 53. Fifth elastic element. Detailed Implementation

[0064] The present invention will now be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and not intended to limit it. Furthermore, it should be noted that, for ease of description, the accompanying drawings show only the parts relevant to the present invention, and not all of the structures.

[0065] In the description of this invention, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "connected," "linked," and "fixed" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral part; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; they can refer to the internal communication of two components or the interaction between two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention based on the specific circumstances.

[0066] In this invention, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, "above" or "below" the second feature can include direct contact between the first and second features, or contact between the first and second features through another feature between them. Furthermore, "above," "over," and "on top" of the second feature includes the first feature directly above or diagonally above the second feature, or simply indicates that the first feature is at a higher horizontal level than the second feature. "Below," "below," and "under" the second feature includes the first feature directly below or diagonally below the second feature, or simply indicates that the first feature is at a lower horizontal level than the second feature.

[0067] In the description of this embodiment, the terms "upper," "lower," "left," and "right," etc., refer to the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are used only for ease of description and simplification of operation, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on the present invention. In addition, the terms "first" and "second" are used only for distinction in description and have no special meaning.

[0068] like Figures 1 to 3As shown, an embodiment of the first aspect of the present invention provides an injector, which includes a body 1, an oil passage switching assembly 2, a needle valve assembly 3 and a drive assembly 4. The body 1 is provided with a first oil inlet 11, a first oil outlet 12 and a second oil outlet 13. The first oil inlet 11 can be connected to an external high-pressure oil storage device or a high-pressure oil compression device for supplying high-pressure oil input. The oil channel switching assembly 2 includes a first oil valve 21 and a first moving rod 22 that are slidably connected. The first oil valve 21 is provided with a first pressure chamber 211. The outlet of the first oil inlet 11 is connected to the first pressure chamber 211. The first moving rod 22 has a first sealing part 221, which is disposed in the first pressure chamber 211. The inlet of the first oil outlet 12 and the inlet of the second oil outlet 13 can be selectively connected to or blocked by the first pressure chamber 211 through the first sealing part 221. That is, the first sealing part 221 can move synchronously with the first moving rod 22. The first sealing part 221 can move to the inlet of the first oil outlet 12 to block the first oil outlet 12. At this time, the first oil outlet 12 is not connected to the first pressure chamber 211. The first oil inlet 11 can be connected to the second oil outlet 13 through the first pressure chamber 211, and the high-pressure oil flows out from the second oil outlet 13. The first sealing part 221 can move to the inlet of the second oil outlet 13 to block the second oil outlet 13. At this time, the second oil outlet 13 is not connected to the first pressure chamber 211. The first oil inlet 11 can be connected to the first oil outlet 12 through the first pressure chamber 211, and the high-pressure oil flows out from the first oil outlet 12.

[0069] The needle valve assembly 3 includes a needle valve body 31 and a needle valve seat 32. The needle valve seat 32 is sleeved on the outside of the needle valve body 31, and there is a gap between the needle valve seat 32 and the needle valve body 31 to form a spray channel 33. The needle valve body 31 is provided with a first flat part 34 and a second flat part 35 at intervals to divide the spray channel 33 from its inlet to its outlet into a first liquid inlet section 331, a second liquid inlet section 332 and a liquid outlet section 333 in sequence. The first flat part 34 and the second flat part 35 can be a protruding structure that protrudes radially outward toward the needle valve body 31. The protruding structure can be continuously surrounded around the circumference of the needle valve body 31, for example, an annular flange structure. Alternatively, the protruding structure can also be intermittently arranged in the circumference of the needle valve body 31, for example, multiple protrusion structures arranged at intervals. The outlet of the first oil outlet 12 is connected to the first liquid inlet section 331, and the liquid outlet section 333 is connected to the outside, so that the first flat section 34 can limit the flow. The high-pressure oil in the first oil outlet 12 can be sprayed to the outside after passing through the first liquid inlet section 331, the second liquid inlet section 332, and the liquid outlet section 333. The outlet of the second oil outlet 13 is connected to the second liquid inlet section 332, so that the second flat section 35 can limit the flow. The high-pressure oil in the second oil outlet 13 can be sprayed to the outside after passing through the second liquid inlet section 332 and the liquid outlet section 333.

