GIS-based storm surge disaster risk rapid assessment method

Abstract

The invention provides a GIS-based storm surge disaster risk rapid assessment method, which comprises the steps of obtaining range information of a risk assessment region, and converting the range information into surface element data; acquiring real-time data information of the risk assessment area according to the surface element data, performing assignment, acquiring disaster grade information and a land use classification and vulnerability grade table of the risk assessment area, and acquiring disaster information according to the land use classification and vulnerability grade table and the real-time data information; constructing a disaster risk identification matrix according to the disaster information to perform risk assessment, and obtaining risk level information of the disaster risk identification matrix; and drawing a risk level distribution diagram of the risk assessment area range according to the risk level information. According to the embodiment of the invention, by constructing the storm surge disaster assessment index system, the data volume required for constructing the model is reduced, the operation difficulty and cost are low, and the precision of the model verification result is high.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of disaster risk assessment, and in particular to a method for rapid assessment of storm surge disaster risk based on GIS. Background Art

[0002] In the existing technology, the storm surge disaster risk assessment method needs to couple typhoon paths of different intensities, and construct a large-scale and refined storm surge numerical model and floodplain model that meets the assessment needs based on the typhoon paths. At the same time, the model is required to have the ability to reasonably consider physical processes such as storm surge overtopping, storm surge-nearshore wave coupling mechanism, and wave breaking and climbing, which makes model construction difficult and has large errors. Summary of the invention

[0003] The present invention aims to solve at least one of the technical problems existing in the prior art. To this end, the present invention proposes a GIS-based storm surge disaster risk rapid assessment method, which can reduce the difficulty of model construction and reduce the assessment error of storm surge disasters.

[0004] In a first aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides a method for rapid assessment of storm surge disaster risk based on GIS, comprising:

[0005] Obtaining range information of the risk assessment area, and converting the range information into surface element data;

[0006] Acquire real-time data information of the risk assessment area according to the surface element data, assign values ​​to the real-time data information, and acquire disaster level information of the risk assessment area;

[0007] Obtaining a land use classification and vulnerability level table, and obtaining disaster vulnerability information of the risk assessment area according to the land use classification and vulnerability level table and the real-time data information;

[0008] Constructing a disaster risk identification matrix according to the disaster level information and the disaster vulnerability information;

[0009] Performing risk assessment on the risk assessment area according to the storm surge disaster hazard information, the storm surge disaster vulnerability information and the disaster risk identification matrix, and obtaining risk level information of the disaster risk identification matrix;

[0010] A risk level distribution map of the risk assessment area is drawn according to the risk level information.

[0011] In some embodiments of the present invention, converting the range information into surface feature data includes:

[0012] Creating a fishnet tool, and evaluating a template range of the fishnet tool according to the surface feature data;

[0013] Obtain the pixel width and height of the surface element data, and create a surface element type fishnet according to the pixel width and the height;

[0014] The elevation information of the range information is obtained, and the elevation information is converted into DEM data in t if format according to the surface element type fishnet.

[0015] According to some embodiments of the present invention, acquiring real-time data information of the risk assessment area according to the surface element data includes:

[0016] Acquire first distance information and second distance information between the coastal zone and the risk assessment area, wherein the first distance information is the distance between the coastal zone and the risk assessment area, and the second distance information is the buffer distance between the coastal zone and the risk assessment area;

[0017] constructing a multi-ring buffer zone according to the first distance information and the second distance information, and dividing the risk assessment area into five types of areas according to different distances of the multi-ring buffer zone;

[0018] A first field is added to the surface feature data after passing through the multi-ring buffer, a value assignment operation is performed on the five types of areas according to the first field, and the surface feature data after the value assignment is rewritten into the first field.

[0019] According to some embodiments of the present invention, constructing a disaster risk identification matrix according to the disaster level information and the disaster vulnerability information includes:

[0020] Acquire the levee age information within the assessment range, and divide the surface element data into a plurality of levee age areas according to the levee age information;

[0021] Adding a second field to the area element data divided into a plurality of levee age areas, and assigning values ​​to the plurality of levee areas according to the second field;

[0022] The assigned value of the second field is rewritten into the second field.

