Biochar-based heat-storage and fertilizer-saving potting planting method

Abstract

The invention relates to the field of potting planting, and particularly discloses a charcoal-based heat-storage and fertilizer-saving potting planting method which comprises the following steps: arranging a material supplementing channel on a pot body, arranging a fertilizer groove in the middle of the pot body, mixing charcoal-based slow-release fertilizer particles and charcoal powder, and putting the mixture into the fertilizer groove; the pot body is filled with soil, and plants are transplanted; recycling the charcoal-based solar evaporator used for evaporating and concentrating the biogas slurry, crushing the charcoal-based solar evaporator into powder, and paving the powder on the surface of the potting soil; and the charcoal-based liquid fertilizer is injected into the lower-layer soil in the pot body through the material supplementing channel. The charcoal-based solar evaporator achieves the heat collection effect on the upper layer of the soil, charcoal-based slow-release fertilizer particles are matched with the fertilizer groove to achieve heat storage and fertilizer conservation of the middle layer of the soil, and the temperature of the soil is further increased; through cooperation of the charcoal-based liquid fertilizer and the material supplementing channel, slow release of the nutrient solution is achieved, the nutrient solution directly reaches the roots of plants, the runoff loss of the nutrient solution is reduced, and the utilization efficiency of the fertilizer is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the field of potted plant cultivation, and in particular to a biochar-based heat-storing and fertilizer-saving potted plant cultivation method. Background Art

[0002] Integrated planting and breeding of plants such as fruit and vegetable potted plants and flower potted plants are very popular because of their advantages such as being green and pest-free and beautifying the home environment. However, in the cold winter climate with a large temperature difference between day and night, the root zone of the plant has a high demand for soil warming, while the heat storage capacity of ordinary potting soil is poor, which may cause the growth of potted plants to stagnate or suffer frost damage. Therefore, improving the heat storage capacity of the soil is of great significance for preventing plant frost damage and improving plant growth conditions. On the other hand, if the amount of fertilizer is uneven and the timing of fertilization is inappropriate, the fertilizer utilization efficiency will be low, which will directly affect the growth of potted plants.

[0003] The Chinese patent with publication number CN118142186A provides a biochar-based solar evaporator suitable for biogas slurry concentration, which utilizes the strong sunlight absorption and photothermal effect of biochar to effectively achieve biogas slurry water evaporation and nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium nutrient concentration. During the biogas slurry concentration process, the biochar-based solar evaporator absorbs nutrients such as nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, which can be used as a nutrient source for slow-release fertilizers, which not only reduces the cost of slow-release fertilizers, but also solves the post-processing problem of evaporator scrapping to a certain extent. Summary of the invention

[0004] In order to achieve temperature maintenance and slow release of fertilizers, so as to improve the problems of lack of heat preservation and low fertilizer utilization efficiency in winter during potted planting, the present application provides a biochar-based heat storage and fertilizer-saving potted planting method.

[0005] The present application provides a biochar-based heat storage and fertilizer saving potted planting method using the following technical solutions: A biochar-based heat-storing and fertilizer-saving potted planting method comprises the following steps: Preparation of potted plant device: a feeding channel is set on the pot body, a fertilizer tank is set in the middle of the pot body, and biochar-based slow-release fertilizer particles and biochar powder are mixed and placed in the fertilizer tank; Fill the pot with soil and transplant the plant; The biochar-based solar evaporator used for evaporation and concentration of biogas slurry is recovered and crushed into powder, which is then spread on the surface of the potting soil; The biochar-based liquid fertilizer is injected into the subsoil in the pot body through the feeding channel.

[0006] In response to the problems of poor winter insulation and low fertilizer utilization efficiency in existing potted planting processes, the present application provides a method of combining a biochar-based soil conditioner with an improved potted plant structure to achieve heat collection in the upper soil layer, heat storage and fertilizer conservation in the middle layer, and root promotion and fertilizer supplementation in the lower layer, thereby meeting the plant's needs for temperature, fertilizer, and water.

