Water conservancy environment risk early warning analysis system and method based on big data

Abstract

The invention discloses a water conservancy environment risk early warning analysis system and method based on big data. The system comprises a water conservancy environment information acquisition module, a risk index weight determination module, a water conservancy environment risk analysis module and an early warning module. The early warning analysis method comprises the steps of obtaining water conservancy environment information; performing weight determination on the water conservancy environment risk indexes of the water conservancy environment risk index set based on an analytic hierarchy process to obtain the weight of the water conservancy environment attribute risk index, the weight of the water conservancy environment ecological risk index and the weight of the water conservancy environment health risk index; and performing early warning on the water conservancy environment based on the water conservancy environment attribute risk value, the water conservancy environment ecological risk value and the water conservancy environment public health risk value. The visual decision support system provided by the invention helps a decision maker to visually understand the situation of a water conservancy environment and formulate a scientific and reasonable emergency response strategy, and assists the decision maker to quickly formulate emergency response measures by simulating emergency response schemes in different risk scenes and evaluating the feasibility and effectiveness of the schemes.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to a water conservancy environmental risk early warning analysis system and method, and in particular to a water conservancy environmental risk early warning analysis system and method based on big data. Background Art

[0002] In the water conservancy environment, risk warning involves various data types, including but not limited to hydrological data, meteorological data, geospatial data, environmental monitoring data, etc. With the rapid development of big data technology, its application in various fields is becoming more and more extensive, bringing new opportunities for water conservancy environmental risk warning. These data usually have the characteristics of wide temporal and spatial distribution, large data volume, and complex data types.

[0003] Traditional data processing and analysis methods are often unable to effectively respond to these challenges, resulting in greater uncertainty and errors in early warning results. Traditional water conservancy environmental risk early warnings mainly rely on limited historical data and empirical judgments, which are difficult to fully and accurately reflect the actual risk situation. Summary of the invention

[0004] Purpose of the invention: The purpose of the invention is to provide a water conservancy environmental risk early warning analysis system and method based on big data, which can comprehensively and accurately reflect the actual risk situation.

[0005] Technical solution: The present invention includes a water conservancy environment information acquisition module, a risk indicator weight determination module, a water conservancy environment risk analysis module and an early warning module; wherein the water conservancy environment information acquisition module is used to acquire water conservancy environment information; the risk indicator weight determination module is used to construct a water conservancy environment risk indicator set based on the water conservancy environment information, and to determine the weights of the water conservancy environment risk indicators of the water conservancy environment risk indicator set based on the hierarchical analysis method, so as to obtain the weights of the water conservancy environment attribute risk indicators, the weights of the water conservancy environment ecological risk indicators and the weights of the water conservancy environment health risk indicators; the water conservancy environment risk analysis module is used to calculate the water conservancy environment attribute risk value based on the weights of the water conservancy environment attribute risk indicators and the water conservancy environment attribute information, to calculate the water conservancy environment ecological risk value based on the weights of the water conservancy environment ecological risk indicators and the aquatic species information, and to calculate the water conservancy environment public health risk value based on the weights of the water conservancy environment health risk indicators and the water quality information; the early warning module is used to warn the water conservancy environment based on the water conservancy environment attribute risk value, the water conservancy environment ecological risk value and the water conservancy environment public health risk value and generate risk prevention measures.

[0006] The water conservancy environment risk indicator set is constructed based on the water conservancy environment information, and the weights of the water conservancy environment risk indicators in the water conservancy environment risk indicator set are determined based on the hierarchical analysis method, specifically including:

[0007] Establish a hierarchical model with a step-by-step structure;

[0008] Construct a judgment matrix: determine the number of relevant influencing factors at each level m, and construct a set of risk factors for water conservancy environmental risk indicators in, is a subset of water conservancy environment attribute risk indicators, It is a subset of water environment ecological risk indicators. For the subset of water conservancy environmental health risk indicators, two subsets in the same level are taken from the set U for comparison, M is used to represent the importance ratio, and the corresponding importance is assigned according to the preset ratio, and the importance of each layer is combined to form a judgment matrix;

[0009] Calculate the maximum eigenvalue γ of the judgment matrix:

[0010]

