Mountain area low water runoff prediction simulation device

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of experimental equipment, and discloses a mountain area low water runoff prediction simulation device, which comprises a box body, a mountain model is arranged at the inner bottom of the box body, a pipe frame is arranged at the inner top of the box body, and the pipe frame is used for storing water discharged by a conveying pump; the bottoms of the connecting pipes are communicated with a spraying plate, a plurality of spraying heads are installed at the bottom of the spraying plate, the number of the connecting pipes is multiple, and an electromagnetic valve is installed in each connecting pipe; the bottom of the sliding plate is movably connected with a plurality of electric push rods distributed in a circumferential array mode, and the output ends of the multiple electric push rods are slidably connected with the top of the pipe frame and used for driving the pipe frame to swing. The sliding plate and the pipe frame are connected through the electric push rod, the electric push rod can be used for driving the pipe frame and the spraying plates to swing, the function of adjusting the relative angle between the spraying plates and the mountain model is achieved, the spraying states of the different spraying plates are controlled through the multiple electromagnetic valves, therefore, accurate simulation of multiple rain states is achieved, and the prediction precision is effectively improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of experimental equipment, in particular to a low-water runoff prediction and simulation device in mountainous areas. Background Art

[0002] The low-water runoff prediction and simulation device in mountainous areas is an experimental device used to study and simulate the runoff characteristics in mountainous areas during the dry season. Its main purpose is to analyze the formation and change of runoff by simulating mountain terrain, rainfall conditions and water flow characteristics, so as to provide a scientific basis for water resources management, flood prevention and disaster reduction, ecological protection and engineering design. This device is usually used to reproduce the hydrological process in a real mountain environment, and is especially valuable in studying the distribution of water resources and ecological impacts during the dry season. It can also evaluate the impact of terrain characteristics on runoff under different rainfall scenarios, and provide technical support for the comprehensive management and rational development of mountain basins.

[0003] It is of great significance to conduct research on low-water runoff prediction in mountainous areas. Due to limited water resources during the dry season, runoff changes in mountainous areas are directly related to water supply, agricultural irrigation and ecological balance. In actual environments, rainfall distribution and water flow paths are affected by multiple natural factors such as terrain complexity and wind power, showing significant spatial heterogeneity. In order to accurately evaluate the runoff characteristics during the dry season, it is necessary to conduct in-depth research on the interaction between rainfall conditions, terrain characteristics and runoff processes through experimental simulation methods. At the same time, studying these characteristics can also provide important data support and decision-making basis for responding to extreme weather events caused by climate change.

[0004] When simulating low-water runoff in mountainous areas, the existing technology uses a water spray device to simulate rain. Conventional water spray devices usually adopt a vertical rainfall pattern from top to bottom. This design has certain advantages in terms of water flow uniformity, but fails to fully consider external factors such as wind in the natural environment. Actual rainfall often presents an inclined angle due to the action of wind. This oblique rainfall not only affects the rainfall distribution on the surface, but also changes the formation path of runoff. In addition, the existing device is difficult to achieve accurate simulation of local heavy rainfall or multi-directional rainfall, which makes it impossible to carry out multi-rainfall rainfall and simulate a more realistic environment. Summary of the invention

[0005] In view of the shortcomings of the prior art, the present invention provides a low-water runoff prediction and simulation device in mountainous areas, which solves the problem in the prior art that when simulating low-water runoff in mountainous areas, a water spray device is used to simulate rain. Conventional water spray devices usually adopt a vertical rainfall pattern from top to bottom, so it is difficult to achieve accurate simulation of local heavy rainfall or multi-directional rainfall, resulting in the inability to carry out multi-directional rainfall and simulate a more realistic environment.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention is implemented through the following technical solutions: A low-water runoff prediction simulation device in mountainous areas, comprising:

[0007] The box has a mountain model at the bottom and a pipe rack at the top, the pipe rack is used to store water discharged by the delivery pump, the mountain model includes a soil layer, a sand layer and a rock layer, wherein the soil and sand are used to form runoff on the surface of the mountain model after being saturated with water;

[0008] A connecting pipe, the top of which is connected to the pipe rack, and the bottom of which is connected to a spray plate, a plurality of nozzles are installed at the bottom of the spray plate, and a plurality of connecting pipes are provided, each of which is installed with a solenoid valve;

[0009] The slide plate is movably arranged on the top of the box body, and a plurality of electric push rods distributed in a circular array are movably connected to the bottom of the slide plate, and the output ends of the plurality of electric push rods are movably connected to the top of the pipe rack, so as to drive the pipe rack to swing.

