Flame retardant fabrics and garments

Abstract

The invention relates to a flame-retardant fabric comprising 35 to 55% by weight of modified polyacrylonitrile fibers, 25 to 45% by weight of cellulosic fibers, 10 to 25% by weight of polyamide fibers, 0.5 to 5% by weight of elastomeric fibers and 0.5 to 5% by weight of antistatic fibers, the fabric having a basis weight of 225 to 400 grams per square meter. The invention also relates to a flame-retardant garment made of the flame-retardant fabric according to the invention. The invention further relates to a method of manufacturing a flame retardant fabric comprising weaving or knitting a fabric according to the invention.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to an inherently flame resistant fabric and garments made from such fabric, and a method of making a flame resistant fabric. Background Art

[0002] Fire resistant fabrics and flame retardant fabrics are two different classes of materials. Each class has unique properties that make them advantageous for intense heat or open flame applications, but they use different mechanisms to achieve this. Fire resistant fabrics, also known as chemical flame retardant fabrics, are standard fabrics that have been treated with various flame retardant chemicals. These fabrics will burn, but at a much slower rate than untreated standard fabrics. Chemically treated fabrics have a certain lifespan and washing durability, and the fabric continues to lose its flame retardant and fire resistant properties with each wash.

[0003] Flame retardant fabrics are typically made from fibers that resist ignition when exposed to flame or heat for long periods of time. Due to this construction, they are also known as inherently flame retardant (IFR) fabrics. These fabrics will eventually begin to melt instead of burning. In IFR fabrics, the flame retardant (FR) properties provide continuous protection for the wearer, and the fibers maintain their FR properties throughout the life of the garment. The most important attributes for the wearer of flame retardant clothing are protection, comfort, and durability. The durability of the FR performance and physical properties of these fabrics is critical. IFR fabrics are typically made from a fiber blend that contains IFR fibers of different aromatic properties, FR cellulose, and modified polyacrylonitrile. Small amounts of non-FR fibers may also be incorporated to provide other properties without substantially adversely affecting the FR properties.

[0004] Until now, the FR performance of both chemically treated and IFR fabrics has been the focus, with little attention paid to the comfort and robustness of the fabric. Most chemically treated and IFR fabrics are heavy, have no stretch, and exhibit poor moisture management due to the presence of chemicals or fibers.

[0005] It would be desirable to provide a flame retardant fabric and garments made therefrom that have a combination of advantageous properties, such as high strength, stretchability, abrasion resistance, comfort and softness; provide a smooth and shiny feel, good air permeability and wicking and moisture transport properties, and wherein the fabric and garments made therefrom are dyeable, printable, industrially cleanable, and show controlled shrinkage. It would also be desirable to provide a coarser fabric and / or a fabric made from coarser yarn and garments made therefrom that show a combination of the above advantageous properties, particularly high strength, high abrasion resistance, comfort, softness and air permeability. It would also be desirable to provide a method of making such a fabric and garment. Summary of the invention

[0006] An object of the present invention is to provide an improved flame retardant fabric and garment. More particularly, an object of the present invention is to provide an inherently flame retardant fabric and garment, which has high strength, stretch, abrasion resistance, comfort, softness and breathability; good wicking and moisture transport properties; provides a smooth and shiny feel; and wherein the fabric and garment are dyeable, printable, industrially cleanable, and show controlled shrinkage. In particular, the present invention provides a flame retardant fabric and garments made from such fabrics, which exhibit high or improved strength properties, such as, for example, tensile strength and tear strength, high or improved stretch, abrasion resistance and / or pilling resistance, and wherein the fabric and garment are industrially cleanable.

[0007] Another object of the present invention is to provide a method of making flame retardant fabrics and garments having the above-mentioned combination of advantageous properties.

[0008] The present invention makes it possible to provide a comfortable, soft, flame retardant fabric and garment having a combination and balance of advantageous properties, such as, for example, high strength, abrasion resistance, stretchability, robustness and durability, so that the fabric moves substantially with the body and thereby provides a level of comfort for the wearer. The flame retardant fabric according to the present invention and garments made therefrom also exhibit excellent FR and IFR properties and performance. Thus, the present invention provides an improved flame retardant fabric and garments made therefrom, in particular, in harsh environments and for demanding and industrial and military applications.

[0009] Thus, in one aspect, the present invention relates to a flame retardant fabric comprising 35-55% by weight of modacrylic fibers, 25-45% by weight of cellulose fibers, 10-25% by weight of polyamide fibers, 1-5% by weight of elastomeric fibers and 0.5-5% by weight of antistatic fibers, wherein the fabric has a basis weight of 225 to 400 grams per square meter.