[0023] According to some embodiments of the present invention, the method of constructing a disaster risk identification matrix according to the disaster level information and the disaster vulnerability information further includes:

[0024] Acquiring elevation information of the risk assessment area, and reclassifying the risk assessment area into a plurality of elevation areas according to the elevation information;

[0025] Assigning values ​​to each of the plurality of elevation areas, and performing a raster file vectorization operation on the elevation areas after the assignment and the reclassification;

[0026] According to the elevation area after the vectorization operation on the raster file, the third field of the elevation area is obtained.

[0027] According to some embodiments of the present invention, obtaining risk level information of the disaster risk identification matrix includes:

[0028] Obtaining elevation information, distance information from the coast and embankment standard information of the risk assessment area;

[0029] Intersecting the elevation information, the distance information from the coast and the levee standard information to obtain storm surge hazard information of the surface element data;

[0030] Adding the storm surge hazard information to a fourth field, and obtaining field attribute information of the fourth field;

[0031] Based on the field attribute information, the storm surge hazard information is classified by a natural discontinuity classification method to obtain the minimum level, the middle level and the maximum level of the storm surge hazard information;

[0032] The minimum level, the middle level and the maximum level of the storm surge hazard information are respectively assigned as a low hazard area, a medium hazard area and a high hazard area according to the field attribute information.

[0033] According to some embodiments of the present invention, the performing disaster risk assessment on the risk assessment area according to the storm surge hazard information, the storm surge disaster vulnerability information and the identification matrix table includes:

[0034] Intersecting the storm surge hazard information and the storm surge disaster vulnerability information to obtain disaster risk information of the risk assessment area;

[0035] Acquire the fifth field, and acquire the disaster risk level information of the risk assessment area according to the fifth field and the discrimination rule preset in the identification matrix table, wherein the fifth field is a text type field;

[0036] The disaster risk level information is assigned to the fifth field.

[0037] The GIS-based rapid storm surge disaster risk assessment method according to the embodiment of the present invention has at least the following beneficial effects:

[0038] Obtain the scope information of the risk assessment area, and convert the scope information into surface element data; obtain the real-time data information of the risk assessment area according to the surface element data, assign values ​​to the real-time data information, and obtain the disaster level information of the risk assessment area; obtain the land use classification and vulnerability level table, and obtain the disaster vulnerability information of the risk assessment area according to the land use classification and vulnerability level table and the real-time data information; construct a disaster risk identification matrix according to the disaster level information and the disaster vulnerability information; conduct risk assessment on the risk assessment area according to the storm surge disaster hazard information, the storm surge disaster vulnerability information and the disaster risk identification matrix, and obtain the risk level information of the disaster risk identification matrix; draw a risk level distribution map of the risk assessment area according to the risk level information. According to the embodiment of the present invention, by constructing a storm surge disaster assessment index system, and completing the whole process of disaster risk assessment and risk area mapping, the amount of data required for building a model is reduced, the operation difficulty and cost are low, and the accuracy of the model verification result is high. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0039] Figure 1 is a flow chart of a method for rapid assessment of storm surge disaster risk based on GIS provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0040] Figure 2 It is a flow chart of converting range information into surface feature data using ArcGIS software provided by one embodiment of the present invention;

[0041] Figure 3 is a flow chart of rewriting first face element information into a first field provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0042] Figure 4 is a flow chart of rewriting the second field into the second field provided by one embodiment of the present invention;

[0043] Figure 5 is a flowchart of obtaining a third field provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0044] Figure 6 is a flow chart of obtaining storm surge hazard information according to a first field, a second field and a third field provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0045] Figure 7 The present invention is a flowchart of ArcGIS software providing an embodiment of the present invention for conducting disaster risk assessment on a risk assessment area based on storm surge hazard information, storm surge disaster vulnerability information and an identification matrix table. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0046] Embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below, examples of which are shown in the accompanying drawings, wherein the same or similar reference numerals throughout represent the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar functions. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are exemplary and are only used to explain the present invention, and cannot be understood as limiting the present invention.