[0011] Among them, v αβ It is the matrix obtained by normalizing each column vector of the judgment matrix. The values ​​of α and β are 1, 2...m, w α is the matrix v αβ The elements of are added row by row to obtain the vector and then normalized into a matrix, w β is the matrix v αβ Add the elements of column by column to obtain the vector and then normalize the matrix;

[0012] Consistency test of judgment matrix:

[0013] When there is only one non-zero eigenvalue of the judgment matrix, it means that the matrix is ​​completely consistent. If there is more than one eigenvalue of the judgment matrix, the consistency index CI is used for judgment:

[0014]

[0015] Among them, k represents the order of the judgment matrix;

[0016] Will and The CI value obtained by comparison is recorded as the weight of the water environment ecological risk index. and The CI value obtained by comparison is recorded as the weight of the water environment health risk index. and The CI value obtained by comparison is recorded as the weight of the water environment attribute risk index.

[0017] The layers include target layer, criterion layer and measure layer.

[0018] The water conservancy environment attribute risk value is calculated based on the weight of the water conservancy environment attribute risk index and the water conservancy environment attribute information, and specifically includes the following process:

[0019] Based on the water environment attribute information, the water function zoning type to which the water environment belongs is obtained;

[0020] Based on the water function zoning level to which the water conservancy environment belongs, obtain the basic value of water environment risk during the construction period, the basic value of water environment risk during the operation period and the basic value of water environment risk for the project's unique functions;

[0021] The basic risk value of water environment in the construction period, the basic risk value of water environment in the operation period and the basic risk value of water environment of the project's unique functions are accumulated to obtain the basic risk value and value. The product of the basic risk value and value and the weight of the water environment attribute risk index is recorded as the water environment attribute risk value.

[0022] The water conservancy environment ecological risk value is calculated based on the weight of the water conservancy environment ecological risk index and the aquatic species information, and specifically includes the following process:

[0023] Based on the information of aquatic species, the number of plankton species is obtained, the minimum number of plankton species that should be in the water conservancy environment in the water conservancy environment ecological risk index is obtained, and the proportion of the number of plankton species to the minimum number of plankton species that should be in the water conservancy environment is calculated.

[0024] Based on the information of aquatic species, the number of benthic species is obtained, the minimum number of benthic species in the water conservancy environment should be obtained in the water conservancy environment ecological risk index, and the ratio of the number of benthic species to the minimum number of benthic species should be calculated.

[0025] Based on the information of aquatic species, the total number of amphibians and mammals is obtained, the minimum total number of amphibians and mammals that should be included in the water environment ecological risk index is obtained, and the proportion C of the total number of amphibians and mammals to the minimum total number of amphibians and mammals that should be included in the water environment is calculated;

[0026] Based on the information of aquatic species, the number of endangered species reduced by D is obtained;

[0027] Substitute the proportion A, proportion B, proportion C and the number of species reduced in critically ill species D into the water conservancy environment ecological risk index calculation formula to obtain the water conservancy environment ecological risk index, which is as follows:

[0028]

[0029] Among them, STZ represents the ecological risk value of the water environment, k1, k2, k3, and k4 are weight coefficients, and k1>k2>k3, Af is the minimum number of plankton species that the water environment should have, As is the minimum number of benthic species that the water environment should have, and Ad is the minimum total number of amphibians and mammals that the water environment should have;

[0030] The product of the weight of the water environment ecological risk indicator and the water environment ecological risk index is recorded as the water environment ecological risk value.

[0031] The water conservancy environment public health risk value is calculated based on the weight of the water conservancy environment health risk index and water quality information, and specifically includes the following process:

[0032] Based on the water quality information, the types and contents of heavy metals in the water quality sampling data are obtained, and compared with the water environment health risk index, the number of heavy metal types E that do not meet the public health water quality requirements and the total content of heavy metals Ae that exceeds the standard content of public health water quality requirements are obtained;

[0033] The public health risk value of the water environment is obtained by multiplying the weight of the water environment health risk index, the number of heavy metal types E that do not meet the public health water quality requirements, and the total content Ae of heavy metals that exceed the standard content of public health water quality requirements.