[0010] In another aspect, the present invention relates to a flame retardant garment made from a flame retardant fabric as defined above and herein.

[0011] In yet another aspect, the present invention relates to a method for making a flame retardant fabric, the method comprising forming the fabric from 35-55% by weight of modacrylic fiber, 25-45% by weight of cellulose fiber, 10-25% by weight of polyamide fiber, 1-5% by weight of elastomeric fiber and 0.5-5% by weight of antistatic fiber, wherein the fabric has a basis weight of 225 to 400 grams per square meter.

[0012] These and other objects and aspects of the present invention will be described in further detail below. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0013] The present invention relates to a flame retardant fabric and clothing made therefrom, including fibers and / or filament blends, the fibers and / or filament blends including modified polyacrylonitrile fibers, cellulose fibers, polyamide fibers, elastomeric fibers and antistatic fibers. The term "flame retardant fabric" as used herein refers to a protective layer that has been woven, knitted or otherwise combined using one or more different types of yarns, which is inherently flame retardant (or at least partially inherently flame retardant) or treated in fabric form to make it flame retardant (or at least partially flame retardant). The term "flame retardant" as used herein is also referred to as "FR" and may also be referred to as "flame resistant". The term "inherent flame retardant" as used herein is also referred to as "IFR" and may also be referred to as "inherent flame resistant".

[0014] The term "modacrylic fiber", also referred to as "modified acrylic fiber", as used herein, refers to a synthetic polyacrylonitrile fiber made from a polymer comprising acrylonitrile residues, preferably, predominantly acrylonitrile residues, e.g., a polymer having 35-85% by weight of acrylonitrile units, and which may be modified with other monomers. Modacrylic fibers can be spun from a wide range of acrylonitrile copolymers. Modacrylic fibers may contain residues of other monomers, including vinyl monomers, e.g., vinyl chloride, vinylidene chloride, vinyl bromide, and the like. The modacrylic fibers of the present invention may include modacrylic FR fibers. Examples of suitable modacrylic fibers include those sold under the names of PyroTex, Protex, e.g., Protex C, Protex M, and Protex Q, Kanekalon, Sef, and Panox.

[0015] The modacrylic fiber may be present in the flame retardant fabric of the present invention in an amount of 35%, or 38%, or 40% or 43% by weight to 48%, or 50%, or 53% or 55% by weight.

[0016] The cellulose fiber of the fabric of the present invention can be selected from natural and / or synthetic cellulose fibers. The example of suitable natural cellulose fibers includes cotton, flax, hemp, bast, flax, jute, hemp, ramie, bamboo, soybean and its blend. The example of suitable synthetic cellulose fibers includes rayon, lyocell, cellulose acetate, viscose and its blend. Cellulose fibers can be treated to make the fibers have hydrophobicity, hydrophilicity or oleophobicity. The example of suitable cellulose fibers includes those sold under the trade names Giza Cotton, Pima Cotton, Supima Cotton, Tencel, LenzingFR, Modal, Viscose and Visil. Preferably, the cellulose fiber of the present invention includes natural cellulose fibers, preferably cotton fibers, such as those sold under the trade names Giza Cotton, Pima Cotton and Supima Cotton.

[0017] Natural and synthetic cellulose fibers are generally not naturally flame resistant. In order to improve the FR properties of such fibers, one or more flame retardants may be incorporated into the fibers during the manufacturing process. Examples of suitable flame retardants include phosphorus and antimony compounds. However, for the purposes of the present invention, the cellulose fibers need not be flame resistant, and the cellulose fibers of the present invention may be selected from FR and / or non-FR cellulose fibers, preferably cotton.

[0018] Cellulosic fibers may be present in the flame retardant fabric of the present invention in an amount of 25%, or 28%, or 30% or 32% by weight to 35%, or 38%, or 40% or 45% by weight.

[0019] As used herein, the term "polyamide fiber", also known as "nylon fiber", refers to a fiber consisting essentially of a polyamide synthetic polymer. The polyamide fiber of the fabric of the present invention may be selected from polyamides including aromatic groups, for example, aromatic polyamide, para-aramid (p-aramid), meta-aramid (m-aramid) and para-phenylene terephthalamide. Examples of suitable polyamide fibers include those sold under the trade names Cordura, Kevlar, Nomex, Teijinconex, Twaron, Tecknora, Conex and Kermel.