[0070] The drive assembly 4 can drive the first moving rod 22 to move, thereby switching the sealing position of the first sealing part 221, so that the first sealing part 221 can selectively seal the inlet of the first oil outlet 12 or the inlet of the second oil outlet 13. The drive assembly 4 can be, but is not limited to, an electromagnetic structure, a cylinder structure, a hydraulic cylinder structure, or an electric telescopic rod structure, as long as it can drive the first moving rod 22 to move.

[0071] With this configuration, the injector in this embodiment switches the injection rate by providing a first oil outlet 12 and a second oil outlet 13 on the body 1, which cooperate with the first flat position 34 and the second flat position 35 on the needle valve body 31. When the drive assembly 4 drives the first moving rod 22 to move to the first sealing part 221 to block the inlet of the first oil outlet 12, the first oil outlet 12 is not connected to the first pressure chamber 211. The first oil inlet 11 can be connected to the second oil outlet 13 through the first pressure chamber 211. The high-pressure oil flows out from the second oil outlet 13 to the second liquid inlet section 332, so that the second flat position 35 plays a flow limiting role. The high-pressure oil in the second oil outlet 13 can be sprayed out to the outside after passing through the second liquid inlet section 332 and the liquid outlet section 333.

[0072] When the drive assembly 4 moves the first moving rod 22 to the first sealing part 221 to block the inlet of the second oil outlet 13, the second oil outlet 13 is not connected to the first pressure chamber 211. The first oil inlet 11 can be connected to the first oil outlet 12 through the first pressure chamber 211. High-pressure oil flows out from the first oil outlet 12 to the first liquid inlet section 331, so that the first flat position 34 plays a flow-limiting role. The high-pressure oil in the first oil outlet 12 can be sprayed to the outside after passing through the first liquid inlet section 331, the second liquid inlet section 332 and the liquid outlet section 333. The flow area of ​​the second liquid inlet section 332 and the liquid outlet section 333 is different from that of the first liquid inlet section 331, the second liquid inlet section 332 and the liquid outlet section 333, thus forming two different paths for selective switching of spray. During the operation of the injector, the first moving rod 22 can be adjusted to block the inlet of the second oil outlet 13. The position of lever 22 is switched to switch the flow-limiting effectiveness of the first flat position 34 and the second flat position 35, thereby adjusting the injection pattern of the injector, such as the opening and closing rates of the injection, to achieve a variable injection pattern. This variable injection pattern can be achieved without changing other injector performance such as injection pressure and injection speed, which has a positive impact on the combustion efficiency and emission levels of the engine. Moreover, compared with the case of two injection control valves arranged in parallel and symmetrically in related technologies, the injector structure in this embodiment is simple, reducing the manufacturing cost of the injector, thereby reducing the manufacturing cost and layout difficulty of the engine. It solves the problems of related technologies where the injector requires two control valves to be arranged in parallel to work together, making it difficult to adjust the injection pattern during the operation of the injector, and the structure is complex and large in size.

[0073] like Figures 1 to 3 As shown, in some embodiments, the flow area between the first flat section 34 and the sidewall of the injection channel 33 is smaller than the flow area between the second flat section 35 and the sidewall of the injection channel 33. This can increase the difference between the flow area of ​​the second inlet section 332 and the outlet section 333 and the flow area of ​​the first inlet section 331, the second inlet section 332 and the outlet section 333. The injection rate when the first flat section 34 restricts flow can be significantly smaller than the injection rate when the second flat section 35 restricts flow.

[0074] like Figure 1 and Figure 5 As shown, in some embodiments, the injector further includes an injection control assembly 5, which includes a second oil valve 51 and a second moving rod 52. The second oil valve 51 is provided with a receiving groove 511, and the top of the needle valve body 31 is slidably disposed in the receiving groove 511. The receiving groove 511 can guide the needle valve body 31 to move axially. The top of the needle valve body 31 and the side wall of the receiving groove 511 form a first accumulator 512, which can hold a certain volume of high-pressure oil. The second oil valve 51 has a second oil inlet 513 and a third oil outlet 514. The flow area of ​​the third oil outlet 514 is larger than the flow area of ​​the second oil inlet 513. The outlet of the first oil outlet 12 is connected to the first accumulator 512 through the second oil inlet 513, that is, the high-pressure oil in the first oil outlet 12 can partially enter the first accumulator 512 through the second oil inlet 513.