[0034] The early warning of the water environment based on the water environment attribute risk value, the water environment ecological risk value and the water environment public health risk value specifically includes:

[0035] Substitute the water conservancy environment attribute risk value, water conservancy environment ecological risk value and water conservancy environment public health risk value into the water conservancy environment comprehensive risk value calculation formula to obtain the water conservancy environment comprehensive risk value, which is as follows:

[0036]

[0037] Among them, ZRX is the comprehensive risk value of water environment, SL is the attribute risk value of water environment, ST is the ecological risk value of water environment, JK is the public health risk value of water environment, and δ, θ, and ρ are proportional coefficients respectively;

[0038] Load the comprehensive water environment risk value threshold and determine whether the comprehensive water environment risk value exceeds the comprehensive water environment risk value threshold. If so, generate an early warning signal.

[0039] The risk prevention measures include: generating measures to prevent water pollution according to the water function zoning type; generating measures to prevent flooding; generating preventive measures against the impact of discharged water on downstream agriculture and the reproduction and growth of aquatic organisms; generating preventive measures against the slowdown of water flow in the reservoir area caused by water conservancy projects, which will cause the precipitation of persistent heavy metal pollutants and cause excessive pollutants in the reservoir sediment.

[0040] A water conservancy environmental risk early warning analysis method based on big data, comprising the following steps:

[0041] Obtain water conservancy and environmental information;

[0042] Based on water conservancy environmental information, a water conservancy environmental risk index set is constructed, and the weights of the water conservancy environmental risk indexes in the water conservancy environmental risk index set are determined based on the hierarchical analysis method, and the weights of the water conservancy environmental attribute risk index, the water conservancy environmental ecological risk index and the water conservancy environmental health risk index are obtained;

[0043] The water conservancy environment attribute risk value is calculated based on the weight of the water conservancy environment attribute risk index and the water conservancy environment attribute information; the water conservancy environment ecological risk value is calculated based on the weight of the water conservancy environment ecological risk index and the aquatic species information; the water conservancy environment public health risk value is calculated based on the weight of the water conservancy environment health risk index and the water quality information;

[0044] Early warning of the water environment is provided based on the water environment attribute risk value, water environment ecological risk value and water environment public health risk value.

[0045] The water environment information includes water environment attribute information, water quality information and aquatic species information.

[0046] Beneficial effects: The present invention has the following advantages:

[0047] (1) Through big data analysis, the system of the present invention can deeply mine massive, multi-source data resources, reveal hidden risk factors, and thus improve the accuracy of water conservancy environmental risk warning;

[0048] (2) The present invention can provide a visual decision support system to help decision makers intuitively understand the water environment situation and formulate scientific and reasonable emergency response strategies. By simulating emergency response plans under different risk scenarios and evaluating the feasibility and effectiveness of the plans, the system can assist decision makers in quickly formulating emergency response measures.

[0049] (3) The present invention determines the weights of the water conservancy environmental risk indicators in the water conservancy environmental risk indicator set based on the hierarchical analysis method, and obtains the weights of the water conservancy environmental attribute risk indicators, the weights of the water conservancy environmental ecological risk indicators and the weights of the water conservancy environmental health risk indicators. It can quantify the water conservancy environmental risk factors and improve the accuracy of water conservancy environmental risk prediction. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0050] Figure 1 It is a system block diagram of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0051] The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

[0052] like Figure 1 As shown, the water conservancy environment risk early warning analysis system based on big data of the present invention includes a water conservancy environment information acquisition module, a risk indicator weight determination module, a water conservancy environment risk analysis module and an early warning module.

[0053] The water conservancy environment information acquisition module is used to acquire water conservancy environment information, wherein the water conservancy environment information includes water conservancy environment attribute information, water quality information and aquatic species information.