[0007] Specifically, the biochar-based solar evaporator used for concentrating the biogas slurry still has the light-absorbing and heat-storing function of biochar, and can play a heat-collecting role in the upper soil; at the same time, the biochar-based solar evaporator used for evaporating and concentrating the biogas slurry contains nutrients such as nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, which can also be used as a slow-release fertilizer to supply plant growth.

[0008] In the middle soil layer, the biochar-based soil conditioner (including biochar and biochar-based slow-release fertilizer particles) in the fertilizer trough can accumulate heat transferred from the upper soil layer to the middle soil layer, so that the middle soil layer warms up, which is beneficial to the heat preservation of plant roots; at the same time, due to the adsorption properties of biochar, the biochar-based slow-release fertilizer particles can achieve the slow release of fertilizer. The fertilizer trough fixes the position of the biochar-based soil conditioner in the middle soil layer to prevent the biochar-based soil conditioner from migrating and dispersing in the soil, so as to ensure the heat storage effect of the middle soil layer; further, the biochar-based soil conditioner combined with the fertilizer trough can intercept part of the fertilizer diffused downward from the upper soil layer, slowing down the runoff loss of fertilizer during watering, so as to achieve the effect of saving fertilizer.

[0009] In the lower soil layer, the nutrient solution is directly delivered to the plant roots through the cooperation of biochar-based liquid fertilizer and feeding channel, and the nutrient solution is slowly released through the adsorption effect of biochar, which reduces the runoff loss of nutrient solution and improves the utilization efficiency of fertilizer.

[0010] Furthermore, the side wall and the bottom wall of the fertilizer tank are both provided with a plurality of through holes, so that the nutrients carried by the biochar-based slow-release fertilizer particles stored in the fertilizer tank can be slowly released into the soil.

[0011] Furthermore, the fertilizer trough includes one annular groove or multiple concentric annular grooves, and the multiple concentric annular grooves are hollowed out. The hollow design helps to reduce the obstruction of the fertilizer trough to the downward growth of plant roots.

[0012] Furthermore, a hanging rod is fixedly connected to the outer peripheral side of the fertilizer trough, and the hanging rod is hung on the upper edge of the basin body, so that the fertilizer trough can be conveniently fixed in the basin body.

[0013] Preferably, the upper diameter of the basin is 200-260 mm, the bottom diameter is 180-220 mm, and the height is 180-200 mm.

[0014] Preferably, the length of the suspension rod is 50 mm-100 mm, the diameter of the annular groove of the outermost circle is 100-150 mm, the depth of the annular groove is 5 mm-10 mm, and the width is 5-10 mm.

[0015] Furthermore, the feeding channel includes a feeding pipe that penetrates the wall of the basin body, and one end of the feeding pipe located in the basin body is connected to a plurality of branch pipes with a diameter of millimeters. The branch pipes are used to transport the biochar-based liquid fertilizer to the vicinity of the plant roots through capillary action.

[0016] Furthermore, a plurality of the feed feeding pipes are provided, and the plurality of the feed feeding pipes are arranged at intervals along the circumference of the basin body.

[0017] Preferably, 2-4 feeding tubes are provided, the length of the feeding tubes is 30-50 mm, the diameter is 10-30 mm, the number of branch tubes connected to each feeding tube is 5-10, the diameter of the branch tubes is 2-5 mm, and the length is 10-20 mm.

[0018] Furthermore, the biochar is obtained by pyrolysis of palm shell, diatomaceous earth and biomass raw materials mixed in a mass ratio of (1-5): (1-5): (5-10), wherein the biomass raw materials are one or more of enteromorpha, crayfish shell and animal bone meal.