[0010] Preferably, a water tank is provided at the bottom of the box body, the delivery pump is installed on the outer wall of the water tank, and the output end of the delivery pump is connected to the bottom of the water tank through an inlet pipe, the output end of the delivery pump is connected to the pipe rack through an outlet pipe, and the outlet pipe is configured as a hose for cooperating with the swing of the pipe rack.

[0011] Preferably, a water injection pipe for injecting water into the water tank is installed at the top of one side of the water tank, and a drainage pipe for emptying the water tank is installed at the bottom of one side of the water tank.

[0012] Preferably, slide rails are installed on both sides of the top of the box body, and electric sliders are installed on the outer walls of the slide rails on both sides, and the sliders on both sides are respectively fixed on both sides of the slide plate.

[0013] Preferably, the bottom surface of the slide plate is fixedly connected to an upper ball seat, the bottom of the upper ball seat is movably connected to an upper ball head, the bottom of the upper ball head is fixedly connected to a sleeve, the top of the electric push rod is installed on the inner bottom of the sleeve, the middle of the top surface of the pipe rack is fixedly connected to a mounting frame, the top surface of the mounting frame is fixed with a lower ball seat, the interior of the lower ball seat is movably connected to a lower ball head, and the top of the lower ball head is fixedly connected to the output end of the electric push rod.

[0014] Preferably, a connecting pipe is fixedly connected to the bottom of one side of the water tank, a filter tube is movably connected between the connecting pipe and the water inlet pipe, and a filter element is installed inside the filter tube.

[0015] Preferably, a support plate is slidably connected to the bottom of the box body, a plurality of grooves are provided on the top surface of the support plate, the mountain model is divided into a plurality of small units, and the bottoms of the mountain models of the plurality of small units are located in the grooves, and openings may be provided on the support plate and the bottom of the box body for guiding water to flow back into the water tank.

[0016] Preferably, a card plate is fixedly connected to the outer middle part of the bottom surface of the support plate, one side of the card plate contacts a support plate, the bottom of the support plate is fixedly connected to the bottom surface of the inner wall of the box body, the middle part of the bottom surface of the support plate is fixedly connected to an ear plate, the middle part of the ear plate is fixedly connected to a fixing rod, springs are sleeved on both sides of the outer wall of the fixing rod, the ends of both sides of the fixing rod are slidably connected with insertion rods, the insertion rods on both sides are slidably connected to the support plate, and the insertion rods are located in the support plate after passing through the card plate.

[0017] Preferably, paddles are installed on adjacent sides of the insertion rods on both sides, and sliding grooves are provided on adjacent surfaces of the insertion rods on both sides, and the outer walls on both sides of the fixing rod are respectively located in the sliding grooves on both sides.

[0018] Preferably, a plurality of slots are provided on one side of the support plate, and the insertion rod is located in the slots after passing through the card plate.

[0019] The present invention provides a low-water runoff prediction and simulation device in mountainous areas. It has the following beneficial effects:

[0020] 1. The present invention uses an electric push rod to connect the slide plate and the pipe rack, and can use the electric push rod to drive the pipe rack and the spray plate to swing, so as to adjust the relative angle between the spray plate and the mountain model, and control the spraying state of different spray plates through multiple solenoid valves, thereby realizing accurate simulation of various rain states and effectively improving the prediction accuracy.

[0021] 2. The present invention divides the mountain model into multiple small units and designs multiple corresponding grooves on the support plate, so as to realize flexible replacement of local units of the mountain model, thereby effectively simulating the rainfall differences under different terrain conditions, and further improving the diversity of simulation by adjusting the local terrain, significantly enhancing the authenticity and applicability of the experimental results.

[0022] 3. The present invention presses the paddles to make the paddles on both sides drive the rod to move inward and compress the spring, thereby realizing the function of the rod being separated from the support plate slot. This design is convenient for users to quickly operate and easily move the support plate and its mountain model unit out of the box, thereby significantly improving the convenience of replacing the mountain model, reducing the difficulty of operation, and improving the overall experimental efficiency of the device. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0023] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the present invention;

[0024] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the slide rail part of the present invention;

[0025] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the pipe rack part of the present invention;

[0026] Figure 4 for Figure 3 A in the enlarged view;

[0027] Figure 5 It is a front cross-sectional view of the sleeve of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 6 It is a front cross-sectional view of the filter tube of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 7 It is a front cross-sectional view of a support plate of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 8 It is a front view of the support plate of the present invention;

[0031] Fig. 9 This is a disassembled view of the rod structure of the present invention.