[0075] The second moving rod 52 is slidably mounted on the second oil valve 51, which guides the movement of the second moving rod 52 to reduce swaying. The second moving rod 52 has a second sealing part 521, and the machine body 1 is also provided with an oil return channel 14, which can be connected to external filtration equipment or oil storage equipment. The drive assembly 4 can drive the second moving rod 52 to move, and the third oil outlet 514 can be selectively connected to or disconnected from the oil return channel 14 through the second sealing part 521. That is, the drive assembly 4 drives the second moving rod 52 to move, and the second sealing part 521 can selectively open or block the third oil outlet 514.

[0076] With this configuration, when the injector is closed and not in operation, the second sealing part 521 of the second moving rod 52 blocks the outlet of the third oil passage 514, and the first accumulator 512 is filled with oil, forming a certain oil pressure, which can apply a certain pressure to the needle valve body 31. Under the action of the oil pressure of the first accumulator 512, or under the combined action of the oil pressure of the first accumulator 512 and the elastic force of the fifth elastic element 53, the needle valve body 31 can abut against the needle valve seat 32 to maintain a seal and prevent oil from spraying out. When the injector needs to operate, the drive assembly 4 drives the second moving rod 52 to slide, causing the second sealing part 521 to move away from opening the third oil outlet 514. The oil flow rate of the third oil outlet 514 is greater than the oil inlet flow rate, reducing the oil pressure in the first accumulator chamber 512 and decreasing the force on the needle valve body 31. Under the pressure difference between its upper and lower ends, the needle valve body 31 slides towards the receiving groove 511, and the liquid outlet section 333 between the needle valve body 31 and the needle valve seat 32 is connected, allowing high-pressure oil to be sprayed out to the outside. By driving the second moving rod 52 of the oil injection control assembly 5 to move, the drive assembly 4 can either open or reduce the force on the needle valve body 31 through the second oil valve 51, causing the needle valve body 31 to move relative to the needle valve seat 32, thereby realizing the spraying or shutting off of high-pressure oil and flexibly switching the working state of the injector.

[0077] like Figure 1 and Figure 4As shown, in some embodiments, the drive assembly 4 includes an oil passage switching drive 41 and a needle valve switch drive 42. The oil passage switching drive 41 includes a first electromagnet 411, a first elastic element 412, a first armature 413, and a second elastic element 414. The first elastic element 412 is disposed between the first electromagnet 411 and the first armature 413, and the second elastic element 414 is disposed between the first armature 413 and the first oil valve 21. The first moving rod 22 is fixedly disposed on the first armature 413. When the first electromagnet 411 is not energized, the force of the first elastic element 412 can overcome the force of the second elastic element 414. The force of 14, the preload of the first elastic element 412 is greater than the preload of the second elastic element 414, so that the first sealing part 221 of the first moving rod 22 blocks the inlet of the second oil outlet channel, the second oil outlet channel 13 is not connected to the first pressure chamber 211, the first oil inlet channel 11 can be connected to the first oil outlet channel 12 through the first pressure chamber 211, the high pressure oil flows out from the first oil outlet channel 12 to the first liquid inlet section 331, so that the first flat position 34 plays a flow limiting role, and the high pressure oil of the first oil outlet channel 12 can be sprayed out to the outside after passing through the first liquid inlet section 331, the second liquid inlet section 332 and the liquid outlet section 333. When the first electromagnet 411 is energized, the magnetic attraction of the first electromagnet 411 to the first armature 413 and the force of the second elastic element 414 to the first armature 413 can overcome the force of the first elastic element 412 to the first armature 413, so that the first moving rod 22 can move. The first sealing part 221 can block the inlet of the first oil outlet 12. The first oil outlet 12 is not connected to the first pressure chamber 211. The first oil inlet 11 can be connected to the second oil outlet 13 through the first pressure chamber 211. The high-pressure oil flows out from the second oil outlet 13 to the second liquid inlet section 332, so that the second flat position 35 plays a flow limiting role. The high-pressure oil in the second oil outlet 13 can be sprayed out to the outside after passing through the second liquid inlet section 332 and the liquid outlet section 333.