[0020] The polyamide fiber may be present in the flame retardant fabric of the present invention in an amount of 10%, or 13%, or 15% or 17% by weight to 18%, or 20%, or 23% or 25% by weight.

[0021] The term "elastomeric fiber", also referred to as "elastomeric filament" and "elastic fiber" as used herein, refers to an elastomer or elastic polymer formed into a fiber or filament. Elastomeric fiber is a fiber with elastic ability, which generally has a very high elongation at break, and it recovers completely and quickly from the high elongation to its breaking point. The elastomeric fiber or filament of the fabric of the present invention can be made of an elastomeric polymer (e.g., polyurethane, polyurethane-polyurea copolymer, polysiloxane, fluoroelastomer, rubber, etc.) and a crosslinked polyolefin-based polymer. The elastomeric fiber of the present invention can be selected from FR-modified and / or non-FR elastomeric fibers. Examples of suitable elastomers or elastic fibers include those sold under the trade names XLANCE, XLA, Spandex, Lycra, Elastane, Polystretch, Buthane, Contro, Hi-Flex, Lactron, Lastex and Laton.

[0022] The elastomeric fiber may be present in the flame retardant fabric of the present invention in an amount ranging from 1% by weight or 2% by weight or 2.5% by weight to 3%, or 4% or 5% by weight.

[0023] The antistatic fibers of the fabric of the present invention can be used to reduce or eliminate static electricity on the surface of the fabric. The fibers can be conductive and can dissipate any static charge generated to ensure the safety of the grounded wearer or user of the clothing made of the fabric. Examples of suitable antistatic fibers include carbon fibers and synthetic fibers containing carbon or silver. The antistatic fibers can be selected from FR and / or non-FR antistatic fibers. Examples of suitable antistatic fibers include those sold under the trade names No-Shock and Bekinox.

[0024] The antistatic fiber may be present in the flame retardant fabric of the present invention in an amount of 0.5%, or 0.75%, or 1%, by weight to 2%, or 4%, or 5% by weight.

[0025] The flame retardant fabric of the present invention may also contain one or more other fibers, examples of which include antimicrobial fibers, polyester fibers, melamine fibers and other non-FR, FR and IFR fibers. Such one or more other fibers may be present in a minor amount.

[0026] The term "basis weight" as used herein refers to a measure of the weight of a finished fabric per unit area. Typical units include grams per square meter. The basis weight of the fabric of the present invention can be 225 grams, or 250 grams, or 275 grams, or 300 grams per square meter, to 325 grams, or 350 grams, or 375 grams, or 400 grams per square meter. The weight of a greige fabric, i.e., the weight of an unfinished woven, knitted, or otherwise combined fabric that has not yet been bleached or dyed, is typically at least 200 grams or at least 210 grams per square meter.

[0027] The flame retardant fabric of the present invention may include yarns with a certain yarn count, which is a numerical value indicating the coarseness or fineness of the yarn. The count also indicates the relationship between the weight and length of the yarn. Using the English yarn count represented as "S", where a higher count indicates a thinner yarn and a lower count indicates a thicker / coarser yarn, the flame retardant fabric of the present invention may include one or more yarns, and the one or more yarns have a coarseness or thickness of at least 12S, or at least 14S or at least 16S, to 18S, or 20S or 24S. Preferably, the indicated value of the yarn count refers to both the warp and the weft. Denier is the most commonly used SI-based (gram and meter) unit for measuring the coarseness of yarns, which is defined as the weight of the yarn in grams per 9000 meters of yarn. When the numerical values ​​of S mentioned are converted to denier (D), the flame retardant fabric of the present invention may comprise one or more yarns having a yarn thickness of at least 220D, or at least 270D, or at least 300D, or at least 350, to 400D or 450D. Preferably, the indicated denier values ​​refer to both warp and weft yarns.

[0028] The flame retardant fabric of the present invention may have anisotropic properties, i.e., different properties in different directions of the fabric, for example, in the xy coordinate plane, for example, different properties in the warp and weft directions, or different properties in the xyz coordinate plane, for example, different properties on the body side of the fabric and the face side of the fabric. This can be achieved by providing one or more warp yarns having a first fiber composition and one or more weft yarns having a second fiber composition different from the first fiber composition. The difference in fiber composition can be obtained by providing warp yarns and weft yarns containing the same fibers but different amounts and / or by providing warp yarns and weft yarns containing different fibers. This can also be achieved by providing a knitted flame retardant fabric having different properties on each side of the fabric, or a flame retardant composite fabric having two or more layers of flame retardant fabrics having different properties.