[0047] In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that descriptions involving orientations, such as up, down, front, back, left, right, etc., and orientations or positional relationships indicated are based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be understood as a limitation on the present invention.

[0048] In the description of the present invention, "several" means one or more, "more" means more than two, "greater than", "less than", "exceed" etc. are understood as not including the number itself, and "above", "below", "within" etc. are understood as including the number itself. If there is a description of "first" or "second", it is only used for the purpose of distinguishing the technical features, and cannot be understood as indicating or implying the relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of the indicated technical features or implicitly indicating the order of the indicated technical features.

[0049] In the description of the present invention, unless otherwise clearly defined, terms such as setting, installing, connecting, etc. should be understood in a broad sense, and technicians in the relevant technical field can reasonably determine the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention based on the specific content of the technical solution.

[0050] The embodiment of the present invention provides a method for rapid assessment of storm surge disaster risk based on GIS, comprising obtaining range information of a risk assessment area and entering the range information into ArcGIS software, wherein the ArcGIS software converts the range information into first surface element data, wherein the ArcGIS software is provided with an identification matrix table; obtaining elevation data, fishing net information, distance information from the coastline, and levee standard information of the risk assessment area according to the surface element data and the range information, and assigning values ​​to the elevation data, fishing net information, and distance information from the coastline; and converting the assigned fishing net information, elevation information, distance information from the coastline, and levee standard information into a first surface element data. The first field, the second field and the third field are used to obtain storm surge hazard information according to the first field, the second field and the third field; the land classification data and vulnerability level information of the risk assessment area are obtained, and the ArcGIS software converts the land classification data into the second surface element data, and obtains the storm surge disaster vulnerability information according to the second surface element data and the vulnerability level information; the ArcGIS software conducts disaster risk assessment on the risk assessment area according to the storm surge hazard information, the storm surge disaster vulnerability information and the identification matrix table, and obtains the risk level information of the risk assessment area; the ArcGIS software draws the risk level distribution map of the risk assessment area according to the risk level information. According to an embodiment of the present invention, a storm surge disaster assessment index system is constructed by selecting the distance information from the coastline, the levee standard and the elevation information, and the entire process of disaster risk assessment and risk area mapping is completed according to the obtained coastline distance information, the levee standard and the elevation information according to the ArcGIS software, thereby reducing the amount of data required for building the model, and the operation difficulty is low, the cost is low, and the accuracy of the model verification result is high.

[0051] The control method of the embodiment of the present invention is further described below based on the accompanying drawings.

[0052] Reference Figure 1 , Figure 1 A flowchart of a method for rapid assessment of storm surge disaster risk based on GIS provided in an embodiment of the present invention, the method for rapid assessment of storm surge disaster risk based on GIS includes but is not limited to the following steps:

[0053] Step S11, obtaining range information of the risk assessment area, and converting the range information into surface element data;

[0054] It should be noted that ArcGIS software is used to convert the scope information of the storm surge risk assessment area into first surface feature data in shp format, and the first surface feature data is named "assessment scope.shp". The scope information is converted into first surface feature data through ArcGIS software, and spatial analysis and visualization are performed in ArcGIS software so that relevant personnel can intuitively display the geographical characteristics and related attributes of the risk assessment area. ArcGIS software can analyze the scope information of the risk assessment area through the first surface feature data. For example, ArcGIS software can calculate indicators such as the area, perimeter and density of the risk assessment area through the first surface feature data, and perform buffer analysis, disk analysis and proximity analysis, etc.

[0055] Step S12, obtaining real-time data information of the risk assessment area according to the surface element data, assigning values ​​to the real-time data information, and obtaining disaster level information of the risk assessment area;

[0056] It should be noted that the elevation data, fishing net information, distance information from the coastline and levee standard information come from different data sets, and the data types and formats are also different. By assigning values ​​to the above data, the elevation data, fishing net information, distance information from the coastline and levee standard information are unified into the same data format to facilitate subsequent data analysis and integration by ArcGIS software, so that ArcGIS software can further obtain the geographical features, resource distribution and spatial relationships in the risk assessment area, thereby improving the accuracy and credibility of the data.