[0078] The needle valve switch drive unit 42 includes a second electromagnet 421, a third elastic element 422, a second armature 423, and a fourth elastic element 424. The third elastic element 422 is disposed between the second electromagnet 421 and the second armature 423, and the fourth elastic element 424 is disposed between the second armature 423 and the second oil valve 51. The second moving rod 52 is fixedly disposed on the second armature 423. When the second electromagnet 421 is not energized, the force exerted by the third elastic element 422 on the second armature 423 can overcome the force exerted by the fourth elastic element 424 on the second armature 423. The preload of the third elastic element 422 is greater than the preload of the fourth elastic element 424, so that the second sealing part 521 of the second moving rod 52 blocks the third oil outlet 514, and the third oil outlet 514 is not connected to the return oil channel 14. When the second electromagnet 421 is energized, the magnetic attraction of the second electromagnet 421 to the second armature 423 and the force of the fourth elastic element 424 to the second armature 423 can overcome the force of the third elastic element 422 to the second armature 423, so that the second sealing part 521 of the second moving rod 52 moves away from the third oil outlet 514, the oil flow rate of the third oil outlet 514 is greater than the oil inlet, the oil pressure in the first accumulator 512 decreases, the pressure in the first accumulator 512 decreases, the force of the oil in the first accumulator 512 on the needle valve body 31 is less than the force of the oil between the needle valve body 31 and the machine body 1 on the needle valve body 31, so that the needle valve body 31 moves relative to the needle valve seat 32 to open the liquid outlet section 333, and the high-pressure oil can be sprayed out.

[0079] In this embodiment, the first elastic element 412, the second elastic element 414, the third elastic element 422 and the fourth elastic element 424 can be, but are not limited to, springs or elastic material tubes, as long as they can undergo elastic deformation to apply elastic force.

[0080] like Figure 1 and Figure 5 As shown, in some embodiments, a fifth elastic element 53 is provided between the needle valve body 31 and the second oil valve 51. The needle valve body 31 has a first sealing surface 311, and the needle valve seat 32 has a second sealing surface 321. The fifth elastic element 53 is configured to apply a force to the needle valve body 31, so that the first sealing surface 311 and the second sealing surface 321 press against each other to seal the liquid outlet section 333. Under the pre-tightening force of the fifth elastic element 53 and the oil pressure of the first accumulator chamber 512, the needle valve body 31 can overcome the oil pressure force in the oil delivery channel 162, and the first sealing surface 311 and the second sealing surface 321 abut against each other to seal. When the second electromagnet 421 is energized, the oil pressure in the first accumulator chamber 512 decreases, and the oil pressure in the oil delivery channel 162 can overcome the preload force of the fifth elastic element 53 and the oil pressure force of the first accumulator chamber 512. The needle valve body 31 can move relative to the needle valve seat 32, and the first sealing surface 311 and the second sealing surface 321 separate to open the oil injection.

[0081] In this embodiment, the first sealing surface 311 and the second sealing surface 321 can be an annular conical surface or a stepped plane, as long as the distance can be changed to achieve the conduction or cutoff of high-pressure oil. The first sealing surface 311 and the second sealing surface 321 can be set in the liquid outlet section 333 of the injection channel 33, or they can be set in other positions between the needle valve body 31 and the needle valve seat 32 as needed, as long as they can achieve the conduction or cutoff of high-pressure oil.

[0082] The fifth elastic element 53 may be, but is not limited to, a spring or a tube made of elastic material. The two ends of the fifth elastic element 53 may be fixedly connected to the needle valve body 31 and the second oil valve 51 respectively. Alternatively, the needle valve body 31 may be provided with a clamping part such as a flange or a retaining ring. When the needle valve body 31 is installed in the receiving groove 511, the fifth elastic element 53 may be clamped between the clamping part and the second oil valve 51.

[0083] like Figure 1 and Figure 5 As shown, in some embodiments, the first electromagnet 411 and the second electromagnet 421 are separately arranged. The first electromagnet 411 and the second electromagnet 421 are located between the first oil valve 21 and the second oil valve 51, or the first oil valve 21 is located between the first electromagnet 411 and the second electromagnet 421. That is, the first electromagnet 411 and the second electromagnet 421 are two independently arranged electromagnet structures. Their positions can be close to or far from each other, which reduces the requirements for installation space, helps to reduce the overall size of the injector, and facilitates the overall layout of the engine.

