Management method and system for virtual power plant to participate in double-layer coupling transaction of electricity-carbon market

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of virtual power plant electricity-carbon trading, and particularly discloses a management method and system for a virtual power plant to participate in double-layer coupling trading of an electricity-carbon market, and the method comprises the steps: constructing a double-layer coupling trading model representing the participation of the virtual power plant in the electricity-carbon market; the double-layer coupling transaction model comprises a generator game model, an upper layer model for representing virtual power plant profit maximization and generator profit maximization, and a lower layer model for representing power market operation cost minimization and carbon market social welfare maximization; and based on a non-cooperative game theory, calculating a Nash equilibrium point of the double-layer coupling transaction model, and determining an optimal strategy of the virtual power plant and the power-carbon market at the Nash equilibrium point. According to the invention, profit maximization of the virtual power plant and a power generator can be realized while the virtual power plant is ensured to participate in the double-layer coupling transaction of the power-carbon market more stably.

Description

Background Art

[0002] Virtual power plants integrate energy supply and energy consumption, and couple distributed new energy, gas turbines, energy storage, and controllable load resources to participate in power market transactions. Through intelligent management methods, they can fully mobilize the flexibility and adjustability of the power grid, effectively solve problems such as unstable output of new energy, promote the consumption of new energy, and improve economic benefits. Distributed power sources based on renewable energy can reduce the use of thermal power units to a certain extent, but distributed power sources often have problems with unstable and indirect power supply.

[0003] Therefore, it is urgent to provide a technical solution to solve the above problems. Summary of the invention

[0004] In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention provides a management method and system for a virtual power plant to participate in double-layer coupled transactions in the electricity-carbon market.

[0005] In a first aspect, the present invention provides a management method for a virtual power plant to participate in a double-layer coupled transaction in an electricity-carbon market. The technical solution of the method is as follows:

[0006] Construct a two-layer coupled trading model that represents the participation of virtual power plants in the electricity-carbon market; the two-layer coupled trading model includes: a power producer game model, an upper-layer model that represents the maximization of virtual power plant profits and power producer profits, and a lower-layer model that represents the minimization of electricity market operating costs and the maximization of carbon market social welfare;

[0007] Based on non-cooperative game theory, the Nash equilibrium point of the double-layer coupling transaction model is calculated, and the optimal strategy of the virtual power plant and the electric carbon market at the Nash equilibrium point is determined.

[0008] The beneficial effects of the management method of a virtual power plant participating in double-layer coupling transactions in the electricity-carbon market of the present invention are as follows:

[0009] The method of the present invention can ensure that the virtual power plant participates in the double-layer coupled transaction of the electricity-carbon market more stably, while achieving profit maximization for the virtual power plant and the power generator.

[0010] On the basis of the above scheme, the management method of a virtual power plant participating in double-layer coupled transactions in the electricity carbon market of the present invention can also be improved as follows.

[0011] In an optional manner, the electricity carbon market includes: wind and solar power generators, conventional coal-fired power generators, electricity market and carbon market.

[0012] In an optional manner, the upper-level model includes: a first model representing the profit maximization of the virtual power plant, a second model representing the profit maximization of the wind and solar power generators, and a third model representing the profit maximization of the conventional coal-fired power generators.

[0013] In an optional manner, the lower model includes: a fourth model that characterizes the minimization of the operating cost of the electricity market and a fifth model that characterizes the maximization of the social welfare of the carbon market.

[0014] In a second aspect, the present invention provides a management system for a virtual power plant to participate in a double-layer coupled transaction in an electricity-carbon market. The technical solution of the system is as follows:

[0015] Includes: building module and running module;

[0016] The construction module is used to: construct a two-layer coupling transaction model that characterizes the participation of virtual power plants in the electricity-carbon market; the two-layer coupling transaction model includes: a power producer game model, an upper-layer model that characterizes the maximization of virtual power plant profits and power producer profits, and a lower-layer model that characterizes the minimization of electricity market operating costs and the maximization of carbon market social welfare;

[0017] The operation module is used to: calculate the Nash equilibrium point of the double-layer coupling transaction model based on non-cooperative game theory, and determine the optimal strategy of the virtual power plant and the electric carbon market at the Nash equilibrium point.

[0018] The beneficial effects of the management system of the virtual power plant participating in the double-layer coupled transaction of the electric carbon market of the present invention are as follows:

[0019] The system of the present invention can ensure that the virtual power plant participates in the double-layer coupled transactions in the electricity-carbon market more stably, while maximizing the profits of the virtual power plant and the power generator.

[0020] On the basis of the above scheme, the management system of a virtual power plant participating in double-layer coupled transactions in the electricity carbon market of the present invention can also be improved as follows.

[0021] In an optional manner, the electricity carbon market includes: wind and solar power generators, conventional coal-fired power generators, electricity market and carbon market.

