High-quality and high-yield planting method for selenium-rich and zinc-rich grains and special fertilizer

Abstract

The invention discloses a high-quality and high-yield planting method for selenium-rich and zinc-rich grains and a special fertilizer. The method comprises the following steps: preparing soil, and improving the soil according to a soil detection result; seed treatment: screening the grain seeds, and treating the screened seeds; sowing: sowing by adopting a proper sowing mode; fertilization management, wherein topdressing is conducted in a specific period in the grain growth process; irrigation management: carrying out irrigation management; pest and disease control, wherein pest and disease control is conducted in multiple modes; harvesting, wherein grains are harvested in a proper harvesting mode. According to the special fertilizer, the organic selenium source and the organic zinc source are adopted, the humic acid is added, the organic selenium source and the organic zinc source are not prone to being fixed by soil, and the humic acid can improve the soil structure and increase the water and fertilizer retention capacity, so that the effectiveness of selenium and zinc elements in the fertilizer is improved, fertilizer waste is reduced, meanwhile, the soil environment is improved, nutrient absorption of cereals is facilitated, and the quality of the cereals is improved. The selenium and zinc contents of grains are improved, and the quality of the grains is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the field of agricultural planting, and in particular to a high-quality and high-yield planting method for selenium- and zinc-rich grains and a special fertilizer. Background Art

[0002] Cereals are an important food source for humans and occupy an indispensable position in people's daily diet. With the improvement of people's living standards and the emphasis on health, cereals rich in beneficial trace elements have received more and more attention. Selenium and zinc are essential trace elements for the human body and play an important role in the human immune system, antioxidant function, growth and development. Selenium and zinc-rich cereals can not only improve the nutritional value of the cereals themselves, but also meet people's demand for healthy food.

[0003] At present, there have been some relevant technical explorations in the cultivation of selenium- and zinc-rich cereals. For example, some traditional planting methods increase the selenium and zinc content in cereals by adding inorganic selenium (such as sodium selenite) and inorganic zinc (such as zinc sulfate) to the soil. At the same time, in terms of fertilization, some adopt strip fertilization, concentrate the fertilizer in the ditch, and then cover the soil. In terms of soil management, some technologies simply carry out watering and pest control based on experience, lacking systematic soil fertility maintenance and precise crop growth demand matching measures.

[0004] For example, inorganic selenium and inorganic zinc have poor stability in the soil and are easily fixed or oxidized by the soil, resulting in low bioavailability. This makes the absorption efficiency of selenium and zinc by grains low, making it difficult to achieve the ideal selenium and zinc enrichment effect.

[0005] Management measures such as watering and pest control based on experience are not precise enough to meet the special needs of grains for water, nutrients and pest control at different growth stages. For example, during the critical period of grain growth, insufficient or excessive water supply will affect its growth and development, and simple empirical irrigation is difficult to achieve precise control. Summary of the invention

[0006] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a high-quality and high-yield planting method and special fertilizer for selenium- and zinc-rich grains, so as to solve the problems raised in the above-mentioned background technology.

[0007] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

[0008] A high-quality and high-yield planting method for selenium-rich and zinc-rich grains comprises the following steps:

[0009] Step S1, soil preparation, testing the soil in the planting area before planting, testing the relevant properties of the soil, and improving the soil according to the soil test results;

[0010] Step S2, seed processing, screening the grain seeds and processing the screened seeds;

[0011] Step S3, sowing, determining the sowing time according to local conditions and adopting an appropriate sowing method for sowing;

[0012] Step S4, fertilization management, applying base fertilizer before sowing and topdressing at a specific period during the growth of grains;

[0013] Step S5, irrigation management, performing irrigation management according to soil and grain growth requirements;

[0014] Step S6, pest control, using a variety of methods to control pests;

[0015] Step S7, harvesting, determining a suitable harvesting time and using a suitable harvesting method to harvest the grains.

[0016] In the present invention, in step S1, the soil test is carried out on the soil of the planting area one month before planting, and the test contents include soil pH, organic matter content, selenium content, zinc content, and nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium content; the soil improvement is based on the soil test results, if the soil pH is not within the range of 6 to 7.5, when the soil is acidic, lime is added to increase the pH value, and when the soil is alkaline, sulfur powder is added to reduce the pH value; if the soil organic matter content is less than 2%, organic materials are added, wherein 2 to 3 tons of decomposed farmyard manure per mu or 1 to 2 tons of commercial organic fertilizer per mu.

[0017] In the present invention, in step S2, the seed screening is to select full, pest-free grain seeds; the seed treatment operation is to coat the seeds with a seed coating agent containing a biological agent and trace elements of selenium and zinc, wherein the biological agent includes rhizobia and bacillus; the content of the biological agent in the seed coating agent is 1×10 5 -1×10 6 A living bacteria.

