Compound feed for seriola aureovittata as well as preparation method and application thereof

Abstract

The invention discloses a compound feed for seriola aureovittata as well as a preparation method and application thereof, and relates to the technical field of aquaculture. Raw materials of the compound feed for the seriola aureovittata comprise a protein source, a fat source, a sugar source and auxiliary materials in a specific ratio, wherein the protein source comprises at least one of enzymolysis fish meal and enzymolysis fish cream; wherein the enzymolysis fish meal is obtained by performing enzymolysis on fish meal through protease, and the enzymolysis fish cream is obtained by performing enzymolysis on minced fillet through protease. Protein is degraded into small peptide and amino acid which are easy to absorb by using compound enzyme, so that nutrition absorption of the juvenile seriola quinqueradiata is facilitated, and the palatability of the compound feed is also improved; besides, a protein source, a fat source and a sugar source in the compound feed are set to be in a specific proportion for optimizing the fat level in the feed, so that the feed can better meet the nutritional requirements of the growth of the seriola aureovittata, the growth speed of the seriola aureovittata is effectively increased, and the feed coefficient and the feed cost are reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of aquaculture, and in particular to a greater amberjack compound feed, a preparation method and application thereof. Background Art

[0002] Greater amberjack is a deep-sea fish with fast growth, good meat quality and high nutritional value. It is listed as a famous and special aquatic product. It has high commercial value in the global aquatic product market and is expected to become a new variety for the development of my country's deep-sea aquaculture industry. At present, in the domestic greater amberjack aquaculture projects, there are few artificial feeds specifically studied for greater amberjack aquaculture, and the existing research direction is mainly in the direction of feed additives; the existing aquaculture feed is mainly natural ice-fresh wild fish. The use of wild fish as feed has problems such as low feed conversion efficiency, high storage cost, easy corruption and deterioration, large price fluctuations, and uneven quality, which seriously restricts the sustainable development of greater amberjack aquaculture; and the artificially synthesized protein raw materials or fat raw materials added to artificial feeds are prone to cause fish metabolic disorders, reduced feed utilization efficiency, and nutritional deficiencies. From the perspective of reducing feed costs and improving feed nutritional value and feed utilization, it is necessary to develop a special compound feed for greater amberjack to promote artificial large-scale aquaculture of greater amberjack. Summary of the invention

[0003] The main purpose of the invention is to develop a compound feed specially used for greater amberjack breeding, which can not only improve the growth rate of fish and reduce the feed coefficient, but also reduce the feed cost, thereby achieving high returns for the greater amberjack artificial breeding project.

[0004] To achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the present invention provides a greater amberjack feed, wherein the raw materials of the greater amberjack feed include a protein source, a fat source, a sugar source and auxiliary materials, wherein the weight ratio of the protein source, the fat source, the sugar source and the auxiliary materials is 80:(3.7-13.8):(3.2-13.3):3; the protein source includes at least one of enzymatically hydrolyzed fish meal and enzymatically hydrolyzed fish paste; wherein the enzymatically hydrolyzed fish meal is obtained by enzymatically hydrolyzing fish meal with protease, and the enzymatically hydrolyzed fish paste is obtained by enzymatically hydrolyzing fish paste with protease.

[0005] In one embodiment, the protein source includes the following raw materials in parts by weight: white fish meal: 20 to 46 parts; enzymatically hydrolyzed fish meal: 0 to 20 parts; enzymatically hydrolyzed fish paste: 0 to 20 parts; peeled soybean meal: 0 to 10 parts; gluten powder: 0 to 10 parts; whole shrimp meal: 0 to 20 parts; fermented soybean meal: 0 to 15 parts.

[0006] In one embodiment, the protein source includes the following raw materials in parts by weight: 33 parts of white fish meal; 10 parts of enzymatically hydrolyzed fish meal; 10 parts of enzymatically hydrolyzed fish paste; 5 parts of peeled soybean meal; 5 parts of gluten powder; 10 parts of whole shrimp meal; and 7 parts of fermented soybean meal.

[0007] In one embodiment, the protein hydrolysis degree of the enzymatically hydrolyzed fish meal is 16.9-18.3%; wherein the crude protein content of the enzymatically hydrolyzed fish meal is 63.4-65.3%, and / or the crude fat content of the enzymatically hydrolyzed fish meal is 8.8-9.2%;

[0008] In one embodiment, the crude protein content of the enzymatically hydrolyzed fish paste is 60.8-63.0%.

[0009] In one embodiment, the fat source includes the following raw materials in parts by weight: soybean oil: 1.5-5.8 parts; fish oil: 1.5-5.8 parts; phospholipids: 0.7-2.2 parts;

[0010] In one embodiment, the sugar source includes the following raw materials in parts by weight: alpha starch: 3.2 to 13.3 parts.

[0011] In one embodiment, the auxiliary materials include the following raw materials in parts by weight: monocalcium phosphate: 1 to 2 parts; vitamin mixture: 0.3 to 0.5 parts; mineral mixture: 0.4 to 0.6 parts; vitamin C phosphate: 0 to 0.2 parts; choline: 0.1 to 0.3 parts; taurine: 0 to 0.2 parts; lysine: 0 to 0.2 parts; methionine: 0 to 0.2 parts.

[0012] In one embodiment, in the auxiliary material, each 1000g of the vitamin mixture includes the following components: vitamin A ≥ 3.5 million IU; vitamin E ≥ 40g; vitamin D3: 1 million IU; vitamin K3 ≥ 4g; vitamin C ≥ 150g; vitamin B1 ≥ 8g; vitamin B2 ≥ 8g; vitamin B6 ≥ 8g; vitamin B 12 ≥0.015g; D-biotin ≥0.08g; folic acid ≥2.5g; D-calcium pantothenate ≥15g; niacinamide ≥30g; inositol ≥80g.

