Composite material processing tooling and process

Abstract

The present invention belongs to the technical field of composite material processing, and particularly relates to a composite material processing tool and process. The composite material processing tool includes a static plate, a dynamic plate, a tool, a power rod, an optical online measurement module, a tool slide plate and a base, wherein the tool slide plate is slidably connected to the base, the static plate is arranged on the tool slide plate, the dynamic plate is connected to the static plate through a plurality of power rods arranged along the circumference, the tool is arranged on the outer side of the dynamic plate, the tool is used to process the composite material, the optical online measurement module is arranged on the tool slide plate, and the optical online measurement module is used to measure the motion posture of the dynamic plate online. The present invention effectively suppresses cutting vibration, prolongs the service life of the tool, reduces the cutting temperature, and further improves the processing quality of parts during the processing by adjusting the vibration parameters of the power rod.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of composite material processing, and in particular relates to a composite material processing tool and process. Background Art

[0002] Vibration servo cutting based on composite material free-form surface is a kind of current precision machining technology. It has the advantages of high precision, high efficiency, and high-quality free-form surface can be obtained by turning once. It has been widely used in the processing of complex parts such as composite material free-form surface, micro-nano structure functional surface, non-circular parts, etc. However, the existing vibration servo cutting device is mainly a single-degree-of-freedom linear structure, which is mostly driven by piezoelectric ceramics, voice coil motors, etc. During the machining process, the diamond tool will perform variable depth cutting as the surface shape of the machined surface changes. During this process, the change of turning depth is too large, which will cause the cutting force to increase and affect the machining accuracy. In addition, the drift of the machine tool spindle speed will cause positioning errors in the tool, resulting in uneven surface quality, which in turn affects the machining efficiency. In some actual machining applications, single-degree-of-freedom vibration cutting can no longer meet the machining requirements. The tool needs to have two or more degrees of freedom to meet the machining needs. In addition, the vibration generated by the movement of the voice coil motor during the machining process and the vibration generated by the collision between the tool and the workpiece during the cutting process will affect the machining accuracy, etc. This problem also needs to be solved urgently. Summary of the invention

[0003] In view of the above problems, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a composite material processing tool and process to solve the problem of low processing accuracy caused by vibration in the existing free-form surface composite material turning tool.

[0004] In order to achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:

[0005] On the one hand, the present invention provides a composite material processing tool, including a static plate, a dynamic plate, a tool, a power rod, an optical online measurement module, a tool slide and a base, wherein the tool slide is slidably connected to the base, the static plate is arranged on the tool slide, the dynamic plate is connected to the static plate through a plurality of power rods arranged along the circumferential direction, the tool is arranged on the outer side of the dynamic plate, the tool is used to process the composite material workpiece, the optical online measurement module is arranged on the tool slide, and the optical online measurement module is used to online measure the movement posture of the dynamic plate.

[0006] In one possible implementation, the power rod includes a hole rod, a shaft rod, a hole plate, a shaft plate, piezoelectric ceramics and a preload shaft assembly, wherein one end of the hole rod and the shaft rod are plugged in, and the other ends of the hole rod and the shaft rod are respectively connected to the moving plate and the static plate, the hole plate and the shaft plate are respectively arranged at one end of the hole rod and the shaft rod, and the hole plate and the shaft plate are connected by piezoelectric ceramics and a preload shaft assembly alternately arranged along the circumferential direction, the piezoelectric ceramics are used to provide axial vibration excitation, and the preload shaft assembly is used to provide elastic preload force.

[0007] In one possible implementation, the preload shaft assembly includes a preload shaft, a disc spring and a locking nut, wherein the preload shaft passes through the disc spring, the hole disc and the shaft disc in sequence and is then locked by the locking nut.

[0008] In a possible implementation, flexible links are provided on the outer circumferences of the other ends of the hole rod and the shaft rod, and the hole rod and the shaft rod can be flexibly deformed at the flexible links.

[0009] In a possible implementation, a plug-in hole is provided on an end surface of one end of the hole rod along the axis; and one end of the shaft rod is a stepped shaft structure that is slidably matched with the plug-in hole of the hole rod.

[0010] In a possible implementation, the static disk is a circular ring structure; and two adjacent power rods are arranged in an eight-shaped shape.