[0084] Alternatively, the first electromagnet 411 and the second electromagnet 421 can be integrally formed, with the first electromagnet 411 and the second electromagnet 421 located between the first oil valve 21 and the second oil valve 51. That is, the first electromagnet 411 and the second electromagnet 421 can be designed as the same electromagnet structure. This electromagnet structure is provided with two independent circuits that can be set in opposite directions. When the two circuits are energized, the movement of the first moving rod 22 and the second moving rod 52 can be adjusted respectively. Alternatively, a circuit can also be arranged on the magnet structure. By applying different response currents to this circuit, magnetic attraction forces in different directions can be generated, which can adjust the movement of the first moving rod 22 and the second moving rod 52 respectively. This can reduce the overall volume of the first electromagnet 411 and the second electromagnet 421, simplify the injector structure, reduce costs, and reduce space occupation.

[0085] like Figure 1 as well as Figures 4 to 5As shown, in some embodiments, the body 1 includes a first seat 15 and a second seat 16. A first groove 151 is provided on the first seat 15, and the oil passage switching component 2 is disposed in the first groove 151. The first groove 151 can provide a space for the oil passage switching component 2. A lift adjustment ring 17 is provided between the first base 15 and the first electromagnet 411. The lift adjustment ring 17 can adjust the distance between the first electromagnet 411 and the first base 15 to adjust the lifting stroke of the first moving rod 22, reducing the situation of the first moving rod over-displacement or under-displacement. That is, the lift adjustment ring 17 can be clamped between the first base 15 and the first electromagnet 411 to separate the first electromagnet 411 from the first base 15. Optionally, the lift adjustment ring 17 can be threaded to the first base 15. The lift adjustment ring 17 can be rotated to different positions relative to the first base 15. Alternatively, the lift adjustment ring 17 can be a telescopic tube, a cylinder or a hydraulic cylinder structure. Alternatively, the lift adjustment ring 17 can also be provided with multiple ring plates. By installing different numbers of ring plates, different heights can be achieved, so that the first electromagnet 411 can be separated from the first base 15 to different distances.

[0086] The second seat 16 is detachably connected to the first seat 15, and the connection can be, but is not limited to, bolted, snap-fit, adhesive, or magnetic connection. The second seat 16 has a communicating second groove 161 and an oil supply channel 162. The oil injection control assembly 5 is disposed within the second groove 161, which provides installation space for the oil injection control assembly 5. The needle valve seat 32 is detachably connected to the bottom of the second seat 16, and the connection can be, but is not limited to, snap-fit, bolted, adhesive, or magnetic connection. The needle valve body 31 is installed in the oil delivery channel 162 and the injection channel 33. The first inlet section 331 and the outlet of the first outlet channel 12 of the injection channel 33 are both connected to the oil delivery channel 162. The high-pressure oil flowing out of the outlet of the first outlet channel 12 can first enter and fill the oil delivery channel 162 before flowing out to the first inlet section 331. When the second electromagnet 421 is energized, the oil pressure in the first accumulator 512 decreases. The force of the oil in the oil delivery channel 162 on the needle valve body 31 can overcome the force of the oil in the first accumulator 512 on the needle valve body 31 and the force of the fifth elastic element 53 on the needle valve body 31, so as to push the needle valve body 31 to move relative to the needle valve seat 32 to open the outlet section 333. The oil delivery channel 162 is convenient to be filled with high-pressure oil.

[0087] like Figure 1 as well as Figures 4 to 5As shown, in some embodiments, the second oil valve 51 includes a second control valve seat 515 and a valve sleeve 516. The valve sleeve 516 has a fixed portion 5161 and a connecting portion 5162 connected to each other. The fourth elastic member 424 can press and fix the second control valve seat 515 and the fixed portion 5161 against the bottom of the second groove 161 to reduce the displacement of the second oil valve 51. The connecting portion 5162 extends into the oil delivery channel 162. The receiving groove 511 and the first accumulator chamber 512 are disposed on the connecting portion 5162. The connecting portion 5162 is connected to the needle valve body 31 through the receiving groove 511. The connecting portion 5162 can be sleeved on the outside of the needle valve body 31 through the receiving groove 511.