[0022] In an optional manner, the upper-level model includes: a first model representing the profit maximization of the virtual power plant, a second model representing the profit maximization of the wind and solar power generators, and a third model representing the profit maximization of the conventional coal-fired power generators.

[0023] In an optional manner, the lower model includes: a fourth model that characterizes the minimization of the operating cost of the electricity market and a fifth model that characterizes the maximization of the social welfare of the carbon market.

[0024] In a third aspect, a technical solution of an electronic device of the present invention is as follows:

[0025] It includes a memory, a processor, and a program stored in the memory and running on the processor. When the processor executes the program, it implements the steps of the management method of the virtual power plant participating in the double-layer coupled transaction of the electricity carbon market as described in the present invention.

[0026] In a fourth aspect, the present invention provides a computer-readable storage medium having the following technical solution:

[0027] Instructions are stored in the computer-readable storage medium. When the computer-readable storage medium reads the instructions, the computer-readable storage medium executes the steps of the management method for the virtual power plant participating in the double-layer coupled transaction in the electricity-carbon market as described in the present invention.

[0028] The above description is only an overview of the technical solution of the present invention. In order to more clearly understand the technical means of the present invention, it can be implemented according to the contents of the specification. In order to make the above and other purposes, features and advantages of the present invention more obvious and easy to understand, the specific implementation methods of the present invention are listed below. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0029] The accompanying drawings are only used to illustrate the embodiments and are not to be considered as limiting the present invention. In addition, the same reference symbols are used to represent the same components throughout the accompanying drawings. In the accompanying drawings:

[0030] Figure 1 A flow chart of an embodiment of a management method for a virtual power plant participating in a double-layer coupled transaction in an electricity-carbon market according to the present invention;

[0031] Figure 2 It is a structural schematic diagram of an embodiment of a management system for a virtual power plant participating in a double-layer coupled transaction in an electricity-carbon market according to the present invention;

[0032] Figure 3 The figure is a schematic structural diagram of an embodiment of an electronic device of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0033] Exemplary embodiments of the present invention will be described in more detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Although exemplary embodiments of the present invention are shown in the drawings, it should be understood that the present invention can be implemented in various forms and should not be limited to the embodiments set forth herein.

[0034] Figure 1A flow chart of an embodiment of a management method for a virtual power plant to participate in double-layer coupled transactions in an electricity-carbon market provided by the present invention is shown. The management method for a virtual power plant to participate in double-layer coupled transactions in an electricity-carbon market can be executed by an electronic device such as a terminal device or a server. Among them, the terminal device can be any fixed or mobile terminal such as a user equipment (UE), a mobile device, a user terminal, a terminal, a cellular phone, a cordless phone, a personal digital assistant (PDA), a handheld device, a computing device, a vehicle-mounted device, a wearable device, etc. The server can be a single server or a server cluster composed of multiple servers. Any electronic device can implement the management method for a virtual power plant to participate in double-layer coupled transactions in an electricity-carbon market by means of a processor calling computer-readable instructions stored in a memory. As Figure 1 As shown, the following steps are included:

[0035] S1. Construct a two-layer coupled trading model to characterize the participation of virtual power plants in the electricity-carbon market.

[0036] Among them, the two-layer coupling trading model includes: the power producer game model, the upper model that represents the profit maximization of the virtual power plant and the power producer, and the lower model that represents the minimum operating cost of the electricity market and the maximum social welfare of the carbon market.

[0037] Among them, the electricity carbon market includes: wind and solar power generators, conventional coal-fired power generators, electricity market and carbon market. The upper model includes: the first model representing the profit maximization of virtual power plants, the second model representing the profit maximization of wind and solar power generators and the third model representing the profit maximization of conventional coal-fired power generators. The lower model includes: the fourth model representing the minimum operating cost of the electricity market and the fifth model representing the social welfare maximization of the carbon market. Specifically:

[0038] 1) The expression of the power producer game model is:

[0039]

[0040] in, represents the Nash equilibrium point of conventional coal-fired power generators, represents the Nash equilibrium point of wind and solar power producers, represents the Nash equilibrium point of the virtual power plant, R NG represents the profit function of conventional coal-fired power generators, R T represents the profit function of wind and solar power producers, represents the profit function of the virtual power plant, S NG represents the general decision point of conventional coal-fired power generators, S T represents the general decision point of wind and solar power producers, S VRepresents the general decision points of a virtual power plant.

[0041] 2) The first model includes: the virtual power plant profit maximization formula and the first constraint condition.

[0042] ①The profit maximization formula of virtual power plant is:

[0043]

[0044] Among them, R m represents the profit of the virtual power plant set m, represents the day-ahead market revenue of the virtual power plant set m, represents the real-time market revenue of the virtual power plant set m, represents the ancillary service market revenue of the virtual power plant set m, represents the carbon market revenue of the virtual power plant set m, C VPP Represents the total cost of operating the virtual power plant collection.

