A liquid hydrogen refueling process testing apparatus and method

Abstract

The application provides a liquid hydrogen filling process testing device and method, and relates to the technical field of liquid hydrogen filling. The liquid hydrogen filling process testing device comprises a discharge pipe, a filling pipe, a front filling pipeline, a rear filling pipeline, a front replacement pipeline, a rear replacement pipeline and a front rewarming pipeline. The discharge end of the filling pipe, the entering end of the discharge pipe and the entering end of the rear filling pipeline are located in an insulation cavity, and are provided with a one-way flow mechanism. The discharge end of the front filling pipeline is in communication with the entering end of the filling pipe, forming a filling path. The discharge end of the front replacement pipeline is in communication with the insulation cavity, and the entering end of the rear replacement pipeline is in communication with the discharge end of the discharge pipe, forming a replacement path. The front filling pipeline, the filling pipe, the discharge pipe and the rear replacement pipeline jointly form a precooling path. The discharge end of the front rewarming pipeline is in communication with the middle part of the front filling pipeline, forming a first rewarming path. Flow control units and detection units are arranged on each pipeline. The testing effect of the device is improved by reasonable design.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of liquid hydrogen filling, in particular to a liquid hydrogen filling process testing device and method. BACKGROUND

[0002] With the increasing global energy demand and the increasing awareness of environmental protection, the development and utilization of clean energy have become the focus of attention of countries around the world. As a high-efficiency, clean energy carrier, liquid hydrogen (LH2) has shown great application potential in transportation, aerospace, power generation and other fields due to its high energy density and zero emission characteristics. However, the storage and filling technology of liquid hydrogen faces many challenges, especially its extremely low working temperature (about -253℃) puts strict requirements on equipment materials, system design and operation safety.

[0003] Liquid hydrogen needs to be kept in a liquid state at extremely low temperatures, which requires that during the filling process of liquid hydrogen, the entire system must be in a cryogenic state to prevent temperature rise from causing liquid hydrogen to vaporize. Therefore, accurate temperature monitoring and control systems are needed. Too fast filling speed can cause temperature rise, thereby accelerating evaporation; too slow filling speed can affect efficiency. Therefore, a fine flow control unit is needed to regulate the filling rate. SUMMARY

[0004] The main technical problem to be solved by the present application is to provide a liquid hydrogen filling process testing device and method that realizes accurate control and management of the liquid hydrogen filling process by optimizing the pre-cooling, filling and re-warming processes and introducing advanced flow control units and monitoring units.

[0005] In order to solve the above technical problems, the technical solutions provided by the present application are as follows:

[0006] The first aspect provides a liquid hydrogen filling process testing device, comprising: a discharge pipe, a filling pipe, a front filling pipe, a rear filling pipe, a front replacement pipe, a rear replacement pipe and a front re-warming pipe;

[0007] The discharge end of the filling pipe, the entering end of the discharge pipe and the entering end of the rear filling pipe are arranged in an isolation cavity; the discharge end of the filling pipe, the entering end of the rear filling pipe and the entering end of the discharge pipe are all provided with a one-way flow mechanism;

[0008] The discharge end of the front filling pipe is in communication with the entering end of the filling pipe, so that the front filling pipe, the filling pipe and the rear filling pipe form a filling pipe;

[0009] The discharge end of the front replacement pipe is in communication with the isolation cavity, and the entering end of the rear replacement pipe is in communication with the discharge end of the discharge pipe, so that the front replacement pipe, the discharge pipe and the rear replacement pipe form a replacement pipe;

[0010] The pre-charging pipeline, the charging pipeline, the discharge pipeline and the post-replacement pipeline form a pre-cooling pipeline;

[0011] The discharge end of the pre-warming pipeline is in communication with the middle part of the pre-charging pipeline, so that the pre-warming pipeline, the pre-charging pipeline, the charging pipeline, the discharge pipeline and the post-replacement pipeline form a first warming pipeline;

[0012] Flow control units and detection units are arranged on the pre-charging pipeline, the post-charging pipeline, the pre-replacement pipeline, the post-replacement pipeline and the pre-warming pipeline.

[0013] Optionally, the flow control units include a pre-charging valve group, a post-charging valve group, a pre-replacement valve group, a post-replacement valve group and a pre-warming valve group;

[0014] The pre-charging valve group is arranged on the pre-charging pipeline, the post-charging valve group is arranged on the post-charging pipeline, the pre-replacement valve group is arranged on the pre-replacement pipeline, the post-replacement valve group is arranged on the post-replacement pipeline, and the pre-warming valve group is arranged on the pre-warming pipeline;

[0015] The detection units include a pre-charging detection unit, a post-charging detection unit, a pre-replacement detection unit, a post-replacement detection unit and a pre-warming detection unit;

[0016] The pre-charging detection unit is connected with the pre-warming valve group, the post-charging detection unit is connected with the pre-charging valve group, the pre-replacement detection unit is connected with the pre-replacement valve group, the post-replacement detection unit is connected with the pre-replacement valve group, the pre-charging valve group and the post-replacement valve group, and the pre-warming detection unit is connected with the pre-warming valve group.

[0017] Optionally, a post-warming pipeline is further included, and an entering end of the post-warming pipeline is in communication with the middle part of the pre-charging pipeline;

[0018] The pre-warming pipeline, the pre-charging pipeline, the charging pipeline and the post-warming pipeline form a second warming pipeline;

[0019] Flow control units and detection units are arranged on the post-warming pipeline.

[0020] Optionally, the detection units include a post-warming detection unit;

[0021] The flow control units include a post-warming valve group arranged on the post-warming pipeline.