[0088] A movable cavity 517 is provided between the second control valve seat 515 and the valve sleeve 516. The second oil inlet 513 is located on the side of the fixed part 5161. The oil delivery channel 162 is connected to the first accumulator 512 through the second oil inlet 513. The first accumulator 512 is connected to the movable cavity 517 through the third oil outlet 514. The second moving rod 52 is slidably connected to the second control valve seat 515. The second control valve can guide the second moving rod 52 to slide. The second sealing part 521 extends into the movable cavity 517 to block or open the third oil outlet 514. The second sealing part 521 can be, but is not limited to, a sealing ball structure. The oil outlet of the third oil outlet 514 is provided with a sealing surface such as a conical surface or a spherical groove. The surface of the sealing ball structure abuts against the sealing surface to achieve a seal. The fixed part 5161 is provided with an oil return and supply hole 518. The movable cavity 517 is connected to the oil return channel 14 through the oil return and supply hole 518. That is, after the second sealing part 521 opens the third oil outlet channel 514, the oil in the movable cavity 517 flows out sequentially through the third oil outlet channel, the oil return and supply hole 518 and the oil return channel 14.

[0089] like Figure 1 as well as Figures 4 to 5 As shown, in some embodiments, the first oil valve 21 includes a first control valve seat 212, a first oil inlet valve seat 213, and a second oil inlet valve seat 214. The first control valve seat 212 is threadedly connected to the groove wall of the first groove 151 to press and fix the first oil inlet valve seat 213 and the second oil inlet valve seat 214 to the bottom of the first groove 151, thereby fixing the first oil valve 21 to the first seat body 15.

[0090] The first pressure chamber 211 is located between the first oil inlet valve seat 213 and the second oil inlet valve seat 214. The first oil inlet valve is provided with a second pressure chamber 2141. The inlet of the first oil outlet passage 12 is connected to the first pressure chamber 211 through the second pressure chamber 2141. A third sealing surface 2142 is provided at the inlet of the second pressure chamber 2141, and a fourth sealing surface 2131 is provided at the inlet of the second oil outlet passage 13. The third sealing surface 2142 and the fourth sealing surface 2131 are spaced apart on the moving path of the first sealing part 221. The first sealing part 221 is a sealing ball structure. The surface of the first sealing part 221 can abut and seal with the third sealing surface 2142 or the fourth sealing surface 2131. With this configuration, the first sealing part 221 can more accurately open or close the first oil outlet passage and the second oil outlet passage by performing a surface seal with the third sealing surface 2142 or the fourth sealing surface 2131. Furthermore, the inlet of the first oil outlet 12 is connected to the first pressure chamber 211 through the second pressure chamber 2141. Since the first moving rod 22 drives the first sealing part 221 to move and achieve sealing, the inlet of the first oil outlet 12 and the inlet of the second oil outlet 13 are set on the front and rear movement path of the first sealing part 221. Compared with the oil passage gap between the first moving rod 22 and the first oil valve 21, by setting the second pressure chamber 2141, when the inlet of the first oil outlet 12 is opened, the first pressure chamber 211 and the second pressure chamber 2141 are connected. The first moving rod 22 can be inserted into the position of the second pressure chamber 2141. The second pressure chamber 2141 can increase the oil storage space, so that the oil in the first pressure chamber 211 can enter the first oil outlet 12 in sufficient quantity and quickly.

[0091] like Figure 1 as well as Figures 4 to 5 As shown, in some embodiments, a second accumulator 322 is provided on the needle valve seat 32. The outlet of the second oil outlet 13 is connected to the second liquid inlet section 332 through the second accumulator 322. The second accumulator 322 can increase the oil storage space of the second oil outlet 13 at the position of the second liquid inlet section 332, so that the oil in the second oil outlet 13 can be continuously and sufficiently sprayed out through the second liquid inlet section 332 and the liquid outlet section 333.

[0092] In addition, the clearance fit between the side wall of the needle valve body 31 and the groove wall of the receiving groove 511 is 0.005 mm to 0.012 mm. This not only allows the needle valve body 31 to slide smoothly in the receiving groove 511 and guides the needle valve body 31, but also reduces the impact on the oil pressure in the first accumulator chamber 512.

[0093] The side wall of the needle valve body 31 and the inner wall of the liquid outlet section 333 of the needle valve seat 32 are in clearance fit. The clearance between the side wall of the needle valve body 31 and the inner wall of the liquid outlet section 333 of the needle valve seat 32 is 0.003 mm to 0.010 mm, which allows the needle valve body 31 to slide smoothly on the needle valve seat 32 and guides the needle valve body 31.

