High-temperature high-speed erosion test equipment

Abstract

The invention provides high-temperature high-speed erosion test equipment which comprises a sand supply mechanism, a sand blasting gun, a temperature control system and a test device, a material tank of the sand supply mechanism is arranged on the upper portion of a frame, a sand supply pipe is arranged in the middle of the frame, the sand blasting gun is connected with the sand supply pipe and vertically arranged in the frame, and a sample clamp is arranged below the sand blasting gun and located in the frame. The temperature control system is used for heating the erosion fluid and the workpiece to the corresponding target temperature, and sand supplied through the sand supply mechanism enters the sand supply pipe and the sand blasting gun and is vertically and downwards eroded on the workpiece after being heated and accelerated. The high-temperature and high-speed erosion test equipment disclosed by the invention not only can realize a high-temperature and high-speed erosion function, but also can control a trace amount of sand grains to be accurately and smoothly fed, can quickly realize linear erosion, can accurately control the consistency of a linear erosion area, and can smoothly, quickly and safely carry out an erosion fluid test in a narrow space.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of erosion testing, and in particular to a high-temperature and high-speed erosion testing device. Background Art

[0002] High temperature and high speed erosion test equipment is a device used to evaluate the wear resistance of materials. It injects erosion particles into the main airflow by accelerating and heating the airflow to form an erosion airflow (erosion fluid), and makes the particles reach a high speed of 200±10m / s and a high temperature of thousands of degrees.

[0003] In the prior art, typical erosion test equipment in China includes: a rotary vacuum erosion resistance tester (CN212646342U) developed by Mining and Metallurgical Technology Group Co., Ltd., which includes a sand collecting device, a sand throwing device and a vacuum chamber, wherein at least one test piece is installed in the vacuum chamber, and the discharge port of the sand collecting device is connected to the feed port of the sand throwing device; another example is a screen tube erosion resistance test device disclosed in document CN103852412B, which includes a sand tank, a mixing output unit, a sand mixer with a cavity, an acceleration tube, a nozzle and a test unit, wherein a sand outlet is provided at the bottom of the sand tank, and the sand outlet of the sand tank is connected to the sand outlet of the sand tank. The cavities of the sand mixer are interconnected, and the mixing output unit includes a gas transmission pipeline and a liquid transmission pipeline arranged in parallel. The mixing output unit is connected in series with the sand mixer, the accelerating tube and the nozzle in sequence, and the nozzle is aligned with the test unit; Document CN110455701A provides a gas-solid two-phase high-temperature erosion test device, including a gas transmission unit, a feeding unit, an erosion pipe, an erosion chamber, a sample fixing unit, a laser velocimeter, a high-speed camera and a computer. The gas transmission unit includes a gas transmission trunk line, a gas heating chamber, a first gas transmission branch line and a second gas transmission branch line. The feeding unit includes a shell, a hopper and a feeding pipe, and the shell is sealed as a whole.

[0004] However, as mentioned above, the erosion test equipment cannot be applied to the erosion test of certain aviation materials due to at least the following problems, including: it is impossible to achieve high-temperature (not less than 950°C) and high-speed (erosion fluid speed is not less than 190m / s) erosion functions, it is impossible to control the precise and smooth feeding of trace (not more than 5g / min) sand particles, it is impossible to quickly achieve linear erosion, and it is impossible to smoothly, quickly and safely perform erosion fluid testing in a small space. Summary of the invention

[0005] The present invention provides a high-temperature and high-speed erosion test device, which can at least solve the technical problems mentioned in the background technology.

[0006] A high-temperature and high-speed erosion test device includes a sand supply mechanism, a sandblasting gun, a temperature control system and a test device. The material tank of the sand supply mechanism is arranged on the upper part of the frame, the sand supply pipe of the sand supply mechanism is arranged in the middle part of the frame, the sandblasting gun is connected to the sand supply pipe and is arranged vertically in the frame, a sample fixture is arranged below the sandblasting gun and in the frame, and the temperature control system is used to heat the erosion fluid and the workpiece to the corresponding target temperature. The sand material supplied by the sand supply mechanism enters the sand supply pipe and the sandblasting gun and is heated and accelerated to erode the workpiece vertically downward. With such a structure, most of the accessories of the sand supply mechanism, the sandblasting gun and the temperature control system are integrated into one frame, which is not only compact in structure, but also convenient for carrying out high-temperature and high-speed erosion tests in a smaller space.

[0007] In the present invention, the sand supply mechanism includes a material tank, a horizontally arranged spiral feeding mechanism is arranged at the outlet of the material tank, a vertically arranged sand supply pipe is arranged below the discharge hole of the spiral feeding mechanism, and a first star-shaped material valve is arranged at the top of the sand supply pipe, the valve disc top edge of the first star-shaped material valve can be rotated to the discharge hole of the spiral feeding mechanism, and the sand introduced from the material tank through the spiral feeding mechanism is distributed between adjacent valve discs of the first star-shaped material valve when entering the discharge hole; an airway is arranged on the screw shaft of the spiral feeding mechanism, all outlets of the airway are located directly above the discharge hole, and all outlets of the airway together form an annular structure, and the airway inlet is externally connected to a compressed air source; all outlet apertures of the airway are larger than the diameter of the sand; all outlets of the airway are located in the thread groove of the screw shaft; a second star-shaped material valve is arranged on the sand supply pipe and below the first star-shaped material valve, and the second star-shaped material valve is driven by servo motor 2.

[0008] In the present invention, the sandblasting gun comprises a gun barrel, a nozzle is arranged at the lower end of the gun barrel, the nozzle comprises a contraction portion, a throat portion, a flat expansion portion and a corrugated portion which are arranged in sequence and integrally formed, the inner cavity of the corrugated portion is in a corrugated structure, the bottom of the inner cavity of the corrugated portion faces the same direction as the inner cavity of the flat expansion portion, the gun barrel is installed in a tube seat, the corrugated portion is in a rectangular structure as a whole, and the inner cavity of the joint of the nozzle comprises a second contraction portion, a second throat portion and a second expansion portion which are arranged in sequence.