[0011] In one possible implementation, the optical online measurement module includes a laser emitting device and an optical measuring ball, wherein the optical measuring ball is circumferentially arranged on the inner side of the moving disk, and the laser emitting device is arranged on the tool slide, and the laser emitting device detects the position change of the optical measuring ball in real time by emitting measurement laser.

[0012] In a possible implementation, an airtight truncated cone cover is provided between the static disk and the dynamic disk and covers the outer side of the power rod; and the optical online measurement module is arranged in an airtight frame.

[0013] On the other hand, the present invention provides a composite material processing process using the composite material processing tooling as described above, wherein the tool is driven by the tool slide to process the composite material workpiece; during the processing, the tool provides axial vibration excitation through the power rod and provides elastic preload through the preload shaft assembly; at the same time, the movement posture of the moving disk is detected online through the optical online measurement module.

[0014] The advantages and beneficial effects of the present invention are: for the turning processing of free-form surface composite material workpieces, the present invention provides a composite material processing tool, which adopts six-degree-of-freedom spatial trajectory vibration to effectively realize variable-depth cutting of free-form surface composite materials and can realize online change of the turning tool process angle; by adjusting the vibration parameters of the power rod, the cutting vibration is effectively suppressed during the processing, the tool life is extended, the cutting temperature is reduced, and the processing quality of the parts is further improved.

[0015] The present invention effectively uses a high-precision laser tracker. The target ball of the laser tracker is installed on the moving disk of the tool, which helps to improve the measurement accuracy. The larger the distance between the laser target balls, the higher the measurement accuracy.

[0016] The present invention provides a composite material processing technology, which is aimed at the turning processing technology of free-form surface composite materials. It utilizes the turning tool vibration tooling, effectively uses the kinematic and dynamic control technology algorithm of the six-degree-of-freedom mechanism, controls the tool spatial vibration trajectory and the spatial process angle of the processing, and performs closed-loop negative feedback of the six-degree-of-freedom motion and power control to achieve the effect of stable process quality.

[0017] Other features and advantages of the present invention will be described in the following description, and partly become apparent from the description, or understood by practicing the present invention. The purpose and other advantages of the present invention can be realized and obtained by the structures particularly pointed out in the written description and the accompanying drawings.

[0018] The technical solution of the present invention is further described in detail below through the accompanying drawings and embodiments. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0019] The accompanying drawings are used to provide a further understanding of the present invention and constitute a part of the specification. Together with the embodiments of the present invention, they are used to explain the present invention and do not constitute a limitation of the present invention. In the accompanying drawings:

[0020] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the working state of a composite material processing tool of the present invention;

[0021] Figure 2 A top view of a composite material processing tool of the present invention;

[0022] Figure 3 It is an axonometric view of a composite material processing tool of the present invention;

[0023] Figure 4 for Figure 3 A partial enlarged view of the middle part;

[0024] Figure 5 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the power rod in the present invention;

[0025] Figure 6 It is an axonometric view of the power rod arrangement in the present invention;

[0026] Figure 7 It is a plan view of the arrangement of the power rod in the present invention;

[0027] Figure 8 It is a schematic diagram of online measurement of the optical online measurement module in the present invention.

[0028] In the figure: 1-static plate, 101-static plate hole, 102-center hole, 2-moving plate, 201-moving plate hole, 3-tool, 4-power rod, 401-hole rod, 402-shaft rod, 403-hole plate, 404-shaft plate, 405-piezoelectric ceramic, 406-preload shaft, 407-disc spring, 408-locking nut, 5-optical online measurement module, 501-laser emitting device, 502-measuring laser, 503-optical measuring ball, 6-flexible link, 7-workpiece, 8-fixture, 9-turning spindle, 10-turning spindle box, 11-column, 12-rotating shaft, 13-bed, 14-tool slide, 15-base, 16-airtight frame, 17-airtight frustum cover. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0029] In the present invention, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the terms "installed", "connected", "connected", "fixed" and the like should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection, or it can be an indirect connection through an intermediate medium, or it can be the internal communication of two components. For ordinary technicians in this field, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to specific circumstances.

[0030] The preferred embodiments of the present invention are described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that the preferred embodiments described herein are only used to illustrate and explain the present invention, and are not used to limit the present invention.