[0045] The electricity market revenue is divided into day-ahead market revenue and real-time market revenue, expressed as:

[0046]

[0047] in, represents the marginal electricity price of the clearing node in the day-ahead market at time t, Represents the marginal electricity price of the clearing node in the real-time market at time t. represents the day-ahead market clearing volume at time t, Represents the real-time market clearing electricity at time t in scenario s. π s is the probability of scenario s occurring.

[0048] The expression of ancillary service market revenue is:

[0049]

[0050] in, represents the bid of the virtual power plant set m for frequency regulation capacity in the ancillary service market at time t, represents the bid of frequency regulation capacity of virtual power plant set m in the ancillary service market at time t, represents the frequency regulation capacity of the virtual power plant set m that won the bid at time t, It represents the down-frequency regulation capacity won by the virtual power plant set m at time t.

[0051] The expression of carbon market benefits is:

[0052]

[0053] in, is the transaction price of carbon quota at time t, represents the number of carbon quotas obtained by the ith virtual power plant in the virtual power plant set m at time t, represents the carbon emissions of the ith virtual power plant in the virtual power plant set m at time t, represents the transaction price of CCER at time t, Represents the number of CCERs sold by the virtual power plant set m at time t.

[0054] The total cost of a virtual power plant is expressed as:

[0055]

[0056] in, represents the controllable load response cost of the virtual power plant set m, represents the energy storage system cost of the virtual power plant set m, represents the power generation cost of the gas turbine in the virtual power plant set m, represents the reserve cost that needs to be shared by the virtual power plant set m, π m,t represents the replacement income of wind and solar power generation of virtual power plant set m at time t, π n,t It represents the replacement income of wind and solar power producer n at time t. c is the demand response compensation price, P lc,i,t represents the power of controllable load reduction in the i-th virtual power plant at time t; c dis represents the marginal cost of energy storage discharge, c cha represents the marginal cost of energy storage charging, Indicates the discharge amount of energy storage during period T, Indicates the amount of energy stored during period T, and Both represent the cost coefficient of the gas turbine in the ith virtual power plant of the virtual power plant set m, Represents the output of the gas turbine in the i-th virtual power plant of the virtual power plant set m in the energy market at time t.

[0057] ②The first constraint is:

[0058]

[0059] in, represents the energy market bidding power reported by the i-th virtual power plant at time t, for and sum. is the reserve bidding capacity reported by the i-th virtual power plant at time t, for and sum; represents the bidding ceiling of the i-th virtual power plant energy market at time t, represents the lower limit of bidding in the energy market of the ith virtual power plant at time t; represents the upper limit of the i-th virtual power plant reserve market bid, represents the electricity price of the virtual power plant set m, Indicates that the carbon quota of the virtual power plant set m participates in the carbon market quota quota, It is the CCER of the virtual power plant set m participating in the carbon market quotation. represents the upper limit of the charge capacity at time t, represents the upper limit of the discharge amount at time t, represents the upper limit capacity of energy storage at time t, represents the lower limit capacity of energy storage at time t, and represents the predicted value of wind and solar power generation at time t, represents the upper limit of the frequency regulation capacity at time t, represents the lower limit of the upper frequency regulation capacity at time t, represents the upper limit of the down-regulation capacity at time t, Indicates the lower limit of the down-regulation capacity at time t.

[0060] 3) The second model includes: the profit maximization formula for wind and solar power generators and the second constraint condition.

[0061] ① The profit maximization formula for wind and solar power generators is:

[0062]

[0063] Among them, Rn represents the total profit of wind and solar power generator n, represents the revenue of wind and solar power generator n in the day-ahead market, represents the revenue of wind and solar power generator n in the real-time market, represents the revenue of wind and solar power producers in the carbon market, represents the clearing price of electricity in the market at time t, To represent the clearing price of electricity in the real-time market at time t, represents the day-ahead market clearing quantity of wind and solar power producer n at time t, represents the real-time market clearing electricity of wind and solar power producer n at time t in scenario s; represents the transaction price of CCER at time t, represents the number of CCERs sold by wind and solar power producer n at time t, represents the backup cost that wind and solar power generator n needs to share, represents the total backup cost of the system, πn,t It represents the replacement income of wind and solar power producer n at time t.

[0064] ②The second constraint is:

[0065]

[0066] in, represents the power generation of wind and solar power producer n at time t, The electricity quotation of wind and solar power producer n at time t.

[0067] 4) The third model includes: the profit maximization formula of conventional coal-fired power generators and the third constraint condition.