[0009] In the present invention, the temperature control system comprises a sand supply pipe connected to a high-pressure gas source device, through which the high-pressure gas source device supplies gas for driving the sand particles to run at high speed to the inner cavity of the sand supply pipe, and the sand supply pipe comprises an upper straight pipe section, a middle oblique pipe section and a lower straight pipe section assembly connected in sequence, the upper straight pipe section and the lower straight pipe section assembly are arranged vertically, the middle oblique pipe section is arranged obliquely, the lower end of the upper straight pipe section is lower than the upper end of the lower straight pipe section assembly, the middle oblique pipe section is in a spiral structure, the middle oblique pipe section is arranged in the first induction coil or heating module of the induction heating system, the lower end of the middle oblique pipe section is connected to the medium-pressure gas source device, and the lower straight pipe section assembly is connected to the high-pressure gas source device; the end section of the lower straight pipe section assembly adopts a Laval tube structure; a lifter is arranged below the lower straight pipe section assembly, and the top end of the telescopic rod of the lifter is fixed A fixed connection shell is provided in the shell, a heating cylinder is arranged in the shell, the inner cavity of the heating cylinder can accommodate the workpiece and its fixture, and the fixture is connected to the lower end of the lower straight pipe section assembly; the angle between the center line of the middle oblique pipe section and the center line of the lower straight pipe section assembly is 40-60°; the lower straight pipe section assembly is a part of the barrel, and the end section of the lower straight pipe section assembly includes a tapered adjustment section, a reduced diameter section, a throat section and an expansion section connected in sequence, the lower end of the expansion section is connected to a nozzle, and the diameter of the lower end of the tapered adjustment section is greater than the diameter of the upper end of the tapered adjustment section; a bucket-shaped component with a chamber is arranged on the lower straight pipe section assembly, the upper part of the chamber of the bucket-shaped component is cylindrical, and the lower part of the chamber is funnel-shaped, and a second induction coil is sleeved on the outer periphery of the lower part of the chamber; the connection part between the high-pressure gas source equipment and the lower straight pipe section assembly is located at the top of the bucket-shaped component.

[0010] In the present invention, the clamp is rotatably connected to the clamp bracket, and the rotation range of the clamp is 15 to 90 degrees.

[0011] In the present invention, the testing device includes a detection mechanism that can be moved laterally to the position directly below the nozzle, the detection mechanism includes a box body, a strip slit is arranged on the top surface of the box body, the outer end of the strip slit (the end of the strip slit in the length direction) is flush with the side end surface of the box body, a flexible material is arranged in the strip slit, and a plurality of strip-shaped flexible materials are embedded in the narrowest part of the strip slit. When the flexible material is impacted by the erosion fluid from the nozzle, the particles in the flexible material and the erosion fluid enter the inner cavity of the box body together; the strip slit is thick at the upper and lower parts and thin in the middle part, the middle part of the strip slit is used to embed the flexible material, and the width of the middle part of the strip slit is just equal to the width of the flexible material; the flexible material is made of colored clay; the box body is a rectangular box body; the box body is installed in On the movable seat of the lead screw translation mechanism, the lead screw translation mechanism is driven by a servo motor; when the lead screw translation mechanism is in operation, the strip slit on the box body is always perpendicular to the vertically arranged nozzle axis; an electronic weighing module is arranged on the movable seat, and the electronic weighing module is used to weigh the weight of the box body and its accessories; a first force sensor is arranged on one end of the box body close to the strip slit, and a second force sensor is arranged on the other end of the box body close to the strip slit. The force sensor, the servo motor of the lead screw translation mechanism, the erosion device, and the electronic weighing module are respectively connected to the control system, and the memory of the control system stores a program that can be run on the processor. When the processor executes the program, the following steps / functions are implemented: S01, controlling the operation of the erosion equipment so that the nozzle sprays the erosion fluid according to preset parameters; S02, controlling the servo motor of the lead screw translation mechanism to operate so that the lead screw translation mechanism drives the box to translate at a preset speed; S03, reading the initial weight G0 of the box and its accessories fed back by the electronic weighing module; S04, when the first force sensor senses the impact force of the erosion fluid, it feeds back force value information and records this time as the erosion start time t0; S05, when the second force sensor senses the impact force of the erosion fluid, it feeds back force value information and records this time as the erosion end time t1; S06, reading the final weight G1 of the box and its accessories fed back by the electronic weighing module; S07, calculating and outputting the erosion particle feed speed according to the following formula (1); K=(G1-G0) / (t1-t0)…………(1) Where K represents the erosion particle feed rate per unit time; The box body also has a second chamber and a third chamber, the second chamber and the third chamber are separated by a partition, a third force sensor is fixedly arranged in the second chamber, and a fourth force sensor is fixedly arranged in the third chamber, the force sensor adopts a flat plate force sensor, the third force sensor and the fourth force sensor are arranged side by side, and their sensing surfaces have a height difference H, and the height difference H is 8 to 20 cm; the sensing surface of the third force sensor can face the nozzle 1 of the erosion equipment, and the sensing surface of the fourth force sensor can face the nozzle 2 of the erosion equipment, the specifications of the nozzle 1 and the nozzle 2 are the same and the two are arranged at the same height position; the third force sensor and the fourth force sensor are both connected to the control system, and the processor of the control system also implements the following steps / functions when executing the program: S11, controlling the servo motor of the lead screw translation mechanism to operate so that the lead screw translation mechanism drives the box to continue to translate at a preset speed. During this process, the third force sensor and the fourth force sensor move forward synchronously; S12, when the third force sensor senses the impact force of the erosion fluid, this moment is recorded as the erosion time node one T1; S13, when the fourth force sensor senses the impact force of the erosion fluid, this moment is recorded as the erosion moment node 2 T2; S14, calculating and outputting the erosion fluid velocity according to the following formula (2); M=H / (T1–T2)…………(2) Where M represents the erosion fluid velocity.

[0012] Furthermore, the detection mechanism is mounted on the cantilever frame, which is mounted on the linear track. The cantilever frame and the detection mechanism can be translated along the linear track to between the nozzle and the sample fixture, and the cantilever frame and the detection mechanism can also be moved outside the frame along the linear track. With such a structure, the position of the test device can be flexibly adjusted, and it can be translated to a specified position when testing is required.

[0013] Furthermore, the clamp is a height-adjustable clamp.

[0014] As a preferred solution, the inner cavity gap width of the corrugated portion is 2 mm.