[0029] The flame retardant fabric of the present invention can be a woven fabric, a knitted fabric or a fabric combined in other ways, preferably a woven fabric. The woven flame retardant fabric of the present invention may include one or more warp yarns and one or more weft yarns. The flame retardant fabric of the present invention may include one or more warp yarns including modified polyacrylonitrile fibers, cellulose fibers, polyamide fibers, elastomer fibers and antistatic fibers, suitably, it includes one or more warp yarns including modified polyacrylonitrile fibers, cellulose fibers, polyamide fibers and antistatic fibers, and preferably, the one or more warp yarns do not include or substantially do not include elastomer fibers. The flame retardant fabric of the present invention may include one or more weft yarns including modified polyacrylonitrile fibers, cellulose fibers, polyamide fibers, elastomer fibers and antistatic fibers, suitably, it includes one or more weft yarns including modified polyacrylonitrile fibers, cellulose fibers, polyamide fibers and elastomer fibers, and preferably, the one or more weft yarns do not include or substantially do not include antistatic fibers.

[0030] Examples of woven flame retardant fabrics of the present invention include twill fabrics (2x1, 3x1, etc.), satin fabrics (4x1, 5x1, etc.), plain fabrics and denim weaves. Preferably, the fabric is a satin fabric. Examples of knitted flame retardant fabrics or knitted fabrics of the present invention include single and double knits, for example, jersey, Swiss pique and interlock.

[0031] The flame retardant fabric of the present invention shows excellent strength properties, including tensile and tear strength. According to ISO 13934, the tensile strength in the warp direction can be at least 900N (Newton), or at least 1000N or at least 1050N, and it can be up to 1200N or 1250N, and / or the tensile strength in the weft direction can be at least 250N, or at least 300N or at least 350N, and it is usually up to 450N or 500N. According to ISO13937-1, the tear strength can be at least 60N, or at least 70N or at least 80N on the warp side, and / or the tear strength can be at least 60N, or at least 70N or at least 80N on the weft side. These values ​​prove the robustness of flame retardant fabrics in harsh environments.

[0032] Wear or abrasion may initially only affect the appearance, but may eventually lead to the destruction of the fabric. Abrasion-resistant fabrics resist surface wear from friction, extend the life of the fabric's garment, and protect the person wearing it. According to ISO 12947, the flame retardant fabric of the present invention exhibits excellent abrasion resistance and can withstand at least 160,000, or at least 180,000, or at least 200,000 abrasion cycles. According to ISO 12945, the flame retardant fabric of the present invention can have a pilling rating of up to 2-3, or 3-4, or 4-5 after 5000 cycles.

[0033] The flame retardant fabric of the present invention may be a flame retardant composite fabric. As used herein, the term "flame retardant composite fabric" refers to a composite fabric produced by combining two or more layers of flame retardant fabric together without sewing, stitching, quilting or other processes that utilize stitching or interweaving yarns to combine two or more fabric layers. The two or more layers of the flame retardant fabric are suitably woven and / or knitted, preferably, woven fabrics.

[0034] The flame retardant fabric of the present invention shows excellent performance, including FR performance. For example, the fabric meets the EN ISO 11612 standard, which measures the performance of fabrics from heat and flame. The fabric has passed the requirements of A1A2B1C1D2E2F1 level. The fabric also meets the requirements of Class 1 of EN ISO 11611 certification, which calculates the performance of fabrics used for welding and related processes. The fabric also meets EN 61 482-1-1, which measures protection against arc thermal hazards. The EBT value is 9, where ELIM is 7.2. Further, the fabric has passed EN-13034 and EN-1149-3 standard certifications, which are important certifications for protective fabrics. The fabric is industrially washable and meets the requirements of ISO 15797, where the washing temperature is 75 degrees Celsius. Further, the fabric meets the requirements of Class II of Oeko-Tex, and is therefore tested and certified for harmful substances and approved for direct contact with the skin. Finally, the fabric exhibits a controlled shrinkage of + / - 3% in both the warp and weft directions, which means it is highly stable to washing and dimensionally stable.

[0035] The invention further relates to a flame retardant garment made from the flame retardant fabric of the invention as defined herein. Examples of suitable flame retardant garments include shirts, jackets, trousers, coveralls, uniforms, including for military or industrial applications.