[0094] An embodiment of the second aspect of the present invention provides an engine, including an engine body and an injector as described in any of the above embodiments. During engine operation, the injection rate of the injector can be switched as needed, which improves the engine's operating performance such as combustion efficiency or emission levels, and also reduces the engine's manufacturing cost and overall installation difficulty.

[0095] Since it includes the injector described above, the engine of this embodiment of the invention has all the advantages and beneficial effects of the above embodiments, which will not be repeated here.

[0096] A third aspect of the present invention provides a vehicle, including a vehicle body and an engine as described in any of the above embodiments, the engine being mounted on the vehicle body.

[0097] Since the vehicle of this embodiment includes the engine described above, it has all the advantages and beneficial effects of the above embodiments, which will not be repeated here.

[0098] Obviously, the above embodiments of the present invention are merely examples for clearly illustrating the present invention, and are not intended to limit the implementation of the present invention. Those skilled in the art will be able to make various obvious changes, readjustments, and substitutions without departing from the scope of protection of the present invention. It is neither necessary nor possible to exhaustively describe all embodiments here. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. An injector, characterized in that, include: The engine body is equipped with a first oil inlet passage, a first oil outlet passage, and a second oil outlet passage; The oil passage switching assembly includes a first oil valve and a first moving rod that are slidably connected. The first oil valve has a first pressure chamber. The outlet of the first oil inlet passage is connected to the first pressure chamber. The first moving rod has a first sealing part. The first sealing part is disposed in the first pressure chamber. The inlet of the first oil outlet passage and the inlet of the second oil outlet passage can selectively communicate with the first pressure chamber through the first sealing part. A needle valve assembly includes a needle valve body and a needle valve seat sleeved on the needle valve body. A spray channel is formed between the needle valve seat and the needle valve body. The needle valve body is provided with a first flat position and a second flat position at intervals to divide the spray channel from its inlet to its outlet into a first liquid inlet section, a second liquid inlet section and a liquid outlet section in sequence. The outlet of the first liquid outlet section is connected to the first liquid inlet section, the outlet of the second liquid outlet section is connected to the second liquid inlet section, and the liquid outlet section can communicate with the outside. The drive component can drive the first moving rod to move.

2. The injector according to claim 1, characterized in that, The flow area between the first flat section and the sidewall of the injection channel is smaller than the flow area between the second flat section and the sidewall of the injection channel.

3. The injector according to claim 1, characterized in that, The injector further includes a fuel injection control assembly, the fuel injection control assembly comprising: The second oil valve has a receiving groove. The top of the needle valve body is slidably disposed in the receiving groove. The top of the needle valve body and the side wall of the receiving groove form a first accumulator. The second oil valve has a second oil inlet and a third oil outlet. The flow area of ​​the third oil outlet is larger than the flow area of ​​the second oil inlet. The outlet of the first oil outlet is connected to the first accumulator through the second oil inlet. The second moving rod is slidably mounted on the second oil valve and has a second sealing part. The machine body is also provided with an oil return channel. The drive assembly can drive the second moving rod to move. The third oil outlet can selectively connect with or disconnect from the oil return channel through the second sealing part.

4. The injector according to claim 3, characterized in that, The driving component includes: The oil passage switching drive includes a first electromagnet, a first elastic element, a first armature, and a second elastic element. The first elastic element is disposed between the first electromagnet and the first armature, and the second elastic element is disposed between the first armature and the first oil valve. The first moving rod is fixedly disposed on the first armature. A needle valve switch drive includes a second electromagnet, a third elastic element, a second armature, and a fourth elastic element. The third elastic element is disposed between the second electromagnet and the second armature, and the fourth elastic element is disposed between the second armature and the second oil valve. The second moving rod is fixedly disposed on the second armature. When the first electromagnet is not energized, the force of the first elastic element can overcome the force of the second elastic element, and the first sealing part blocks the inlet of the second oil outlet. When the first electromagnet is energized, the magnetic attraction force of the first electromagnet on the first armature and the force of the second elastic element on the first armature can overcome the force of the first elastic element on the first armature, and the first sealing part blocks the inlet of the first oil outlet. When the second electromagnet is not energized, the force exerted by the third elastic element on the second armature can overcome the force exerted by the fourth elastic element on the second armature, and the second sealing part blocks the third oil outlet passage; When the second electromagnet is energized, the magnetic attraction of the second electromagnet to the second armature and the force exerted by the fourth elastic element on the second armature can overcome the force exerted by the third elastic element on the second armature, and the second sealing part can move away from the opening of the third oil outlet.