[0018] In the present invention, in step S3, the sowing time is determined according to local climatic conditions and grain growth habits, and spring-sown grains are sown when the soil temperature is stable at 10-12°C; the suitable sowing method is to adopt a wide-narrow row sowing method, with a wide row of 40-50 cm, a narrow row of 20-30 cm, and a plant spacing of 10-15 cm.

[0019] In the present invention, in the step S4, the base fertilizer is applied before sowing, the special fertilizer is evenly spread on the soil surface, and then the soil is ploughed to fully mix the fertilizer and the soil, and the fertilizer application amount is 30-50 kg per mu; the topdressing is applied during the jointing stage of the grains. If the plant growth is weak, 5-10 kg of urea is applied per mu; during the booting stage, a compound fertilizer containing phosphorus, potassium and a small amount of selenium and zinc is applied, wherein the compound fertilizer is a mixture of potassium dihydrogen phosphate and a micro-fertilizer containing selenium and zinc, and the amount is 10-15 kg per mu; in the compound fertilizer containing phosphorus, potassium and a small amount of selenium and zinc, the selenium content is 0.05%-0.1%, and the zinc content is 0.5%-1%.

[0020] In the present invention, in step S5, the irrigation management according to the soil and grain growth requirements is to determine the irrigation amount and frequency according to the soil moisture conditions and the grain growth stage, keep the soil moist from sowing to emergence, adopt a small amount and multiple irrigation method, appropriately increase the irrigation amount during the grain jointing stage and heading stage, and reduce the irrigation amount during the maturity stage.

[0021] In the present invention, in step S6, the pests and diseases are controlled in a variety of ways, including agricultural control, biological control and chemical control; the agricultural control is to adopt crop rotation and intercropping measures, crop rotation with leguminous crops, and intercropping plants with insect repellent effects; the biological control is to release natural enemy insects in the field and use beneficial microorganisms for control, wherein Trichogramma is released to control borers, and Bacillus thuringiensis is used to control lepidopteran pests; the chemical control is to use low-toxic and high-efficiency chemical pesticides when the pests and diseases are serious, strictly follow the instructions for use of the pesticides, and control the application amount and safe interval; the plant with insect repellent effect is mint.

[0022] In the present invention, in step S7, the appropriate harvesting time is determined to be when the grains reach physiological maturity, the grains are full and the color is normal; the appropriate harvesting method is mechanized harvesting, and timely drying or drying after harvesting to make the moisture content of the grains reach 12% to 14%.

[0023] A special fertilizer consisting of the following ingredients:

[0024] Selenium yeast, calculated as selenium, the content is 0.1% to 0.2%;

[0025] Amino acid chelated zinc, calculated as zinc, the content is 1% to 2%;

[0026] Humic acid, content of 10% to 15%;

[0027] Nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizers;

[0028] Among them, nitrogen:phosphorus:potassium = 15:15:15, and the rest is nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer.

[0029] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0030] 1. The present invention aims at the problem of low nutrient effectiveness of fertilizers in the prior art. The special fertilizer of the present invention adopts an organic selenium source and an organic zinc source, and adds humic acid. The organic selenium source and the zinc source are not easily fixed by the soil. Humic acid can improve the soil structure and increase the water and fertilizer retention capacity, thereby improving the effectiveness of selenium and zinc elements in the fertilizer and reducing fertilizer waste. At the same time, it improves the soil environment, helps grains absorb nutrients, increases the selenium and zinc content of grains, and thus improves the quality of grains.

[0031] 2. The present invention manages the whole process from soil preparation, seed treatment to harvesting in a meticulous manner, such as testing and improvement in the soil preparation stage, determining the appropriate time and method for sowing, fertilization management is divided into basal fertilizer and topdressing, and the type and amount of fertilizer are determined according to the growth stage, and irrigation management determines the irrigation amount and frequency according to the soil moisture and growth stage. Through the meticulous management of the whole process, it is ensured that the grains are in suitable growth conditions at each growth stage, the grain yield is increased, and the quality of the grains is ensured to be stable, achieving the goal of high quality and high yield. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0032] Figure 1 The present invention is a schematic flow chart of a method for high-quality and high-yield planting of selenium-rich and zinc-rich grains. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0033] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0034] See also Figure 1 , the present invention provides a technical solution:

[0035] A high-quality and high-yield planting method for selenium-rich and zinc-rich grains comprises the following steps:

[0036] Step S1, soil preparation, testing the soil in the planting area before planting, testing the relevant properties of the soil, and improving the soil according to the soil test results;

[0037] Step S2, seed processing, screening the grain seeds and processing the screened seeds;

[0038] Step S3, sowing, determining the sowing time according to local conditions and adopting an appropriate sowing method for sowing;

[0039] Step S4, fertilization management, applying base fertilizer before sowing and topdressing at a specific period during the growth of grains;

[0040] Step S5, irrigation management, performing irrigation management according to soil and grain growth requirements;

[0041] Step S6, pest control, using a variety of methods to control pests;

[0042] Step S7, harvesting, determining a suitable harvesting time and using a suitable harvesting method to harvest the grains.