[0013] In one embodiment, in the auxiliary material, every 1000g of the mineral mixture includes the following components: potassium ≥42g; iron: 15-30g; cobalt: 0.21-0.42g; magnesium ≥8.3g; iodine: 0.11-0.22g; zinc: 3.5-7g; selenium: 0.02-0.04g; manganese: 2.3-4.6g; copper: 0.81-1.62g.

[0014] The present invention also proposes a method for preparing the greater amberjack compound feed, which comprises the following steps: S20, crushing, sieving and mixing the raw materials other than soybean oil, adding water to stir, extruding and puffing to obtain a puffed product; S30, crushing, sieving and drying the puffed product obtained in step S20, spraying soybean oil on it and stirring, crushing and sieving again to obtain the greater amberjack compound feed.

[0015] In one embodiment, in the greater amberjack feed, the preparation method of the enzymatic fish meal comprises the following steps: mixing fish meal and water in a weight ratio of 1:4 to obtain an enzymatic substrate, adjusting the pH and temperature, adding a protease mixture, hydrolyzing at a constant temperature, then performing an enzyme inactivation treatment, centrifuging, filtering to obtain the filtrate, freeze-drying and crushing the filtrate to obtain the enzymatic fish meal; wherein the protease composition comprises trypsin, papain and alkaline protease.

[0016] In one embodiment, in the greater amberjack feed, the method for preparing the enzymatically hydrolyzed fish paste comprises the following steps: mincing marine fish raw materials to obtain fish paste, adjusting the pH and temperature of the fish paste, adding a protease mixture, hydrolyzing the fish paste at a constant temperature, and then performing an enzyme inactivation treatment to obtain the enzymatically hydrolyzed fish paste; wherein the protease composition comprises trypsin, papain and alkaline protease.

[0017] The invention also proposes the use of the greater amberjack compound feed in improving the growth rate of greater amberjack fry.

[0018] The technical solution of the present invention designs a special compound feed for artificial breeding of greater amberjack, enzymatically hydrolyzed fish meal and enzymatically hydrolyzed fish paste are added to the compound feed as the main protein source, and the protein is degraded into easily absorbable small peptides and amino acids by using a complex enzyme, which is beneficial for the greater amberjack fry to absorb nutrients and improves the palatability of the compound feed; in addition, the present invention sets the protein source, fat source and sugar source in the compound feed to a specific ratio, optimizes the fat level in the feed, so that it can better meet the nutritional needs of the greater amberjack growth, effectively improves the growth rate of the greater amberjack, and reduces the feed coefficient and feed cost. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0019] The following will be combined with the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0020] It should be noted that if the embodiments of the present invention involve directional indications (such as up, down, left, right, front, back, etc.), the directional indications are only used to explain the relative position relationship, movement status, etc. between the components in a certain specific posture. If the specific posture changes, the directional indication will also change accordingly.

[0021] In addition, if there are descriptions involving "first", "second", etc. in the embodiments of the present invention, the descriptions of "first", "second", etc. are only used for descriptive purposes and cannot be understood as indicating or implying their relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Therefore, the features limited to "first" and "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one of the features. In addition, if "and / or" or "and / or" appears in the full text, its meaning includes three parallel solutions. Taking "A and / or B" as an example, it includes solution A, solution B, or solutions that satisfy both A and B. In addition, the technical solutions between the various embodiments can be combined with each other, but it must be based on the ability of ordinary technicians in this field to implement. When the combination of technical solutions is contradictory or cannot be implemented, it should be deemed that such combination of technical solutions does not exist and is not within the scope of protection required by the present invention.

[0022] The technical problem solved by the present invention is that, at present, in the domestic greater amberjack breeding project, the existing breeding feed is mainly natural ice-fresh wild fish, and the use of wild fish as feed has the problems of low feed conversion efficiency, high storage cost, easy corruption and deterioration, large price fluctuations, uneven quality, etc., which seriously restricts the sustainable development of the greater amberjack breeding industry; and the artificially synthesized protein raw materials or fat raw materials added to the artificial feed are easy to cause fish metabolism disorders, reduced feed utilization efficiency, nutritional deficiencies and other problems.

[0023] In order to solve the above technical problems, a special compound feed for greater amberjack is designed to meet various nutrients required for the growth of greater amberjack and reduce feed costs.

[0024] The invention provides a compound feed for greater amberjack. The raw materials of the compound feed for greater amberjack include a protein source, a fat source, a sugar source and auxiliary materials, wherein the weight ratio of the protein source, the fat source, the sugar source and the auxiliary materials is 80:(3.7-13.8):(3.2-13.3):3; the protein source includes at least one of enzymatically hydrolyzed fish meal and enzymatically hydrolyzed fish paste; wherein the enzymatically hydrolyzed fish meal is obtained by enzymatically hydrolyzing fish meal with protease, and the enzymatically hydrolyzed fish paste is obtained by enzymatically hydrolyzing fish paste with protease.

[0025] It should be noted that the present invention controls the dosage ratio of the protein source, fat source, sugar source and auxiliary materials in the compound feed, sets compound feeds with different gradient fat contents for feeding the greater amberjack fry respectively, and obtains the preferred feed ratio through parameters such as the body indicators of the greater amberjack after feeding for a period of time; wherein, the present invention adds enzymatic fish meal and enzymatic fish paste to the protein source, which contain more small molecule polypeptides, amino acids, etc., which can not only promote the absorption of nutrients by the fry, but also improve the palatability of the feed, and the raw materials such as protease used in the enzymatic fish meal and the enzymatic fish paste are all natural raw materials, and no chemical additives are used in the enzymatic hydrolysis process, which meets the characteristics of safety and greenness.