[0057] Step S13, obtaining a land use classification and vulnerability level table, and obtaining disaster vulnerability information of the risk assessment area according to the land use classification and vulnerability level table and real-time data information;

[0058] It should be noted that the storm surge hazard information is obtained by converting the assigned fishing net information, elevation information, distance from the coastline and levee standard information into the first field, the second field and the third field, so that the ArcGIS software can establish a hazard assessment model based on the hazard information, and the spatial analysis, statistical analysis and interpolation analysis of the risk assessment area are performed in the ArcGIS software through the first field, the second field and the third field to determine the impact range, depth and frequency of the storm surge.

[0059] Step S14, constructing a disaster risk identification matrix according to the disaster level information and the disaster vulnerability information;

[0060] It should be noted that ArcGIS software converts the land use classification data of the risk assessment area into the second surface feature data in shp format. Through the second surface feature data and storm surge disaster vulnerability information, the degree of storm surge disaster vulnerability within the risk area can be assessed.

[0061] Step S15, performing risk assessment on the risk assessment area according to the storm surge disaster hazard information, the storm surge disaster vulnerability information and the disaster risk identification matrix, and obtaining risk level information of the disaster risk identification matrix;

[0062] It should be noted that the intersection tool of the ArcGIS platform is used to intersect Storm Surge Hazard.shp and Storm Surge Vulnerability.shp, and the output element is named "Storm Surge Disaster Risk.shp". A text field named "Risk Level" is added to Storm Surge Disaster Risk.shp. According to the discrimination rules in the "Storm Surge Disaster Risk Identification Matrix", the disaster risk level is assigned to the risk level field of Storm Surge Disaster Risk.shp.

[0063] By conducting disaster risk assessment in the risk assessment area based on storm surge hazard information, storm surge disaster vulnerability information and identification matrix, more comprehensive and accurate risk assessment results can be obtained, potential disaster risk areas can be identified, and risk registration information can be associated with geospatial data. Risk level information can be associated with geospatial data through ArcGIS software to provide visual risk assessment results. In addition, ArcGIS software can improve the efficiency and reliability of risk assessment and risk analysis.

[0064] Step S16, drawing a risk level distribution map of the risk assessment area according to the risk level information;

[0065] It should be noted that ArcGIS software is used to perform classification mapping based on the storm surge level information and the attribute values ​​of the first field, the second field, the third field, the fourth field and the fifth field, so as to draw a risk level distribution map of storm surge disasters.

[0066] It should be noted that, according to an embodiment of the present invention, a storm surge disaster assessment index system is constructed by selecting distance information from the coastline, levee standards and elevation information, and the entire process of disaster risk assessment and risk area mapping is completed according to the acquired coastline distance information, levee standards and elevation information using ArcGIS software, thereby reducing the amount of data required to build the model, and the operation difficulty is low, the cost is low, and the accuracy of the model verification results is high.

[0067] In addition, in one embodiment, referring to Figure 2 ,exist Figure 1 Step S11 of the illustrated embodiment also includes but is not limited to the following steps:

[0068] S21, create a fishnet tool, and evaluate the template range of the fishnet tool based on the area feature data;

[0069] S22, obtaining the pixel width and height of the surface element data, and creating a surface element type fishing net according to the pixel width and height;

[0070] S23, obtaining elevation information of the range information, and converting the elevation information into DEM data in t if format according to the surface element type fishnet.

[0071] It should be noted that ArcGIS software is used to convert the scope information of the storm surge risk assessment area into the first surface feature data in s ip format, and the first surface feature data is named "assessment range.shp". ArcGIS software is used to create a fishing net tool, with assessment range.shp as the template range, the pixel width and height are set to a meter, a surface feature type fishing net is created, and the created fishing net is named "fishing net.shp". ArcGIS is used to convert the elevation information of the risk assessment area into DEM data in t if format, and the DEM data is named "elv.t if".