[0015] Furthermore, a funnel-shaped guard plate is arranged on the periphery of the sample fixture, and the lower end of the funnel-shaped guard plate is located at the top edge of the inner cavity of the heating tube. This solution can better prevent sand particles from splashing everywhere during the erosion process, and guide the sand particles to the bottom of the heating tube.

[0016] Beneficial effects: The high-temperature and high-speed erosion test equipment of the present invention can not only realize the high-temperature and high-speed erosion function, but also control the accurate and smooth feeding of trace (not more than 5g / min) sand particles, and can also quickly realize linear erosion, accurately control the consistency of the linear erosion area, and smoothly, quickly and safely perform erosion fluid testing in a small space. The present invention can ensure that the feeding mechanism is not blocked, can ensure that the sand particles are smoothly discharged from the small discharge hole, can make the sand particles move forward stably in the high-speed and high-temperature airflow, and only 1 to 2 meters of sand channel tubes are needed to achieve an erosion airflow speed of 200±10m / s or even higher, greatly simplifying the structure of the high-speed sand dust temperature control system, greatly reducing its floor space, and can shorten the erosion sample temperature control response time to less than three seconds without adjusting the sample temperature, and can accurately control the erosion sample temperature fluctuation range within the target temperature ±0.5℃ range, and the erosion sample temperature can be flexibly set within the range of room temperature to 1000℃. The present invention has the advantages of convenient test operation and safe and reliable operation process. It can be smoothly operated in a small space, the operation process is well controllable, and the erosion fluid test results can be given within ten minutes. The test device is hardly damaged by the impact of particles during use. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0017] Figure 1 This is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of the high-temperature and high-speed erosion test equipment in Example 1; Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the sand supply mechanism of the high-temperature and high-speed erosion test equipment in Example 1; Figure 3 Schematic diagram of the screw shaft of the sand supply mechanism in Example 1; Figure 4 Schematic cross-sectional view of the first star-shaped material valve of the sand supply mechanism in Example 1; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the first star-shaped material valve of the sand supply mechanism in Example 1; Figure 6 It is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of the nozzle of the sandblasting gun in Example 1; Figure 7 Schematic diagram of the main direction of the nozzle of the sandblasting gun in Example 1; Figure 8 Schematic diagram of the nozzle side of the sandblasting gun in Example 1; Fig. 9 is the nozzle profile of the sandblasting gun in Example 1 ( Figure 7 AA direction) schematic diagram; Fig.10 This is a schematic diagram of the high-speed sand and dust temperature control system in Example 1; Fig.11 It is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of the test device in the embodiment; Fig.12 It is a partial schematic diagram of the testing device in the embodiment; Fig.13 This is a top view schematic diagram of the test device in the embodiment; Fig.14 for Fig.13 Schematic diagram of the middle AA direction; Fig.15 for Fig.13 Schematic diagram of the middle BB direction; Fig.16 , Fig.17 It is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of the high-temperature and high-speed erosion test equipment in Example 2; Fig.18 This is a schematic diagram of the main direction of the high-temperature and high-speed erosion test equipment in Example 2; Fig.19 for Fig.16 The enlarged schematic diagram of the D part in the middle; Fig. 20 for Fig.16 Schematic diagram of the internal structure of the part where the middle nozzle support is located; Fig.21 This is a schematic diagram of the linear erosion area in Example 2; Fig. 22 Schematic diagram of linear erosion area comparison. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0018] The technical solution of the present invention is described clearly and completely below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention. Example 1

[0019] Combination Figures 1 to 10 As shown, a high-temperature and high-speed erosion test equipment includes a single set of sand supply mechanism, a sandblasting gun, a temperature control system and a testing device. The material tank 1 of the sand supply mechanism is arranged on the upper part of the frame 51, and the sand supply pipe 2 of the sand supply mechanism is arranged in the middle part of the frame 51. The sandblasting gun is connected to the sand supply pipe 2 and is vertically arranged in the frame 51. A sample fixture is arranged below the sandblasting gun and located in the frame 51. The temperature control system is used to heat the erosion fluid and the workpiece to the corresponding target temperature. The sand supplied by the sand supply mechanism enters the sand supply pipe 2 and the sandblasting gun and is heated and accelerated to erode the workpiece vertically downward.

[0020] In this embodiment, combined with Figures 1 to 5As shown, the sand supply mechanism includes a material tank 1, a horizontally arranged spiral feeding mechanism is arranged at the outlet of the material tank 1, a vertically arranged sand supply pipe 2 is arranged below the discharge hole 4 of the spiral feeding mechanism, the aperture of the discharge hole is 4mm, and a first star-shaped material valve 3 is arranged at the top of the sand supply pipe 2, the top edge of the valve disc of the first star-shaped material valve 3 can rotate to the discharge hole 4 of the spiral feeding mechanism, and the sand introduced from the material tank 1 through the spiral feeding mechanism enters the discharge hole 4 and is distributed between the adjacent valve discs of the first star-shaped material valve 3. An air channel 6 is arranged on the screw shaft 5 of the spiral feeding mechanism, all outlets of the air channel 6 are located directly above the discharge hole 4, and all outlets of the air channel 6 together form a ring structure, and the inlet of the air channel 6 is connected to an external compressed air source; the aperture of all outlets of the air channel 6 is larger than the diameter of the sand particles, and all outlets of the air channel 6 are located in the thread groove of the screw shaft 5. During use, the high-pressure gas ejected through all outlets of the air channel 6 exerts a force on the sand particles that are squeezed by the spinning, preventing the sand particles from sticking / aggregating in the thread groove and preventing the first star-shaped material valve 3 from being blocked. On the other hand, it can promote the sand particles to enter between the adjacent valve flaps of the star-shaped material valve. The first star-shaped material valve 3 includes a valve body 31, and a valve flap assembly 32 is arranged in the valve body 31. All valve flaps of the valve flap assembly 32 are evenly arranged on the rotating shaft. The outer edges of all valve flaps are gap-matched with the inner wall of the valve body 31. The rotating shaft of the valve flap assembly 32 is connected to a servo motor 1 33. The angle between the adjacent valve flaps of the first star-shaped material valve 3 is 60°. A second star-shaped material valve 7 is arranged on the sand supply pipe 2 and below the first star-shaped material valve 3. The second star-shaped material valve 7 is driven by a servo motor 2, and the angle between the adjacent valve flaps of the second star-shaped material valve 7 is 30°.