[0026] It should also be noted that the fish meal used in the preparation of enzymatic fish meal can be white fish meal, red fish meal, brown fish meal, or a mixture of the above fish meals. The raw materials of fish meal include cod, sardines, mackerel, saury, sea crucian carp, silver needle fish, mackerel and other cheap marine fish; preferably, the fish meal uses white fish meal, the main raw material of which is cod, with a protein content of up to 65% and a relatively high fat content.

[0027] It should also be noted that the raw materials of the surimi used in the preparation of enzymatic fish paste can be inexpensive marine fish such as anchovies, blue tuna, white trevally, sardines, white meagre, conger eel, golden threadfish, copper basin fish, and hairtail; preferably, the raw materials of the surimi are anchovies and / or blue tuna, which are rich in nutrients such as protein, amino acids and unsaturated fatty acids, and have good palatability, are easily accepted by farmed fish, increase the food intake of fish, and are in sufficient supply and low cost.

[0028] In one embodiment of the present invention, the protein source includes the following raw materials in parts by weight: white fish meal: 20 to 46 parts; enzymatic fish meal: 0 to 20 parts; enzymatic fish paste: 0 to 20 parts; peeled soybean meal: 0 to 10 parts; gluten powder: 0 to 10 parts; whole shrimp meal: 0 to 20 parts; fermented soybean meal: 0 to 15 parts.

[0029] It should be noted that, in this embodiment, both white fish meal and enzymatic fish meal are added to make the raw materials of the protein source comprehensive, including traditional fish meal rich in high-quality protein, essential amino acids, and lipids, as well as small peptides and free amino acids in enzymatic fish meal; another animal protein source in this embodiment uses whole shrimp meal, which has a high protein content. After adding a certain proportion of whole shrimp meal, the appetizing and palatability of the feed will be further improved.

[0030] It should also be noted that the plant protein sources used in this embodiment include peeled soybean meal, fermented soybean meal and gluten powder. Soybean meal is a high-quality feed raw material rich in protein, and its crude protein content is usually between 40-48%, which can provide lysine and methionine necessary for the growth of greater amberjack. Secondly, an appropriate amount of soybean meal can help maintain the intestinal health of greater amberjack and improve its disease resistance. The reasons for using peeled soybean meal and fermented soybean meal instead of ordinary soybean meal include that ordinary soybean meal contains a variety of anti-nutritional factors, such as trypsin inhibitors, phytic acid, oligosaccharides, etc., which will interfere with the digestive system of fish and reduce the absorption efficiency of protein and other nutrients. In addition, the cellulose content in ordinary soybean meal is high, which is difficult for fish to digest and absorb after consumption, thereby reducing the feed conversion rate of the feed. In addition, the use of plant protein source can further reduce costs.

[0031] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the protein source comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: white fish meal: 33 parts; enzymatic fish meal: 10 parts; enzymatic fish paste: 10 parts; peeled soybean meal: 5 parts; gluten powder: 5 parts; whole shrimp meal: 10 parts; fermented soybean meal: 7 parts.

[0032] In one embodiment of the present invention, the protein hydrolysis degree of the enzymatically hydrolyzed fish meal is 16.9-18.3%;

[0033] The crude protein content of the enzymatically hydrolyzed fish meal is 63.4-65.3%, and / or the crude fat content of the enzymatically hydrolyzed fish meal is 8.8-9.2%.

[0034] In one embodiment of the present invention, the proteases used in the enzymatic fish meal preparation process include trypsin, papain and alkaline protease, and the dosage is 2% of the enzymatic substrate, wherein the amount of trypsin is 50000-80000u / g, the amount of papain is 6000-10000u / mg, and the amount of alkaline protease is 200000-30000u / g.

[0035] It should be noted that, in this embodiment, by using a specific ratio of protease to enzymolyze fish meal, controlling the enzymolysis time and other conditions of the enzymolysis reaction, the utilization rate of protein is improved on the basis of the existing high-protein enzymolysis substrate. The above-mentioned protease can decompose more leucine, threonine, phenylalanine, lysine and methionine and some small peptides necessary for the growth of greater amberjack. The total amount of amino acids and small peptides in the fish meal after enzymolysis is significantly improved, and the types of amino acids or small peptides obtained by enzymolysis are mostly necessary for the growth of greater amberjack, which can promote the resynthesis of amino acids in the greater amberjack and then promote the production of protein in the greater amberjack, thereby increasing the protein content in the muscle of greater amberjack, thereby increasing the growth rate of greater amberjack and the overall meat quality of greater amberjack.

[0036] In one embodiment of the present invention, the crude protein content of the enzymatically hydrolyzed fish paste is 60.8-63.0%.

[0037] In one embodiment of the present invention, the proteases used in the enzymatic fish paste preparation process include trypsin, papain and alkaline protease, and the dosage is 2% of the enzymatic substrate, among which the amount of trypsin is 50000-80000u / g, the amount of papain is 6000-10000u / mg, and the amount of alkaline protease is 200000-30000u / g.

[0038] It should be noted that there is no significant difference in the enzymatic substrates between enzymatically hydrolyzed fish meal and enzymatically hydrolyzed fish paste, both of which are low-priced fish and seafood products, so there is no difference in the combination ratio of proteases; it can be expected that the use of enzymatically hydrolyzed fish paste in feed can also increase the protein content in the muscle of greater amberjack, thereby increasing the growth rate of greater amberjack and the overall meat quality of greater amberjack.

[0039] In one embodiment of the present invention, the fat source comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: soybean oil: 1.5-5.8 parts; fish oil: 1.5-5.8 parts; phospholipids: 0.7-2.2 parts.

