Surface discharge surface charge high-precision measurement method, system, equipment and medium

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of electrical performance research of insulating materials, and relates to a creeping discharge surface charge high-precision measurement method, system and equipment and a medium. According to the method, basic data are provided for subsequent analysis by obtaining the creeping discharge path image, the potential scanning result and the dust diagram distribution characteristic of the insulating material; performing inversion calculation on a potential scanning result according to the shape of the insulating material in combination with a corresponding inversion algorithm to obtain a surface charge distribution characteristic; according to the surface discharge path image, the surface charge distribution characteristic and the dust diagram distribution characteristic, the characteristics of the stream-pilot channel in the surface discharge process are obtained, the charge distribution and space distribution characteristics of the high-precision stream-pilot discharge channel of the stream can be obtained, and the charge density in the stream-pilot channel can be quantitatively distinguished. In addition, the microcosmic physical process in the discharge process can be obtained more finely, and the microcosmic physical process comprises reverse discharge, charge neutralization in a plasma channel and an electron collapse generation process around a streamer channel.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of research on the electrical properties of insulating materials, and relates to a method, system, equipment and medium for high-precision measurement of surface charge along a surface discharge. Background Art

[0002] Polymer materials are widely used in electrical and electronic equipment due to their excellent electrical insulation, chemical and mechanical properties. However, in electrical and electronic equipment, due to the influence of processing factors, there are inevitably some local high field strength areas at the contact position between the electrode and the polymer material medium, which are easy to cause surface discharge, and even further develop into surface flashover, causing equipment failure. In spacecraft applications, polymer materials will accumulate a large amount of charge on the surface when exposed to high-energy particle radiation, and form a potential difference of several thousand volts on the insulating surface, causing surface discharge. In severe cases, it will lead to the failure of insulation properties and cause equipment failure, and even serious accidents will cause huge economic losses. In DC gas-insulated equipment, due to the long-term action of a unipolar electric field, the charged particles in the gas and the carriers in the insulating material are gradually transferred to the gas-solid interface under the action of the electric field, resulting in significant interfacial charge accumulation on the surface of the key insulator in the DC gas-insulated equipment, causing gas-solid interface electric field distortion, which is easy to induce insulator surface flashover, seriously affecting the safe and stable operation of DC gas-insulated equipment. Therefore, in-depth research on the surface discharge performance of insulating materials is of great significance to improving the operating reliability of electrical equipment and the design optimization of polymer insulating materials.

[0003] Early studies on surface discharge phenomena mainly used electrical measurement diagnostic methods, using the voltage and current characteristics of the surface discharge of insulating materials to study the discharge phenomenon, influencing factors and mechanisms. Although optical diagnostic methods are gradually being used to study from the charge level, such as the Lichtenberg diagram method, the photographic film method, and the Pockels effect method, there are often problems with low resolution, or only the morphological characteristics of the discharge channel can be obtained. It is impossible to accurately measure the streamer-leader process, reverse discharge process, electron avalanche development, charge density in the streamer channel, and other information during the surface discharge process.

[0004] In summary, the existing research methods of discharge phenomena cannot accurately obtain the charge distribution and spatial distribution characteristics of the streamer-leader discharge channel on the surface of insulating materials. Summary of the invention

[0005] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a high-precision measurement method, system, equipment and medium for surface discharge surface charge, so as to solve the technical problem that the prior art cannot accurately obtain the charge distribution and spatial distribution characteristics of the streamer-leader discharge channel on the surface of the insulating material. The present invention can obtain the charge distribution and spatial distribution characteristics of the streamer-leader discharge channel with high precision.

[0006] In order to achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions: In a first aspect, the present invention provides a method for high-precision measurement of surface charge of surface discharge, comprising the following steps: Obtain surface discharge path images, potential scanning results and dust distribution characteristics of insulating materials; According to the shape of the insulating material and the corresponding inversion algorithm, the potential scanning results are inverted and calculated to obtain the surface charge distribution characteristics; The streamer-leader channel characteristics during the surface discharge process are obtained based on the surface discharge path image, surface charge distribution characteristics and dust map distribution characteristics.