[0021] When in use, the test sand is loaded into the material tank 1, and then the cover of the material tank 1 is closed, and then the servo motors of the first star-shaped material valve 3 and the second star-shaped material valve 7 are turned on, the spiral feeding mechanism is turned on, and the compressed air source connected to the inlet of the airway 6 is turned on at the same time; then, the sand moves forward along the screw shaft 5 under the action of the spiral feeding mechanism, and when the sand enters the threaded groove at the discharge hole 4, part of the sand enters the discharge hole 4 under the spiral extrusion of the screw shaft 5 and falls between the adjacent valve discs of the first star-shaped material valve 3, and the high-pressure gas pumped in by the compressed air source further prompts the sand to enter between the adjacent valve discs of the first star-shaped material valve 3 below the discharge hole 4; then, With the help of the first star-shaped valve 3, the sand entering the discharge hole 4 is introduced into the tube cavity between the two star-shaped valves in batches until the sand is blown between the adjacent valve flaps of the second star-shaped valve 7, and then the sand in the tube cavity is led out in batches with the help of the high-speed rotation of the second star-shaped valve 7, so that the trace sand feeding amount can be controlled within the range of 1.8 to 3g / min (after the sand supply process is stable, five one-minute measurements are randomly selected, and the measurement results are 2.3g / min, 1.8g / min, 3g / min, 2.5g / min, and 1.8g / min, respectively), and at the same time, it can ensure that the feeding mechanism is not blocked. In the sand supply mechanism, one of the key points is the air channel 6 arranged just above the discharge hole 4 and its external compressed air source. If the air channel 6 is too far from just above the discharge hole 4 or is located on the sand supply pipe 2, it cannot prevent fine sand particles of a specific particle size from sticking / agglomerating in the thread groove and prevent the inlet of the first star-shaped valve 3 (specific aperture, the aperture is not more than 4 mm) from being blocked.

[0022] In this embodiment, combined with Figures 6 to 9 As shown, the sandblasting gun includes a barrel, which is installed in a tube seat. The barrel has a Laval tube section, and a nozzle 72 is arranged at the lower end of the barrel. The nozzle 72 is installed in a nozzle support 38 and connected to the lower end of the barrel. The nozzle 72 has a contraction portion 73, a throat portion 74, a flat expansion portion 75 and a wave-shaped portion 76 arranged in sequence and integrally formed. The inner cavity of the wave-shaped portion 76 is a wave-shaped structure, and the bottom of the inner cavity of the wave-shaped portion 76 faces the same direction as the inner cavity of the flat expansion portion 75. Among them, the inner cavity width of the wave-shaped portion 76 is 2mm, and the outer portion of the wave-shaped portion 76 is a rectangular structure as a whole. In this embodiment, the inner cavity of the joint of the nozzle 72 has a second contraction portion 77, a second throat 78, and a second expansion portion 79 arranged in sequence from top to bottom.

[0023] In this embodiment, combined with Figure 1 and Fig.10As shown, the temperature control system includes a sand supply pipe 2 connected to a high-pressure gas source device, through which the high-pressure gas source device supplies gas for driving the sand particles to run at high speed to the inner cavity of the sand supply pipe 2. The sand supply pipe 2 has an upper straight pipe section 20, a middle oblique pipe section 21 and a lower straight pipe section assembly 22 connected in sequence. The upper straight pipe section 20 and the lower straight pipe section assembly 22 are arranged vertically, and the middle oblique pipe section 21 is arranged obliquely. The lower end of the upper straight pipe section 20 is lower than the upper end of the lower straight pipe section assembly 22. The middle oblique pipe section 21 has a spiral structure. The middle oblique pipe section 21 is arranged in the first induction coil of the induction heating system. The angle between the center line of the middle oblique pipe section 21 and the center line of the lower straight pipe section assembly 22 is 50°. The lower end of the middle oblique pipe section 21 is connected to the medium-pressure gas source equipment through a gas source connector 29, and the lower straight pipe section assembly 22 is connected to the high-pressure gas source equipment.

[0024] Among them, the end section of the lower straight pipe section assembly 22 adopts a Laval tube structure. The lower straight pipe section assembly 22 serves as a part of the gun barrel. The end section of the lower straight pipe section assembly 22 includes a tapered adjustment section 40, a reduced diameter section 41, a throat section 42 and an expansion section 43 connected in sequence. The lower end of the expansion section 44 is connected to a nozzle 47 (the subsequent nozzles one and two are collectively referred to as nozzles 47). The diameter of the lower end of the tapered adjustment section 40 is greater than the diameter of the upper end of the tapered adjustment section 40. A lifter 13 is arranged below the lower straight pipe section assembly 22. The lifter 13 adopts a screw lifting mechanism. The top end of the telescopic rod of the lifter 13 is fixedly connected to the shell 14. A heating tube 15 is arranged in the shell 14. The inner cavity of the heating tube 15 can accommodate a workpiece 16 and its clamp 17. The clamp 17 is connected to the lower end of the lower straight pipe section assembly 22. The clamp 17 is rotatably connected to the clamp bracket 18. The rotation range of the clamp 17 is 15 to 90° (relative to the initial state angle of the horizontal plane, the minimum rotation angle of the clamp 17 is 15°, and the maximum rotation angle is 90°), that is, the clamp 17 can be rotated to any angle within the range of 15 to 90°. An upper support member 23 and a lower support member 24 are arranged on the lower straight pipe section assembly 22. The upper support member 23 is arranged on the top surface of the support plate 25, and the lower support member 24 is arranged close to the wall on the bottom surface of the support plate 25. Flexible gaskets are arranged between the upper support member 23 and the support plate 25 and between the lower support member 24 and the support plate 25. The upper support member 23 and the lower support member 24 are connected together by tension bolts 27.