[0072] In addition, in one embodiment, referring to Figure 3 ,exist Figure 1 Step S13 of the illustrated embodiment also includes but is not limited to the following steps:

[0073] S31, obtaining first distance information and second distance information between the coastal zone and the risk assessment area, wherein the first distance information is the distance between the coastal zone and the risk assessment area, and the second distance information is the buffer distance between the coastal zone and the risk assessment area;

[0074] S32, constructing a multi-ring buffer zone according to the first distance information and the second distance information, and dividing the risk assessment area into five types of areas according to different distances of the multi-ring buffer zone;

[0075] S33, adding a first field to the surface feature data after passing through the multi-ring buffer, performing a value assignment operation on the five types of areas according to the first field, and rewriting the surface feature data after the value assignment into the first field.

[0076] It should be noted that the distance of the assessment area from the coast is set to d. Through the multi-ring buffer tool of ArcGIS software, the assessment range .shp is based on the coastline, and the buffer distances are 120 meters, 300 meters, 500 meters, and 1000 meters to construct a multi-ring buffer zone. The risk assessment area is divided into five types of areas: d≤120 meters, 120 meters<d≤300 meters, 300 meters<d≤500 meters, 500 meters<d≤1000 meters, and d>1000 meters. The assessment range .shp file after multi-ring buffering is named "Distance from the coast.shp", and the first field named "Va l ue1" is added to the distance from the coast.shp, where the first field is a double type field. Assign values ​​of 10, 8, 6, 4, and 2 to each element of the .shp file of distance from the coast according to the five areas of d≤120 meters, 120 meters<d≤300 meters, 300 meters<d≤500 meters, 500 meters<d≤1000 meters, and d>1000 meters, and write them into the first field, namely the Value1 field.

[0077] In addition, in one embodiment, referring to Figure 4 ,exist Figure 1 Step S13 of the illustrated embodiment also includes but is not limited to the following steps:

[0078] S41, obtaining levee age information within the assessment range, and dividing the surface element data into multiple levee age areas according to the levee age information;

[0079] S42, adding a second field to the area element data divided into a plurality of levee age areas, and assigning values ​​to the plurality of levee areas according to the second field;

[0080] S43, re-write the assigned second field into the second field.

[0081] It should be noted that the levee defense standard in the risk assessment area is set to P. According to the levee defense standards in different areas of the risk assessment area, the assessment area is divided into six types of areas: natural levee protection area, levee protection area with P≤20 years, levee protection area with 20 years<P≤50 years, levee protection area with 50 years<P≤100 years, levee protection area with 100 years<P≤200 years, and levee protection area with P>200 years. The divided assessment scope .shp file is named "levee standard.shp", and a second field named "Value2" is added to the levee standard.shp, where the second field is a double type field. The elements of the levee standard .shp file are assigned values ​​of 10, 8, 6, 4, 2, and 1 according to the six types of areas: natural levee protection area, levee protection area with a return period of P≤20 years, levee protection area with a return period of 20 years<P≤50 years, levee protection area with a return period of 50 years<P≤100 years, levee protection area with a return period of 100 years<P≤200 years, and levee protection area with a return period of P>200 years, and the values ​​are written into the second field, namely the Value2 field.

[0082] In addition, in one embodiment, referring to Figure 5 ,exist Figure 1 Step S13 of the illustrated embodiment also includes but is not limited to the following steps:

[0083] S51, obtaining elevation information of a risk assessment area, and reclassifying the risk assessment area into a plurality of elevation areas according to the elevation information;

[0084] S52, assigning values ​​to the elevation areas divided into a plurality of elevation areas, and performing a raster file vectorization operation on the assigned and reclassified elevation areas;

[0085] S53, obtaining the third field of the elevation area according to the elevation area after the raster file is vectorized.