[0019] The specific surface area of ​​biochar obtained by pyrolysis of Enteromorpha is much higher than that of biochar obtained by pyrolysis of conventional biomass. When used as a fertilizer carrier, it is beneficial to improve the slow-release performance of fertilizers; the calcium in crayfish shells and animal bone meal is beneficial to increase the nutritional diversity of slow-release fertilizers. The iron in diatomaceous earth and the potassium in palm shells catalyze the pyrolysis of biochar, and the skeleton structure of biochar will gradually transform from amorphous aromatic carbon to conjugated aromatic carbon, and finally to graphite-type carbon, forming a special porous network structure. This porous network structure can not only effectively slow down the release of nutrients adsorbed by it, but also help to enhance the heat conduction effect of biochar to improve the heat storage performance of the soil, so that the soil conditioner prepared with this biochar as raw material can effectively achieve heat storage and fertilizer preservation in the middle soil.

[0020] Preferably, before the pyrolysis treatment, the Enteromorpha is dried at a temperature of 45-55° C. for 18-24 h.

[0021] Preferably, the pyrolysis is carried out in a tubular furnace, protected by an inert gas atmosphere, and the temperature is raised to 400-600° C. at a rate of 5-10° C. / min and kept at this temperature for 2-4 h to carry out the pyrolysis.

[0022] Furthermore, the biochar-based slow-release fertilizer particles are obtained by mixing and granulating biochar powder, medium and trace element fertilizers, and biochar-based solar evaporator powder used for evaporation and concentration of biogas slurry.

[0023] Furthermore, the medium and trace element fertilizer includes one or more of lime, gypsum, borax, and chelated zinc.

[0024] The biochar-based solar evaporator that is scrapped after being used for biogas slurry concentration is used as the raw material for the heat-storing and fertilizer-saving soil conditioner. The nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and other nutrients adsorbed from the biogas slurry are fully utilized to achieve waste utilization with low cost. Combined with medium and trace element fertilizers, it can meet the growth needs of fruits, vegetables and flowers to the greatest extent.

[0025] Preferably, the size of the granules is a sphere with a diameter of 3-8 mm.

[0026] Furthermore, the biochar-based liquid fertilizer is obtained by mixing biochar with a nutrient solution.

[0027] The nutrients in the nutrient solution are adsorbed and fixed by biochar, achieving a slow release of nutrients around the plant roots to reduce leaching losses of nutrients.

[0028] In summary, the present application includes at least one of the following beneficial technical effects: 1. By using the corresponding biochar materials and coordinating with the potting device structure, the synergistic technical effects of heat collection in the upper soil layer, heat storage and fertilizer preservation in the middle layer, and root promotion and fertilizer supplementation in the lower layer are achieved to meet the plant's needs for temperature, fertilizer and water; 2. Based on the light absorption and heat storage performance of biochar, the biochar-based solar evaporator located in the upper soil layer can achieve heat collection, and the biochar and biochar-based slow-release fertilizer particles located in the middle soil layer can accumulate the heat transferred from the upper soil layer, thereby achieving overall heat storage and warming of the soil; 3. Based on the adsorption performance of biochar, different fertilizers are slow-released in the upper, middle and lower soil layers respectively, achieving a fertilizer-saving effect; 4. Biochar prepared from palm shell, diatomaceous earth and Enteromorpha has better heat storage and slow release performance than biochar prepared from conventional biomass; 5. The biochar-based soil conditioner provided in this application has simple ingredients, a simple preparation method, low raw material costs, and can achieve the recycling of discarded biochar-based solar evaporators. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0029] Figure 1 is a schematic cross-sectional structural diagram of a potted plant device according to an embodiment of the present application; Figure 2 1 is a schematic diagram of a top view of a fertilizer tank of a potted plant device according to an embodiment of the present application; Figure 3 is a schematic cross-sectional structural diagram of another embodiment of the potted plant device of the present application; Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of the top view of the fertilizer trough of another implementation manner of the potted plant device in the embodiment of the present application.