[0040] It should be noted that the present invention uses fish oil and soybean oil in equal proportions, which not only provides a large amount of essential unsaturated fatty acids and energy to meet the nutritional needs of fish and improve the fish meat quality of greater amberjack, but also saves protein usage to a certain extent and improves the protein utilization rate of feed; in addition, the use of soybean oil can also prevent adhesion during feed preparation and maintain a good morphology of the feed; the fatty acids, phosphatidic acid, etc. in phospholipids can promote the development of fish nerves, and can also provide linolenic acid and linoleic acid that fish cannot synthesize by themselves, which are essential nutrients for the growth of greater amberjack.

[0041] In one embodiment of the present invention, the sugar source includes the following raw materials in parts by weight: alpha starch: 3.2 to 13.3 parts. It can be expected that, on the one hand, alpha starch as a sugar source can provide the most direct raw material for the daily activities of greater amberjack, and on the other hand, alpha starch has high adhesiveness, which increases the smoothness of feed particles and the particle strength of feed.

[0042] In one embodiment of the present invention, the auxiliary materials include the following raw materials in parts by weight: monocalcium phosphate: 1 to 2 parts; vitamin mixture: 0.3 to 0.5 parts; mineral mixture: 0.4 to 0.6 parts; vitamin C phosphate: 0 to 0.2 parts; choline: 0.1 to 0.3 parts; taurine: 0 to 0.2 parts; lysine: 0 to 0.2 parts; methionine: 0 to 0.2 parts.

[0043] It should be noted that the calcium dihydrogen phosphate in the auxiliary material provides phosphorus and calcium elements for fish, enhances the physical fitness and disease resistance of greater amberjack, and thus improves the survival rate of greater amberjack fry during growth; choline can promote the resynthesis of amino acids in greater amberjack, and improve the immunity and metabolic level of the fish; vitamin C phosphate is obtained by catalytic phosphating, and compared with coated vitamin C or crystalline vitamin C, the average retention rate after granulation is as high as 90%, and the vitamin C in the form of phosphate can be converted into free vitamin C in the fish, which can improve the immunity of the fish; lysine and methionine are limiting essential amino acids that cannot be synthesized in fish, and the use of artificially produced lysine and methionine to meet the needs of aquatic animals can improve the nutritional value of feed protein.

[0044] In one embodiment of the present invention, in the auxiliary materials, every 1000g of the vitamin mixture includes the following components: vitamin A ≥3.5 million IU; vitamin E ≥40g; vitamin D3: 1 million IU; vitamin K3 ≥4g; vitamin C ≥150g; vitamin B1 ≥8g; vitamin B2 ≥8g; vitamin B6 ≥8g; vitamin B12 ≥0.015g; D-biotin ≥0.08g; folic acid ≥2.5g; D-calcium pantothenate ≥15g; niacinamide ≥30g; inositol ≥80g.

[0045] In one embodiment of the present invention, in the auxiliary material, every 1000g of the mineral mixture includes the following components: potassium ≥42g; iron: 15-30g; cobalt: 0.21-0.42g; magnesium ≥8.3g; iodine: 0.11-0.22g; zinc: 3.5-7g; selenium: 0.02-0.04g; manganese: 2.3-4.6g; copper: 0.81-1.62g.

[0046] It should be noted that the vitamin mixture mainly provides the fish with various vitamins to promote metabolism; the mineral element mixture mainly provides the fish with various essential trace elements to ensure the normal growth of the greater amberjack.

[0047] The present invention also provides a method for preparing the greater amberjack compound feed, and the method for preparing the greater amberjack compound feed comprises the following steps:

[0048] S20, grinding, sieving and mixing the raw materials except soybean oil, adding water to mix well, and extruding and puffing to obtain a puffed product;

[0049] S30, crushing, sieving, and drying the expanded material obtained in step S20, spraying soybean oil on it and stirring it evenly, crushing and sieving it again to obtain the greater amberjack compound feed.

[0050] In one embodiment of the present invention, the method for preparing enzymatically hydrolyzed fish meal comprises the following steps:

[0051] The fish meal and water are mixed in a weight ratio of 1:4 to obtain an enzymatic substrate, the pH and temperature are adjusted, a protease mixture is added, a constant temperature hydrolysis treatment is performed, and then an enzyme inactivation treatment is performed, the mixture is centrifuged, the filtrate is filtered, and the filtrate is freeze-dried and crushed to obtain the enzymatic fish meal.

[0052] In a specific embodiment, the method for preparing enzymatically hydrolyzed fish meal comprises the following steps:

[0053] Fish meal and water are mixed in a weight ratio of 1:4 to obtain an enzymatic substrate, the pH value of the enzymatic substrate is adjusted to 7.5 and the temperature is 50°C, 2% of trypsin, papain and alkaline protease in the enzymatic substrate are added as a protease combination to the enzymatic substrate, and constant temperature oscillation is performed for 5 hours to obtain an enzymatic solution, and then the enzymatic solution is boiled in a water bath for 15 minutes to inactivate the enzyme, and then centrifuged at 5000r / min for 30 minutes, and the filtrate is filtered and separated using a 500-mesh filter cloth, and the filtrate is freeze-dried and crushed to obtain enzymatic fish meal.

[0054] In one embodiment of the present invention, the method for preparing enzymatically hydrolyzed surimi comprises the following steps:

[0055] The marine fish raw material is minced to obtain fish paste, the pH and temperature of the fish paste are adjusted, a protease mixture is added, and a constant temperature hydrolysis treatment is performed, followed by an enzyme inactivation treatment to obtain the enzymatic fish paste.

[0056] In a specific embodiment, the method for preparing the enzymatically hydrolyzed surimi comprises the following steps:

[0057] The blue round tuna is minced to obtain surimi, the pH value of the surimi is adjusted to 7.5 and the temperature is adjusted to 50°C, 2% of trypsin, papain and alkaline protease are respectively added to the surimi as a protease combination, and the mixture is oscillated at a constant temperature for 5 hours to obtain an enzymatic solution, and then the enzymatic solution is placed in a boiling water bath for 15 minutes to inactivate the enzymes to obtain the enzymatic fish slurry.