[0054] The risk indicator weight determination module is used to construct a water conservancy environment risk indicator set based on water conservancy environment information, and to determine the weights of the water conservancy environment risk indicators of the water conservancy environment risk indicator set based on the hierarchical analysis method, so as to obtain the weights of the water conservancy environment attribute risk indicators, the weights of the water conservancy environment ecological risk indicators and the weights of the water conservancy environment health risk indicators; specifically, it includes the following processes:

[0055] (1) Establish a hierarchical model with a hierarchical structure, where the levels include the goal level, the criterion level, and the measure level;

[0056] (2) Constructing a judgment matrix: Determine the number of relevant influencing factors at each level m, and construct a set of risk factors for water conservancy environmental risk indicators. in, is a subset of water conservancy environment attribute risk indicators, It is a subset of water environment ecological risk indicators. For the subset of water conservancy environmental health risk indicators, two subsets in the same level are taken from the set U for comparison, M is used to represent the importance ratio, and the corresponding importance is assigned according to the preset ratio, and the importance of each layer is combined to form a judgment matrix;

[0057] (3) Calculate the maximum eigenvalue γ of the judgment matrix:

[0058]

[0059] Among them, v αβ It is the matrix obtained by normalizing each column vector of the judgment matrix. The values ​​of α and β are 1, 2...m, w α is the matrix v αβ The elements of are added row by row to obtain the vector and then normalized into a matrix, w β is the matrix v αβ Add the elements of column by column to obtain the vector and then normalize the matrix;

[0060] (4) Consistency test of judgment matrix:

[0061] When there is only one non-zero eigenvalue of the judgment matrix, it means that the matrix is ​​completely consistent. If there is more than one eigenvalue of the judgment matrix, the consistency index CI is used for judgment:

[0062]

[0063] Among them, k represents the order of the judgment matrix. The smaller the CI value, the better the consistency, and vice versa.

[0064] Will and The CI value obtained by comparison is recorded as the weight of the water environment ecological risk index. and The CI value obtained by comparison is recorded as the weight of the water environment health risk index. and The CI value obtained by comparison is recorded as the weight of the water environment attribute risk index.

[0065] The water conservancy environmental risk analysis module is used to calculate the water conservancy environmental attribute risk value based on the weight of the water conservancy environmental attribute risk index and the water conservancy environmental attribute information, calculate the water conservancy environmental ecological risk value based on the weight of the water conservancy environmental ecological risk index and the aquatic species information, and calculate the water conservancy environmental public health risk value based on the weight of the water conservancy environmental health risk index and the water quality information;

[0066] Among them, the water conservancy environment attribute risk value is calculated based on the weight of the water conservancy environment attribute risk index and the water conservancy environment attribute information, which specifically includes the following processes:

[0067] (1) Based on the water environment attribute information, the water function zoning type to which the water environment belongs is obtained, where the first-level zoning type includes water source protection area, buffer zone, development and utilization area, and reserved area; the second-level zoning type includes drinking water source area, industrial water area, agricultural water area, fishery water area, landscape and recreation water area, transition area, and sewage control area;

[0068] (2) Based on the water function zoning level to which the water conservancy environment belongs, the water environment risk base value during the construction period, the water environment risk base value during the operation period, and the water environment risk base value of the project's unique functions are obtained. The water environment risk base value during the construction period, the water environment risk base value during the operation period, and the water environment risk base value of the project's unique functions are set by the system, and different zoning types correspond to different risk base values;

[0069] (3) The basic water environment risk value during the construction period, the basic water environment risk value during the operation period and the basic water environment risk value of the project’s unique functions are added together to obtain the basic risk value and value. The product of the basic risk value and value and the weight of the water environment attribute risk index is recorded as the water environment attribute risk value.

[0070] The water conservancy environment ecological risk value is calculated based on the weights of the water conservancy environment ecological risk indicators and the information of aquatic species, which specifically includes the following processes:

[0071] (1) Based on the information of aquatic species, the number of plankton species is obtained, the minimum number of plankton species that should be in the water conservancy environment in the water conservancy environment ecological risk index is obtained, and the ratio of the number of plankton species to the minimum number of plankton species that should be in the water conservancy environment is calculated.

[0072] (2) Based on the information of aquatic species, the number of benthic species is obtained, the minimum number of benthic species in the water conservancy environment is obtained, and the ratio of the number of benthic species to the minimum number of benthic species is calculated.