[0030] Figure numerals: 1. basin body; 2. drainage hole; 3. fertilizer trough; 4. hanging rod; 5. through hole; 6. feeding pipe; 7. branch pipe. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0031] The following is combined with Figure 1-4 This application is described in further detail.

[0032] This embodiment discloses a potted plant device, referring to Figure 1 and Figure 2 The potted plant device includes a pot body 1, and a cross-shaped drainage hole 2 is provided at the bottom of the pot body 1. A fertilizer trough 3 is provided in the middle of the pot body 1, and the fertilizer trough 3 is used to place a mixed powder of biochar-based slow-release fertilizer particles and biochar. A plurality of hanging rods 4 are fixedly connected to the outer peripheral side of the fertilizer trough 3, and the hanging rods 4 are hung on the upper edge of the pot body 1. In one embodiment, the fertilizer trough 3 includes an annular groove. In another embodiment, referring to Figure 3 and Figure 4 The fertilizer trough 3 includes a plurality of concentric annular grooves, and the plurality of concentric annular grooves are hollowed out. The side wall and the bottom wall of the fertilizer trough 3 are both provided with a plurality of through holes 5 for the fertilizer to flow out.

[0033] The basin body 1 is provided with a feeding channel. For details, refer to Figure 1 and Figure 2 The feeding channel includes a feeding pipe 6 penetrating the wall of the basin body 1, and a plurality of feeding pipes 6 are provided, and the plurality of feeding pipes 6 are arranged at intervals along the circumference of the basin body 1. One end of the feeding pipe 6 located in the basin body 1 is connected with a plurality of branch pipes 7 with a diameter of millimeters, and the branch pipes 7 are used to transport the biochar-based liquid fertilizer to the plant root system in the lower soil through capillary action.

[0034] Taking melon potted planting as an example, the following describes the use of the above-mentioned potted planting device and an implementation method of a biochar-based heat-storing and fertilizer-saving potted planting method.

[0035] In the following examples, a biochar-based solar evaporator is prepared according to the method provided in Chinese patent CN118142186A. After the biochar-based solar evaporator is used for biogas slurry concentration, a biochar-based solar evaporator for biogas slurry evaporation and concentration is obtained.

[0036] Example 1 The present application provides a biochar-based heat storage and fertilizer saving potted planting method, using the above-mentioned potted planting device and the biochar-based soil conditioner, and the planting method includes the following steps: Step 1: Preparation of potted plant: a feeding channel is set on the pot body, a fertilizer tank is set in the middle of the pot body, and the biochar-based slow-release fertilizer particles and biochar powder are mixed and placed in the fertilizer tank, which specifically includes the following steps: Step 1.1. Select a truncated cone flower pot container with an upper diameter of 250 mm, a bottom diameter of 200 mm, and a height of 190 mm. Hang a fertilizer trough on its upper edge, and the outer diameter of the ring is 150 mm. The depth of the ring groove is 10 mm and the width is 10 mm. The length of the four hanging rods is 100 mm. There are 4 feeding tubes at the bottom of the potted container. The feeding tube is 30 mm long and 15 mm in diameter; the feeding tube is connected to 5 branch pipes, which are 20 mm long and 5 mm in diameter.

[0037] Step 1.2, preparation of biochar: Weigh palm shell, diatomaceous earth and Enteromorpha in a mass ratio of 1:1:8, totaling 20 g. After being fully impregnated and mixed and dried, place in a tube furnace, and heat to 600 °C at a heating rate of 10 °C / min under a nitrogen atmosphere, keep warm for 3 h, and obtain 5 g of biochar powder.

[0038] Step 1.3: Take 2 g of the biochar powder in step 1.2, and mix it with the biochar-based solar evaporator powder used for evaporation and concentration of biogas slurry, gypsum, borax, and chelated zinc in a ratio of 2:3:1:1:1 to produce 8 g of spherical biochar-based slow-release fertilizer particles with a diameter of 5 mm. Mix it with 2 g of biochar powder and put it into the fertilizer tank.