[0032] Among them, 1. Box body; 2. Pipe rack; 3. Connecting pipe; 4. Spray plate; 5. Nozzle; 6. Slide plate; 7. Electric push rod; 8. Delivery pump; 9. Water inlet pipe; 10. Water outlet pipe; 11. Slide rail; 12. Electric slider; 13. Upper ball seat; 14. Upper ball head; 15. Sleeve; 16. Mounting frame; 17. Lower ball seat; 18. Lower ball head; 19. Water tank; 20. Connecting pipe; 21. Filter tube; 22. Filter element; 23. Support plate; 24. Mountain model; 25. Card plate; 26. Support plate; 27. Ear plate; 28. Fixing rod; 29. ​​Insert rod; 30. Spring; 31. Pick. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0033] The following will be combined with the drawings in the specification of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0034] In order to better understand the present invention, the above contents are described in detail below in conjunction with specific embodiments.

[0035] Please see attached Figure 1-Figure 5The embodiment of the present invention provides a low-water runoff prediction and simulation device in a mountainous area, comprising: a box body 1, a mountain model 24 is arranged at the bottom of the box body, a pipe rack 2 is arranged at the top of the box body, the pipe rack 2 is used to store water discharged by a delivery pump 8, the mountain model 24 includes a soil layer, a sand and stone layer and a rock layer, wherein the soil and sand and stone are used to form runoff on the surface of the mountain model 24 after being saturated with water; a connecting pipe 3, the top of which is connected to the pipe rack 2, and the bottom is connected to a spray plate 4, a plurality of nozzles 5 are installed at the bottom of the spray plate 4, and a plurality of connecting pipes 3 are arranged, and each connecting pipe 3 is installed with a solenoid valve; a slide plate 6, which is movably arranged at the top of the box body 1, and a plurality of electric push rods 7 distributed in a circular array are movably connected at the bottom of the box body, and the output ends of the plurality of electric push rods 7 are movably connected to the top of the pipe rack 2, and the slide plate 6 is used to drive the pipe rack 2 to swing.

[0036] In the present invention, the box 1 serves as the main frame of the entire device, and a mountain model 24 for carrying the experimental terrain is arranged at the bottom thereof. The mountain model 24 can be divided and replaced according to the experimental requirements, so as to facilitate the simulation of various different terrain conditions. A pipe rack 2 is installed on the top of the box 1. The main function of the pipe rack 2 is to store the water discharged by the delivery pump 8 and evenly distribute the water to the connecting pipe 3. The pipe rack 2 is movably connected with the slide plate 6 and the electric push rod 7. After driving the electric push rod 7, it can swing in the experiment, so as to better simulate the rainfall characteristics of different angles and directions. In addition, the pipe rack 2 is connected to a plurality of connecting pipes 3, and the water flow enters the spray plate 4 through the connecting pipe 3 for distribution. A plurality of nozzles 5 are installed at the bottom of the spray plate 4. The position and number of the nozzles 5 can be adjusted according to the experimental needs to control the range and intensity of rainfall. A solenoid valve is also installed inside the connecting pipe 3. The solenoid valve can control the opening and closing of the water flow, and cooperates with the nozzle 5 to realize regional rainfall simulation. The slide plate 6 is movably arranged on the top of the box body 1, and the bottom of the slide plate 6 is slidably connected to the pipe rack 2 through a plurality of electric push rods 7. The electric push rods 7 are distributed in a circular array, which can provide all-round support and movement functions for the pipe rack 2, allowing the pipe rack 2 to swing at a flexible angle. The multi-directional tilting swing of the pipe rack 2 and the spray plate 4 is realized to simulate the direction of water flow at different angles in natural rainfall. Through the movable characteristics of the slide plate 6, the pipe rack 2 can move along the direction of the slide plate 6, so that the spray plate 4 covers a larger area. The overall design greatly improves the applicability and flexibility of the device, and can accurately simulate the complex rainfall conditions in mountainous areas, especially in the runoff simulation during the dry season, showing extremely high experimental efficiency and data accuracy;

[0037] The mountain model 24 includes a soil layer, a sand and stone layer, and a rock layer, wherein the soil layer and the sand and stone layer are used to form runoff on the surface of the mountain model 24 after being saturated with water. Specifically:

[0038] Soil layer: The soil layer is set on the top of the model surface. Real soil or experimental soil is used to simulate the soil characteristics in natural terrain. The soil layer has high water absorption and permeability. After absorbing water during the experiment, it can simulate the process of rainfall infiltration, saturation and surface runoff.