[0068] ① The profit maximization formula for conventional coal-fired power generators is:

[0069]

[0070] Among them, R G represents the total profit of conventional coal-fired power generators, represents the revenue of conventional coal-fired power generators in the day-ahead market, represents the revenue of conventional coal-fired power generators in the real-time market, represents the revenue of conventional coal-fired power generators in the ancillary service market, represents the revenue of conventional coal-fired power generators in the carbon market, represents the power generation cost of conventional coal-fired power generators, and Both represent the cost coefficients of conventional coal-fired power generators. represents the power generation of conventional coal-fired power generators, represents the day-ahead market clearing electricity of conventional coal-fired power generators at time t, It represents the amount of electricity cleared by conventional coal-fired power generators in the real-time market at time t; represents the bids of conventional coal-fired power generators for frequency regulation capacity in the ancillary service market. It represents the bids of conventional coal-fired power generators for frequency regulation capacity in the ancillary service market. represents the frequency regulation capacity of conventional coal-fired power generators at time t. represents the frequency regulation capacity of conventional coal-fired power generators that won the bid at time t, represents the carbon price in the carbon market at time t, represents the sales volume of carbon quotas of conventional coal-fired power generators at time t, Represents the purchase amount of carbon quota by conventional coal-fired power generators at time t.

[0071] ②The third constraint is:

[0072]

[0073] in, represents the electricity price quoted by conventional coal-fired power generator n at time t, Represents the power generation of conventional coal-fired power generator n at time t.

[0074] 5) The fourth model includes: the minimum clearing formula for electricity market operation costs and the fourth constraint condition.

[0075] ① The minimum clearing formula for electricity market operation cost is:

[0076] Min C=C DA +C RT

[0077] Among them, C is the total cost of electricity market operation, C DA is the day-ahead market cost, C RT is the expected cost in the real-time market.

[0078]

[0079] in, represents the operating cost, represents the spare capacity cost, represents the upper reserve quotation of virtual power plant set m, represents the next reserve bid of the virtual power plant set m at time t, represents the upper reserve capacity of the virtual power plant set m at time t, represents the lower reserve capacity of the virtual power plant set m at time t; represents the upper reserve quotation of conventional coal-fired power generators at time t, It represents the lower reserve capacity of conventional coal-fired power generators at time t.

[0080]

[0081] in, represents the adjusted power of the virtual power plant set m under scenario s at time t, represents the adjusted power of wind and solar power producer n under scenario s at time t, It represents the adjusted power of conventional coal-fired power generators under scenario s at time t, and S is the number of scenarios.

[0082] It should be noted that the reserve call price of conventional coal-fired power units (conventional coal-fired power generators) reflects the cost of coal-fired power in the real-time market to cope with the uncertainty of wind and solar power output. When constructing the model, this embodiment considers introducing reserve capacity quotations in the day-ahead market to represent the market willingness of coal-fired power units to provide reserve capacity and quotations; on the other hand, the actual reserve call capacity and price are considered in the real-time market to truly reflect the benefits obtained by coal-fired power units from providing reserve.

[0083] ②The fourth constraint includes: the constraint of the day-ahead market and the constraint of the real-time market.

[0084] The constraints of the day-ahead market are:

[0085] (1) System power balance constraints:

[0086]

[0087] in, is the load demand of user l at time t, and L is the number of users.

[0088] (2) Unit output constraints:

[0089]

[0090] in, represents the maximum output of the virtual power plant m set predicted in the T period, represents the minimum output of the virtual power plant set m in the T period, represents the predicted output of wind and solar power plant n in time period t, represents the maximum technical output of conventional coal-fired power generators, Represents the minimum technical output of conventional coal-fired power generators.

[0091] (3) Unit climbing constraints:

[0092]

[0093] in, represents the ramp-up rate of conventional coal-fired power generators, represents the ramp-down rate of conventional coal-fired power generators, and represents the ramp rate constraint of the coal-fired units in the virtual power plant, Represents the output of coal-fired units in the virtual power plant in the day-ahead market.

[0094] (4) Backup constraints:

[0095] The ability of conventional units to adjust output up and down in different time periods needs to meet the needs of the actual system operation for adjusting output up and down.

[0096]

[0097] The constraints of the real-time market are:

[0098] (1) System power balance constraints:

[0099]

[0100] in, is the actual power load deviation of user l at time t.

[0101] (2) Unit output constraints:

[0102]

[0103] in, represents the predicted maximum output of the virtual power plant set m in period T, represents the predicted minimum output of the virtual power plant set m in period T, It represents the maximum value of the ultra-short-term predicted output of wind and solar power plant n in period T, represents the minimum technical output of conventional coal-fired power generators, represents the maximum technical output of conventional coal-fired power generators, represents the upper reserve call output of conventional coal-fired power generators at time t, It represents the lower reserve output of conventional coal-fired power generators at time t.

[0104] (3) Backup constraints:

[0105]

[0106] (4) Unit climbing constraints:

[0107]

[0108] 6) The fifth model includes: the carbon market social welfare maximization clearing formula and the fifth constraint.