[0007] In a second aspect, the present invention provides a high-precision surface charge measurement system for surface discharge, comprising: Information acquisition module: used to obtain the surface discharge path image, potential scanning results and dust distribution characteristics of the insulating material; Inversion module: used to perform inversion calculation on the potential scanning results according to the shape of the insulating material and the corresponding inversion algorithm to obtain the surface charge distribution characteristics; Result acquisition module: used to obtain the streamer-leader channel characteristics in the surface discharge process according to the surface discharge path image, surface charge distribution characteristics and dust map distribution characteristics.

[0008] In a third aspect, the present invention provides an electronic device, comprising: a processor; a memory for storing computer program instructions; and steps for implementing a method for high-precision measurement of surface charge along a surface discharge when executing the computer program.

[0009] In a fourth aspect, the present invention provides a storage medium storing computer program instructions. When the computer program instructions are loaded and executed by a processor, the processor executes a high-precision measurement method for surface charge of surface discharge.

[0010] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: 1. The method of the present invention provides basic data for subsequent analysis by obtaining the surface discharge path image, potential scanning results and dust map distribution characteristics of the insulating material; the potential scanning results are inverted and calculated according to the shape of the insulating material combined with the corresponding inversion algorithm to obtain high-precision surface charge distribution characteristics; the streamer-leader channel characteristics in the surface discharge process are obtained according to the surface discharge path image, surface charge distribution characteristics and dust map distribution characteristics, and the charge distribution and spatial distribution characteristics of the high-precision streamer-leader discharge channel of the streamer can be obtained, and the charge density inside the streamer leader channel can be quantitatively distinguished. In addition, the microscopic physical processes in the discharge process can be obtained more precisely, including reverse discharge, charge neutralization in the plasma channel, and electron avalanche around the streamer channel.

[0011] 2. The system of the present invention includes: an information acquisition module, an inversion module and a result acquisition module; the information acquisition module is used to obtain the surface discharge path image, potential scanning results and dust map distribution characteristics of the insulating material; the inversion module is used to perform inversion calculation on the potential scanning results according to the shape of the insulating material in combination with the corresponding inversion algorithm to obtain the surface charge distribution characteristics; the result acquisition module is used to obtain the streamer-leader channel characteristics in the surface discharge process according to the surface discharge path image, surface charge distribution characteristics and dust map distribution characteristics. The various modules cooperate with each other to obtain the charge distribution and spatial distribution characteristics of the high-precision streamer-leader discharge channel.

[0012] 3. The electronic device and storage medium of the present invention can also obtain the charge distribution and spatial distribution characteristics of the high-precision streamer-leader discharge channel. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0013] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of a high-precision insulator surface charge simulation method according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 A schematic diagram of a surface discharge test platform provided by an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 3 A schematic diagram of a two-dimensional surface charge measurement platform provided in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 4 The optical image, potential distribution, charge distribution and dust map of the surface discharge of the insulating material provided by the embodiment of the present invention; wherein, Figure 4 a is the optical discharge image; Figure 4 b is the potential distribution diagram; Figure 4 c is the surface charge distribution diagram; Figure 4 d is a high-precision morphology distribution map; Figure 5 is a flow chart of the method of the present invention; Figure 6 It is a system module diagram of the present invention.

[0014] Among them, 1. Experimental cavity; 2. Lightning impulse voltage source; 3. Voltage divider; 4. Oscilloscope; 5. Computer; 6. Digital delay / pulse generator; 7. Enhanced weak signal detector; 8. Y-axis translation stage; 9. Z-axis translation stage; 10. Rotary slide; 11. Sample holder; 12. Two-position translation slide; 13. Rotary slide; 14. Electrostatic probe; 15. Electrometer; 16. Pre-charge electrode holder. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0015] In order to enable those skilled in the art to better understand the scheme of the present invention, the technical scheme in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work should fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0016] It should be noted that the terms "first", "second", etc. in the specification and claims of the present invention and the above-mentioned drawings are used to distinguish similar objects, and are not necessarily used to describe a specific order or sequence. It should be understood that the data used in this way can be interchanged where appropriate, so that the embodiments of the present invention described herein can be implemented in an order other than those illustrated or described herein. In addition, the terms "including" and "having" and any variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusions, for example, a process, method, system, product or device that includes a series of steps or units is not necessarily limited to those steps or units that are clearly listed, but may include other steps or units that are not clearly listed or inherent to these processes, methods, products or devices.