[0039] Sand and gravel layer: The sand and gravel layer is located below the soil layer and is used to simulate the characteristics of gravel in the mountains. The permeability and roughness of the sand and gravel layer can affect the flow rate and direction of water flow, while supporting the soil layer and regulating the distribution of water flow.

[0040] Rock layer: The rock layer serves as the basis of the mountain model, simulating an impermeable bedrock layer. In the experiment, it can limit the further infiltration of the infiltrated water and promote the formation of underground runoff between the sand and soil layers.

[0041] Steps to implement low water runoff simulation:

[0042] Rainfall simulation: The spray plate 4 and the nozzle 5 are used to simulate rainfall of different intensities and angles, and water drops fall on the surface of the mountain model 24 and penetrate into the soil layer.

[0043] Infiltration and saturation: Water penetrates through the soil layer into the sand and gravel layer, and when the soil layer reaches saturation, it begins to form runoff on the soil surface. This process simulates the mechanism of surface runoff generation under limited water supply conditions during the dry season.

[0044] Groundwater runoff formation: The infiltrated water flows between the sand and rock layers, forming groundwater runoff. By controlling the particle size and thickness of the sand and rock layers, different groundwater dynamics can be simulated.

[0045] Surface runoff convergence: The saturated surface runoff flows through the concave and convex terrain of the mountain model, and finally converges to the opening of the support plate and flows back into the water tank 1. This process simulates the water flow path and flow changes in mountain terrain.

[0046] Control and monitoring means:

[0047] Rainfall intensity control: By adjusting the water output of the solenoid valve and the sprinkler, the rainfall intensity can be flexibly controlled to study the surface runoff characteristics under different rainfall conditions.

[0048] Partial model replacement: The segmented design of the mountain model 24 allows the local terrain to be replaced according to experimental requirements, such as adjusting soil thickness, sand and gravel particle size, and rock distribution to simulate runoff behavior in different mountain environments.

[0049] Runoff monitoring: The opening at the bottom of the support plate is connected to the return flow device, which, in conjunction with a flow meter or sump, can accurately record the total amount and distribution characteristics of surface runoff and underground runoff.

[0050] Simulation effect:

[0051] Dry season characteristics: By reducing the water flow intensity of the spray plate 4, the conditions of low precipitation in the dry season are simulated to observe the water absorption limit of the soil layer and the formation time of surface runoff.

[0052] Impact of topography on runoff: Using the segmented characteristics of the model, we set up areas with different slopes and landforms (such as gullies and terraces) to study the impact of complex terrain on the flow path and convergence process.

[0053] Underground runoff dynamics: Analyze the direction, speed and flow changes of underground runoff in the sand and gravel layer through transparent observation windows or permeability tests.

[0054] Overall prediction capability improvement:

[0055] The multi-layer structure of the mountain model 24 can realistically reproduce the infiltration, saturation and runoff processes in mountainous terrain, which helps to accurately evaluate the hydrological characteristics during the dry season.

[0056] By adjusting the parameters of each layer of materials (such as soil thickness, sand and gravel particle size) and rainfall conditions, the runoff dynamics in different geographical regions and climate conditions can be simulated, providing strong support for water resource management and ecological protection during the dry season. The simulation device can not only reproduce the natural process of mountain dry runoff, but also regulate various environmental variables, providing a reliable experimental basis for hydrological prediction and engineering planning.

[0057] Please see attached Figure 1 and Figure 2 A water tank 19 is provided at the bottom of the box body 1, and the delivery pump 8 is installed on the outer wall of the water tank 19, and the output end of the delivery pump 8 is connected with the bottom of the water tank 19 through the water inlet pipe 9, and the output end of the delivery pump 8 is connected with the pipe rack 2 through the water outlet pipe 10, and the water outlet pipe 10 is set as a hose for cooperating with the swing of the pipe rack 2.