[0025] Among them, a bucket-shaped component 45 with a chamber is arranged on the lower straight pipe section assembly 22, the upper part of the chamber of the bucket-shaped component 45 is cylindrical, the lower part of the chamber is funnel-shaped, and a second induction coil 46 is sleeved on the outer periphery of the lower part of the chamber; the connection part 26 (gas source connector) between the high-pressure gas source equipment and the lower straight pipe section assembly 22 is located at the top of the bucket-shaped component 45, and the angle between the axis of the connection part 26 (gas source connector) and the axis of the bucket-shaped component 45 is 40°, so that the introduced high-pressure airflow can be further fully mixed with the particles (sand particles) in the sand supply pipe and instantly heated to the target temperature, and the introduced high-pressure airflow can impact the lower inner wall of the chamber and carry the particles smoothly into the inner cavity of the last section of the lower straight pipe section assembly 22. The bucket-shaped component 45 and the sand supply pipe 2 are both made of tungsten copper alloy pipe.

[0026] When in use, the medium-pressure gas source device and the high-pressure gas source device are turned on, the heating system at the middle oblique pipe section 21 and the bucket-shaped component 45 is turned on and the heating target temperature is set, the sand introduced by the sand supply mechanism enters the upper straight pipe section 20, and the medium-pressure gas supplied by the medium-pressure gas source device enters the inner cavity of the middle oblique pipe section 21 from the gas source connector 29. This part of the gas is mixed with the sand falling from the upper straight pipe section 20 and then moves forward in a spiral manner in the inner cavity of the middle oblique pipe section 21 and is quickly heated, so that the sand and the medium-pressure gas are fully mixed (forming particle fluid one) and heated to the first target temperature; then, this part of the particle fluid enters the inner cavity of the bucket-shaped component 45, and is further fully mixed with the high-pressure airflow introduced by the connecting part 26 (gas source connector) (forming particle fluid two) and is instantly heated to the second target temperature, and the particle fluid two then instantly and smoothly enters the inner cavity of the last section of the lower straight pipe section component 22, and is accelerated to the target speed again in the inner cavity of the last section of the lower straight pipe section component 22 (Laval tube structure). When adjusting the temperature of the eroded sample, when the temperature difference before and after the eroded sample is adjusted is not greater than 100°C, usually only the second target temperature needs to be adjusted. When the temperature difference before and after the eroded sample is adjusted is greater than 100°C, usually the second target temperature and the target temperature of the heating tube 15 need to be adjusted. Since the particle fluid 2 is sprayed from the bucket-shaped component 45 to the workpiece 16 in an instant, when only the second target temperature needs to be adjusted, the temperature control response time can also be completed in an instant. When the second target temperature and the target temperature of the heating tube 15 need to be adjusted, the particle fluid 2 can be used to achieve rapid heating or cooling of the workpiece 16, and the temperature control response time can also be completed within three seconds.

[0027] The key to the temperature control system of this embodiment lies in the use of a sand supply pipe 2 with a specific structure, a bucket-shaped component 45, a middle oblique pipe section 21 with a spiral structure and a heating method at a specific position. The particle fluid can stay and absorb heat for a relatively long time in the middle oblique pipe section 21 and the bucket-shaped component 45. In particular, the particle fluid repeatedly circumvents in the middle oblique pipe section 21 and makes multi-directional returns and diffusion movements in the inner cavity of the bucket-shaped component 45, so that the sand and gas in the particle fluid can be fully, evenly and smoothly heated to the corresponding target temperature during the high-speed movement, and the temperature fluctuation range of the eroded sample is small. Example 2

[0028] Combination Figures 16 to 20 As shown, a high-temperature and high-speed erosion test equipment is shown. Referring to Example 1, the main difference between it and Example 1 is that two sets of sand supply mechanisms are arranged on the frame 51, the specifications of the two sets of sand supply mechanisms are exactly the same, and the nozzle 1 50 and the nozzle 2 49 share the same nozzle support 38. The test device shown in the figure is just in the test state.

[0029] The test device of the present invention is described by taking Example 2 as an example. Figures 11 to 15 As shown, the test device includes a detection mechanism that can be moved to the bottom of the nozzle (the width of the nozzle hole is 2 mm), the detection mechanism is installed on a cantilever frame 52, and the cantilever frame 52 is installed on a linear track 51. The cantilever frame 52 and the detection mechanism can be translated along the linear track 51 to between the nozzle 47 and the sample fixture. The cantilever frame 52 and the detection mechanism can also be moved along the linear track 51 to the outside of the frame 51. The fixture 17 of the sample fixture adopts a height-adjustable fixture.

[0030] Among them, the detection mechanism includes a box body 57, and a strip seam 59 is arranged on the top surface of the box body 57. The distance between the strip seam 59 and the nozzle outlet is 5 mm. The outer end of the strip seam 59 is flush with the side end surface of the box body 57. A flexible material 60 is arranged in the strip seam 59. The flexible material 60 is made of commercially available colored mud. Several strips of flexible material 60 are embedded in the narrowest part of the strip seam 59. When the flexible material 60 is impacted by the erosion fluid from the nozzle, the flexible material 60 and the particles in the erosion fluid enter the inner cavity of the box body 57 together.

[0031] The strip seam 59 is thick at the top and bottom and thin in the middle. The middle of the strip seam 59 is used to embed the flexible material 60, and the width of the middle of the strip seam 59 is just equal to the width of the flexible material 60, and the width of the middle of the strip seam 59 is 8 mm. In this embodiment, the flexible material 60 is the best using colored mud. If ordinary soft materials (such as rubber, silicone) are used, there will be a problem of a large number of erosion particles splashing, and the safety is very poor. If no flexible material is set at the strip seam 59, the space of the inner cavity of the box body 57 (the inner cavity directly below the strip seam 59) needs to be set relatively larger, otherwise the particles entering the inner cavity will rush to the strip seam 59.