[0086] It should be noted that the elevation of each point within the risk assessment area is set as h, and the design tide levels with a recurrence interval of 20 years, 50 years, 100 years, and 200 years in the risk assessment area are set as h20 meters, h50 meters, h100 meters, and h200 meters respectively. Using the reclassification tool of the ArcGIS platform, the DEM file is reclassified into six regions: h ≤ h20 meters, h20 meters < h ≤ h50 meters, h50 meters < h ≤ h100 meters, h100 meters < h ≤ h200 meters, h200 meters < h ≤ (h200 + 1) meters, and h > (h200 + 1) meters. At the same time, the above six regions are respectively assigned values of 10, 8, 6, 4, 2, and 0. The reclassified raster file is vectorized through the raster to polygon tool of ArcGIS, and the DEM file is named "elevation.shp". The name of the Value field in the elevation.shp file is modified to Value3, which is the third field of the elevation area.

[0087] In addition, in one embodiment, referring to Figure 6 , in Figure 1 step S13 of the embodiment shown, it further includes but is not limited to the following steps:

[0088] S61, obtaining the elevation information, the distance information from the coast, and the levee standard information of the risk assessment area;

[0089] S62, intersecting the elevation information, the distance information from the coast, and the levee standard information to obtain the storm surge hazard information of the surface feature data;

[0090] S63, adding a fourth field to the storm surge hazard information to obtain the field attribute information of the fourth field;

[0091] S64, based on the field attribute information, using the natural breaks classification method for the storm surge hazard information to obtain the minimum level, the intermediate level, and the maximum level of the storm surge hazard information;

[0092] S65, respectively assigning the minimum level, the intermediate level, and the maximum level of the storm surge hazard information as the low - hazard area, the medium - hazard area, and the high - hazard area according to the field attribute information.

[0093] It should be noted that the ArcGIS platform intersection tool is used to intersect fishing net.shp, distance from the coast.shp, levee standard.shp, and elevation.shp, and the output feature is named "Storm surge hazard.shp". A double type field named "H" and a fourth field named "Hazard H" are added to Storm surge hazard.shp, where the fourth field is a text type field. The field attribute information of the fourth field, that is, the H field attribute value, is obtained, and the ArcGIS field calculator tool is used to assign the fourth field attribute information to "Value1*Value2*Value3". Storm surge hazard.shp is divided into three levels using the natural break point classification method based on the fourth field attribute information, and the hazard H field attributes of the elements corresponding to the minimum, intermediate, and maximum levels are assigned as low hazard area, medium hazard area, and high hazard area, respectively.

[0094] In addition, in one embodiment, referring to Figure 7 ,exist Figure 1 Step S15 of the illustrated embodiment also includes but is not limited to the following steps:

[0095] S71, intersecting the storm surge hazard information and the storm surge disaster vulnerability information to obtain disaster risk information of the risk assessment area;

[0096] S72, obtaining the fifth field, and obtaining the disaster risk level information of the risk assessment area according to the fifth field and the discrimination rule preset in the identification matrix table, wherein the fifth field is a text type field;

[0097] S73, assigning the disaster risk level information to the fifth field.

[0098] It should be noted that the ArcGIS platform is used to convert the land classification data of the assessment area according to the "Guidelines for Classification of Land and Sea Use for National Land Space Survey, Planning and Use Control" into shp format surface feature data, and named "Storm Surge Vulnerability.shp", and add a fifth field named "Land Classification" and "Vulnerability Level V" to Storm Surge Vulnerability.shp, where the fifth field is a text type field; the first-level class name of the land classification corresponding to each element of Storm Surge Vulnerability.shp is assigned to the land classification field, and at the same time, according to the corresponding relationship in the "Land Classification and Vulnerability Level Correspondence Table", the vulnerability level is assigned to the vulnerability level V field of Storm Surge Vulnerability.shp.