[0036] The present invention further relates to a method of making a flame retardant fabric, the method comprising making a fabric from 35-55% by weight of modacrylic fibers, 25-45% by weight of cellulose fibers, 10-25% by weight of polyamide fibers, 1-5% by weight of elastomeric fibers and 0.5-5% by weight of antistatic fibers, wherein the fabric has a basis weight of 225 to 400 grams per square meter. The method may comprise weaving, knitting or otherwise combining the fabric from the fibers and amounts defined herein.

[0037] In a preferred embodiment, the method comprises:

[0038] - providing one or more warp yarns, the one or more warp yarns comprising modacrylic fibers, cellulose fibers, polyamide fibers and antistatic fibers, preferably the one or more warp yarns do not comprise or substantially do not comprise elastomeric fibers,

[0039] - providing one or more weft yarns, the one or more weft yarns comprising modacrylic fibers, cellulose fibers, polyamide fibers and elastomeric fibers, preferably the one or more weft yarns do not comprise or substantially do not comprise antistatic fibers,

[0040] - weaving the one or more warp yarns and the one or more weft yarns to form a woven fabric,

[0041] wherein the obtained fabric comprises 35-55% by weight of modacrylic fibers, 25-40% by weight of cellulose fibers, 10-25% by weight of polyamide fibers, 0.5-5% by weight of elastic fibers and 0.5-5% by weight of antistatic fibers, and wherein the weight of the fabric is 250 to 350 grams per square meter. The flame retardant fabric may comprise the fibers and amounts defined herein.

[0042] The yarn may be formed in a conventional manner known in the art. The yarn may be a textile yarn, for example, an air-jet spun yarn, and may include a single yarn or two or more individual yarns twisted or otherwise combined together. Preferably, the fibers are blended at the weaving stage to provide a uniform and homogeneous fiber distribution in the yarn and ultimately in the fabric.

[0043] In a typical weaving method according to the present invention, the fibers on the front side of the fabric will mainly include warp yarns, and the fibers on the back side of the fabric will mainly include weft yarns. The fabric can be constructed with warp yarns and weft yarns in a variety of ways, for example, twill weaves (2x1, 3x1, etc.) and satin weaves (4x1, 5x1, etc.), which are well known in the art.

[0044] In a typical knitting method according to the present invention, a double knit-circular machine is used. These machines have two needles, a dial needle and a cylinder needle, which work together to form a double knit fabric. When used to make the fabric of the present invention, a different yarn can be used in each of the dial needle and the cylinder needle so that the two yarns are inter-stitched with one yarn being predominantly exposed on one side of the knitted fabric and the other yarn being predominantly exposed on the other side of the fabric.

[0045] Dyeing and printing of fabrics may be carried out according to standard methods, all of which are known in the art.

[0046] Example

[0047] The present invention is further illustrated in the following examples, which are, however, not intended to limit the present invention. Unless otherwise indicated, parts and % refer to parts by weight and % by weight, respectively, and all suspensions are aqueous.

[0048] Example 1

[0049] This example illustrates the manufacture of a flame retardant fabric according to the invention.

[0050] The flame retardant fabric is made of fibers including 45% by weight of modified polyacrylonitrile fiber (Protex), 33% by weight of natural cellulose fiber (Giza Cotton), 18% by weight of polyamide fiber (Cordura), 3% of elastomer fiber (XLANCE), 1% of antistatic fiber (No-Shock, Ascend).

[0051] The fibers of the warp and weft yarns are blended at the weaving stage to obtain a uniform and homogeneous distribution of the fibers in the fabric. The fibers are spun into yarn using conventional methods known in the art. The warp yarns consist of modified polyacrylonitrile fibers, cellulose fibers, polyamide fibers and antistatic fibers. The weft yarns consist of modified polyacrylonitrile fibers, cellulose fibers, polyamide fibers and elastic fibers. Both the warp and weft yarns have a thickness of 14S, corresponding to approximately 384D. The fabric is manufactured by weaving a single warp yarn and a single weft yarn using conventional methods known in the art. The flame retardant fabric obtained shows the following results and characteristics:

[0052]

[0053] As is apparent from the above values ​​and results, the flame retardant fabric of the present invention shows excellent characteristics and performances.

Claims

1. A flame retardant fabric comprising 35-55% by weight of modified polyacrylonitrile fiber, 25-45% by weight of cellulose fiber, 10-25% by weight of polyamide fiber, 0.5-5% by weight of elastomeric fiber and 0.5-5% by weight of antistatic fiber, wherein: The fabric has a basis weight of 225 to 400 grams per square meter.