[0032] Among them, the box body 57 adopts a rectangular box body, and the box body 57 has a first chamber, and the strip seam 59 is located on the top cover of the first chamber; it also has a second chamber and a third chamber, the volume of the first chamber is 1 / 2 of the volume of the second chamber or the third chamber, the second chamber and the third chamber are separated by a partition 58, a third force sensor 56 is fixedly arranged in the second chamber, and a fourth force sensor 48 is fixedly arranged in the third chamber, the third force sensor 56 and the fourth force sensor 48 are arranged side by side and their sensing surfaces have a height difference H, and the third force sensor 56 and the fourth force sensor 48 are both installed on the bottom wall of the chamber; the sensing surface of the third force sensor 56 can face the nozzle 1 50 of the erosion equipment, and the sensing surface of the fourth force sensor 48 can face the nozzle 2 49 of the erosion equipment, the specifications of the nozzle 1 50 and the nozzle 2 49 are the same and the two are arranged at the same height position; the third force sensor 56 and the fourth force sensor 48 are both connected to the control system. The box 57 is installed on the movable seat of the screw translation mechanism, the movable seat is matched on the guide rail 39, and the screw translation mechanism is driven by a servo motor; when the screw translation mechanism is running, the strip slit 59 on the box 57 is always perpendicular to the vertically arranged nozzle axis; an electronic weighing module is arranged on the movable seat, and the electronic weighing module is used to weigh the weight of the box 57 and its accessories; a first force sensor 44 is arranged on one end of the box 57 near the strip slit 59, and a second force sensor 55 is arranged on the other end of the box 57 near the strip slit 59. The force sensor, the servo motor of the screw translation mechanism, the erosion device, and the electronic weighing module are respectively connected to the control system. Among them, the force sensors (the first force sensor 44, the second force sensor 55, the third force sensor 56, and the fourth force sensor 48) are flat-plate force sensors (flat-plate pressure sensors), and the height difference H between the sensing surfaces of the third force sensor 56 and the fourth force sensor 48 is 12 cm. The memory of the control system stores a program that can be run on the processor. When the processor executes the program, the following steps / functions are implemented: S01, controlling the operation of the erosion equipment so that the nozzle sprays the erosion fluid according to preset parameters; S02, controlling the servo motor of the lead screw translation mechanism to operate so that the lead screw translation mechanism drives the box 57 to translate at a preset speed; S03, reading the initial weight G0 of the box 57 and its accessories fed back by the electronic weighing module; S04, when the first force sensor 44 senses the impact force of the erosion fluid, it feeds back force value information and records this time as the erosion start time t0; S05, when the second force sensor 55 senses the impact force of the erosion fluid, it feeds back force value information and records this time as the erosion end time t1; S06, reading the final weight G1 of the box 57 and its accessories fed back by the electronic weighing module; S07, calculating and outputting the erosion particle feed speed according to the following formula 1; K=G1-G0 / t1-t0………… (1) Where K represents the erosion particle feed rate per unit time.

[0033] In the embodiment, when the erosion fluid velocity test is required, two sets of sand supply systems and corresponding temperature control systems with exactly the same specifications need to be configured on the erosion equipment, and the processor of the control system also implements the following steps / functions when executing the program: S11, controlling the servo motor of the lead screw translation mechanism to operate, so that the lead screw translation mechanism drives the box 57 to continue to translate at a preset speed. During this process, the third force sensor 56 and the fourth force sensor 48 move forward synchronously; S12, when the third force sensor 56 senses the moment of the impact force of the erosion fluid, this moment is recorded as the erosion time node one T1; S13, when the fourth force sensor 48 senses the impact force of the erosion fluid, this moment is recorded as the erosion moment node 2 T2; S14, calculating and outputting the erosion fluid velocity according to the following formula 2; M=H / T1–T2…………(2) Where M represents the erosion fluid velocity.

[0034] When in use, when the particles in the erosion fluid are sand particles, during the erosion particle feeding speed and erosion fluid speed test, there is no splashing outside the box 57, and the flexible material 60 and the sand particles can smoothly enter the inner cavity of the box 57. Since only a single set of sand supply mechanism is provided in embodiment 1, when the test device is used, the current scheme can only be used to test the erosion particle feeding speed; while two sets of completely identical sand supply mechanisms are provided in embodiment 2, when the test device is used, it can be used to test both the erosion particle feeding speed and the erosion fluid speed.

[0035] In the process of testing the feeding speed of erosion particles, the flexible granular material is cleverly used to absorb the energy of the erosion fluid while guiding the erosion particles to smoothly pass through the strip gap and enter the first chamber, and the flexible granular material can absorb part of the erosion particles and merge into one, so that the erosion particles within a specific time period can be smoothly and safely captured in a smaller space, and then the first force sensor and the second force sensor are used to determine the erosion starting point, so as to accurately determine the feeding speed of the erosion particles; in the process of testing the erosion fluid velocity, the third force sensor and the fourth force sensor with a height difference are cleverly used to accurately sense the erosion fluid at the same time, and the force sensor is creatively used to assist in determining the erosion fluid velocity. The moment the force sensor is subjected to force, it can indicate that the erosion fluid just acts on the sensing surface of the force sensor, and the erosion fluid velocity test can be completed quickly and smoothly within a relatively short distance, while taking into account the accuracy of the test results.

[0036] In one of the test schemes of Example 1, when the erosion gas flow velocity is controlled to 200±10m / s, the first target temperature is set to 600°C, the second target temperature is set to 1200°C, and the target temperature of the heating tube 15 is set to 1000°C (i.e., the workpiece 16 is heated to 1000°C), the erosion sample temperature can be ensured to always be kept within the range of 1000±0.5°C during the test (the erosion sample temperature fluctuation range is very small, and the erosion sample temperature is very stable). When the erosion sample temperature needs to be controlled within the range of 950±0.5°C, one of the adjustment methods is to only set the second target temperature to 910°C. In this solution, a high-speed and high-temperature impact function is realized, which can make the sand particles move forward stably in the high-speed and high-temperature airflow. Only a 1-2 meter long sand supply pipe is needed to achieve an erosion airflow velocity of 200±10m / s or even higher, which greatly simplifies the structure of the high-speed sand and dust temperature control system and greatly reduces its footprint. More importantly, the temperature control response time of the erosion sample can be shortened to less than three seconds without adjusting the sample temperature. The temperature fluctuation range of the erosion sample can be accurately controlled within the range of ±0.5℃ of the target temperature, and the erosion sample temperature can be flexibly set in the range of room temperature to 1000℃.