5. The injector according to claim 4, characterized in that, A fifth elastic element is provided between the needle valve body and the second oil valve. The needle valve body has a first sealing surface and the needle valve seat has a second sealing surface. The fifth elastic element is configured to apply a force to the needle valve body, so that the first sealing surface and the second sealing surface press against each other to seal the liquid outlet section.

6. The injector according to claim 4, characterized in that, The first electromagnet and the second electromagnet are integrally formed, and the first electromagnet and the second electromagnet are located between the first oil valve and the second oil valve; or... The first electromagnet and the second electromagnet are separately configured, and the first electromagnet and the second electromagnet are located between the first oil valve and the second oil valve, or the first oil valve is located between the first electromagnet and the second electromagnet.

7. The injector according to claim 4, characterized in that, The body includes: A first base body is provided with a first groove, and the oil passage switching component is disposed in the first groove. A lift adjustment ring is provided between the first base body and the first electromagnet. The lift adjustment ring can adjust the distance between the first electromagnet and the first base body to adjust the movement lift of the first moving rod. The second seat is detachably connected to the first seat. The second seat is provided with a second groove and an oil delivery channel that are connected to each other. The oil injection control component is disposed in the second groove. The needle valve seat is detachably connected to the bottom of the second seat. The needle valve body passes through the oil delivery channel and the injection channel. The first liquid inlet section and the outlet of the first oil outlet section of the injection channel are both connected to the oil delivery channel.

8. The injector according to claim 7, characterized in that, The second oil valve includes a second control valve seat and a valve sleeve. The valve sleeve has a fixed part and a connecting part connected to each other. The fourth elastic member can press and fix the second control valve seat and the fixed part against the bottom of the second groove. The connecting part extends into the oil delivery channel. The receiving groove and the first accumulator are disposed on the connecting part. The connecting part is connected to the needle valve body through the receiving groove. The second control valve seat and the valve sleeve are provided with a movable cavity. The second oil inlet is provided on the side of the fixed part. The oil delivery channel is connected to the first accumulator through the second oil inlet. The first accumulator is connected to the movable cavity through the third oil outlet. The second moving rod is slidably connected to the second control valve seat. The second sealing part extends into the movable cavity to block or open the third oil outlet. The fixed part is provided with a return oil delivery hole. The movable cavity is connected to the return oil channel through the return oil delivery hole.

9. The injector according to claim 7, characterized in that, The first oil valve includes a first control valve seat, a first oil inlet valve seat, and a second oil inlet valve seat. The first control valve seat is threadedly connected to the groove wall of the first groove to press and fix the first oil inlet valve seat and the second oil inlet valve seat to the bottom of the first groove. The first pressure chamber is disposed between the first oil inlet valve seat and the second oil inlet valve seat. The first oil inlet valve seat is provided with a second pressure chamber. The inlet of the first oil outlet passage is connected to the first pressure chamber through the second pressure chamber. A third sealing surface is provided at the inlet of the second pressure chamber. A fourth sealing surface is provided at the inlet of the second oil outlet passage. The third sealing surface and the fourth sealing surface are spaced apart on the moving path of the first sealing part. The first sealing part is a sealing ball structure. The surface of the first sealing part can abut and seal with the third sealing surface or the fourth sealing surface.

10. The injector according to claim 3, characterized in that, The needle valve seat is provided with a second accumulator chamber, and the outlet of the second oil outlet is connected to the second inlet section through the second accumulator chamber; and / or, The clearance fit between the side wall of the needle valve body and the groove wall of the receiving groove is 0.005 mm to 0.012 mm; and / or, The side wall of the needle valve body and the inner wall of the liquid outlet section of the needle valve seat are fitted with a clearance, and the clearance between the side wall of the needle valve body and the inner wall of the liquid outlet section of the needle valve seat is 0.003 mm to 0.010 mm.

11. An engine, characterized in that, It includes the engine body and the injector according to any one of claims 1-10.

12. A vehicle, characterized in that, It includes a vehicle body and the engine as described in claim 11, the engine being mounted on the vehicle body.

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