[0017] The present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings: See also Figure 5 The present invention discloses a method for measuring surface charge of surface discharge with high precision, comprising the following steps: Obtain the surface discharge path image, potential scanning results and dust distribution characteristics of the insulating material to provide basic data for subsequent analysis; According to the shape of the insulating material and the corresponding inversion algorithm, the potential scanning results are inverted and calculated to obtain the surface charge distribution characteristics; According to the surface discharge path image, surface charge distribution characteristics and dust map distribution characteristics, the streamer-leader channel characteristics in the surface discharge process can be obtained. The charge distribution and spatial distribution characteristics of the streamer-leader discharge channel with high precision can be obtained, and the charge density inside the streamer leader channel can be quantitatively distinguished. In addition, the microscopic physical processes in the discharge process can be obtained more precisely, including reverse discharge, charge neutralization in the plasma channel, and electron avalanche around the streamer channel.

[0018] Embodiment 1: See also Figure 5 This embodiment discloses a method for high-precision measurement of surface charge of surface discharge, comprising the following steps: S1, obtain the surface discharge path image, potential scanning results and dust distribution characteristics of the insulating material; Preferably, the surface discharge path image is obtained through the following process: A surface discharge experiment is carried out according to the surface discharge experimental platform and a camera is used to photograph the self-luminous surface discharge path to obtain an image of the surface discharge path; The atmosphere of the surface discharge experiment includes vacuum atmosphere and gas atmosphere.

[0019] See also Figure 2 , which is a schematic diagram of a surface discharge test platform of the present invention, comprising: an experimental chamber 1, a lightning impulse voltage source 2, a voltage divider 3, an oscilloscope 4, a computer 5, a digital delay / pulse generator 6, an enhanced weak signal detector 7 and a preset charge electrode holder 16, etc., wherein a Y-axis translation stage, a Z-axis translation stage, a rotary slide and a sample holder are arranged in the experimental chamber 1, and the device is a conventional surface discharge test platform experimental device in the art, and will not be described in detail.

[0020] Preferably, the potential scanning result is obtained by the following process: According to the multi-dimensional surface potential scanning platform, the surface potential of the insulating material is scanned as a whole using an electrostatic probe method to obtain the surface potential scanning result.

[0021] See also Figure 3 , which is a schematic diagram of a two-dimensional surface charge measurement platform of the present invention, comprising: a two-dimensional displacement slide 12, a rotary slide 13, an electrostatic probe 14, an electrometer 15 and a computer 5. The device is a conventional surface discharge test platform experimental device in the art, and will not be described in detail.

[0022] Preferably, the electrostatic probe method is used to scan the surface potential of the insulating material as a whole, specifically as follows: The principle of electric field compensation is adopted to make the potential of the electrostatic probe gradually approach the potential of the surface of the insulating material being measured until the two are equal. An electrostatic probe is used to scan the overall surface potential of the insulating material.

[0023] Preferably, the dust map distribution characteristics are obtained through the following process: The dust map method is used to obtain high-precision surface discharge morphology distribution characteristics and obtain dust map distribution characteristics; The dust map method includes positive polarity dust and negative polarity dust.

[0024] S2, inverse calculation of the potential scanning result is performed according to the shape of the insulating material combined with the corresponding inversion algorithm to obtain the surface charge distribution characteristics; Preferably, the potential scanning result is inverted and calculated according to the shape of the insulating material in combination with a corresponding inversion algorithm to obtain the surface charge distribution characteristics, which are specifically as follows: Obtain the matrix formula of the surface potential and surface charge of the insulating material according to the potential scanning results; If the insulating material is a non-flat and cylindrical translation change system, the surface charge distribution characteristics are obtained by combining the Wiener filter in the digital image restoration technology and the matrix formula inversion of the surface potential and surface charge; The surface charge distribution characteristics are as follows:

[0025] in, is the surface charge distribution characteristic, Transpose the matrix for the transfer function; is the transfer function matrix; is the regularization parameter; is the identity matrix; is the potential distribution matrix; is the transfer function matrix after filtering.