[0039] Step 2: Fill the pot with soil to 2 / 3 of the pot height, transplant the melon seedlings, and then add soil to the appropriate height of the pot.

[0040] Step 3: Recover the biochar-based solar evaporator used for evaporation and concentration of biogas slurry, crush it into powder, and evenly spread 2 g on the surface of potting soil.

[0041] Step 4: Mix the rooting solution and biochar in a mass ratio of 10:1 to obtain biochar-based liquid fertilizer, and inject 10 mL of biochar-based liquid fertilizer into the feeding tube to allow the biochar-based liquid fertilizer to be transported to the plant root system through capillary action. Finally, water the upper soil surface with appropriate water to ensure the water required for plant growth.

[0042] Example 2 The embodiments of the present application provide a potted planting method. The type of fertilizer and the preparation method used in Embodiment 2 are the same as those in Embodiment 1. The difference from Embodiment 1 is that Embodiment 2 uses an ordinary potted planting device, and the fertilizer is applied in an ordinary manner.

[0043] Specifically, the pot shape and size of the potting container are the same as those in Example 1, and the potting device does not include a fertilizer tank and a feeding channel. The biochar-based slow-release fertilizer particles and biochar powder are mixed and buried in the middle soil; the biochar-based liquid fertilizer is directly poured into the surface soil around the roots.

[0044] Example 3 The embodiments of the present application provide a potted planting method. The potted planting device and fertilizer application method used in Embodiment 3 are the same as those in Embodiment 1. The difference from Embodiment 1 is that the fertilizer used in Embodiment 3 is an ordinary fertilizer that does not contain biochar.

[0045] Specifically, gypsum, borax and chelated zinc are mixed and granulated in equal mass ratios to obtain 3 g of spherical slow-release fertilizer particles with a diameter of 5 mm, which are then put into a fertilizer tank of a potting device.

[0046] Mix urea, diammonium phosphate and potassium chloride in equal mass ratios to obtain nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers, and evenly spread 2 g on the surface of the potting soil.

[0047] Inject 10 mL of rooting solution into the feeding tube so that the rooting solution can be transported to the surrounding area of ​​the plant roots through capillary action.

[0048] Comparative Example The present application embodiment provides a potted planting method, which uses a common potted planting device and a common fertilizer without biochar. The specific method is: Select an ordinary potting container with an upper diameter of 250 mm, a bottom diameter of 200 mm, and a height of 190 mm. Add soil to the pot to 2 / 3 of the pot height, and transplant the melon seedlings; mix gypsum, borax, and chelated zinc in equal mass ratios to obtain 3g of spherical slow-release fertilizer particles with a diameter of 5 mm and bury them in the middle soil; then add soil to the appropriate height of the pot. Mix urea, diammonium phosphate, and potassium chloride in equal mass ratios to obtain nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium fertilizers, and evenly spread 2 g on the surface of the potting soil. Take 10 mL of rooting solution and irrigate the surface soil around the roots. Finally, irrigate the upper soil surface with appropriate water to ensure the moisture required during plant growth.

[0049] Index test: The melon potted plants of Examples 1-3 and the comparative example were placed on indoor balconies, and after one month of growth, the temperature increase at a depth of 5 cm in the soil, the contents of major and trace elements in the soil, and the growth of the melons were measured. The results are shown in Tables 1 and 2: Table 1 Some physical and chemical indicators of potting soil

[0050] Table 2 Some physiological indicators of melon seedlings

[0051] In terms of soil heat storage capacity, it can be seen from the comparison of the results of Example 1 and Example 3 in Table 1, and the comparison of the results of Example 2 and the comparative example that after adding the biochar-based soil conditioner, the temperature increase of the soil is effectively improved from 1.5°C (Example 3) and 1.2°C (Comparative Example) to 2.6°C (Example 1) and 2.3°C (Example 2), respectively, meeting the temperature requirements of thermophilic crops such as melons.