[0073] (3) Based on the information on aquatic species, the total number of amphibians and mammals is obtained, the minimum total number of amphibians and mammals that should be included in the water environment ecological risk index is obtained, and the ratio C of the total number of amphibians and mammals to the minimum total number of amphibians and mammals that should be included in the water environment is calculated;

[0074] (4) Obtain the number of reduced species of endangered species D based on aquatic species information;

[0075] (5) Substitute the proportion A, proportion B, proportion C and the number of species reduced in critically ill species D into the water conservancy environment ecological risk index calculation formula to obtain the water conservancy environment ecological risk index, which is as follows:

[0076]

[0077] Among them, STZ represents the ecological risk value of the water environment, k1, k2, k3, and k4 are weight coefficients set by the system, and k1>k2>k3, Af is the minimum number of plankton species that the water environment should have, As is the minimum number of benthic species that the water environment should have, Ad is the minimum number of total amphibians and mammals that the water environment should have, and the value of e is 2.72;

[0078] (6) The product of the weight of the water environment ecological risk indicator and the water environment ecological risk index is recorded as the water environment ecological risk value.

[0079] The water environment public health risk value is calculated based on the weights of the water environment health risk indicators and water quality information, which specifically includes the following processes:

[0080] (1) Based on water quality information, the types and contents of heavy metals in water quality sampling data are obtained, and compared with water environment health risk indicators, the number of heavy metal types E that do not meet the public health water quality requirements and the total content of heavy metals Ae that exceed the standard content of public health water quality requirements are obtained;

[0081] (2) The weight of the water environment health risk index, the number of heavy metal types E that do not meet the public health water quality requirements, and the total content of heavy metals Ae that exceed the standard content of public health water quality requirements are multiplied to obtain the water environment public health risk value.

[0082] The early warning module is used to warn the water environment and generate risk prevention measures based on the water environment attribute risk value, water environment ecological risk value and water environment public health risk value. It specifically includes the following processes:

[0083] (1) Substitute the water conservancy environment attribute risk value, water conservancy environment ecological risk value and water conservancy environment public health risk value into the water conservancy environment comprehensive risk value calculation formula to obtain the water conservancy environment comprehensive risk value, which is as follows:

[0084]

[0085] Among them, ZRX is the comprehensive risk value of water environment, SL is the attribute risk value of water environment, ST is the ecological risk value of water environment, JK is the public health risk value of water environment, δ, θ, ρ are proportional coefficients, which are set by the system;

[0086] (2) Loading the comprehensive risk value threshold of the water conservancy environment, wherein the comprehensive risk value threshold of the water conservancy environment is stored in the system, and judging whether the comprehensive risk value of the water conservancy environment exceeds the comprehensive risk value threshold of the water conservancy environment. If so, generating a warning signal; otherwise, not generating a warning signal.

[0087] Water environment risk prevention measures include: generating measures to prevent water pollution based on water function zoning types; generating measures to prevent flooding; generating preventive measures against the impact of discharged water on downstream agriculture and the reproduction and growth of aquatic organisms; generating preventive measures against water conservancy projects that slow down the flow of water in the reservoir area, which will cause the precipitation of persistent heavy metal pollutants and cause pollutants in the reservoir sediment to exceed the standard.

[0088] The present invention provides a water conservancy environmental risk early warning analysis method based on big data, comprising the following steps:

[0089] S1. Acquire water environment information, wherein the water environment information includes water environment attribute information, water quality information and aquatic species information;

[0090] S2. Construct a water conservancy environmental risk indicator set based on water conservancy environmental information, and determine the weights of the water conservancy environmental risk indicators of the water conservancy environmental risk indicator set based on the analytic hierarchy process to obtain the weights of the water conservancy environmental attribute risk indicators, the weights of the water conservancy environmental ecological risk indicators, and the weights of the water conservancy environmental health risk indicators;

[0091] S3. The water environment attribute risk value is calculated based on the weight of the water environment attribute risk index and the water environment attribute information; the water environment ecological risk value is calculated based on the weight of the water environment ecological risk index and the aquatic species information; the water environment public health risk value is calculated based on the weight of the water environment health risk index and the water quality information;

[0092] S4. Provide early warning for the water environment based on the water environment attribute risk value, water environment ecological risk value and water environment public health risk value.