[0109] ①The carbon market social welfare maximization clearing formula is:

[0110]

[0111] in, represents the carbon quota purchase price of conventional coal-fired power generators at time t, represents the carbon quota purchase amount of conventional coal-fired power generators at time t, represents the carbon quota selling price of conventional coal-fired power generators at time t, represents the carbon quota sold by conventional coal-fired power generators at time t, represents the purchase price of carbon quota of virtual power plant set m at time t, represents the purchase quantity of carbon quotas of virtual power plant set m at time t, represents the carbon quota of the virtual power plant set m at time t, represents the CCER selling price of the virtual power plant set m at time t, represents the number of carbon quotas sold by the virtual power plant set m at time t, represents the number of CCERs sold by the virtual power plant set m at time t, represents the CCER selling price of wind and solar power producer n at time t, Represents the number of CCERs sold by wind and solar power producer n at time t.

[0112] ②The fifth constraint is:

[0113] (1) Carbon quota and CCER supply and demand balance constraints in the carbon market:

[0114]

[0115] Among them, μ t It is the dual variable of the carbon quota supply and demand balance constraint, representing the transaction price of carbon quota.

[0116] (2) Constraints on the bidding volume of conventional coal-fired power quotas:

[0117] The relationship between the carbon quota that conventional coal-fired power needs to participate in market bidding during the T period and its carbon quota purchase and sales is:

[0118]

[0119] The relationship between the bidding volume of conventional coal-fired power carbon market and actual carbon emissions and carbon quota allocation is:

[0120]

[0121] in, represents the accumulated carbon emissions of conventional coal-fired power generators during the T period, is the carbon quota initially allocated to the generator G during the compliance period, r g,T is the initial carbon quota decomposition coefficient of conventional coal-fired power generators in period T, which requires the following constraints:

[0122]

[0123] It should be noted that according to the latest national "2023-2024 National Carbon Emission Trading Quota Total Setting and Allocation Implementation Plan (for the Power Generation Industry)", the carbon quota allocation process is clearly divided into two major links: pre-allocation and final verification. At the beginning of each year, carbon quotas will be pre-allocated based on 70% of the power supply of each power generation unit in the previous year; and at the end of the year, after the verification of the annual carbon emission data is fully completed, the quota will be finally verified and adjusted based on the actual power supply.

[0124] The initial carbon quota is allocated free of charge using the baseline method, and the pre-allocated carbon quota is:

[0125]

[0126] Among them, Q h represents the total electricity generated by conventional coal-fired power in the previous year, Indicates the carbon emission baseline approved by the government. It can be calculated based on the functional relationship between real-time market clearing electricity and carbon emissions:

[0127]

[0128] Among them, σ g Represents the carbon emission coefficient of conventional coal-fired power generators.

[0129] It should be noted that the carbon quota settlement requirement is an unshakable and rigid regulation in the carbon trading process. At the end of the compliance period stipulated by the carbon market, traditional conventional coal-fired power generators must complete the settlement and payment of carbon quotas to the regulatory authorities to ensure that the total amount of their initial carbon emission quotas and additional quotas purchased from the carbon market is not less than the total amount of carbon emissions they actually generated during the compliance period.

[0130]

[0131] The number of CCERs obtained by wind and solar power producers:

[0132]

[0133] in, It represents the number of CCERs certified by wind and solar power company n at time t, τ is the carbon dioxide emission reduction per unit of new energy power, and the calculation formula is: τ=0.75F OM +0.25F BM

[0134] Among them, F OM is the marginal emission factor of electricity, F BM is the capacity marginal emission factor.

[0135]

[0136] in, represents the net CCER value of wind and solar power producer n at time t, Represents the CCER sold by wind and solar power producer n in the carbon market at time t.

[0137] The number of CCERs obtained by the virtual power plant:

[0138]

[0139] in, Represents the amount of wind and solar power generation cleared by the virtual power plant in the real-time market.

[0140] S2. Based on non-cooperative game theory, the Nash equilibrium point of the double-layer coupled trading model is calculated, and the optimal strategy of the virtual power plant and the electric carbon market at the Nash equilibrium point is determined.

[0141] Among them, the Nash equilibrium point is solved according to the model and non-cooperative game theory; in the electricity and carbon emission rights trading market, the profit objective functions of various power generation companies are interrelated. Based on the previously constructed model, a game model (double-layer coupling trading model) is now constructed to describe the competitive behavior of these power generation companies in the electricity carbon market. In this game model, the goal of the participants (i.e., virtual power plants and electricity carbon markets) is to find a strategy combination, namely the Nash equilibrium, which is considered to be their optimal strategy in the market game.

[0142] The technical solution of this embodiment focuses on the coupled transaction decision-making problem of virtual power plants participating in the electricity-carbon market. This embodiment establishes a non-cooperative game model for virtual power plants to participate in the electricity-carbon market. The upper layer is the profit model of virtual power plants, wind and solar power generators, and conventional coal-fired power generators. The lower layer model is the electricity-carbon market clearing model, and the diagonalization method is used to solve the Nash equilibrium solution. Virtual power plants can increase their own clearing volume through coupled transactions in the electricity-carbon market, compress the clearing volume of conventional coal-fired power, and indirectly improve the welfare of the entire society. The technical solution of this embodiment can maximize the profits of virtual power plants and power generators while ensuring that the two-layer coupled transactions of virtual power plants participating in the electricity-carbon market are more stable.