[0052] In terms of soil fertilizer-saving performance, it can be seen from the comparison of the results of Example 1 and Example 3 in Table 1, and the comparison of the results of Example 2 and the comparative example, that the addition of biochar-based soil conditioners increases the content of various fertilizers in potted soil compared to the addition of ordinary fertilizers. It is not difficult to understand that biochar has a certain fixing effect on fertilizers due to its excellent characteristics of being porous, high specific surface area, and rich in active sites, thereby effectively extending the release time of fertilizer nutrients, improving nutrient utilization efficiency, and reducing leaching losses. In addition, it can be seen from the comparison of the results of Example 1 and Example 2 in Table 1, and the comparison of the results of Example 3 and the comparative example, that the special structural design of the potted device provided in the present application also improves the retention efficiency of various fertilizers in ordinary potted soil to a certain extent.

[0053] It can be seen from the results in Table 2 that the growth of melons is actively promoted by using the potting device provided by the present application in combination with the biochar-based soil conditioner (Example 1).

[0054] The above are all preferred embodiments of the present application, and the protection scope of the present application is not limited thereto. Therefore, any equivalent changes made according to the structure, shape, and principle of the present application should be included in the protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A biochar-based heat storage and fertilizer-saving potted planting method, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Preparation of potted plant device: a feeding channel is set on the pot body, a fertilizer tank is set in the middle of the pot body, and biochar-based slow-release fertilizer particles and biochar powder are mixed and placed in the fertilizer tank; Fill the pot with soil and transplant the plant; The biochar-based solar evaporator used for evaporation and concentration of biogas slurry is recovered and crushed into powder, which is then spread on the surface of the potted soil; The biochar-based liquid fertilizer is injected into the subsoil in the pot body through the feeding channel.

2. A biochar-based heat storage and fertilizer-saving potted planting method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The side wall and the bottom wall of the fertilizer trough are both provided with a plurality of through holes.

3. A biochar-based heat storage and fertilizer-saving potted planting method according to claim 2, characterized in that: The fertilizer groove comprises an annular groove or a plurality of concentric annular grooves, and the plurality of concentric annular grooves are hollowed out.

4. A biochar-based heat storage and fertilizer-saving potted planting method according to claim 2, characterized in that: A hanging rod is fixedly connected to the outer peripheral side of the fertilizer trough, and the hanging rod is hung on the upper edge of the basin body.

5. The biochar-based heat storage and fertilizer-saving potted planting method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The feeding channel includes a feeding pipe that penetrates the wall of the basin body. One end of the feeding pipe located in the basin body is connected to a plurality of branch pipes with a diameter of millimeters. The branch pipes are used to transport the biochar-based liquid fertilizer to the vicinity of the plant roots through capillary action.

6. A biochar-based heat storage and fertilizer-saving potted planting method according to claim 5, characterized in that: A plurality of the feeding pipes are provided, and the plurality of the feeding pipes are arranged at intervals along the circumference of the basin body.

7. The biochar-based heat storage and fertilizer-saving potted planting method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The biochar is obtained by mixing palm shell, diatomaceous earth and biomass raw materials in a mass ratio of (1-5): (1-5): (5-10) and then pyrolyzing them. The biomass raw materials are one or more of enteromorpha, crayfish shells and animal bone meal.

8. A biochar-based heat storage and fertilizer-saving potted planting method according to claim 7, characterized in that: The biochar-based slow-release fertilizer particles are obtained by mixing biochar powder, medium and trace element fertilizers and biochar-based solar evaporator powder used for evaporation and concentration of biogas slurry and then granulating them.

9. A biochar-based heat storage and fertilizer-saving potted planting method according to claim 8, characterized in that: The medium and trace element fertilizers include one or more of lime, gypsum, borax and chelated zinc.

10. The biochar-based heat storage and fertilizer-saving potted planting method according to claim 7, characterized in that: The biochar-based liquid fertilizer is obtained by mixing biochar with a nutrient solution.

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