2. The flame retardant fabric according to claim 1, wherein: The fabric comprises the modacrylic fiber in an amount of 35%, or 38%, or 40% or 43%, to 48%, or 50%, or 53% or 55% by weight, preferably, the modacrylic fiber is an acrylonitrile copolymer.

3. The flame retardant fabric according to any one of claims 1 and 2, wherein: The fabric comprises said cellulosic fibres in an amount of 25%, or 28%, or 30% or 32% by weight to 35%, or 38%, or 40% or 45% by weight, preferably said cellulosic fibres are cotton.

4. A flame retardant fabric according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein: The fabric comprises the polyamide fibers in an amount of 10%, or 13%, or 15% or 17%, to 18%, or 20%, or 23% or 25% by weight, preferably the polyamide fibers comprise aromatic groups.

5. A flame retardant fabric according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein: The fabric comprises the elastomeric fibers in an amount of 1% by weight or 2% by weight or 2.5% by weight to 3% by weight, or 4% or 5% by weight.

6. A flame retardant fabric according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein: The fabric comprises the antistatic fiber in an amount of 0.5%, or 0.75% or 1%, to 2%, or 4% or 5% by weight.

7. A flame retardant fabric according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein: The fabric has a basis weight of 225 g, or 250 g, or 275 g, or 300 g, to 325 g, or 350 g, or 375 g, or 400 g per square meter.

8. A flame retardant fabric according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein: The fabric is a woven fabric, a knitted fabric, a composite fabric or a fabric combined in other ways, preferably a woven fabric.

9. A flame retardant fabric according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein: The fabric has anisotropic properties, preferably, the fabric has different properties in the xy coordinate plane, or has different properties in the xyz coordinate plane.

10. A flame retardant fabric according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein The fabric comprises one or more warp yarns, the one or more warp yarns comprising modacrylic fibers, cellulosic fibers, polyamide fibers and antistatic fibers, preferably, the one or more warp yarns do not comprise or substantially do not comprise elastomeric fibers.

11. A flame retardant fabric according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein The fabric comprises one or more weft yarns, the one or more weft yarns comprising modacrylic fibers, cellulosic fibers, polyamide fibers and elastomeric fibers, preferably, the one or more weft yarns do not comprise or substantially do not comprise antistatic fibers.

12. A flame retardant fabric according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein: The fabric has a tensile strength of at least 900N, or at least 1000N or at least 1050N in the warp direction, and / or a tensile strength of at least 250N, or at least 300N or at least 350N in the weft direction, and / or a tear strength of at least 60N, or at least 70N or at least 80N on the warp side, and / or a tear strength of at least 60N, or at least 70N or at least 80N on the weft side, preferably, the tensile strength in the warp direction is at least 900N and the tensile strength in the weft direction is at least 250N, more preferably, the tensile strength in the warp direction is at least 1000N and the tensile strength in the weft direction is at least 300N.

13. A flame retardant fabric according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein: The fabric comprises one or more yarns having a yarn thickness of at least 220D, or at least 270D, or at least 300D, or at least 350, to 400D or 450D, preferably, the warp yarn has a thickness of at least 220D, or at least 270D, or at least 300D, or at least 350, to 400D or 450D, and / or the weft yarn has a thickness of at least 220D, or at least 270D, or at least 300D, or at least 350, to 400D or 450D.

14. A flame retardant fabric according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein The fabric comprises one or more yarns having a thickness of at least 12S, or at least 14S or at least 16S, to 18S, or 20S or 24S, preferably, the warp yarns have a thickness of at least 12S, or at least 14S or at least 16S, to 18S, or 20S or 24S, and / or the weft yarns have a thickness of at least 12S, or at least 14S or at least 16S, to 18S, or 20S or 24S.

15. A flame retardant fabric according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein The fabric comprises yarn, The yarn has a yarn thickness of at least 270D, or at least 300D or at least 350D, to 400D or 450D, preferably, the yarn thickness relates to both the warp yarns and the weft yarns.

16. A flame retardant garment, made of the flame retardant fabric according to any one of claims 1 to 15.

17. A method for manufacturing a flame retardant fabric, comprising weaving or knitting the fabric according to any one of claims 1 to 15, preferably, the method comprises providing one or more warp yarns, providing one or more weft yarns and weaving the one or more warp yarns and the one or more weft yarns to form a fabric.

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