[0026] If the insulating material is a flat or cylindrical translation-invariant system, a two-dimensional Fourier transform is performed on the matrix formula of the surface potential and the surface charge to obtain the frequency domain form of the surface charge, and then the Wiener filter in the digital image restoration technology and the frequency domain form of the surface charge are combined for inversion, and the inversion process is filtered to obtain preliminary surface charge distribution characteristics, and the preliminary surface charge distribution characteristics are subjected to a two-dimensional inverse Fourier transform to obtain the surface charge distribution characteristics; The specific characteristics of surface charge distribution in the frequency domain are as follows:

[0027] in, yes The conjugate matrix of ; is the filter coefficient, whose value is equal to the ratio of the noise power spectrum to the signal power spectrum; and is the plane coordinate; is the frequency domain charge distribution of the material; is the transfer function; is the surface potential of the insulating material in the frequency domain.

[0028] Then Perform a two-dimensional inverse Fourier transform to obtain the surface charge distribution characteristics.

[0029] S3, the streamer-leader channel characteristics in the surface discharge process are obtained according to the surface discharge path image, surface charge distribution characteristics and dust map distribution characteristics.

[0030] Embodiment 2: See also Figure 1 This embodiment discloses a method for high-precision measurement of surface charge of surface discharge, comprising the following steps: Step 1: Build a surface discharge experimental platform, conduct a surface discharge experiment, and use a camera to shoot the self-luminous surface discharge path to obtain an image of the surface discharge path; Preferably, the surface discharge experimental atmosphere includes vacuum and gas atmosphere.

[0031] Step 2: Build a multi-dimensional surface potential scanning platform, use the electrostatic probe method to scan the surface potential of the insulating material as a whole, and obtain the surface potential scanning results; Preferably, the electrostatic probe method adopts the principle of electric field compensation, and the potential of the probe gradually approaches the potential of the surface of the insulating material being measured until the two are equal, without affecting the charge distribution characteristics of the surface of the insulating material.

[0032] Step 3: According to the shape of the insulating material selected for the surface discharge, different inversion algorithms are used to perform inversion calculations on the scanned surface potential scanning results to obtain the surface charge distribution characteristics; Preferably, the shape classifications of the insulating materials include two types: one is a translation-changing system of non-flat insulating materials, and the response of the system is independent of the position where the excitation is applied to the system; the other is a flat or cylindrical translation-invariant system, and the response of the system is related to the position where the excitation is applied to the system.

[0033] Furthermore, for the translation change system: For the entire plane is divided into There are finite units, and the potential and surface charge matrix functions are as follows:

[0034] in, is the transfer function matrix from charge density to potential; is the number of finite elements; For the At a measuring point; point The contribution of the unit charge density at to the output potential of the probe; The value range is 1 to A positive integer of ; Values ​​range from 1 to A positive integer of ; For the The charge density at each measurement point; The Wiener filter in digital image restoration technology is used to improve the charge inversion calculation process and reduce the impact of disturbances in the measurement process on the calculation results. Based on the Wiener filter and Tikhonov regularization principle, the image information contaminated by stationary noise is extracted.

[0035] Estimated solution for surface charge density It is expressed as:

[0036] in, is the estimated solution of the surface charge density, that is, the surface charge distribution characteristics, Transpose the matrix for the transfer function; is the transfer function matrix; is the regularization parameter; is the identity matrix; is the potential distribution matrix; is the transfer function matrix after filtering; Among them, the matrix Select times the unit matrix, that is , is called the regularization parameter.