Claims

1. A water conservancy environmental risk early warning analysis system based on big data, characterized in that: It includes a water conservancy environment information acquisition module, a risk indicator weight determination module, a water conservancy environment risk analysis module and an early warning module; wherein the water conservancy environment information acquisition module is used to obtain water conservancy environment information; the risk indicator weight determination module is used to construct a water conservancy environment risk indicator set based on water conservancy environment information, and to determine the weights of the water conservancy environment risk indicators of the water conservancy environment risk indicator set based on the hierarchical analysis method, so as to obtain the weights of the water conservancy environment attribute risk indicators, the weights of the water conservancy environment ecological risk indicators and the weights of the water conservancy environment health risk indicators; the water conservancy environment risk analysis module is used to calculate the water conservancy environment attribute risk value based on the weights of the water conservancy environment attribute risk indicators and the water conservancy environment attribute information, to calculate the water conservancy environment ecological risk value based on the weights of the water conservancy environment ecological risk indicators and the information of aquatic species, and to calculate the water conservancy environment public health risk value based on the weights of the water conservancy environment health risk indicators and water quality information; the early warning module is used to give early warning to the water conservancy environment based on the water conservancy environment attribute risk value, the water conservancy environment ecological risk value and the water conservancy environment public health risk value and generate risk prevention measures.

2. According to the big data-based water conservancy environmental risk early warning analysis system of claim 1, it is characterized in that: The water conservancy environment risk indicator set is constructed based on the water conservancy environment information, and the weights of the water conservancy environment risk indicators in the water conservancy environment risk indicator set are determined based on the hierarchical analysis method, specifically including: Establish a hierarchical model with a step-by-step structure; Construct a judgment matrix: determine the number of relevant influencing factors m at each level, construct a set of dangerous factors U of water conservancy environmental risk indicators, in, is a subset of water conservancy environment attribute risk indicators, It is a subset of water environment ecological risk indicators. For the subset of water conservancy environmental health risk indicators, two subsets in the same level are taken from the set U for comparison, M is used to represent the importance ratio, and the corresponding importance is assigned according to the preset ratio, and the importance of each layer is combined to form a judgment matrix; Calculate the maximum eigenvalue γ of the judgment matrix: Among them, v αβ It is a matrix obtained by normalizing each column vector of the judgment matrix. The values ​​of α and β are 1, 2...m, w α is the matrix v αβ The elements of are added row by row to obtain the vector and then normalized into a matrix, w β is the matrix v αβ Add the elements of column by column to obtain the vector and then normalize the matrix; Consistency test of judgment matrix: When there is only one non-zero eigenvalue of the judgment matrix, it means that the matrix is ​​completely consistent. If there is more than one eigenvalue of the judgment matrix, the consistency index CI is used for judgment: Among them, k represents the order of the judgment matrix; Will and The CI value obtained by comparison is recorded as the weight of the water environment ecological risk index. and The CI value obtained by comparison is recorded as the weight of the water environment health risk index. and The CI value obtained by comparison is recorded as the weight of the water environment attribute risk index.

3. According to the big data-based water conservancy environmental risk early warning analysis system of claim 2, it is characterized in that: The layers include target layer, criterion layer and measure layer.

4. The water conservancy environmental risk early warning analysis system based on big data according to claim 2 is characterized in that: The water conservancy environment attribute risk value is calculated based on the weight of the water conservancy environment attribute risk index and the water conservancy environment attribute information. The process includes: Based on the water environment attribute information, the water function zoning type to which the water environment belongs is obtained; Based on the water function zoning level to which the water conservancy environment belongs, obtain the basic value of water environment risk during the construction period, the basic value of water environment risk during the operation period and the basic value of water environment risk for the project's unique functions; The basic risk value of water environment in the construction period, the basic risk value of water environment in the operation period and the basic risk value of water environment of the project's unique functions are accumulated to obtain the basic risk value and value. The product of the basic risk value and value and the weight of the water environment attribute risk index is recorded as the water environment attribute risk value.