[0058] In the present invention, the water tank 19 is used for continuous and stable water supply, and the delivery pump 8 is installed on the outer wall of the water tank 19. Its main function is to deliver the water stored in the water tank 19 to the top of the pipe rack 2 by power for subsequent rainfall simulation experiments. The input end of the delivery pump 8 is connected to the bottom of the water tank 19 through the water inlet pipe 9. The gravity is used to ensure that water can smoothly enter the delivery pump 8 and avoid the dry running of the pump. The output end of the delivery pump 8 is connected to the pipe rack 2 through the outlet pipe 10, wherein the outlet pipe 10 is designed as a hose structure with high flexibility and adaptability. While ensuring the smooth delivery of water flow, it can also coordinate with the swing of the pipe rack 2, so that when the pipe rack 2 is tilted and swung in multiple directions during the experiment, the outlet pipe 10 is not restricted, thereby maintaining a stable water supply pressure and flow rate, thereby effectively avoiding the water flow interruption or device swing restriction problems caused by hard pipes, greatly improving the flexibility and reliability of the experiment, and providing technical support for complex rainfall simulation.

[0059] Please see attached Figure 1 , Figure 2 and Figure 6 A water injection pipe for injecting water into the water tank 19 is installed at the top of one side of the water tank 19, and a drainage pipe for emptying the water tank 19 is installed at the bottom of one side of the water tank 19. A connecting pipe 20 is fixedly connected to the bottom of one side of the water tank 19, and a filter pipe 21 is movably connected between the connecting pipe 20 and the water inlet pipe 9, and a filter element 22 is installed inside the filter pipe 21.

[0060] In the present invention, a water injection pipe is installed on the top of one side of the water tank 19, which is used to inject clean water into the water tank 19 before the experiment, ensuring that the water tank 19 can store sufficient water to meet the experimental needs. A drainage pipe is installed at the bottom of one side of the water tank 19, which is used to quickly empty the remaining water in the water tank 19 after the experiment, which is convenient for cleaning and maintenance, ensuring that the device can remain in a clean state, and providing convenience for the next experiment. A connecting pipe 20 is also fixedly connected to the bottom of the water tank 19, and a filter tube 21 is movably connected between the connecting pipe 20 and the water inlet pipe 9 of the delivery pump 8. A filter element 22 is installed inside the filter tube 21, which is used to effectively filter impurities injected into the water tank 19, ensuring the cleanliness of the water entering the delivery pump 8 and the pipe rack 2, avoiding impurities from clogging the nozzle 5 or the solenoid valve of the device, and enhancing the overall stability of the system and the reliability of the experiment.

[0061] Please see attached Figure 1 and Figure 2 Slide rails 11 are installed on both sides of the top of the box body 1, and electric sliders 12 are installed on the outer walls of the slide rails 11 on both sides, and the sliders on both sides are respectively fixed on both sides of the slide plate 6.

[0062] In the present invention, slide rails 11 are installed on both sides of the top of the box body 1. The slide rails 11 serve as a guiding structure for the movement of the slide plate 6 to ensure that the slide plate 6 can slide smoothly along the predetermined track. An electric slider 12 is installed on the outer wall of the slide rail 11. The electric slider 12 mechanically drives the slide plate 6 to move along the direction of the slide rail 11. The two sides of the slide plate 6 are respectively fixedly connected to the electric slider 12 on the slide rail 11 to ensure that the slide plate 6 is evenly stressed during the movement to avoid tilting or jamming, so that the slide plate 6 can be accurately adjusted in translation within the top range of the box body 1, thereby driving the pipe rack 2 and the spray plate 4 connected thereto to move, thereby achieving comprehensive coverage of the rainfall range in the experimental area. Through the flexible control of the electric slider 12, the device can adjust the spraying position according to the experimental requirements, further improving the diversity and accuracy of rainfall simulation.

[0063] Please see attached Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figure 3 and Figure 5The bottom surface of the slide plate 6 is fixedly connected with an upper ball seat 13, the bottom of the upper ball seat 13 is movably connected with an upper ball head 14, the bottom of the upper ball head 14 is fixedly connected with a sleeve 15, the top of the electric push rod 7 is installed on the inner bottom of the sleeve 15, the middle part of the top surface of the pipe rack 2 is fixedly connected with a mounting frame 16, the top surface of the mounting frame 16 is fixed with a lower ball seat 17, the interior of the lower ball seat 17 is movably connected with a lower ball head 18, and the top of the lower ball head 18 is fixedly connected to the output end of the electric push rod 7.