[0037] Performance test: The high-temperature and high-speed erosion test equipment in Example 2 was used for the test. The erosion particles used were sand particles with a particle size of 100 to 150 meshes. The erosion particle feed speed was adjusted to 5 g / s, and the erosion fluid speed was adjusted to 200 ± 10 m / s. Then the nozzle of the sandblasting gun was directed to the test plate (0.2 mm thick copper foil bonded to the substrate), and the distance between the nozzle outlet and the copper foil surface was controlled to be 10 mm. Then the sandblasting equipment (or erosion equipment) was turned on. After the end, the depression points on the copper foil were observed and counted. The test results are shown in FIG. Fig.21 (After zooming in), the frame line in the figure indicates the boundary corresponding to the nozzle outlet. Fig. 22Corresponding to the sandblasting gun test results in the comparative solution (after enlargement), the difference between the comparative solution and Example 2 is that the corrugated portion 76 is omitted in the lower section of the nozzle. Fig.21 It can be seen that the average width of the linear erosion area sprayed in Example 2 is 2.17mm (the maximum width is 2.22mm, the minimum width is 2.12mm), the consistency of the erosion area in the width direction is good, and only a very small amount of erosion particles drift outside the standard boundary; while the comparison scheme is adopted, the average width of the linear erosion area sprayed is 1.75mm (the maximum width is 2.21mm, the minimum width is 1.29mm), the consistency of the erosion area in the width direction is poor, and the middle part has an obvious narrowing area, and only a large number of erosion particles drift outside the standard boundary. In summary, the scheme in Example 2 can not only accurately control the consistency of the linear erosion area, but also solve the problem that the erosion fluid sprayed from the nozzle is very easy to drift, effectively avoid the erosion particles at the corners of the nozzle drifting outward, which is conducive to improving the efficiency of the erosion test. Example 3

[0038] A high-temperature and high-speed erosion test equipment, referring to Example 1 or Example 2, the difference between it and Example 1 or Example 2 is that a funnel-shaped guard is arranged on the periphery of the sample fixture, and the lower end of the funnel-shaped guard is located at the top edge of the inner cavity of the heating tube 15, so as to better prevent the sand particles from splashing everywhere during the erosion process, and to guide the sand particles to the bottom of the heating tube 15. Example 4

[0039] A high-temperature and high-speed erosion test device, referring to Example 1 or Example 2, is different from Example 1 or Example 2 in that the nozzle 47 is a round hole nozzle with an aperture of any value between 2 and 5 mm.

Claims

1. A high-temperature and high-speed erosion test equipment, comprising a sand supply mechanism, a sandblasting gun, a temperature control system and a test device, characterized in that: The material tank (1) of the sand supply mechanism is arranged at the upper part of the frame (51), the sand supply pipe (2) of the sand supply mechanism is arranged at the middle part of the frame (51), the sand blasting gun is connected to the sand supply pipe (2) and is arranged vertically in the frame (51), a sample fixture is arranged below the sand blasting gun and in the frame (51), and the temperature control system is used to heat the erosion fluid and the workpiece to corresponding target temperatures, and the sand material supplied by the sand supply mechanism enters the sand supply pipe (2) and the sand blasting gun and is heated and accelerated to erode the workpiece vertically downward.

2. The high-temperature and high-speed erosion test equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that: The sand supply mechanism comprises a material tank (1), a horizontally arranged spiral feeding mechanism is arranged at the outlet of the material tank (1), a vertically arranged sand supply pipe (2) is arranged below the discharge hole (4) of the spiral feeding mechanism, a first star-shaped material valve (3) is arranged at the top of the sand supply pipe (2), the valve flap top edge of the first star-shaped material valve (3) can rotate to the discharge hole (4) of the spiral feeding mechanism, and the sand introduced from the material tank (1) through the spiral feeding mechanism enters the discharge hole (4) and is distributed between adjacent valve flaps of the first star-shaped material valve (3); an air channel (6) is arranged on the screw shaft (5) of the spiral feeding mechanism, all outlets of the air channel (6) are located directly above the discharge hole (4), and all outlets of the air channel (6) together form a ring structure, and the inlet of the air channel (6) is externally connected to a compressed air source; All outlet apertures of the air channel (6) are larger than the diameter of the sand particles; all outlets of the air channel (6) are located in the thread groove of the screw shaft (5); a second star-shaped material valve (7) is provided on the sand supply pipe (2) and below the first star-shaped material valve (3); the second star-shaped material valve (7) is driven by a second servo motor.

3. The high temperature and high speed erosion test equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that: The sandblasting gun (70) comprises a gun barrel, a nozzle (47) is arranged at the lower end of the gun barrel, the nozzle (47) comprises a contraction portion (73), a throat portion (74), a flat extension portion (75) and a corrugated portion (76) which are arranged in sequence and integrally formed, the inner cavity of the corrugated portion (76) is in a corrugated structure, the bottom of the inner cavity of the corrugated portion (76) is oriented in the same direction as the inner cavity of the flat extension portion (75), the gun barrel (70) is installed in a tube seat, the corrugated portion (76) is in a rectangular structure as a whole, and the inner cavity of the joint of the nozzle (47) comprises a second contraction portion (77), a second throat portion (78) and a second extension portion (79) which are arranged in sequence.

4. The high temperature and high speed erosion test equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that: The temperature control system comprises a sand supply pipe (2) connected to a high-pressure gas source device, wherein the high-pressure gas source device supplies gas for driving the sand particles to move at high speed to the inner cavity of the sand supply pipe (2), wherein the sand supply pipe (2) comprises an upper straight pipe section (20), a middle inclined pipe section (21) and a lower straight pipe section assembly (22) which are connected in sequence, wherein the upper straight pipe section (20) and the lower straight pipe section assembly (22) are arranged vertically, the middle inclined pipe section (21) is arranged obliquely, the lower end of the upper straight pipe section (20) is lower than the upper end of the lower straight pipe section assembly (22), and the middle inclined pipe section (21) is arranged obliquely. The upper inclined pipe section (21) is in a spiral structure, the middle inclined pipe section (21) is arranged in a first induction coil or a heating module of the induction heating system, the lower end of the middle inclined pipe section (21) is connected to a medium-pressure gas source device, and the lower straight pipe section assembly (22) is connected to a high-pressure gas source device; the end section of the lower straight pipe section assembly (22) adopts a Laval tube structure; a lifter (13) is arranged below the lower straight pipe section assembly (22), the top end of the telescopic rod of the lifter (13) is fixedly connected to a shell (14), and a The heating tube (15) has an inner cavity capable of accommodating a workpiece (16) and a fixture (17) thereof, wherein the fixture (17) is connected to the lower end of the lower straight pipe section assembly (22); the angle between the center line of the middle oblique pipe section (21) and the center line of the lower straight pipe section assembly (22) is 40 to 60 degrees; the lower straight pipe section assembly (22) is a part of the gun barrel, and the end section of the lower straight pipe section assembly (22) includes a tapered adjustment section (40), a reduced diameter section (41), a throat section (42) and an expansion section (43) connected in sequence. The expansion section (43) is connected to a nozzle (47) at the lower end of the expansion section (43); the diameter of the lower end of the conical adjustment section (40) is larger than the diameter of the upper end of the conical adjustment section (40); a bucket-shaped component (45) with a chamber is provided on the lower straight pipe section component (22); the upper part of the chamber of the bucket-shaped component (45) is cylindrical, the lower part of the chamber is funnel-shaped, and a second induction coil (46) is sleeved on the outer periphery of the lower part of the chamber; and the connection part (26) between the high-pressure gas source equipment and the lower straight pipe section component (22) is located at the top of the bucket-shaped component (45).