[0031] See also Figures 1 to 8 As shown, an embodiment of the present invention provides a composite material processing tooling, including a static plate 1, a dynamic plate 2, a tool 3, a power rod 4, an optical online measurement module 5, a tool slide 14 and a base 15, wherein the tool slide 14 is slidably connected to the base 15, the static plate 1 is arranged on the tool slide 14, the dynamic plate 2 is connected to the static plate 1 through a plurality of power rods 4 arranged along the circumferential direction, the tool 3 is arranged on the outer side of the dynamic plate 2, the tool 3 is used to process the composite material, the optical online measurement module 5 is arranged on the tool slide 14, and the optical online measurement module 5 is used to measure the movement posture of the dynamic plate 2 online.

[0032] See also Figure 1As shown, in the embodiment of the present invention, the workpiece 7 is clamped by a CNC lathe, and the CNC lathe comprises a turning spindle box 10, a turning spindle 9, a fixture 8, a column 11, a rotating shaft 12, and a bed 13. The turning spindle box 10 allows the workpiece 7 to be turned and rotated through the turning spindle 9 and the fixture 8, and the rotating axis is parallel to the bottom surface. The turning spindle box 10 and the column 11 have servo lifting motion in the height direction, the column 11 and the rotating shaft 12 have a rotation servo motion perpendicular to the bottom surface, and the rotating shaft 12 has the freedom of servo motion along the axis direction of the turning spindle 9 relative to the bed 13. The CNC lathe is a four-axis linkage servo turning CNC lathe, and the tool slide 14 has the ability to servo motion in the horizontal direction orthogonal to the axis of the turning spindle 9 relative to the base 15.

[0033] Specifically, the tool 3 is a diamond turning tool, which performs a six-freedom vibration servo turning process on the composite material workpiece 7 with a free-form surface.

[0034] See also Figure 4 and Figure 5 As shown, in an embodiment of the present invention, the power rod 4 includes a hole rod 401, a shaft rod 402, a hole disk 403, a shaft disk 404, a piezoelectric ceramic 405 and a preload shaft assembly, wherein the hole rod 401 and one end of the shaft rod 402 are plugged in, and the other ends of the hole rod 401 and the shaft rod 402 are respectively connected to the moving disk 2 and the static disk 1, the hole disk 403 and the shaft disk 404 are respectively arranged at one end of the hole rod 401 and the shaft rod 402, and the hole disk 403 and the shaft disk 404 are connected by piezoelectric ceramics 405 and a preload shaft assembly alternately arranged along the circumferential direction, the piezoelectric ceramics 405 are used to provide axial vibration excitation, and the preload shaft assembly is used to provide elastic preload force.

[0035] Specifically, a plug-in hole is provided on an end surface of one end of the hole rod 401 along the axis; one end of the shaft rod 402 is a stepped shaft structure that is slidably matched with the plug-in hole of the hole rod 401.

[0036] In an embodiment of the present invention, the preload shaft assembly includes a preload shaft 406, a disc spring 407 and a locking nut 408, wherein the preload shaft 406 passes through the disc spring 407, the hole disk 403 and the shaft disk 404 in sequence and is locked by the locking nut 408. Specifically, the large end shoulder of the preload shaft 406 forms an elastic preload contact with the outer side of the disc spring 407, and the inner side of the disc spring 407 forms an elastic preload contact with the hole disk 403. The small end of the preload shaft 406 is connected to the threaded hole of the shaft disk 404 through a thread. The threaded pair of the preload shaft 406 and the shaft disk 404 can adjust the flattening deformation of the disc spring 407, and then adjust the preload stiffness and the expected force. The locking nut 408 is used to lock the threaded pair of the preload shaft 406 and the shaft disk 404.

[0037] Furthermore, the other ends of the hole rod 401 and the shaft rod 402 are provided with flexible links 6, and the hole rod 401 and the shaft rod 402 can be flexibly deformed at the flexible links 6. Specifically, the flexible links 6 are annular groove structures, and each flexible link 6 can produce flexible deformations in two bending directions and one axial rotation deformation.