[0022] The pre-charging detection unit is connected with the post-warming valve group.

[0023] Optionally, the discharge end of the filling pipe is opposite and spaced apart from the inlet end of the rear filling pipeline.

[0024] Optionally, the detection unit at least includes one of the following: a temperature detection unit, a pressure detection unit, a flow detection unit, and a gas component detection unit.

[0025] Optionally, a heat insulation shell is included.

[0026] The heat insulation shell is wrapped outside the discharge pipe and the filling pipe.

[0027] The second aspect provides a liquid hydrogen filling process test method, applied to the liquid hydrogen filling process test device as described in the above technical solutions, including:

[0028] The displacement process, the filling pipe, the rear filling pipeline and the front rewarming pipeline are closed, and the air in the insulation cavity is exhausted through the displacement pipeline;

[0029] The pre-cooling process, the rear filling pipeline, the front displacement pipeline and the front rewarming pipeline are closed, and the filling pipe is pre-cooled through the pre-cooling pipeline;

[0030] The filling process, the front displacement pipeline, the rear displacement pipeline and the front rewarming pipeline are closed, and the liquid hydrogen is filled through the filling pipeline;

[0031] The rewarming process, the rear filling pipeline and the front displacement pipeline are closed, and the filling pipe is rewarming through the first rewarming pipeline.

[0032] Optionally, in the displacement process, the flow control unit on the front displacement pipeline is controlled by the data detected by the detection unit arranged on the front displacement pipeline, and the flow control unit on the rear displacement pipeline is controlled by the data detected by the detection unit arranged on the rear displacement pipeline;

[0033] In the pre-cooling process, the flow control unit on the front filling pipeline is controlled by the data detected by the detection unit arranged on the rear displacement pipeline;

[0034] In the filling process, the flow control unit on the front filling pipeline is controlled by the data detected by the detection unit arranged on the rear filling pipeline;

[0035] In the rewarming process, the flow control unit on the front rewarming pipeline is controlled by the data detected by the detection unit arranged on the rear displacement pipeline.

[0036] Optionally, the liquid hydrogen filling process test device further comprises a post-warming pipeline; an entering end of the post-warming pipeline is in communication with a middle part of the front filling pipeline; the front warming pipeline, the front filling pipeline, the filling pipeline and the post-warming pipeline form a second warming pipeline; the post-warming pipeline is provided with the flow control unit and the detection unit;

[0037] The liquid hydrogen filling process test method further comprises controlling the flow control units on the front warming pipeline and the post-warming pipeline through data detected by the detection unit provided on the front filling pipeline during the warming process.

[0038] The technical solutions provided by the present application have the following technical effects:

[0039] 1. By reasonable pipeline design and flow control unit, the pre-cooling time is shortened. This not only improves the overall efficiency of the system, but also reduces the evaporation loss of liquid hydrogen in the pre-cooling process. The optimized pre-cooling process ensures that the filling pipeline and other key components can quickly reach the required low temperature state, providing a reliable foundation for subsequent filling operations.

[0040] 2. The introduction of multiple warming pipelines (such as the first warming pipeline and the second warming pipeline) simplifies the warming operation process. This design makes the warming process more efficient, reducing the time required for warming. By precisely controlling the flow and temperature of hydrogen, the system can be smoothly restored to normal temperature, avoiding structural stress problems caused by temperature changes.

[0041] 3. A variety of sensors (such as temperature detection units, pressure detection units, flow detection units, etc.) are used to achieve comprehensive monitoring of the filling process. These sensors can collect data in real time and feed back information to the control system. Advanced control systems can automatically adjust the state of flow control units (such as valves) according to monitoring data, ensuring the safety and reliability of the filling process. This closed-loop control mechanism greatly improves the automation level and operation precision of the system. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0042] The above and other features and advantages of the present application will become more apparent by describing in detail example embodiments thereof with reference to the attached drawings.

[0043] Figure 1 is a structural schematic diagram of a liquid hydrogen filling process test device provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0044] Figure 2 is a flowchart of a liquid hydrogen filling process test method provided in an embodiment of the present application.

[0045] BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0046] 1, discharge pipe, 2, filling pipe, 3, front filling line, 4, rear filling line, 5, front replacement line, 6, rear replacement line, 7, front rewarming line, 8, rear rewarming line, 9, heat insulation shell, 01, insulation cavity;

[0047] 10, front filling valve group, 20, rear filling valve group, 30, front replacement valve group, 40, rear replacement valve group, 50, front rewarming valve group, 60, rear rewarming valve group;

[0048] 101, front filling on-off valve, 102, front filling regulating valve; 201, rear filling on-off valve, 202, rear filling regulating valve; 301, front replacement on-off valve, 302, front replacement regulating valve; 401, rear replacement on-off valve; 501, front rewarming on-off valve, 502, front rewarming regulating valve; 601, rear rewarming on-off valve;

[0049] 011, front filling pressure detection unit, 012, front filling temperature detection unit, 013, front filling flow detection unit, 014, rear filling pressure detection unit, 015, rear filling temperature detection unit, 016, front replacement pressure detection unit, 017, front replacement flow detection unit, 018, rear replacement gas component detection unit, 019, rear replacement temperature detection unit, 020, front rewarming pressure detection unit, 021, front rewarming flow detection unit, 022, rear rewarming temperature detection unit. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0050] Example embodiments now will be described more fully hereinafter with reference to the accompanying drawings; however, these embodiments can be implemented in many different forms and should not be construed as limited to the embodiments set forth herein; rather, these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete, and will fully convey the scope of the example embodiments to those skilled in the art. Like reference numerals refer to like elements throughout the several views of the drawings, and description of the same elements will be omitted from the description of the several views.