[0064] In the present invention, the bottom surface of the slide plate 6 is fixedly connected with an upper ball seat 13, the bottom of the upper ball seat 13 is movably connected with an upper ball head 14, and the bottom of the upper ball head 14 is fixedly connected with a sleeve 15 to form a flexible spherical connection structure. The sleeve 15 is designed to accommodate the top of the electric push rod 7, so that the electric push rod 7 can be firmly installed on the inner bottom of the sleeve 15 while maintaining a certain range of movement to meet complex swinging requirements. The middle part of the top surface of the pipe rack 2 is fixedly connected with a mounting frame 16, and the top surface of the mounting frame 16 is fixed with a lower ball seat 17. The lower ball seat 17 is fixedly connected to the bottom of the sleeve 15. 7 is movably connected internally with a lower ball head 18, the top of which is fixedly connected to the output end of the electric push rod 7. The movable connection between the lower ball head 18 and the lower ball seat 17 ensures that the electric push rod 7 can freely tilt or swing in multiple directions when pushing the pipe rack 2, thereby driving the pipe rack 2 to perform all-round rotation adjustment, effectively improving the flexibility and stability of the device, and enabling the pipe rack 2 to achieve precise angle adjustment under the drive of the electric push rod 7, meeting the multi-rain state simulation in different experimental requirements, and significantly improving the controllability of rainfall direction and distribution.

[0065] Please see attached Figure 1 and Figure 7 A support plate 23 is slidably connected to the bottom of the box body 1, and a plurality of grooves are provided on the top surface of the support plate 23. The mountain model 24 is divided into a plurality of small units, and the bottoms of the plurality of small unit mountain models 24 are located in the grooves. Openings can be provided at the bottom of the support plate 23 and the box body 1 for guiding water to flow back into the water tank 19.

[0066] In the present invention, a support plate 23 is slidably connected to the bottom of the box body 1. The support plate 23 is designed as a slidable structure to facilitate the installation and replacement of the mountain model 24. A plurality of grooves are provided on the top surface of the support plate 23 for accurately fixing the experimental mountain model 24. The mountain model 24 is divided into a plurality of small units, and the bottom of each small unit fits tightly with the groove of the support plate 23, so that the experiment can be flexibly adjusted according to local terrain conditions to meet the needs of different experimental scenes, while enhancing the diversity of terrain simulation. Openings can be provided at the bottom of the support plate 23 and the box body 1 to guide the runoff water generated during the experiment to flow back into the water tank 19. By recycling and reusing the water flow, the waste of water resources is effectively reduced and the efficiency of the experiment is improved. The reasonable arrangement of the water return channel ensures the smoothness of the water flow, while avoiding the accumulation of water at the bottom of the support plate 23, further improving the running stability and operational convenience of the device.

[0067] Please see attached Figure 1 , Figure 8 and Fig. 9 A card plate 25 is fixedly connected to the outer side of the middle of the bottom surface of the support plate 23. One side of the card plate 25 contacts a support plate 26. The bottom of the support plate 26 is fixedly connected to the bottom surface of the inner wall of the box body 1. An ear plate 27 is fixedly connected to the middle of the bottom surface of the support plate 23. A fixed rod 28 is fixedly connected to the middle of the ear plate 27. Springs 30 are sleeved on both sides of the outer wall of the fixed rod 28. The ends of both sides of the fixed rod 28 are slidably connected with plug rods 29. The plug rods 29 on both sides are slidably connected to the support plate 23, and the plug rods 29 are placed in the support plate 26 after passing through the card plate 25. Plectrums 31 are installed on the adjacent sides of the plug rods 29 on both sides, and sliding grooves are opened on the adjacent surfaces of the plug rods 29 on both sides. The outer walls of the two sides of the fixed rod 28 are respectively located in the sliding grooves on both sides. A plurality of card slots are opened on one side of the support plate 26. The plug rods 29 are placed in the card slots after passing through the card plate 25.