[0038] See also Figure 1 , Figure 6 and Figure 7 As shown, in the embodiment of the present invention, the axes of the static plate 1 and the dynamic plate 2 are horizontal and orthogonal to the axis direction of the turning spindle 9 in the static state. The static plate 1 is a circular ring structure with a center hole 102. Six static plate holes 101 are arranged on the static plate 1 along the circumference, and six dynamic plate holes 201 are arranged on the dynamic plate 2 along the circumference. The static plate 1 and the dynamic plate 2 are spatially connected through six power rods 4. Two adjacent power rods 4 are arranged in an eight-shaped shape between the static plate 1 and the dynamic plate 2. The extension lines of the six power rods 4 in space converge at six points in space. That is, the three points of space where the static disk 1 intersects on the outside are Q1, Q2, and Q3. Q1, Q2, and Q3 are connected to form a large isosceles triangle, and the centroid of the triangle is orthogonally penetrated by the axis O of the static disk 1; the three points of space where the dynamic disk 2 intersects on the outside are P1, P2, and P3. P1, P2, and P3 are connected to form a small isosceles triangle, and the centroid is orthogonally penetrated by the axis O of the dynamic disk 2; the two isosceles triangles are parallel, and the phase difference is 180°.

[0039] Furthermore, the two ends of each power rod 4 are respectively connected to the static plate hole 101 of the static plate 1 and the dynamic plate hole 201 of the dynamic plate 2 by preferably cold installation. The cold installation is to put the power rod 4 into liquid nitrogen to freeze it, and then insert the power rod 4 into the static plate hole 101 and the dynamic plate hole 201, and use thermal expansion and contraction to form an interference fit connection between the rod and the hole. Similarly, the hole plate 403 and the hole rod 401 and the shaft plate 404 and the shaft rod 402 are also connected by cold installation. The number of piezoelectric ceramics 405 is greater than or equal to 2. In this embodiment, the number of piezoelectric ceramics 405 and preload shaft assemblies is three, which are evenly distributed and alternately arranged in the circumferential direction, and the three preload shaft assemblies between the shaft plate 404 and the hole plate 403 provide elastic preload for axial vibration.

[0040] See also Figure 1 and Figure 8 As shown, in an embodiment of the present invention, the optical online measurement module 5 includes a laser emitting device 501 and an optical measuring ball 503, wherein the optical measuring ball 503 is circumferentially arranged on the inner side of the moving disk 2, and the laser emitting device 501 is arranged on the tool slide 14. The laser emitting device 501 detects the position change of the optical measuring ball 503 in real time by emitting a measuring laser 502.

[0041] Preferably, the laser emitting device 501 is three laser tracking instruments. The three laser tracking instruments correspond one to one with the three optical measuring balls 503. The optical online measurement module 5 detects the six degrees of freedom of the moving disk 2 in the moving process online according to the three-point plane determination principle. The laser tracker has a measurement accuracy of 6 microns and directly measures the tool instead of obtaining the code disk number of the servo drive motor, which reduces the influence of transmission stiffness on the measurement.

[0042] Furthermore, an airtight conical cover 17 covering the outside of the power rod 4 is provided between the static disk 1 and the dynamic disk 2 to achieve airtight sealing. Specifically, the airtight conical cover 17 is made of thin fluororubber and has a conical structure. Since the airtight conical cover 17 is flexible, the relative vibration between the static disk 1 and the dynamic disk 2 will not be disturbed. The static disk 1 is fixed on the tool slide 14, and the optical online measurement module 5 is arranged in the airtight frame 16, and the airtight frame 16 is inlaid with glass for airtightness. Therefore, the interior of the airtight conical cover 17 and the airtight frame 16 can be positively pressured and airtight, preventing external dust and water vapor from damaging and interfering with the internal optical components and electronic components.

[0043] Another embodiment of the present invention provides a composite material processing process using the composite material processing tooling in the above embodiment, including the following steps: the tool 3 is driven by the tool slide 14 to process the composite material workpiece; during the processing, the tool 3 provides axial vibration excitation through the power rod 4 and provides elastic preload through the preload shaft assembly; at the same time, the movement posture of the moving disk 2 is detected online through the optical online measurement module 5.