5. The water conservancy environmental risk early warning analysis system based on big data according to claim 4 is characterized in that: The water conservancy environment ecological risk value is calculated based on the weight of the water conservancy environment ecological risk index and the aquatic species information. The process includes: Based on the information of aquatic species, the number of plankton species is obtained, the minimum number of plankton species that should be in the water conservancy environment in the water conservancy environment ecological risk index is obtained, and the proportion of the number of plankton species to the minimum number of plankton species that should be in the water conservancy environment is calculated. Based on the information of aquatic species, the number of benthic species is obtained, the minimum number of benthic species in the water conservancy environment should be obtained in the water conservancy environment ecological risk index, and the ratio of the number of benthic species to the minimum number of benthic species should be calculated. Based on the information of aquatic species, the total number of amphibians and mammals is obtained, the minimum total number of amphibians and mammals that should be included in the water environment ecological risk index is obtained, and the proportion C of the total number of amphibians and mammals to the minimum total number of amphibians and mammals that should be included in the water environment is calculated; Based on the information of aquatic species, the number of endangered species reduced by D is obtained; Substitute the proportion A, proportion B, proportion C and the number of species reduced in critically ill species D into the water conservancy environment ecological risk index calculation formula to obtain the water conservancy environment ecological risk index, which is as follows: Among them, STZ represents the ecological risk value of the water environment, k1, k2, k3, and k4 are weight coefficients, and k1>k2>k3, Af is the minimum number of plankton species that the water environment should have, As is the minimum number of benthic species that the water environment should have, and Ad is the minimum total number of amphibians and mammals that the water environment should have; The product of the weight of the water environment ecological risk indicator and the water environment ecological risk index is recorded as the water environment ecological risk value.

6. The water conservancy environmental risk early warning analysis system based on big data according to claim 5 is characterized in that: The water conservancy environment public health risk value is calculated based on the weight of the water conservancy environment health risk index and water quality information, and specifically includes the following process: Based on the water quality information, the types and contents of heavy metals in the water quality sampling data are obtained, and compared with the water environment health risk index, the number of heavy metal types E that do not meet the public health water quality requirements and the total content of heavy metals Ae that exceeds the standard content of public health water quality requirements are obtained; The public health risk value of the water environment is obtained by multiplying the weight of the water environment health risk index, the number of heavy metal types E that do not meet the public health water quality requirements, and the total content Ae of heavy metals that exceed the standard content of public health water quality requirements.

7. The water conservancy environmental risk early warning analysis system based on big data according to claim 6 is characterized in that: The early warning of the water environment based on the water environment attribute risk value, the water environment ecological risk value and the water environment public health risk value specifically includes: Substitute the water conservancy environment attribute risk value, water conservancy environment ecological risk value and water conservancy environment public health risk value into the water conservancy environment comprehensive risk value calculation formula to obtain the water conservancy environment comprehensive risk value, which is as follows: Among them, ZRX is the comprehensive risk value of water environment, SL is the attribute risk value of water environment, ST is the ecological risk value of water environment, JK is the public health risk value of water environment, and δ, θ, and ρ are proportional coefficients respectively; Load the comprehensive water environment risk value threshold and determine whether the comprehensive water environment risk value exceeds the comprehensive water environment risk value threshold. If so, generate an early warning signal.

8. The water conservancy environmental risk early warning analysis system based on big data according to claim 7 is characterized in that: The risk prevention measures include: generating measures to prevent water pollution according to the water function zoning type; generating measures to prevent flooding; generating preventive measures against the impact of discharged water on downstream agriculture and the reproduction and growth of aquatic organisms; generating preventive measures against the slowdown of water flow in the reservoir area caused by water conservancy projects, which will cause the precipitation of persistent heavy metal pollutants and cause excessive pollutants in the reservoir sediment.

9. A water conservancy environmental risk early warning analysis method based on big data, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Obtain water conservancy and environmental information; Based on water conservancy environmental information, a water conservancy environmental risk index set is constructed, and the weights of the water conservancy environmental risk indexes in the water conservancy environmental risk index set are determined based on the hierarchical analysis method, and the weights of the water conservancy environmental attribute risk index, the water conservancy environmental ecological risk index and the water conservancy environmental health risk index are obtained; The water conservancy environment attribute risk value is calculated based on the weight of the water conservancy environment attribute risk index and the water conservancy environment attribute information; the water conservancy environment ecological risk value is calculated based on the weight of the water conservancy environment ecological risk index and the aquatic species information; the water conservancy environment public health risk value is calculated based on the weight of the water conservancy environment health risk index and the water quality information; Early warning of the water environment is provided based on the water environment attribute risk value, water environment ecological risk value and water environment public health risk value.

10. The water conservancy environmental risk early warning analysis method based on big data according to claim 9 is characterized in that: The water environment information includes water environment attribute information, water quality information and aquatic species information.

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