[0143] Figure 2 FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram showing a structure of an embodiment of a management system 200 for a virtual power plant to participate in a dual-layer coupled transaction in an electricity-carbon market provided by the present invention. Figure 2 As shown, the system 200 includes: a construction module 210 and an operation module 220;

[0144] The construction module 210 is used to: construct a double-layer coupling transaction model that represents the participation of virtual power plants in the electricity-carbon market; the double-layer coupling transaction model includes: a power producer game model, an upper-layer model that represents the maximization of virtual power plant profits and power producer profits, and a lower-layer model that represents the minimum operation cost of the electricity market and the maximization of social welfare in the carbon market;

[0145] The operation module 220 is used to: calculate the Nash equilibrium point of the double-layer coupling transaction model based on non-cooperative game theory, and determine the optimal strategy of the virtual power plant and the electric carbon market at the Nash equilibrium point.

[0146] In one optional approach, the electricity carbon market includes: wind and solar power generators, conventional coal-fired power generators, electricity markets and carbon markets.

[0147] In an optional manner, the upper-level model includes: a first model representing profit maximization of a virtual power plant, a second model representing profit maximization of a wind and solar power generator, and a third model representing profit maximization of a conventional coal-fired power generator.

[0148] In an optional manner, the lower model includes: a fourth model that characterizes the minimization of operating costs in the electricity market and a fifth model that characterizes the maximization of social welfare in the carbon market.

[0149] It should be noted that the beneficial effects of the management system for the virtual power plant participating in the two-tier coupled transactions in the electricity carbon market provided by the above-mentioned embodiment are the same as the beneficial effects of the management method for the virtual power plant participating in the two-tier coupled transactions in the electricity carbon market, which will not be repeated here. In addition, when the system provided by the above-mentioned embodiment realizes its functions, it only uses the division of the above-mentioned functional modules as an example. In actual applications, the above-mentioned functions can be assigned to different functional modules as needed, that is, the system can be divided into different functional modules according to actual conditions to complete all or part of the functions described above. In addition, the system and method embodiments provided by the above-mentioned embodiments belong to the same concept, and the specific implementation process is detailed in the method embodiment, which will not be repeated here.

[0150] Among them, the management system of the virtual power plant participating in the two-tier coupled transactions in the electricity carbon market of the present invention can be a computer program (including program code) running in a computer device. For example, the management system of the virtual power plant participating in the two-tier coupled transactions in the electricity carbon market of the present invention is an application software, which can be used to execute the corresponding steps in the management method of the virtual power plant participating in the two-tier coupled transactions in the electricity carbon market of the present invention.

[0151] In some embodiments, the management system of the virtual power plant participating in the double-layer coupled transactions in the electricity carbon market of the present invention can be implemented by a combination of software and hardware. As an example, the management system of the virtual power plant participating in the double-layer coupled transactions in the electricity carbon market of the present invention can be a processor in the form of a hardware decoding processor, which is programmed to execute the management method of the virtual power plant participating in the double-layer coupled transactions in the electricity carbon market of the present invention. For example, the processor in the form of a hardware decoding processor can adopt one or more application specific integrated circuits (ASICs), DSPs, programmable logic devices (PLDs), complex programmable logic devices (CPLDs), field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) or other electronic components.

[0152] The modules involved in the embodiments of the present invention may be implemented in software or hardware. The name of a module does not limit the module itself in some cases.

[0153] An electronic device according to an embodiment of the present invention comprises a memory, a processor and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor. When the processor executes the computer program, any one of the above-mentioned management methods for virtual power plants participating in double-layer coupled transactions in the electricity carbon market is implemented. That is to say, an electronic device according to an embodiment of the present invention may include but is not limited to: a processor and a memory; a memory for storing a computer program; a processor for executing the management method for virtual power plants participating in double-layer coupled transactions in the electricity carbon market shown in any embodiment of the present invention by calling a computer program.

[0154] In an alternative embodiment, an electronic device is provided, such as Figure 3 As shown, Figure 3 The electronic device 4000 shown includes: a processor 4001 and a memory 4003. The processor 4001 and the memory 4003 are connected, such as through a bus 4002. Optionally, the electronic device 4000 may also include a transceiver 4004, which may be used for data interaction between the electronic device and other electronic devices, such as data transmission and / or data reception. It should be noted that in actual applications, the transceiver 4004 is not limited to one, and the structure of the electronic device 4000 does not constitute a limitation on the embodiments of the present invention.

[0155] Processor 4001 may be a CPU (Central Processing Unit), a general-purpose processor, a DSP (Digital Signal Processor), an ASIC (Application Specific Integrated Circuit), an FPGA (Field Programmable Gate Array) or other programmable logic devices, transistor logic devices, hardware components or any combination thereof. It may implement or execute various exemplary logic blocks, modules and circuits described in conjunction with the disclosure of the present invention. Processor 4001 may also be a combination that implements computing functions, such as a combination of one or more microprocessors, a combination of a DSP and a microprocessor, etc.