[0051] The terms "one", "a", "an", "the", "said", are used to mean one or more of something; the terms "comprises", "comprising", "has", "having", "includes", "including", and the like, are used to mean including but not limited to; the term "consisting of" is used to mean including, but not limited to, and excluding those elements that are not listed.

[0052] Both liquid hydrogen (LH2) and liquefied natural gas (LNG) are energy sources stored in low-temperature liquid form, and there are significant differences between them in the filling process. The following will compare the filling processes of the two fuels from several aspects:

[0053] Temperature requirements:

[0054] Liquid hydrogen needs to be kept at an extremely low temperature to remain in a liquid state, approximately -253°C (about 20K), which is about 90°C lower than the temperature of LNG. Therefore, the entire system must be kept in a cryogenic state during refueling.

[0055] LNG, on the other hand, is stored in a liquid state at a temperature of approximately -162°C. Although this temperature is much lower than room temperature, it is much higher than that of liquid hydrogen.

[0056] Materials and Equipment:

[0057] Due to the ultra-low temperature characteristics of liquid hydrogen, the containers used to store and transport it, as well as related pipes and other equipment, require the use of specially designed materials, such as stainless steel or special alloys that can withstand extreme low temperatures without brittle fracture, and also need to consider thermal insulation to reduce evaporation loss.

[0058] The material selection for LNG systems is relatively simple, although good insulation performance is required, the cost and technical difficulty of the materials used are generally lower than those of liquid hydrogen.

[0059] Safety Measures:

[0060] For both fuels, safety is a crucial consideration. Liquid hydrogen, due to its extremely low boiling point and small molecular weight, is prone to leakage, so stricter sealing measures and detection systems are needed to prevent safety accidents caused by leakage. At the same time, the hazards and effects of solid air causing flow channel blockage or seal wear need to be considered.

[0061] LNG, although also needs to be fireproof and explosion-proof, due to its higher temperature and greater density, etc., in some aspects may be slightly more relaxed than handling liquid hydrogen.

[0062] Refueling speed:

[0063] The refueling speed of liquid hydrogen may be slower due to its physical properties, as too fast filling can cause temperature rise and accelerate evaporation.

[0064] The refueling rate of LNG can generally be higher, but still needs to be adjusted according to specific conditions to ensure safety.

[0065] Environmental Impact:

[0066] Both are clean energy, but in actual operation, if a leak occurs, liquid hydrogen will quickly sublimate into gas and diffuse into the air, while LNG will gasify and form a flammable gas cloud after coming into contact with warm air, which makes the measures taken by the two in emergency situations different.

[0067] In summary, liquid hydrogen and LNG each have their own advantages as alternative energy sources, but there are significant differences in the technical challenges they present, particularly in terms of processing methods, required facilities, and safety controls. Customized solutions are still needed for the specific application of each fuel.

[0068] Example 1

[0069] like Figure 1 As shown, a liquid hydrogen refueling process testing device in this embodiment includes: a discharge pipe 1, a refueling pipe 2, a pre-refueling pipe 3, a post-refueling pipe 4, a pre-displacement pipe 5, a post-displacement pipe 6, and a pre-warming pipe 7; the discharge end of the refueling pipe 2, the inlet end of the discharge pipe 1, and the inlet end of the post-refueling pipe 4 are disposed in an isolation chamber 01; the discharge end of the refueling pipe 2, the inlet end of the post-refueling pipe 4, and the inlet end of the discharge pipe 1 are all provided with a one-way flow mechanism; the discharge end of the pre-refueling pipe 3 is connected to the inlet end of the refueling pipe 2, so that the pre-refueling pipe 3, the refueling pipe 2, and the post-refueling pipe 4 form a refueling pipeline; the pre-displacement pipe 5... The discharge end of the front replacement pipe 5 is connected to the isolation chamber 01, and the inlet end of the rear replacement pipe 6 is connected to the discharge end of the discharge pipe 1, so that the front replacement pipe 5, the discharge pipe 1 and the rear replacement pipe 6 form a replacement pipe; the front filling pipe 3, the filling pipe 2, the discharge pipe 1 and the rear replacement pipe 6 form a pre-cooling pipe; the discharge end of the front reheating pipe 7 is connected to the front filling pipe 3, so that the front reheating pipe 7, the front filling pipe 3, the filling pipe 2, the discharge pipe 1 and the rear replacement pipe 6 form a first reheating pipe; a flow control unit and a detection unit are provided on the front filling pipe 3, the rear filling pipe 4, the front replacement pipe 5, the rear replacement pipe 6 and the front reheating pipe 7.

[0070] Because liquid hydrogen needs to be stored and transported at extremely low temperatures (approximately -253°C), both the discharge pipe 1 and the filling pipe 2 must be made of materials that can withstand cryogenic conditions and are compatible with hydrogen. To reduce heat conduction and keep the liquid hydrogen in a liquid state, the discharge pipe 1 and the filling pipe 2 are typically equipped with highly efficient insulation layers, such as vacuum multilayer insulation systems.

[0071] The materials used for the discharge pipe 1, filling pipe 2, pre-filling pipe 3, post-filling pipe 4, pre-replacement pipe 5, post-replacement pipe 6, and pre-warming pipe 7 must possess good low-temperature toughness to prevent brittle fracture under low-temperature conditions. The materials should have low thermal conductivity to reduce external heat transfer to the interior, thereby minimizing evaporation loss. Under low-temperature conditions, the dimensional changes of the materials should be as small as possible to ensure structural integrity and sealing.