[0058] The present invention also provides an application of the greater amberjack compound feed in improving the growth rate of greater amberjack fry.

[0059] The present invention is further described below by means of specific embodiments:

[0060] The sources of the raw materials in the examples of the present invention are all commercially available, as follows; the present invention does not impose any particular limitation on the sources of the raw materials.

[0061] The vitamin mixture and mineral mixture were purchased from Guangzhou Lijia Biotechnology Co., Ltd. In this batch, the ingredients and content of each ingredient per 1000 vitamin mixture are as follows: Vitamin A: 4 million IU; Vitamin E: 42g; Vitamin D3: 1.35 million IU; Vitamin K3: 4g; Vitamin C: 182g; Vitamin B1: 8.4g; Vitamin B2: 10g; Vitamin B6: 11.6g; Vitamin B 12: 0.03g; D-biotin: 0.15g; folic acid: 2.8g; D-calcium pantothenate: 19.2g; niacinamide: 34g; inositol: 88g; the composition and content of each component of each 1000g mineral mixture are: potassium: 45.7g; iron: 19.2g; cobalt 0.33g; magnesium: 12.5g; iodine: 0.17g; zinc: 4.3g; selenium: 0.03g; manganese: 2.8g; copper: 1.22g.

[0062] The CP content of the peeled soybean meal in the embodiment of the present invention is 46%; the purity of choline is 50%; the purity of phospholipids is 55%; white fish meal is purchased from Guangdong Zhongfu Industrial Co., Ltd.; fermented soybean meal is purchased from Dongguan Fuzhiyuan Agricultural Development Co., Ltd.; gluten powder is purchased from Shandong Qufeng Food Technology Co., Ltd.; whole shrimp meal is purchased from Guangdong Senyuhai Aquatic Technology Co., Ltd.; fish oil is purchased from Foshan Damao Feed Co., Ltd.

[0063] Example 1

[0064] The greater amberjack compound feed in Example 1 includes the following raw materials in parts by weight:

[0065] White fish meal: 33 parts; Enzymatic fish meal: 10 parts; Enzymatic fish paste: 10 parts; Dehulled soybean meal: 5 parts; Gluten: 5 parts; Whole shrimp meal: 10 parts; Fermented soybean meal: 7 parts;

[0066] Soybean oil: 4.6 parts; Fish oil: 4.6 parts; Lecithin: 2.1 parts;

[0067] Alpha starch 5.7 parts;

[0068] Calcium dihydrogen phosphate: 1.5 parts; Vitamin mixture: 0.4 parts; Mineral mixture: 0.5 parts; Vitamin C phosphate: 0.1 parts; Choline: 0.2 parts; Taurine: 0.1 parts; Lysine: 0.1 parts; Methionine: 0.1 parts.

[0069] Example 2

[0070] The greater amberjack compound feed in Example 2 includes the following raw materials in parts by weight:

[0071] White fish meal: 20 parts; enzymatic fish meal: 10 parts; enzymatic fish paste: 10 parts; peeled soybean meal: 0 parts; gluten powder: 5 parts; whole shrimp meal: 20 parts; fermented soybean meal: 15 parts.

[0072] Soybean oil: 4.6 parts; Fish oil: 4.6 parts; Lecithin: 2.1 parts;

[0073] Alpha starch 5.7 parts;

[0074] Calcium dihydrogen phosphate: 1.5 parts; Vitamin mixture: 0.4 parts; Mineral mixture: 0.5 parts; Vitamin C phosphate: 0.1 parts; Choline: 0.2 parts; Taurine: 0.1 parts; Lysine: 0.1 parts; Methionine: 0.1 parts.

[0075] Example 3

[0076] The greater amberjack compound feed in Example 3 includes the following raw materials in parts by weight:

[0077] White fish meal: 46 parts; enzymatic fish meal: 0 parts; enzymatic fish paste: 10 parts; peeled soybean meal: 5 parts; gluten powder: 5 parts; whole shrimp meal: 5 parts; fermented soybean meal: 9 parts.

[0078] Soybean oil: 4.6 parts; Fish oil: 4.6 parts; Lecithin: 2.1 parts;

[0079] Alpha starch 5.7 parts;

[0080] Calcium dihydrogen phosphate: 1.5 parts; Vitamin mixture: 0.4 parts; Mineral mixture: 0.5 parts; Vitamin C phosphate: 0.1 parts; Choline: 0.2 parts; Taurine: 0.1 parts; Lysine: 0.1 parts; Methionine: 0.1 parts.

[0081] Example 4

[0082] The greater amberjack compound feed in Example 4 includes the following raw materials in parts by weight:

[0083] White fish meal: 33 parts; enzymatic fish meal: 0 parts; enzymatic fish paste: 20 parts; peeled soybean meal: 5 parts; gluten powder: 5 parts; whole shrimp meal: 10 parts; fermented soybean meal: 7 parts.

[0084] Soybean oil: 4.6 parts; Fish oil: 4.6 parts; Lecithin: 2.1 parts;

[0085] Alpha starch 5.7 parts;

[0086] Calcium dihydrogen phosphate: 1.5 parts; Vitamin mixture: 0.4 parts; Mineral mixture: 0.5 parts; Vitamin C phosphate: 0.1 parts; Choline: 0.2 parts; Taurine: 0.1 parts; Lysine: 0.1 parts; Methionine: 0.1 parts.

[0087] Example 5

[0088] The greater amberjack compound feed in Example 5 includes the following raw materials in parts by weight:

[0089] White fish meal: 33 parts; enzymatic fish meal: 20 parts; enzymatic fish paste: 0 parts; peeled soybean meal: 5 parts; gluten powder: 5 parts; whole shrimp meal: 10 parts; fermented soybean meal: 7 parts.