[0156] The bus 4002 may include a path to transmit information between the above components. The bus 4002 may be a PCI (Peripheral Component Interconnect) bus or an EISA (Extended Industry Standard Architecture) bus. The bus 4002 may be divided into an address bus, a data bus, a control bus, etc. For ease of representation, Figure 3 In the figure, only one thick line is used to represent the bus 4002, but this does not mean that there is only one bus or one type of bus.

[0157] The memory 4003 can be a ROM (Read Only Memory) or other types of static storage devices that can store static information and instructions, a RAM (Random Access Memory) or other types of dynamic storage devices that can store information and instructions, or an EEPROM (Electrically Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory), a CD-ROM (Compact Disc Read Only Memory) or other optical disk storage, optical disk storage (including compressed optical disk, laser disk, optical disk, digital versatile disk, Blu-ray disk, etc.), a magnetic disk storage medium or other magnetic storage device, or any other medium that can be used to carry or store the desired program code in the form of instructions or data structures and can be accessed by a computer, but is not limited to this.

[0158] The memory 4003 is used to store the application code (computer program) for executing the solution of the present invention, and the execution is controlled by the processor 4001. The processor 4001 is used to execute the application code stored in the memory 4003 to implement the content shown in the above method embodiment.

[0159] Among them, the electronic device can also be a terminal device, and the terminal device can be any terminal device that can install applications and access web pages through applications, including at least one of a smart phone, a tablet computer, a laptop computer, a desktop computer, a smart speaker, a smart watch, a smart TV, and a smart car device.

[0160] It should be noted that Figure 3 The electronic device shown is only an example and should not bring any limitation to the functions and scope of use of the embodiments of the present invention.

[0161] A computer-readable storage medium according to an embodiment of the present invention stores a computer program on the computer-readable storage medium, and when the computer program is executed by a processor, it implements any of the above-mentioned management methods for virtual power plants participating in double-layer coupled transactions in the electricity-carbon market.

[0162] Optionally, the computer-readable storage medium may be a read-only memory (ROM), a random access memory (RAM), a compact disc (CD-ROM), a magnetic tape, a floppy disk, an optical data storage device, and the like.

[0163] In an exemplary embodiment, a computer program product or a computer program is also provided, the computer program product or the computer program including computer instructions, the computer instructions being stored in a computer-readable storage medium. A processor of an electronic device reads the computer instructions from the computer-readable storage medium, and the processor executes the computer instructions, so that the electronic device executes the above-mentioned management method for virtual power plants to participate in double-layer coupling transactions in the electricity-carbon market.

[0164] Computer program code for performing the operations of the present invention may be written in one or more programming languages, or a combination thereof, including object-oriented programming languages, such as Java, Smalltalk, C++, and conventional procedural programming languages, such as "C" or similar programming languages. The program code may be executed entirely on the user's computer, partially on the user's computer, as a separate software package, partially on the user's computer and partially on a remote computer, or entirely on a remote computer or server. In cases involving a remote computer, the remote computer may be connected to the user's computer through any type of network, including a local area network (LAN) or a wide area network (WAN), or may be connected to an external computer (e.g., through the Internet using an Internet service provider).

[0165] It should be understood that the flow charts and block diagrams in the accompanying drawings illustrate the possible implementation architecture, functions and operations of the method and computer program product according to various embodiments of the present invention. In this regard, each box in the flow chart or block diagram can represent a module, a program segment, or a part of a code, and the module, the program segment, or a part of the code contains one or more executable instructions for realizing the specified logical function. It should also be noted that in some alternative implementations, the functions marked in the box can also occur in a sequence different from that marked in the accompanying drawings. For example, two boxes represented in succession can actually be executed substantially in parallel, and they can sometimes be executed in the opposite order, depending on the functions involved. It should also be noted that each box in the block diagram and / or flow chart, and the combination of the boxes in the block diagram and / or flow chart can be implemented with a dedicated hardware-based system that performs a specified function or operation, or can be implemented with a combination of dedicated hardware and computer instructions.

[0166] The computer-readable storage medium provided by the embodiment of the present invention may be, but is not limited to, an electrical, magnetic, optical, electromagnetic, infrared, or semiconductor system, device or component, or any combination thereof. More specific examples of computer-readable storage media may include, but are not limited to: an electrical connection with one or more wires, a portable computer disk, a hard disk, a random access memory (RAM), a read-only memory (ROM), an erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM or flash memory), an optical fiber, a portable compact disk read-only memory (CD-ROM), an optical storage device, a magnetic storage device, or any suitable combination thereof. In the present invention, a computer-readable storage medium may be any tangible medium containing or storing a program that may be used by or in conjunction with an instruction execution system, device, or component.

[0167] The computer-readable storage medium carries one or more programs. When the one or more programs are executed by the electronic device, the electronic device executes the method shown in the above embodiment.