[0072] A first sealing half-shell is provided at the discharge end of the discharge pipe 1 and the inlet end of the filling pipe 2, and a second sealing half-shell is provided at the inlet end of the rear filling pipe 4. The first sealing half-shell and the second sealing half-shell together form an isolation cavity 01.

[0073] The first and second sealing halves form a closed space, the isolation chamber 01. Inside the isolation chamber 01 is a closed area for housing critical components of the discharge end of the discharge pipe 1, the entry end of the filling pipe 2, and the entry end of the rear filling line 4.

[0074] At the discharge end of the discharge pipe 1, the entry end of the filling pipe 2, and the entry end of the rear filling line 4, one-way flow mechanisms are provided. These mechanisms are located within the isolation chamber 01 and prevent backflow, ensuring that liquid hydrogen can only flow in a predetermined direction.

[0075] The discharge pipe 1 and the filling pipe 2 are typically fixedly connected to the first sealing half through integrated molding. The rear filling line 4 is fixedly connected to the second sealing half through integrated molding.

[0076] The connection method of the first and second sealing halves is crucial for forming an effective isolation chamber 01. This connection needs to ensure good sealing performance while also being easy to install, disassemble, and maintain. Here are several common connection methods and their characteristics:

[0077] Threaded connection is a common connection method, especially for smaller-sized pipes. The first and second sealing halves are designed with matching internal and external threads, and the connection is achieved by tightening. Applying sealant or using a sealing tape (such as PTFE raw tape) at the threaded part can enhance the sealing effect. The advantage is that it is easy to install and has good sealing performance.

[0078] Quick connector is a connection method designed for quick connection and disconnection. The two sealing halves are connected using a quick connector device. The quick connector usually has a sealing ring inside, and the sealing is achieved through the mechanical locking mechanism of the quick connector. The advantage is that it is very fast to install and disassemble, suitable for frequent operations.

[0079] It is important to ensure that all materials used, including the sealing ring, can work normally at the extremely low temperature of liquid hydrogen. Regardless of the connection method used, it is necessary to ensure good sealing performance to prevent air or other impurities from entering the isolation chamber 01.

[0080] The above examples only list one form of the isolation chamber 01 and several implementable connection methods of the first and second sealing halves, and are not limited to them.

[0081] In one embodiment, the discharge end of the fill pipe 2 is opposite and spaced from the entry end of the post-fill pipe 4. If the discharge end of the fill pipe 2 is directly aligned with the entry end of the post-fill pipe, the high-speed flowing liquid hydrogen can directly impact the entry end, causing excessive local pressure that can damage the pipe or connections. By being opposite and spaced, the liquid hydrogen has a certain buffer space before entering the post-fill pipe, slowing down its flow rate and distributing it evenly, reducing the impact on the pipe. It can also reduce the risk of seal failure due to vibration or temperature changes.

[0082] In one embodiment, it includes a thermal insulation shell 9; the thermal insulation shell 9 is wrapped outside the discharge pipe 1 and the fill pipe 2.

[0083] The outer layer of the thermal insulation shell 9 is usually made of metal materials (such as stainless steel) or high-strength composite materials with good weather resistance to provide sufficient mechanical strength and protect the internal structure. The core of the middle thermal insulation layer is thermal insulation material, commonly used are polyurethane foam, mineral wool, aerogel and other high-efficiency thermal insulation materials. These materials have low thermal conductivity and can effectively isolate external heat. The innermost inner layer material is the part that directly contacts the liquid hydrogen, which needs to use materials that are well adapted to low temperatures.

[0084] To further improve the insulation effect, multi-layer vacuum insulation technology is often used. For example, multiple layers are set up in the insulation layer, and vacuum is extracted between each layer to significantly reduce heat conduction and radiation heat transfer.

[0085] The thermal insulation shell 9 must have good sealing performance to prevent external air from entering and causing cold loss. This is usually achieved by using high-quality sealing strips and sealants.

[0086] Since the thermal insulation material is often soft, a solid support structure is needed to maintain its shape and position. This can be achieved by setting up a support frame inside the shell or using a more rigid thermal insulation material.

[0087] The support structure also needs to consider the thermal expansion and contraction characteristics of the pipe, leaving enough gap to avoid stress concentration caused by temperature changes.

[0088] At the connection between the thermal insulation shell 9 and the discharge pipe 1 and the fill pipe 2, special treatment is needed to ensure good sealing and insulation effect. The common practice is to add an additional insulation layer at the interface or wrap it with flexible insulation material. The interface may also be equipped with special low-temperature seals to ensure that the seal is maintained even under extreme conditions.

[0089] One-way flow mechanism generally refers to a device or system that can ensure that fluid or gas only flows in one direction, and its main function is to prevent fluid or gas from flowing in the opposite direction. Such mechanisms are very important in many industrial and daily applications to ensure the safety and efficiency of the system. The most typical example of one-way flow mechanism is the check valve (non-return valve or back check valve).