[0068] In the present invention, a card plate 25 is fixedly connected to the outer side of the middle part of the bottom surface of the support plate 23, one side of the card plate 25 is in contact with a support plate 26, and the bottom of the support plate 26 is fixedly connected to the bottom surface of the inner wall of the box body 1, providing support and fixing functions for the stability of the support plate 23. An ear plate 27 is also fixedly connected to the middle part of the bottom surface of the support plate 23, and a fixing rod 28 is fixedly connected to the middle part of the ear plate 27. Springs 30 are sleeved on both sides of the outer wall of the fixing rod 28 to provide a rebound force when the insertion rod 29 moves to ensure that the insertion rod 29 can return to its initial position. Therefore, the ends on both sides of the fixing rod 28 are respectively slidably connected to the insertion rod 29, and the insertion rod 29 is slidably connected to the support plate 23, and extends to the inside of the support plate 26 after passing through the card plate 25. A plurality of slots are opened on one side of the support plate 26. After the insertion rod 29 passes through the card plate 25, it cooperates with the slots to firmly position the support plate 23 and prevent When the paddle 31 is pressed, the paddle 31 drives the rod 29 to move and compresses the spring 30, so that the rod 29 is disengaged from the slot of the support plate 26. At this time, the support plate 23 can be slid out of the box body 1, which not only ensures the stability of the support plate 23 in the fixed state, but also realizes the quick unlocking and flexible movement of the support plate 23 through the linkage mechanism between the paddle 31 and the rod 29, which is convenient for users to replace or adjust the mountain model 24, thereby greatly improving the operating efficiency and convenience of the experimental device.

[0069] Working principle: When in use, first select a suitable terrain mountain model 24 according to the experimental requirements, divide the mountain model 24 into multiple small units, and then embed them into the preset grooves on the top surface of the support plate 23 in turn, ensuring that the bottom of each mountain model 24 unit fits tightly with the groove, thereby fixing the position of the mountain model 24. At this time, the card plate 25, support plate 26 and plug rod 29 at the bottom of the support plate 23 work together to ensure that the support plate 23 is stably connected to the bottom of the box body 1, and then, inject clean water into the water tank 19 through the water injection pipe, then start the delivery pump 8 to transport the water in the water tank 19 to the pipe rack 2, and the water is introduced into the water tank 19 through the connecting pipe 3. The nozzles 5 at the bottom of the spray plate 4 and the pipe rack 2 can evenly distribute the water flow to each spray plate 4. The nozzles 5 at the bottom of the spray plate 4 can adjust the water output according to the experimental requirements. At this time, the switch state of the solenoid valve determines whether each nozzle 5 outputs water, thereby controlling the distribution range of rainfall. When simulating a rainy state, the electric push rod 7 system is started, and the upper ball seat 13 at the bottom of the slide plate 6 is connected to the electric push rod 7 through the upper ball head 14 and the sleeve 15, and the top of the electric push rod 7 is connected to the lower ball seat 17 and the lower ball head 18 through the mounting frame 16, thereby realizing the omnidirectional swing of the pipe rack 2. The four electric push rods 7 work together to make the pipe rack 2 and The spray plate 4 can be tilted in different directions to achieve a swing range of 306 degrees, accurately simulating the directionality of complex rainfall conditions in mountain environments. At the same time, the electric slider 12 installed on the slide rail 11 on the top of the box 1 is driven, and the slider drives the slide plate 6 to move along the slide rail 11, so that the spray plate 4 slides at different positions on the top of the box 1. The slide rail 11 system ensures that the spray plate 4 can cover the entire mountain model 24 area, thereby realizing a comprehensive rainfall simulation. The cooperation of the slide rail 11 and the slide plate 6 makes the positioning of the spray plate 4 in the space more flexible. Finally, by controlling the opening and closing of the solenoid valve, it can be selectively opened according to the needs of the experiment. The nozzles 5 on different spray plates 4 can be turned on or off to flexibly adjust the rainfall intensity and distribution range in different areas. During the experiment, the sprayed water flows through the surface of the mountain model 24, and flows back to the water tank 19 through the support plate 23 and the preset openings at the bottom of the box body 1 to achieve recycling. When the experiment is over, the paddle 31 is pressed to disengage the plug 29 from the slot of the support plate 26. At this time, the support plate 23 can be pulled to move the mountain model 24 out of the box body 1 as a whole, which is convenient for the disassembly, replacement or cleaning of the mountain model 24. The drainage pipe at the bottom of the box body 1 can quickly drain the remaining water in the water tank 19 to prepare a clean state for subsequent experiments.

[0070] Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and variations may be made to the embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the present invention, and that the scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A low-water runoff prediction and simulation device in mountainous areas, characterized in that: include: A box body (1) is provided with a mountain model (24) at its bottom and a pipe rack (2) at its top, wherein the pipe rack (2) is used to store water discharged by a delivery pump (8), wherein the mountain model (24) comprises a soil layer, a sand and stone layer and a rock layer, wherein the soil and sand and stone are used to form runoff on the surface of the mountain model (24) after being saturated with water; A connecting pipe (3), the top of which is connected to the pipe rack (2), and the bottom of which is connected to a spray plate (4), a plurality of spray heads (5) are installed at the bottom of the spray plate (4), and a plurality of connecting pipes (3) are provided, and a solenoid valve is installed in each connecting pipe (3); The slide plate (6) is movably arranged on the top of the box body (1), and the bottom of the slide plate is movably connected to a plurality of electric push rods (7) distributed in a circular array, and the output ends of the plurality of electric push rods (7) are all movably connected to the top of the pipe rack (2), and are used to drive the pipe rack (2) to swing.