[0037] Among them, the regularization parameter Follow the steps below to obtain: by is the horizontal axis, || || is used as the ordinate to draw a scatter plot, and a curve similar to L is obtained after fitting. Select the point with the largest curvature on the L curve. The value is taken as the required regularization parameter; Furthermore, for the translation-invariant system: Performing a two-dimensional Fourier transform on the surface potential and surface charge matrix function and converting them into the frequency domain yields the following:

[0038] in, is the surface potential of the insulating material; is the transfer function; is the frequency domain form of the surface charge; and are plane coordinates.

[0039] The inversion is performed according to the frequency domain form of the surface charge, and the inversion process is filtered. The Wiener filtering method commonly used in digital image processing is still applied to filter the calculation of the surface charge density in the frequency domain. The charge density estimated after the Wiener filter is It can be expressed as:

[0040] in, yes The conjugate matrix of ; is the filter coefficient, whose value is equal to the ratio of the noise power spectrum to the signal power spectrum; and is the plane coordinate; is the frequency domain charge distribution of the material; is the transfer function; is the surface potential of the insulating material in the frequency domain; for By performing a two-dimensional inverse Fourier transform, the surface charge density in the spatial domain, that is, the surface charge distribution characteristics, can be obtained.

[0041] Step 4: After the surface potential scan is completed, the dust map method is used to obtain high-precision surface discharge morphology distribution characteristics to obtain the dust map distribution characteristics; Preferably, the dust mapping method described in step 4 includes positive polarity dust and negative polarity dust.

[0042] Step 5: Compare the measured surface discharge path image, surface charge distribution characteristics, and dust map distribution characteristics, and compare and analyze to obtain the streamer-leader channel characteristics during the surface discharge process.

[0043] Embodiment three: Combination Figure 2 and Figure 3 This embodiment provides a high-precision measurement method for surface charge of surface discharge, which is applied to the measurement of needle-plate surface discharge current injection charge of flat-plate insulators under 0.1MPa air.

[0044] Step 1: Build the needle-plate surface discharge current injection measurement platform and the two-dimensional surface charge scanning platform as shown in Figure 2 He Ru Figure 3 As shown in the figure, the experimental sample selected is PVC with a size of 100 mm×100 mm and a thickness of 2 mm. The surface discharge test is carried out in 0.1 MPa air. The applied voltage is a positive polarity lightning impulse voltage (1.2 / 50 μs) with an amplitude of +28 kV. ICCD is used to shoot the streamer channel in the discharge. The optical discharge image is obtained as shown in the figure. Figure 4 As shown in a.

[0045] Step 2: Use the electrostatic probe method to scan the two-dimensional potential distribution of the insulating material. The scanning range is 80mm×80mm and the scanning step length is 0.25mm. The potential distribution diagram is as follows: Figure 4 As shown in b. Since the two-dimensional flat electrode structure is a translation-invariant system, the following steps are used to obtain the transfer matrix of the surface charge.

[0046] The surface potential and surface charge transfer matrix function can be transformed into the frequency domain by performing a two-dimensional Fourier transform:

[0047] in, is the surface potential of the insulating material; is the transfer function; is the frequency domain form of the surface charge.

[0048] The inversion process is filtered. The Wiener filtering method commonly used in digital image processing is still applied to filter the calculation of surface charge density in the frequency domain. The charge density estimated after passing through the Wiener filter is It can be expressed as:

[0049] in, yes The conjugate matrix of is the filter coefficient, whose value is equal to the ratio of the noise power spectrum to the signal power spectrum.

[0050] for By performing a two-dimensional inverse Fourier transform, the surface charge density in the spatial domain, that is, the surface charge distribution characteristics, can be obtained.

[0051] The surface charge distribution obtained by inverse calculation is as follows Figure 4 As shown in c.

[0052] After the charge inversion is completed, the dust map method is used to obtain the high-precision morphology distribution during the discharge process, and the printer toner is used for purging. The results are as follows Figure 4 As shown in d.

[0053] contrast Figure 4 From the discharge images, potential distribution, charge distribution and dust diagram in the image, it can be seen that under the positive lightning impulse voltage of 0.1MPa in air, the surface discharge of the insulating material is mainly streamer discharge, and there is no streamer-leader conversion process. In addition, it can be seen that there is an obvious reverse discharge channel at the needle tip after the discharge.