[0090] In one embodiment, the flow control unit includes a front filling valve group 10, a rear filling valve group 20, a front replacement valve group 30, a rear replacement valve group 40, and a front rewarming valve group 50; the front filling valve group 10 is arranged on the front filling pipeline 3, the rear filling valve group 20 is arranged on the rear filling pipeline 4, the front replacement valve group 30 is arranged on the front replacement pipeline 5, the rear replacement valve group 40 is arranged on the rear replacement pipeline 6, and the front rewarming valve group 50 is arranged on the front rewarming pipeline 7. The detection unit includes a front filling detection unit, a rear filling detection unit, a front replacement detection unit, a rear replacement detection unit, and a front rewarming detection unit; the front filling detection unit is connected with the front rewarming valve group 50; the rear filling detection unit is connected with the front filling valve group 10, the front replacement detection unit is connected with the front replacement valve group 30; the rear replacement detection unit is connected with the front replacement valve group 30, the front filling valve group 10, and the rear replacement valve group 40; and the front rewarming detection unit is connected with the front rewarming valve group 50.

[0091] In another embodiment, a rear rewarming pipeline 8 is further included; the entering end of the rear rewarming pipeline 8 is in communication with the middle part of the front filling pipeline 3; the front rewarming pipeline 7, the front filling pipeline 3, the filling pipeline 2, and the rear rewarming pipeline 8 form a second rewarming pipeline

[0092] The flow control unit and the detection unit are arranged on the rear rewarming pipeline 8; specifically, the flow control unit further includes a rear rewarming valve group 60 arranged on the rear rewarming pipeline 8; and the detection unit further includes a rear rewarming detection unit; the rear rewarming detection unit is connected with the front filling valve group 10.

[0093] More specifically, the front filling valve group 10 includes a front filling on-off valve 101 and a front filling regulating valve 102; the rear filling valve group 20 includes a rear filling on-off valve 201 and a rear filling regulating valve 202; the front replacement valve group 30 includes a front replacement on-off valve 301 and a front replacement regulating valve 302; the rear replacement valve group 40 includes a rear replacement on-off valve 401; the front rewarming valve group 50 includes a front rewarming on-off valve 501 and a front rewarming regulating valve 502; and the rear rewarming valve group 60 includes a rear rewarming on-off valve 601.

[0094] Specifically, the pre-charging detection unit includes a pre-charging pressure detection unit 011, a pre-charging temperature detection unit 012, and a pre-charging flow detection unit 013. The post-charging detection unit includes a post-charging pressure detection unit 014 and a post-charging temperature detection unit 015. The pre-replacement detection unit includes a pre-replacement pressure detection unit 016 and a pre-replacement flow detection unit 017. The post-replacement detection unit includes a post-replacement gas component detection unit 018 and a post-replacement temperature detection unit 019. The pre-warming detection unit includes a pre-warming pressure detection unit 020 and a pre-warming flow detection unit 021. The post-warming detection unit includes a post-warming temperature detection unit 022.

[0095] The specific connection routes of each flow control unit and each detection unit are as follows:

[0096] The pre-charging on-off valve 101 is electrically connected to the post-charging temperature detection unit 015;

[0097] The pre-charging regulating valve 102 is electrically connected to the pre-charging flow detection unit 013 and the post-replacement temperature detection unit 019;

[0098] The pre-replacement on-off valve 301 and the post-replacement on-off valve 401 are both electrically connected to the post-replacement gas component detection unit 018;

[0099] The pre-replacement regulating valve 302 is electrically connected to the pre-replacement flow detection unit 017;

[0100] The pre-warming on-off valve 501 and the post-warming on-off valve 601 are both electrically connected to the pre-charging pressure detection unit 011;

[0101] The pre-warming regulating valve 502 is electrically connected to the pre-warming flow detection unit 021.

[0102] Embodiment Two

[0103] As shown in Figure 2 A liquid hydrogen charging process test method applied to the liquid hydrogen charging process test device as described in Embodiment One, comprising:

[0104] Step S201: Replacement process, close the charging pipe 2, the post-charging pipeline 4 and the pre-warming pipeline 7, and exhaust the air in the isolation cavity 01 through the replacement pipeline;

[0105] Step S202: Pre-cooling process, close the post-charging pipeline 4, the pre-replacement pipeline 5 and the pre-warming pipeline 7, and pre-cool the charging pipe 2 through the pre-cooling pipeline;

[0106] Step S203: Charging process, close the pre-replacement pipeline 5, the post-replacement pipeline 6 and the pre-warming pipeline 7, and perform liquid hydrogen charging through the charging pipeline;

[0107] Step S204: warming-up process, close the post-filling pipe 4 and the pre-replacement pipe 5, warm up the filling pipe 2 through the first warming-up pipe to make the temperature of the filling pipe 2 close to normal temperature.

[0108] During the replacement process, the flow control unit on the pre-replacement pipe 5 is controlled by the data detected by the detection unit arranged on the pre-replacement pipe 5, and the flow control unit on the post-replacement pipe 6 is controlled by the data detected by the detection unit arranged on the post-replacement pipe 6 (i.e. the pre-replacement valve group 30 and the post-replacement valve group 40 are controlled by the data detected by the pre-replacement detection unit and the post-replacement detection unit).

[0109] During the pre-cooling process, the flow control unit on the pre-filling pipe 3 is controlled by the data detected by the detection unit arranged on the post-replacement pipe 6.

[0110] During the filling process, the flow control unit on the pre-filling pipe 3 is controlled by the data detected by the detection unit arranged on the post-filling pipe 4.

[0111] During the warming-up process, the flow control unit on the pre-warming-up pipe 7 is controlled by the data detected by the detection unit arranged on the post-replacement pipe 6.

[0112] In another embodiment, the liquid hydrogen filling process testing device further comprises a post-warming-up pipe 8; the entering end of the post-warming-up pipe 8 is in communication with the middle part of the pre-filling pipe 3; the pre-warming-up pipe 7, the pre-filling pipe 3, the filling pipe 2 and the post-warming-up pipe 8 form a second warming-up pipe; the post-warming-up pipe 8 is provided with a flow control unit and a detection unit.