2. A low-water runoff prediction and simulation device in mountainous areas according to claim 1, characterized in that: A water tank (19) is arranged at the bottom of the box body (1), the delivery pump (8) is installed on the outer wall of the water tank (19), and the output end of the delivery pump (8) is connected to the bottom of the water tank (19) through a water inlet pipe (9), and the output end of the delivery pump (8) is connected to the pipe rack (2) through a water outlet pipe (10), and the water outlet pipe (10) is arranged as a hose for cooperating with the pipe rack (2) to swing.

3. The low-water runoff prediction and simulation device in mountainous areas according to claim 1, characterized in that: A water injection pipe for injecting water into the water tank (19) is installed at the top of one side of the water tank (19), and a drainage pipe for emptying the water tank (19) is installed at the bottom of one side of the water tank (19).

4. The low-water runoff prediction and simulation device in mountainous areas according to claim 1, characterized in that: Slide rails (11) are installed on both sides of the top of the box body (1), and electric sliders (12) are installed on the outer walls of the slide rails (11) on both sides. The sliders (12) on both sides are respectively fixed on both sides of the slide plate (6).

5. The low-water runoff prediction and simulation device in mountainous areas according to claim 1, characterized in that: The bottom surface of the slide plate (6) is fixedly connected to an upper ball seat (13), the bottom of the upper ball seat (13) is movably connected to an upper ball head (14), the bottom of the upper ball head (14) is fixedly connected to a sleeve (15), the top of the electric push rod (7) is mounted on the inner bottom of the sleeve (15), the middle of the top surface of the pipe rack (2) is fixedly connected to a mounting frame (16), the top surface of the mounting frame (16) is fixedly connected to a lower ball seat (17), the interior of the lower ball seat (17) is movably connected to a lower ball head (18), and the top of the lower ball head (18) is fixedly connected to the output end of the electric push rod (7).

6. The low-water runoff prediction and simulation device in mountainous areas according to claim 3, characterized in that: A connecting pipe (20) is fixedly connected to the bottom of one side of the water tank (19), a filter tube (21) is movably connected between the connecting pipe (20) and the water inlet pipe (9), and a filter element (22) is installed inside the filter tube (21).

7. The low-water runoff prediction and simulation device in mountainous areas according to claim 3 is characterized in that: The bottom of the box body (1) is slidably connected to a support plate (23), the top surface of the support plate (23) is provided with a plurality of grooves, the mountain model (24) is divided into a plurality of small units, and the bottoms of the plurality of small units are located in the grooves, and the support plate (23) and the bottom of the box body (1) can both be provided with openings for guiding water to flow back into the water tank (19).

8. A low-water runoff prediction and simulation device in mountainous areas according to claim 7, characterized in that: A card plate (25) is fixedly connected to the outer side of the middle part of the bottom surface of the support plate (23), one side of the card plate (25) contacts a support plate (26), the bottom of the support plate (26) is fixedly connected to the bottom surface of the inner wall of the box body (1), the middle part of the bottom surface of the support plate (23) is fixedly connected to an ear plate (27), the middle part of the ear plate (27) is fixedly connected to a fixing rod (28), both sides of the outer wall of the fixing rod (28) are sleeved with springs (30), both ends of the two sides of the fixing rod (28) are slidably connected to plug rods (29), the plug rods (29) on both sides are slidably connected to the support plate (23), and the plug rods (29) are located in the support plate (26) after passing through the card plate (25).

9. A low-water runoff prediction and simulation device in mountainous areas according to claim 8, characterized in that: The adjacent sides of the insertion rods (29) on both sides are equipped with paddles (31), and the adjacent surfaces of the insertion rods (29) on both sides are provided with sliding grooves, and the outer walls of the two sides of the fixing rod (28) are respectively located in the sliding grooves on both sides.

10. The low-water runoff prediction and simulation device in mountainous areas according to claim 8, characterized in that: A plurality of slots are provided on one side of the support plate (26), and the insertion rod (29) is located in the slots after passing through the clamping plate (25).

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