[0054] In summary, the beneficial effects of the present invention are: Compared with the existing single study of the spatial morphology of the surface discharge current injection, the present invention can obtain the charge distribution and spatial distribution characteristics of the high-precision streamer-leader discharge channel of the streamer by comparing the light signal, charge signal and dust map signal of the discharge current injection in the surface discharge path image, potential scanning results and dust map distribution characteristics, and quantitatively distinguish the charge density inside the streamer leader channel. In addition, the microscopic physical process in the discharge process can be obtained more finely, including reverse discharge, charge neutralization in the plasma channel, and the electron avalanche process around the streamer channel, providing a reference for the microscopic performance research of the surface discharge characteristics.

[0055] Based on the above method, the present invention also discloses a high-precision measurement system for surface discharge surface charge, see Figure 6 ,include: Information acquisition module: used to obtain the surface discharge path image, potential scanning results and dust distribution characteristics of the insulating material; Inversion module: used to perform inversion calculation on the potential scanning results according to the shape of the insulating material and the corresponding inversion algorithm to obtain the surface charge distribution characteristics; Result acquisition module: used to obtain the streamer-leader channel characteristics in the surface discharge process according to the surface discharge path image, surface charge distribution characteristics and dust map distribution characteristics.

[0056] The modules of the system of the present invention cooperate with each other to obtain the charge distribution and spatial distribution characteristics of the high-precision streamer-leader discharge channel.

[0057] An electronic device comprises: a processor; a memory for storing computer program instructions; and steps for implementing a high-precision measurement method for surface charge of surface discharge when executing the computer program.

[0058] A storage medium stores computer program instructions. When the computer program instructions are loaded and run by a processor, the processor executes a high-precision measurement method for surface charge of surface discharge.

[0059] It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that embodiments of the present invention may be provided as methods, systems, or computer program products. Therefore, the present invention may take the form of a complete hardware embodiment, a complete software embodiment, or an embodiment combining software and hardware. Furthermore, the present invention may take the form of a computer program product implemented on one or more computer-usable storage media (including but not limited to disk storage, CD-ROM, optical storage, etc.) containing computer-usable program code.

[0060] The present invention is described with reference to flowcharts and / or block diagrams of methods, devices (systems), and computer program products according to embodiments of the present invention. It should be understood that each process and / or block in the flowchart and / or block diagram, as well as the combination of processes and / or blocks in the flowchart and / or block diagram, can be implemented by computer program instructions. These computer program instructions can be provided to a processor of a general-purpose computer, a special-purpose computer, an embedded processor, or other programmable data processing device to produce a machine, so that the instructions executed by the processor of the computer or other programmable data processing device generate instructions for implementing the processes in the flowchart and / or block diagram. Figure 1 A process or multiple processes and / or boxes Figure 1 A device that provides the functions specified in a block or multiple blocks.

[0061] These computer program instructions may also be stored in a computer-readable memory capable of directing a computer or other programmable data processing device to operate in a specific manner, so that the instructions stored in the computer-readable memory produce an article of manufacture comprising an instruction device, which implements the process Figure 1 A process or multiple processes and / or boxes Figure 1 A function specified in one or more boxes.

[0062] These computer program instructions can also be loaded onto a computer or other programmable data processing device so that a series of operating steps are executed on the computer or other programmable device to produce a computer-implemented process, thereby providing instructions for implementing the process. Figure 1 A process or multiple processes and / or boxes Figure 1 The steps for the functions specified in one or more boxes.

[0063] The above contents are only for explaining the technical idea of ​​the present invention and cannot be used to limit the protection scope of the present invention. Any changes made on the basis of the technical solution in accordance with the technical idea proposed by the present invention shall fall within the protection scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A high-precision measurement method for surface charge of surface discharge, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Obtain surface discharge path images, potential scanning results and dust distribution characteristics of insulating materials; According to the shape of the insulating material and the corresponding inversion algorithm, the potential scanning results are inverted and calculated to obtain the surface charge distribution characteristics; The streamer-leader channel characteristics during the surface discharge process are obtained based on the surface discharge path image, surface charge distribution characteristics and dust map distribution characteristics.