[0090] Soybean oil: 4.6 parts; Fish oil: 4.6 parts; Lecithin: 2.1 parts;

[0091] Alpha starch 5.7 parts;

[0092] Calcium dihydrogen phosphate: 1.5 parts; Vitamin mixture: 0.4 parts; Mineral mixture: 0.5 parts; Vitamin C phosphate: 0.1 parts; Choline: 0.2 parts; Taurine: 0.1 parts; Lysine: 0.1 parts; Methionine: 0.1 parts.

[0093] Example 6

[0094] The greater amberjack compound feed in Example 6 includes the following raw materials in parts by weight:

[0095] White fish meal: 33 parts; enzymatic fish meal: 10 parts; enzymatic fish paste: 10 parts; peeled soybean meal: 5 parts; gluten powder: 5 parts; whole shrimp meal: 10 parts; fermented soybean meal: 7 parts.

[0096] Soybean oil: 1.5 parts; Fish oil: 1.5 parts; Lecithin: 1.5 parts;

[0097] 13.3 parts of alpha starch;

[0098] Calcium dihydrogen phosphate: 1.5 parts; Vitamin mixture: 0.4 parts; Mineral mixture: 0.5 parts; Vitamin C phosphate: 0.1 parts; Choline: 0.2 parts; Taurine: 0.1 parts; Lysine: 0.1 parts; Methionine: 0.1 parts.

[0099] Example 7

[0100] The greater amberjack compound feed in Example 7 includes the following raw materials in parts by weight:

[0101] White fish meal: 33 parts; enzymatic fish meal: 10 parts; enzymatic fish paste: 10 parts; peeled soybean meal: 5 parts; gluten powder: 5 parts; whole shrimp meal: 10 parts; fermented soybean meal: 7 parts.

[0102] Soybean oil: 2.5 parts; Fish oil: 2.5 parts; Lecithin: 1.2 parts;

[0103] 10.8 parts of alpha starch;

[0104] Calcium dihydrogen phosphate: 1.5 parts; Vitamin mixture: 0.4 parts; Mineral mixture: 0.5 parts; Vitamin C phosphate: 0.1 parts; Choline: 0.2 parts; Taurine: 0.1 parts; Lysine: 0.1 parts; Methionine: 0.1 parts.

[0105] Example 8

[0106] The greater amberjack compound feed in Example 8 includes the following raw materials in parts by weight:

[0107] White fish meal: 33 parts; enzymatic fish meal: 10 parts; enzymatic fish paste: 10 parts; peeled soybean meal: 5 parts; gluten powder: 5 parts; whole shrimp meal: 10 parts; fermented soybean meal: 7 parts.

[0108] Soybean oil: 3.6 parts; Fish oil: 3.6 parts; Lecithin: 1.5 parts;

[0109] 8.3 parts of alpha starch;

[0110] Calcium dihydrogen phosphate: 1.5 parts; Vitamin mixture: 0.4 parts; Mineral mixture: 0.5 parts; Vitamin C phosphate: 0.1 parts; Choline: 0.2 parts; Taurine: 0.1 parts; Lysine: 0.1 parts; Methionine: 0.1 parts.

[0111] Comparative Example 1

[0112] The greater amberjack compound feed in Comparative Example 1 includes the following raw materials in parts by weight:

[0113] White fish meal: 33 parts; enzymatic fish meal: 10 parts; enzymatic fish paste: 10 parts; peeled soybean meal: 5 parts; gluten powder: 5 parts; whole shrimp meal: 10 parts; fermented soybean meal: 7 parts.

[0114] Soybean oil: 5.8 parts; Fish oil: 5.8 parts; Lecithin: 2.2 parts;

[0115] 3.2 parts of alpha starch;

[0116] Calcium dihydrogen phosphate: 1.5 parts; Vitamin mixture: 0.4 parts; Mineral mixture: 0.5 parts; Vitamin C phosphate: 0.1 parts; Choline: 0.2 parts; Taurine: 0.1 parts; Lysine: 0.1 parts; Methionine: 0.1 parts.

[0117] Comparative Example 2

[0118] The greater amberjack compound feed in Comparative Example 2 includes the following raw materials in parts by weight:

[0119] White fish meal: 33 parts; Enzymatic fish meal: 0 parts; Enzymatic fish paste: 0 parts; Dehulled soybean meal: 10 parts; Gluten: 10 parts; Whole shrimp meal: 20 parts; Fermented soybean meal: 7 parts;

[0120] Soybean oil: 4.6 parts; Fish oil: 4.6 parts; Lecithin: 2.1 parts;

[0121] Alpha starch 5.7 parts;

[0122] Calcium dihydrogen phosphate: 1.5 parts; Vitamin mixture: 0.4 parts; Mineral mixture: 0.5 parts; Vitamin C phosphate: 0.1 parts; Choline: 0.2 parts; Taurine: 0.1 parts; Lysine: 0.1 parts; Methionine: 0.1 parts.

[0123] The preparation methods of the greater amberjack compound feed in Example 1-8 and Comparative Example 1-2 are the same, and the preparation methods of the enzymatically hydrolyzed fish meal and enzymatically hydrolyzed fish paste in Example 1-8 and Comparative Example 1-2 are also the same.