[0099] Correspondence table between land use classification and vulnerability level:

[0100]

[0101] The above is a specific description of the preferred implementation of the present invention, but the present invention is not limited to the above-mentioned implementation mode. Technical personnel familiar with the field can also make various equivalent deformations or substitutions under the shared conditions without violating the spirit of the present invention. These equivalent deformations or substitutions are all included in the scope defined by the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A GIS-based rapid assessment method for storm surge disaster risk, characterized in that: include: Obtaining range information of the risk assessment area, and converting the range information into surface element data; Acquire real-time data information of the risk assessment area according to the surface element data, assign values ​​to the real-time data information, and acquire disaster level information of the risk assessment area; Obtaining a land use classification and vulnerability level table, and obtaining disaster vulnerability information of the risk assessment area according to the land use classification and vulnerability level table and the real-time data information; Constructing a disaster risk identification matrix according to the disaster level information and the disaster vulnerability information; Performing risk assessment on the risk assessment area according to the storm surge disaster hazard information, the storm surge disaster vulnerability information and the disaster risk identification matrix, and obtaining risk level information of the disaster risk identification matrix; A risk level distribution map of the risk assessment area is drawn according to the risk level information.

2. The GIS-based rapid storm surge disaster risk assessment method according to claim 1, characterized in that: Converting the range information into surface feature data includes: Creating a fishnet tool, and evaluating a template range of the fishnet tool according to the surface feature data; Obtain the pixel width and height of the surface element data, and create a surface element type fishnet according to the pixel width and the height; The elevation information of the range information is obtained, and the elevation information is converted into DEM data in tif format according to the surface element type fishnet.

3. The GIS-based rapid storm surge disaster risk assessment method according to claim 1 is characterized in that: Acquiring real-time data information of the risk assessment area according to the surface element data includes: Acquire first distance information and second distance information between the coastal zone and the risk assessment area, wherein the first distance information is the distance between the coastal zone and the risk assessment area, and the second distance information is the buffer distance between the coastal zone and the risk assessment area; constructing a multi-ring buffer zone according to the first distance information and the second distance information, and dividing the risk assessment area into five types of areas according to different distances of the multi-ring buffer zone; A first field is added to the surface feature data after passing through the multi-ring buffer, a value assignment operation is performed on the five types of areas according to the first field, and the surface feature data after the value assignment is rewritten into the first field.

4. The GIS-based rapid storm surge disaster risk assessment method according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The step of constructing a disaster risk identification matrix according to the disaster level information and the disaster vulnerability information includes: Acquire the levee age information within the assessment range, and divide the surface element data into a plurality of levee age areas according to the levee age information; Adding a second field to the area element data divided into a plurality of levee age areas, and assigning values ​​to the plurality of levee areas according to the second field; The assigned value of the second field is rewritten into the second field.

5. The GIS-based storm surge disaster risk rapid assessment method according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The method further comprises: constructing a disaster risk identification matrix according to the disaster level information and the disaster vulnerability information; Acquiring elevation information of the risk assessment area, and reclassifying the risk assessment area into a plurality of elevation areas according to the elevation information; Assigning values ​​to each of the plurality of elevation areas, and performing a raster file vectorization operation on the elevation areas after the assignment and the reclassification; According to the elevation area after the vectorization operation on the raster file, the third field of the elevation area is obtained.

6. The GIS-based rapid storm surge disaster risk assessment method according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The step of obtaining risk level information of the disaster risk identification matrix includes: Obtaining elevation information, distance information from the coast and embankment standard information of the risk assessment area; Intersecting the elevation information, the distance information from the coast and the levee standard information to obtain storm surge hazard information of the surface element data; Adding the storm surge hazard information to a fourth field, and obtaining field attribute information of the fourth field; Based on the field attribute information, the storm surge hazard information is classified by a natural discontinuity classification method to obtain the minimum level, the middle level and the maximum level of the storm surge hazard information; The minimum level, the middle level and the maximum level of the storm surge hazard information are respectively assigned as a low hazard area, a medium hazard area and a high hazard area according to the field attribute information.

7. The GIS-based rapid storm surge disaster risk assessment method according to claim 1 is characterized in that: Performing a disaster risk assessment on the risk assessment area according to the storm surge hazard information, the storm surge disaster vulnerability information and the identification matrix table includes: Intersecting the storm surge hazard information and the storm surge disaster vulnerability information to obtain disaster risk information of the risk assessment area; Acquire the fifth field, and acquire the disaster risk level information of the risk assessment area according to the fifth field and the discrimination rule preset in the identification matrix table, wherein the fifth field is a text type field; The disaster risk level information is assigned to the fifth field.

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