[0113] The liquid hydrogen filling process testing method further comprises, during the warming-up process, controlling the flow control units on the pre-warming-up pipe 7 and the post-warming-up pipe 8 by the data detected by the detection unit arranged on the pre-filling pipe 3.

[0114] The liquid filled by the liquid hydrogen filling process testing device is liquid hydrogen, which has the characteristics of ultra-low temperature and flammability. And the residual air in the insulation cavity 01 will produce solid oxygen and solid nitrogen at-253℃ (i.e. the temperature of liquid hydrogen), and the solid particles will cause flow passage blockage or sealing wear and harm, and flammable risk factors. Therefore, it is necessary to replace the air in the insulation cavity 01 with the same kind of gas. That is, the replacement process is used to replace the air in the insulation cavity 01 with hydrogen.

[0115] The replacement process is as follows:

[0116] Before the displacement process starts, the front filling pipeline 3 and the rear filling pipeline 4 are not connected. That is, the one-way flow mechanisms respectively arranged on the filling pipe 2 and the rear filling pipeline 4 are in the closed state. The one-way flow mechanism arranged on the discharge pipe 1 is in the open state.

[0117] The front displacement switch valve 301, the front displacement regulating valve 302 and the rear displacement switch valve 401 are opened, hydrogen enters from the front displacement pipeline 5, is blown into the insulation cavity 01, and is discharged through the discharge pipe 1 and the rear displacement pipeline 6.

[0118] In this process, the hydrogen flow in the front displacement pipeline 5 is monitored in real time by the front displacement flow detection unit 017, the hydrogen flow data detected by the front displacement flow detection unit 017 is compared with the preset flow, and then the opening degree of the front displacement regulating valve 302 is controlled (when the hydrogen flow detected by the front displacement flow detection unit 017 is greater than the preset flow, the opening degree of the front displacement regulating valve 302 is reduced, and vice versa). Then, after the gas component detected by the rear displacement gas component detection unit 018 reaches the qualified standard (which can be that the gas component detected by the rear displacement gas component detection unit 018 is only hydrogen), the front displacement switch valve 301 is closed, and the rear displacement switch valve 401 is closed after a preset interval (for example, 2 seconds).

[0119] The pre-cooling process is as follows:

[0120] The rear filling switch valve 201 on the rear filling pipeline 4 is closed, which means that the receiving container is closed. This process mainly examines the time and liquid hydrogen consumption required for pre-cooling of the necessary filling components such as the front filling pipeline 3, the filling pipe 2, the insulation cavity 01, the discharge pipe 1, the rear displacement pipeline 6 and the valves arranged on each pipeline, to judge the time efficiency and economy. This has important value for the liquid hydrogen filling application in the fuel cell vehicle industry.

[0121] First, it is confirmed that the rear filling switch valve 201 is closed, the one-way flow mechanism arranged on the rear filling pipeline 4 is in the closed state, and the one-way flow mechanisms arranged on the filling pipe 2 and the discharge pipe 1 are in the open state.

[0122] The rear displacement switch valve 401, the front filling regulating valve 102 with an opening degree of 20% and the front filling switch valve 101 are opened in sequence. Liquid hydrogen enters from the entry end of the front filling pipeline 3, flows to the filling pipe 2 and the insulation cavity 01, and is discharged through the discharge pipe 1 and the rear displacement pipeline 6.

[0123] In this process, the temperature drop rate is monitored in real time by the rear displacement temperature detection unit 019, and compared with the preset temperature drop rate, and then the opening degree of the front filling regulating valve 102 is controlled (when the temperature drop rate monitored in real time by the rear displacement temperature detection unit 019 is greater than the preset temperature drop rate, the opening degree of the front filling regulating valve 102 is reduced, and vice versa).

[0124] After the temperature detected by the post-replacement temperature detection unit 019 reaches the precooling temperature, the pre-charging switch valve 101, the pre-charging regulating valve 102 and the post-replacement switch valve 401 are closed in sequence. At the same time, the precooling effect is recorded and evaluated (at least including the mass flow value tested by the pre-charging flow detection unit 013 and the time length used to reach the preset temperature).

[0125] The charging process is as follows:

[0126] The post-charging regulating valve 202, the post-charging switch valve 201, the pre-charging regulating valve 102 to 20% opening and the pre-charging switch valve 101 are opened in sequence. At this time, the one-way flow mechanisms respectively arranged on the charging pipe 2 and the post-charging pipeline 4 are in the open state. The one-way flow mechanism arranged on the discharge pipe 1 is in the closed state.

[0127] Liquid hydrogen enters from the inlet end of the pre-charging pipeline 3 and enters the post-charging pipeline 4 through the charging pipe 2.

[0128] The post-charging regulating valve 202 is used to simulate the equivalent flow resistance of the liquid hydrogen receiving container, and different charging back pressure states are simulated by opening degree adjustment. The opening degree value is preset (obtained by design calculation).

[0129] During this process, the flow test value is obtained by the pre-charging flow detection unit 013, and the control command is issued according to the comparison between the flow prediction value and the flow test value obtained by the pre-charging flow detection unit 013, to adjust the pre-charging regulating valve 102 (that is, when the flow test value obtained by the pre-charging flow detection unit 013 is greater than the flow prediction value, the opening degree of the pre-charging regulating valve 102 is reduced, and vice versa).

[0130] The pressure value of the pre-charging pipeline 3 is obtained by the pre-charging pressure detection unit 011, and the pressure value of the post-charging pipeline 4 is obtained by the post-charging pressure detection unit 014, to obtain the test data of the pipeline pressure drop under different flow states.