5. The high temperature and high speed erosion test equipment according to claim 4, characterized in that: The clamp (17) is rotatably connected to the clamp bracket (18), and the rotation range of the clamp (17) is 15 to 90 degrees.

6. The high temperature and high speed erosion test equipment according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that: The testing device comprises a detection mechanism capable of being laterally moved to the position directly below the nozzle (47), the detection mechanism comprising a box (57), a strip slit (59) being arranged on the top surface of the box (57), the outer end of the strip slit (59) being flush with the side end surface of the box (57), a flexible material (60) being arranged in the strip slit (59), a plurality of strip-shaped flexible materials (60) being embedded in the narrowest part of the strip slit (59), when the flexible material (60) is impacted by the erosion fluid from the nozzle, the flexible material (60) and particles in the erosion fluid enter the inner cavity of the box (57) together; the strip slit (59) is thick at the upper and lower parts and thin at the middle part, the middle part of the strip slit (59) is used for embedding the flexible material (60), and the width of the middle part of the strip slit (59) is just equal to the width of the flexible material (60); the flexible material (60) is made of colored clay; the box (57) A rectangular box is used; the box (57) is mounted on a movable seat of a screw translation mechanism, and the screw translation mechanism is driven by a servo motor; when the screw translation mechanism is in operation, the strip slit (59) on the box (57) is always perpendicular to the axis of the vertically arranged nozzle; an electronic weighing module is arranged on the movable seat, and the electronic weighing module is used to weigh the box (57) and its accessories; a first force sensor (44) is arranged on one end of the box (57) close to the strip slit (59), and a second force sensor (55) is arranged on the other end of the box (57) close to the strip slit (59); the force sensor, the servo motor of the screw translation mechanism, the erosion device, and the electronic weighing module are respectively connected to a control system; a program that can be run on a processor is stored in a memory of the control system, and the following steps / functions are implemented when the processor executes the program: S01, controlling the operation of the erosion equipment so that the nozzle sprays the erosion fluid according to preset parameters; S02, controlling the servo motor of the lead screw translation mechanism to operate so that the lead screw translation mechanism drives the box (57) to translate at a preset speed; S03, reading the initial weight G0 of the box (57) and its accessories fed back by the electronic weighing module; S04, when the first force sensor (44) senses the impact force of the erosion fluid, it feeds back force value information and records this time as the erosion start time t0; S05, when the second force sensor (55) senses the impact force of the erosion fluid, feedback force value information, and this time is recorded as the erosion termination time t1; S06, reading the final weight G1 of the box (57) and its accessories fed back by the electronic weighing module; S07, calculating and outputting the erosion particle feed speed according to the following formula (1); K=(G1- G0) / (t1-t0)…………(1) Where K represents the erosion particle feed rate per unit time; The box body (57) further comprises a second chamber and a third chamber, the second chamber and the third chamber are separated by a partition (58), a third force sensor (56) is fixedly arranged in the second chamber, and a fourth force sensor (48) is fixedly arranged in the third chamber, the force sensor adopts a flat plate force sensor, the third force sensor (56) and the fourth force sensor (48) are arranged side by side, and their sensing surfaces have a height difference H, and the height difference H is 10-20 cm; the sensing surface of the third force sensor (56) can face the nozzle 1 (52) of the erosion device, and the sensing surface of the fourth force sensor (48) can face the nozzle 2 (49) of the erosion device, the specifications of the nozzle 1 (52) and the nozzle 2 (49) are the same, and the two are arranged at the same height position; the third force sensor (56) and the fourth force sensor (48) are both connected to the control system, and the processor of the control system also implements the following steps / functions when executing the program: S11, controlling the servo motor of the lead screw translation mechanism to operate so that the lead screw translation mechanism drives the box (57) to continue to translate at a preset speed, during which the third force sensor (56) and the fourth force sensor (48) move forward synchronously; S12, when the third force sensor (56) senses the moment of impact force of the erosion fluid, this moment is recorded as erosion moment node one T1; S13, when the fourth force sensor (48) senses the moment of impact force of the erosion fluid, this moment is recorded as erosion moment node 2 T2; S14, calculating and outputting the erosion fluid velocity according to the following formula (2); M=H / (T1–T2)…………(2) Where M represents the erosion fluid velocity.

7. The high temperature and high speed erosion test equipment according to claim 6, characterized in that: The detection mechanism is mounted on a cantilever frame (52), and the cantilever frame (52) is mounted on a linear track (51). The cantilever frame (52) and the detection mechanism can be translated along the linear track (51) to between the nozzle (47) and the sample fixture. The cantilever frame (52) and the detection mechanism can also be moved along the linear track (51) to outside the frame (51).

8. The high temperature and high speed erosion test equipment according to claim 7, characterized in that: The clamp (17) is a height-adjustable clamp.

9. The high temperature and high speed erosion test equipment according to claim 7 or 8, characterized in that: The width of the inner cavity gap of the corrugated portion (76) is 2 mm.

10. The high temperature and high speed erosion test equipment according to claim 7 or 8, characterized in that: A funnel-shaped guard plate is arranged on the periphery of the sample fixture, and the lower end of the funnel-shaped guard plate is located at the top edge of the inner cavity of the heating cylinder (15).

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