2. The method for high-precision measurement of surface charge of surface discharge according to claim 1, characterized in that: The surface discharge path image is obtained through the following process: A surface discharge experiment is carried out according to the surface discharge experimental platform and a camera is used to photograph the self-luminous surface discharge path to obtain an image of the surface discharge path; The atmosphere of the surface discharge experiment includes vacuum atmosphere and gas atmosphere.

3. The method for high-precision measurement of surface charge of surface discharge according to claim 1, characterized in that: The potential scanning result is obtained through the following process: According to the multi-dimensional surface potential scanning platform, the surface potential of the insulating material is scanned as a whole using an electrostatic probe method to obtain the surface potential scanning result.

4. The method for high-precision measurement of surface charge of surface discharge according to claim 1, characterized in that: The dust map distribution characteristics are obtained through the following process: The dust map method is used to obtain high-precision surface discharge morphology distribution characteristics and obtain dust map distribution characteristics; The dust map method includes positive polarity dust and negative polarity dust.

5. The method for high-precision measurement of surface charge of surface discharge according to claim 1, characterized in that: The potential scanning result is inverted and calculated according to the shape of the insulating material in combination with the corresponding inversion algorithm to obtain the surface charge distribution characteristics, which are as follows: Obtain the matrix formula of the surface potential and surface charge of the insulating material according to the potential scanning results; If the insulating material is a non-flat and cylindrical translation change system, the surface charge distribution characteristics are obtained by combining the Wiener filter in the digital image restoration technology and the matrix formula inversion of the surface potential and surface charge; If the insulating material is a flat or cylindrical translation-invariant system, the matrix formula of the surface potential and the surface charge is subjected to a two-dimensional Fourier transform to obtain the frequency domain form of the surface charge. The Wiener filter in the digital image restoration technology and the frequency domain form of the surface charge are then inverted, and the inversion process is filtered to obtain preliminary surface charge distribution characteristics. The preliminary surface charge distribution characteristics are subjected to a two-dimensional inverse Fourier transform to obtain the surface charge distribution characteristics.

6. The method for high-precision measurement of surface charge of surface discharge according to claim 5, characterized in that: If the insulating material is a non-flat and cylindrical translational change system, the surface charge distribution characteristics are as follows: in, is the surface charge distribution characteristic, Transpose the matrix for the transfer function; is the transfer function matrix; is the regularization parameter; is the identity matrix; is the potential distribution matrix; is the transfer function matrix after filtering.

7. The method for high-precision measurement of surface charge of surface discharge according to claim 5, characterized in that: If the insulating material is a flat or cylindrical translationally invariant system, the preliminary surface charge distribution characteristics are as follows: in, yes The conjugate matrix of ; is the filter coefficient, whose value is equal to the ratio of the noise power spectrum to the signal power spectrum; and is the plane coordinate; is the frequency domain charge distribution of the material; is the transfer function; is the surface potential of the insulating material in the frequency domain.

8. A high-precision surface charge measurement system for surface discharge, characterized in that: include: Information acquisition module: used to obtain the surface discharge path image, potential scanning results and dust distribution characteristics of the insulating material; Inversion module: used to perform inversion calculation on the potential scanning results according to the shape of the insulating material and the corresponding inversion algorithm to obtain the surface charge distribution characteristics; Result acquisition module: used to obtain the streamer-leader channel characteristics in the surface discharge process according to the surface discharge path image, surface charge distribution characteristics and dust map distribution characteristics.

9. An electronic device, comprising: Processor; memory, electronic device used to store computer program instructions; characterized in that it is used to implement the steps of the high-precision measurement method for surface charge of surface discharge as described in any one of claims 1-7 when executing the computer program.

10. A storage medium storing computer program instructions, characterized in that: When the computer program instructions are loaded and executed by the processor, the processor executes the method for high-precision measurement of surface charge of surface discharge according to any one of claims 1 to 7.

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