[0131] This process is mainly used to obtain test parameters, so as to study the influence of the liquid hydrogen charging pipe 2, various charging valves and other pipeline elements on the liquid hydrogen charging flow, pressure drop, temperature and the like. The relevant test parameters can be used to verify the simulation and other design calculation results, and to develop or optimize the design calculation model.

[0132] The rewarming process is as follows:

[0133] The rewarming process can be carried out through the first rewarming pipeline or the second rewarming pipeline, as follows:

[0134] 1. Rewarming the device through the first rewarming pipeline, as follows:

[0135] Confirm that the pre-charging switch valve 101 and the post-charging switch valve 201 are closed.

[0136] The one-way flow mechanism provided on the filling pipe 2 and the discharge pipe 1 is in an open state, and the one-way flow mechanism provided on the rear filling pipeline 4 is in a closed state.

[0137] The rear replacement switch valve 401, the front rewarming regulating valve 502 with 50% opening (adjustable later) and the front rewarming switch valve 501 are opened in sequence to perform hydrogen purging. Hydrogen enters from the inlet end of the front rewarming pipeline 7, passes through the rear half of the front filling pipeline 3 (from the connection position of the front rewarming pipeline 7 and the front filling pipeline 3 to the filling pipe 2), the filling pipe 2, the discharge pipe 1 and the rear replacement pipeline 6, and is discharged from the discharge end of the rear replacement pipeline 6.

[0138] During this process, the hydrogen flow in the front rewarming pipeline 7 is monitored in real time by the front rewarming flow detection unit 021, and the front rewarming regulating valve 502 is automatically adjusted as needed (i.e., when the hydrogen flow in the front rewarming pipeline 7 monitored in real time by the front rewarming flow detection unit 021 is greater than a preset value, the front rewarming regulating valve 502 is adjusted to be smaller, and vice versa). At the same time, the rear replacement temperature detection unit 019 monitors the temperature of the rear replacement pipeline 6 in real time, and when the monitored temperature reaches a preset temperature, a control signal is transmitted to sequentially close the front rewarming switch valve 501 and the rear replacement switch valve 401.

[0139] 2. Rewarming the device through the second rewarming pipeline, as follows:

[0140] It is confirmed that the front filling switch valve 101 and the rear filling switch valve 201 are closed, and the one-way flow mechanism provided on the discharge pipe 1 is in a closed state. The front rewarming regulating valve 502 is opened by 50% (adjustable later), and the front rewarming switch valve 501 is opened. Hydrogen enters from the inlet end of the front rewarming pipeline 7 and is discharged from the discharge end of the rear rewarming pipeline 8. The pressure of the front filling pipeline 3 is obtained in real time by the front filling pressure detection unit 011, and when the pressure value monitored by the front filling pressure detection unit 011 reaches a first preset value (which can be 0.5 MPa), the front rewarming switch valve 501 is controlled to be closed. After standing for 10 seconds, the rear rewarming switch valve 601 is automatically interlocked to be opened. When the pressure value monitored by the front filling pressure detection unit 011 reaches a second preset value (which can be 0.1 MPa), the rear rewarming switch valve 601 is controlled to be closed. The above process is repeated N times.

[0141] During the repetition of the above process N times, the temperature of the rear rewarming pipeline 8 is detected in real time by the rear rewarming temperature detection unit 022, and when the temperature of the rear rewarming pipeline 8 drops to a preset temperature, the front rewarming switch valve 501 is controlled to be closed, and the rewarming is completed, so that the temperature of the filling pipe 2 is restored to near normal temperature.

[0142] In the embodiments of the present application, the term "a plurality of" refers to two or more, unless otherwise explicitly specified. The terms "mounting", "connecting", "fixing" and the like should be understood in a broad sense, for example, "connecting" can be fixed connection, can also be detachable connection, or integrally connected. For those skilled in the art, the specific meaning of the above terms in the embodiments of the present application can be understood according to the specific circumstances.

[0143] In the description of the embodiments of the present application, it should be understood that the terms "upper", "lower" and the like indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the embodiments of the present application and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or unit referred to must have a particular direction, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, therefore, it cannot be understood as a limitation on the embodiments of the present application.

[0144] In the description of the present application, the terms "one embodiment", "one preferred embodiment" and the like mean that the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described in conjunction with the embodiment or example are included in at least one embodiment or example of the present application. In the present application, the illustrative description of the above terms does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Moreover, the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described can be combined in any one or more embodiments or examples in a suitable manner.

[0145] The above is only the preferred embodiment of the present application, and is not intended to limit the embodiments of the present application. For those skilled in the art, the present application can have various modifications and changes. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the present application shall be included in the protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A liquid hydrogen fuelling process test apparatus, characterised in that, include: Discharge pipe (1), filling pipe (2), front filling pipe (3), rear filling pipe (4), front replacement pipe (5), rear replacement pipe (6) and front reheating pipe (7); The discharge end of the filling pipe (2), the inlet end of the discharge pipe (1) and the inlet end of the post-filling pipe (4) are disposed in the isolation cavity (01); the discharge end of the filling pipe (2), the inlet end of the post-filling pipe (4) and the inlet end of the discharge pipe (1) are all provided with a one-way flow mechanism; The discharge end of the front filling pipeline (3) is connected to the inlet end of the filling pipeline (2), so that the front filling pipeline (3), the filling pipeline (2) and the rear filling pipeline (4) form a filling pipeline; The discharge end of the front replacement pipeline (5) is connected to the isolation cavity (01), and the inlet end of the rear replacement pipeline (6) is connected to the discharge end of the discharge pipe (1), so that the front replacement pipeline (5), the discharge pipe (1) and the rear replacement pipeline (6) form a replacement pipeline; The front filling pipeline (3), the filling pipeline (2), the discharge pipeline (1) and the rear replacement pipeline (6) form a pre-cooling pipeline; The discharge end of the front reheating pipeline (7) is connected to the middle of the front filling pipeline (3), so that the front reheating pipeline (7), the front filling pipeline (3), the filling pipe (2), the discharge pipe (1) and the rear replacement pipeline (6) form the first reheating pipeline; The front filling pipeline (3), the rear filling pipeline (4), the front replacement pipeline (5), the rear replacement pipeline (6), and the front reheating pipeline (7) are all equipped with flow control units and detection units.