[0168] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and an explanation of the technical principles used. Those skilled in the art should understand that the disclosure scope involved in the present invention is not limited to the technical solution formed by a specific combination of the above technical features, but should also cover other technical solutions formed by any combination of the above technical features or their equivalent features without departing from the above disclosed concept. For example, the above features are replaced with the technical features with similar functions disclosed in the present invention (but not limited to) by each other.

[0169] It should be noted that the terms "first", "second", etc. in the specification and claims of the present application are used to distinguish similar objects and represent the definition of a specific order or sequence. The order of use of similar objects can be interchanged where appropriate, so that the embodiments of the present application described herein can be implemented in an order other than the order shown or described.

[0170] Those skilled in the art know that the present invention can be implemented as a system, method or computer program product. Therefore, the present invention can be specifically implemented in the following forms, namely: it can be complete hardware, it can be complete software (including firmware, resident software, microcode, etc.), or it can be a combination of hardware and software, which is generally referred to as "circuit", "module" or "system" herein. In addition, in some embodiments, the present invention can also be implemented in the form of a computer program product in one or more computer-readable media, and the computer-readable medium contains computer-readable program code.

[0171] Although the embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described above, it is to be understood that the above embodiments are exemplary and are not to be construed as limitations of the present invention. A person skilled in the art may change, modify, replace and vary the above embodiments within the scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A management method for virtual power plants participating in double-layer coupling transactions in the electricity-carbon market, characterized in that: include: Construct a two-layer coupled trading model to characterize the participation of virtual power plants in the electricity-carbon market; The two-layer coupling trading model includes: a power producer game model, an upper layer model representing the maximization of virtual power plant profits and power producer profits, and a lower layer model representing the minimum operation cost of the electricity market and the maximization of social welfare in the carbon market; Based on non-cooperative game theory, the Nash equilibrium point of the double-layer coupling transaction model is calculated, and the optimal strategy of the virtual power plant and the electric carbon market at the Nash equilibrium point is determined.

2. The management method for virtual power plants participating in double-layer coupled transactions in the electricity-carbon market according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The electricity-carbon market includes: wind and solar power generators, conventional coal-fired power generators, electricity market and carbon market.

3. The management method for virtual power plants participating in double-layer coupled transactions in the electricity-carbon market according to claim 2 is characterized in that: The upper model includes: a first model representing the profit maximization of the virtual power plant, a second model representing the profit maximization of the wind and solar power generators, and a third model representing the profit maximization of the conventional coal-fired power generators.

4. The management method for virtual power plants participating in double-layer coupled transactions in the electricity-carbon market according to claim 2 is characterized in that: The lower-level models include: a fourth model that characterizes the minimization of the operating cost of the electricity market and a fifth model that characterizes the maximization of the social welfare of the carbon market.

5. A management system for virtual power plants to participate in double-layer coupled transactions in the electricity-carbon market, characterized in that: include: Building modules and running modules; The construction module is used to: construct a double-layer coupling transaction model that characterizes the participation of virtual power plants in the electricity-carbon market; The two-layer coupling trading model includes: a power producer game model, an upper layer model representing the maximization of virtual power plant profits and power producer profits, and a lower layer model representing the minimum operation cost of the electricity market and the maximization of social welfare in the carbon market; The operation module is used to: calculate the Nash equilibrium point of the double-layer coupling transaction model based on non-cooperative game theory, and determine the optimal strategy of the virtual power plant and the electric carbon market at the Nash equilibrium point.

6. The management system for virtual power plants participating in double-layer coupled transactions in the electricity-carbon market according to claim 5 is characterized in that: The electricity-carbon market includes: wind and solar power generators, conventional coal-fired power generators, electricity market and carbon market.

7. The management system for virtual power plants participating in double-layer coupled transactions in the electricity-carbon market according to claim 6 is characterized in that: The upper model includes: a first model representing the profit maximization of the virtual power plant, a second model representing the profit maximization of the wind and solar power generators, and a third model representing the profit maximization of the conventional coal-fired power generators.

8. The management system for virtual power plants participating in double-layer coupled transactions in the electricity-carbon market according to claim 6 is characterized in that: The lower-level models include: a fourth model that characterizes the minimization of the operating cost of the electricity market and a fifth model that characterizes the maximization of the social welfare of the carbon market.

9. An electronic device, characterized in that: The electronic device includes a processor, the processor is coupled to a memory, at least one computer program is stored in the memory, and the at least one computer program is loaded and executed by the processor so that the electronic device implements the management method for virtual power plants participating in double-layer coupled transactions in the electricity carbon market as described in any one of claims 1 to 4.

10. A computer-readable storage medium, characterized in that: At least one computer program is stored in the computer-readable storage medium, and the at least one computer program is loaded and executed by the processor so that the computer-readable storage medium implements the management method for the virtual power plant participating in the double-layer coupled transaction in the electricity carbon market as described in any one of claims 1 to 4.

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