[0044] A composite material processing technology provided by the present invention is for turning processing of free-form composite material workpieces, using composite material processing tooling, effectively using a high-precision laser tracker, and the target ball of the laser tracker is installed on the moving disk 2 of the tool 3, which helps to improve the measurement accuracy. The larger the distance between the laser target balls, the higher the measurement accuracy. The six-degree-of-freedom spatial trajectory vibration is adopted to effectively realize the variable depth cutting of free-form composite materials, and the online change of the turning tool process angle can be realized, including but not limited to the front tool face, the main back tool face and the secondary back tool face. For the turning processing of free-form composite materials, a turning tool vibration tooling is adopted, which effectively suppresses the cutting vibration, prolongs the tool life, reduces the cutting temperature, and further improves the processing quality of parts by adjusting the vibration parameters during the processing.

[0045] Obviously, those skilled in the art can make various changes and modifications to the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Thus, if these modifications and variations of the present invention fall within the scope of the claims of the present invention and their equivalents, the present invention is also intended to include these modifications and variations.

Claims

1. A composite material processing tool, characterized in that: The invention comprises a stationary disc (1), a moving disc (2), a tool (3), a power rod (4), an optical online measurement module (5), a tool slide plate (14) and a base (15), wherein the tool slide plate (14) is slidably connected to the base (15), the stationary disc (1) is arranged on the tool slide plate (14), the moving disc (2) is connected to the stationary disc (1) via a plurality of power rods (4) arranged along the circumferential direction, the tool (3) is arranged on the outer side of the moving disc (2), the tool (3) is used for processing a composite material workpiece, the optical online measurement module (5) is arranged on the tool slide plate (14), and the optical online measurement module (5) is used for online measuring the motion posture of the moving disc (2); The power rod (4) comprises a hole rod (401), an axle rod (402), a hole plate (403), an axle plate (404), a piezoelectric ceramic (405) and a preload shaft assembly, wherein one end of the hole rod (401) and the axle rod (402) are plugged, and the other ends of the hole rod (401) and the axle rod (402) are respectively connected to the moving plate (2) and the static plate (1), the hole plate (403) and the axle plate (404) are respectively arranged at one end of the hole rod (401) and the axle rod (402), and the hole plate (403) and the axle plate (404) are connected through the piezoelectric ceramic (405) and the preload shaft assembly alternately arranged along the circumferential direction, the piezoelectric ceramic (405) is used to provide axial vibration excitation, and the preload shaft assembly is used to provide elastic preload force.

2. The composite material processing tooling according to claim 1, characterized in that: The preload shaft assembly comprises a preload shaft (406), a disc spring (407) and a locking nut (408), wherein the preload shaft (406) passes through the disc spring (407), the hole plate (403) and the shaft plate (404) in sequence and is then locked by the locking nut (408).

3. The composite material processing tool according to claim 1, characterized in that: Flexible links (6) are provided on the outer circumferences of the other ends of the hole rod (401) and the shaft rod (402), and the hole rod (401) and the shaft rod (402) are capable of flexibly deforming at the flexible links (6).

4. The composite material processing tool according to claim 1, characterized in that: An inserting hole is provided on an end surface of one end of the hole rod (401) along the axis; one end of the shaft rod (402) is a stepped shaft structure that is slidably matched with the inserting hole of the hole rod (401).

5. The composite material processing tool according to claim 1, characterized in that: The static disk (1) is a circular ring structure; and two adjacent power rods (4) are arranged in an eight-shaped shape.

6. The composite material processing tool according to claim 1, characterized in that: The optical online measurement module (5) comprises a laser emitting device (501) and an optical measuring ball (503), wherein the optical measuring ball (503) is arranged on the inner side of the moving disk (2) along the circumferential direction, and the laser emitting device (501) is arranged on the tool slide (14). The laser emitting device (501) detects the position change of the optical measuring ball (503) in real time by emitting a measuring laser (502).

7. The composite material processing tool according to claim 1, characterized in that: An airtight truncated cone cover (17) is provided between the static disk (1) and the dynamic disk (2) and covers the outside of the power rod (4); the optical online measurement module (5) is arranged in an airtight frame (16).

8. A composite material processing process using the composite material processing tooling according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that: The tool (3) is driven by the tool slide plate (14) to process the composite material workpiece; during the processing, the tool (3) provides axial vibration excitation through the power rod (4) and provides elastic preload through the preload shaft component; at the same time, the movement posture of the moving disk (2) is detected online through the optical online measurement module (5).

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