2. A liquid hydrogen fuelling process test apparatus according to claim 1, wherein, The flow control unit includes a front filling valve group (10), a rear filling valve group (20), a front displacement valve group (30), a rear displacement valve group (40), and a front reheat valve group (50); The front filling valve group (10) is installed on the front filling pipeline (3), the rear filling valve group (20) is installed on the rear filling pipeline (4), the front replacement valve group (30) is installed on the front replacement pipeline (5), the rear replacement valve group (40) is installed on the rear replacement pipeline (6), and the front reheat valve group (50) is installed on the front reheat pipeline (7). The detection unit includes a pre-filling detection unit, a post-filling detection unit, a pre-displacement detection unit, a post-displacement detection unit, and a pre-reheating detection unit; The pre-filling detection unit is connected to the pre-warming valve group (50); the post-filling detection unit is connected to the pre-filling valve group (10); the pre-displacement detection unit is connected to the pre-displacement valve group (30); the post-displacement detection unit is connected to the pre-displacement valve group (30), the pre-filling valve group (10), and the post-displacement valve group (40); the pre-warming detection unit is connected to the pre-warming valve group (50).

3. A liquid hydrogen fuelling process test apparatus according to claim 2, wherein, It also includes a post-warming pipeline (8); the inlet of the post-warming pipeline (8) is connected to the middle of the front filling pipeline (3); The front rewarming pipeline (7), the front filling pipeline (3), the filling pipe (2) and the rear rewarming pipeline (8) form a second rewarming pipeline; The rear rewarming pipeline (8) is provided with the flow control unit and the detection unit.

4. A liquid hydrogen fuelling process test apparatus according to claim 3, wherein, The detection unit comprises a rear rewarming detection unit; The flow control unit comprises a rear rewarming valve group (60) arranged on the rear rewarming pipeline (8); The front filling detection unit is connected with the rear rewarming valve group (60).

5. The liquid hydrogen fuelling process test apparatus of claim 1, wherein, The discharge end of the filling pipe (2) is oppositely and spacedly arranged with the entering end of the rear filling pipeline (4).

6. The liquid hydrogen fuelling process test apparatus of claim 1, wherein, The detection unit at least comprises one of the following: a temperature detection unit, a pressure detection unit, a flow detection unit and a gas component detection unit.

7. The liquid hydrogen fuelling process test apparatus of claim 1, wherein, A heat preservation and insulation shell (9) is included; The heat preservation and insulation shell (9) is wrapped outside the discharge pipe (1) and the filling pipe (2).

8. A method for testing a liquid hydrogen refueling process, applied to the liquid hydrogen refueling process testing device according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that, It includes: A replacement process, closing the filling pipe (2), the rear filling pipeline (4) and the front rewarming pipeline (7), and exhausting the air in the insulation cavity (01) through the replacement pipeline; A precooling process, closing the rear filling pipeline (4), the front replacement pipeline (5) and the front rewarming pipeline (7), and precooling the filling pipe (2) through the precooling pipeline; A filling process, closing the front replacement pipeline (5), the rear replacement pipeline (6) and the front rewarming pipeline (7), and filling liquid hydrogen through the filling pipeline; A rewarming process, closing the rear filling pipeline (4) and the front replacement pipeline (5), and rewarming the filling pipe (2) through the first rewarming pipeline.

9. The method of claim 8, wherein, In the replacement process, the flow control unit on the front replacement pipeline (5) is controlled by the data detected by the detection unit arranged on the front replacement pipeline (5), and the flow control unit on the rear replacement pipeline (6) is controlled by the data detected by the detection unit arranged on the rear replacement pipeline (6); In the precooling process, the flow control unit on the front filling pipeline (3) is controlled by the data detected by the detection unit arranged on the rear replacement pipeline (6); In the filling process, the flow control unit on the front filling pipeline (3) is controlled by the data detected by the detection unit arranged on the rear filling pipeline (4); In the rewarming process, the flow control unit on the front rewarming pipeline (7) is controlled by the data detected by the detection unit arranged on the rear replacement pipeline (6).

10. The method of claim 8, wherein, The liquid hydrogen filling process test device further comprises a rear rewarming pipeline (8); the entering end of the rear rewarming pipeline (8) is in communication with the middle part of the front filling pipeline (3); the front rewarming pipeline (7), the front filling pipeline (3), the filling pipe (2) and the rear rewarming pipeline (8) form a second rewarming pipeline; and the rear rewarming pipeline (8) is provided with the flow control unit and the detection unit. The liquid hydrogen filling process test method further comprises, in the rewarming process, controlling the flow control units on the front rewarming pipeline (7) and the rear rewarming pipeline (8) by the data detected by the detection unit arranged on the front filling pipeline (3).

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