[0124] The preparation method of the enzymatically hydrolyzed fish meal in Examples 1-8 and Comparative Examples 1-2 comprises the following steps:

[0125] Fish meal and water are mixed in a weight ratio of 1:4 to obtain an enzymatic substrate, the pH value of the enzymatic substrate is adjusted to 7.5 and the temperature is 50°C, 2% by mass of trypsin, papain and alkaline protease are added to the enzymatic substrate as a protease combination, and constant temperature oscillation is performed for 5 hours to obtain an enzymatic solution, and then the enzymatic solution is boiled in a water bath for 15 minutes to inactivate the enzyme, and then centrifuged at 5000r / min for 30 minutes, and the filtrate is filtered and separated using a 500-mesh filter cloth, and the filtrate is freeze-dried and crushed to obtain enzymatic fish meal.

[0126] The preparation method of the enzymatically hydrolyzed fish paste in Examples 1-8 and Comparative Examples 1-2 comprises the following steps:

[0127] The blue round tuna is minced to obtain surimi, the pH value of the surimi is adjusted to 7.5 and the temperature is adjusted to 50°C, 2% by mass of trypsin, papain and alkaline protease are respectively added to the surimi as a protease combination, and the mixture is oscillated at a constant temperature for 5 hours to obtain an enzymatic solution, and then the enzymatic solution is placed in a boiling water bath for 15 minutes to inactivate the enzymes, thereby obtaining the enzymatic fish slurry.

[0128] The fish meal is cod fish meal; the amount of trypsin per unit mass is about 63000u / g, the amount of papain per unit mass is about 7000u / mg, and the amount of alkaline protease per unit mass is about 220000u / g.

[0129] The preparation method of the greater amberjack compound feed in Examples 1-8 and Comparative Examples 1-2 comprises the following steps:

[0130] S20, grinding the raw materials except soybean oil, passing through a 0.2 mm grading sieve and mixing, adding water and stirring until the water content is about 30%, and then extruding and puffing, the temperatures of the feeding section, the extrusion section and the discharging section are 90° C., 105° C. and 125° C. respectively, and the screw speed is 260 rpm to obtain an expanded product;

[0131] S30, the expanded material obtained in step S20 is crushed, passed through a 40-mesh sieve, dried, sprayed with soybean oil and stirred, crushed again, passed through a 0.2 mm grading sieve, and the greater amberjack compound feed is obtained.

[0132] Performance Test:

[0133] A greater amberjack breeding experiment was carried out in 30 breeding cages of 1m×1m×1m. 900 healthy greater amberjack fry of similar weight were selected and divided into 10 experimental groups of Examples 1-8 and Comparative Examples 1-2, each with 3 breeding cages and 30 fry in each breeding cage. The greater amberjack fry artificial feeds of Examples 1-8 and Comparative Examples 1-2 were fed twice a day, and the feeding amount each time was based on the greater amberjack fry school no longer feeding, and the fish school no feeding was used as a feeding stop signal, and the culture was carried out for 60 days.

[0134] After the 60-day culture experiment, the juvenile greater amberjack was fasted for 24 hours. Ten fish were randomly selected from the cages of each experimental group and then anesthetized with 100 mg / L of ethyl m-aminobenzoate methanesulfonate (MS-222). After anesthesia, the body length and weight of all fish, as well as the weight of viscera and liver, were measured to calculate body shape indicators and feed conversion ratio.

[0135] Among them, the measurement indicators and calculation methods are as follows:

[0136] Specific growth rate = 100 × (InW-lnW o ) / t;

[0137] Fullness = 100 × W / L 3 ,

[0138] Liver volume index = 100 × W h / W,

[0139] Visceral index = 100 × W v / W,

[0140] Feed coefficient = W f / (W t -W o )

[0141] Where, t is the number of days of feeding (d); W f is the dry weight of total feed intake (g); W t is the final average weight (g); W o is the initial average weight (g); W v Visceral weight (g); W h Liver weight (g); W is final body weight (g); L is body length (cm). The measurement and calculation results of each group are shown in Table 1.

[0142] Table 1

[0143]

[0144] According to Table 1, the liver-body ratio, visceral-body ratio and fatness of the young greater amberjack in the Example 1-8 groups were not significantly different from those in the Comparative Example 1 group (P>0.05), but the specific growth rate of the Example 1-5 groups was significantly higher than that of the other groups (P<0.05), and the feed coefficient of the Example 1 and 5 groups was significantly lower than that of the Comparative Example 1 group (P<0.05), and the Example 1 group had a higher specific growth rate and a lower feed coefficient than the Example 5 group, indicating that the use of the artificial compound feed of the young greater amberjack in the Example 1 group has a lower breeding cost and a faster growth rate. Therefore, it is believed that the raw material ratio of the artificial compound feed of the Example 1 group is more in line with the nutritional requirements of the greater amberjack, the design is more scientific and balanced, the feed coefficient is effectively reduced, and the growth rate is increased, which has significant advantages such as reducing breeding costs and shortening the breeding cycle. Therefore, under the condition that the distribution ratio of the protein source group is controlled to remain unchanged, the compound feed with the fat source content level corresponding to the Example 1 is more in line with the nutritional requirements of the greater amberjack.

[0145] According to Table 1, there are no significant differences (P>0.05) between the juvenile greater amberjack of Examples 1-8 and the juvenile greater amberjack of Comparative Example 2 in growth rate, liver-to-body ratio, and fatness, and the feed coefficient of Comparative Example 2 is also significantly higher than that of the Examples, which shows that the compound feed in Comparative Example 2 has the worst effect on promoting the growth of juvenile greater amberjack; and the biggest difference between the compound feed in Comparative Example 2 and that in Example 1 is that the protein source in Comparative Example 2 does not contain enzymatically hydrolyzed fish meal or enzymatically hydrolyzed fish paste. Therefore, the present invention meets the nutritional requirements of greater amberjack by adding enzymatically hydrolyzed fish meal or enzymatically hydrolyzed fish paste as the main component of the protein source in the compound feed, and the design is more scientific and balanced, which can effectively reduce the feed coefficient and increase the growth rate, and has the effect of reducing the breeding cost.

[0146] In addition, the compound feed of the present invention has the advantages of easy storage, convenient feeding, good stability in water, and not easy to pollute the breeding water body, and is conducive to the large-scale breeding of greater amberjack fry.

[0147] The above description is only an exemplary embodiment of the present invention, and does not limit the patent scope of the present invention. All equivalent structural changes made by using the contents of the present invention specification under the technical concept of the present invention, or direct / indirect application in other related technical fields are included in the patent protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A compound feed for greater amberjack, characterized in that: The raw materials of the greater amberjack compound feed include a protein source, a fat source, a sugar source and an auxiliary material, and the weight ratio of the protein source, the fat source, the sugar source and the auxiliary material is 80: (3.7-13.8): (3.2-13.3): 3; The protein source includes at least one of enzymatically hydrolyzed fish meal and enzymatically hydrolyzed fish paste; The enzymatically hydrolyzed fish meal is obtained by enzymatically hydrolyzing fish meal with protease, and the enzymatically hydrolyzed fish paste is obtained by enzymatically hydrolyzing fish paste with protease.

2. The greater amberjack compound feed according to claim 1, wherein: The protein source includes the following raw materials in parts by weight: White fish meal: 20-46 parts; Enzymatic fish meal: 0-20 parts; Enzymatic fish paste: 0-20 parts; Dehulled soybean meal: 0-10 parts; Gluten: 0-10 parts; Whole shrimp powder: 0-20 portions; Fermented soybean meal: 0-15 parts.

3. The greater amberjack compound feed according to claim 1, wherein: The protein source includes the following raw materials in parts by weight: White fish meal: 33 parts; Enzymatic fish meal: 10 parts; Enzymatic fish paste: 10 parts; Dehulled soybean meal: 5 parts; Gluten: 5 parts; Whole shrimp powder: 10 portions; Fermented soybean meal: 7 parts.

4. The greater amberjack compound feed according to claim 1, wherein: The protein hydrolysis degree of the enzymatically hydrolyzed fish meal is 16.9-18.3%; Wherein, the crude protein content of the enzymatically hydrolyzed fish meal is 63.4-65.3%, and / or the crude fat content of the enzymatically hydrolyzed fish meal is 8.8-9.2%; And / or, the crude protein content of the enzymatically hydrolyzed fish paste is 60.8-63.0%.

5. The greater amberjack compound feed according to claim 1, wherein: The fat source includes the following raw materials in parts by weight: Soybean oil: 1.5-5.8 parts; Fish oil: 1.5-5.8 parts; Phospholipids: 0.7-2.2 parts; And / or, the sugar source comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: Alpha starch: 3.2-13.3 parts.

6. The greater amberjack compound feed according to claim 1, wherein: The auxiliary materials include the following raw materials in parts by weight: Calcium dihydrogen phosphate: 1-2 parts; Vitamin mixture: 0.3-0.5 parts; Mineral mixture: 0.4-0.6 parts; Vitamin C phosphate: 0-0.2 parts; Choline: 0.1-0.3 parts; Taurine: 0-0.2 parts; Lysine: 0-0.2 parts; Methionine: 0 to 0.2 parts.

7. The greater amberjack compound feed according to claim 6, wherein: In the auxiliary materials, each 1000g of the vitamin mixture includes the following components: Vitamin A ≥ 3.5 million IU; Vitamin E ≥ 40g; Vitamin D3: 1 million IU; Vitamin K3 ≥ 4g; Vitamin C ≥ 150g; Vitamin B1 ≥ 8g; Vitamin B2 ≥ 8g; Vitamin B6 ≥ 8g; Vitamin B 12 ≥0.015g; D-biotin ≥0.08g; folic acid ≥2.5g; D-calcium pantothenate ≥15g; niacinamide ≥30g; inositol ≥80g; And / or, in the auxiliary material, each 1000g of the mineral mixture comprises the following components: Potassium ≥42g; Iron: 15-30g; Cobalt: 0.21-0.42g; Magnesium ≥8.3g; Iodine: 0.11-0.22 g; Zinc: 3.5-7 g; Selenium: 0.02-0.04 g; Manganese: 2.3-4.6 g; Copper: 0.81~1.62g.

8. A method for preparing the greater amberjack compound feed according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that: The preparation method of the greater amberjack compound feed comprises the following steps: S20, grinding, sieving and mixing the raw materials except soybean oil, adding water to mix well, and extruding and puffing to obtain a puffed product; S30, crushing, sieving, and drying the expanded material obtained in step S20, spraying soybean oil on it and stirring it evenly, crushing and sieving it again to obtain the greater amberjack compound feed.

9. The method for preparing a greater amberjack compound feed according to claim 8, wherein: In the greater amberjack compound feed, the method for preparing the enzymatically hydrolyzed fish meal comprises the following steps: The fish meal and water are mixed at a weight ratio of 1:4 to obtain an enzymatic substrate, the pH and temperature are adjusted, a protease mixture is added, a constant temperature hydrolysis treatment is performed, and then an enzyme inactivation treatment is performed, centrifugation is performed, a filtrate is filtered, and the filtrate is freeze-dried and crushed to obtain the enzymatic fish meal; Wherein, the protease composition comprises trypsin, papain and alkaline protease; And / or, in the greater amberjack compound feed, the method for preparing the enzymatically hydrolyzed fish paste comprises the following steps: The marine fish raw material is minced to obtain fish paste, the pH and temperature of the fish paste are adjusted, a protease mixture is added, and a constant temperature hydrolysis treatment is performed, followed by an enzyme inactivation treatment to obtain the enzymatic fish paste; Wherein, the protease composition comprises trypsin, papain and alkaline protease.

10. Use of the greater amberjack formula feed according to any one of claims 1 to 7 in increasing the growth rate of greater amberjack fry.

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