[0043] In the present invention, soil testing is carried out on the soil of the planting area one month before planting, and the testing contents include soil pH, organic matter content, selenium content, zinc content, and nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium content; soil improvement is based on the soil testing result, if the soil pH is not within the range of 6-7.5, when the soil is acidic, lime is added to increase the pH value, and when the soil is alkaline, sulfur powder is added to reduce the pH value; if the soil organic matter content is lower than 2%, organic materials are added, wherein 2-3 tons of decomposed farmyard manure per mu or 1-2 tons of commercial organic fertilizer per mu.

[0044] In this step, the soil is tested before planting in order to fully understand the basic conditions of the soil. The pH of the soil affects the efficiency of nutrient absorption by grains. For example, in acidic soils, some nutrients will be fixed and difficult to be absorbed by plants, while alkaline soils will reduce the effectiveness of certain trace elements. The organic matter content reflects the level of soil fertility and is the material basis for soil microbial activity. Testing of selenium and zinc content helps determine whether additional supplementation of these elements is needed to achieve the goal of planting selenium-rich and zinc-rich grains. Testing of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium content is for reasonable fertilization, because these three elements are essential macroelements for plant growth, and different initial soil contents determine the amount of fertilizer to be applied.

[0045] Specifically, the purpose of making improvements based on soil test results is to create a soil environment more suitable for grain growth. When the soil pH is not in the appropriate range of 6 to 7.5, the physical and chemical properties of the soil will change, affecting the growth of crop roots and nutrient absorption. For example, adding lime to acidic soil increases the pH value because alkaline substances such as calcium hydroxide in lime can neutralize soil acidity, improve soil structure, and increase the effectiveness of nutrients such as phosphorus in the soil; adding sulfur powder to alkaline soil reduces the pH value. After sulfur powder is oxidized by microorganisms in the soil, it produces acidic substances, thereby regulating the soil pH. When the soil organic matter content is low, adding decomposed farmyard manure or commercial organic fertilizer can increase the humus in the soil, improve the soil structure, and improve the soil's ability to retain water and fertilizer. At the same time, it provides a carbon source for soil microorganisms and promotes microbial activity. The metabolic activity of microorganisms can further decompose organic materials and release nutrients that can be absorbed by plants.

[0046] In the present invention, seed screening is to select full, pest-free grain seeds; seed treatment operation is to coat the seeds with a seed coating agent containing biological agents and trace elements of selenium and zinc, wherein the biological agents include rhizobia and bacillus; the content of the biological agents in the seed coating agent is 1×10 5 -1×10 6 A living bacteria.

[0047] In this step, plump, disease-free grain seeds are selected because plump seeds usually contain more nutrients, which can provide sufficient energy and nutrients for seed germination and early seedling growth. Disease-free seeds can avoid bringing pathogens and pests into the soil, reduce the initial infection source of diseases and pests in the field, thereby reducing the possibility of disease and pest occurrence and laying the foundation for healthy crop growth in the later stage.

[0048] Specifically, using a seed coating agent containing biological agents and trace elements of selenium and zinc to coat seeds has multiple effects. Rhizobia and other bacteria in biological agents can form a symbiotic relationship with the roots of grains. For example, rhizobia can fix nitrogen in the air, provide a nitrogen source for grain growth, and reduce the amount of nitrogen fertilizer applied. Beneficial microorganisms such as Bacillus can inhibit the growth of pathogens in the soil and play a role in biological control. Trace elements selenium and zinc are essential nutrients for the growth and development of grains. Selenium can improve the antioxidant capacity of grains and enhance the resistance of grains to adversity. It is also a key element for achieving selenium-rich grains; zinc participates in the synthesis and physiological processes of various enzymes in plants, and has an important influence on the growth, development, yield and quality of grains. Seed coating can enable these beneficial ingredients to begin to play a role when seeds germinate, improving the germination rate of seeds and the health of seedlings.

[0049] In the present invention, the sowing time is determined according to the local climate conditions and the growth habits of the grains, and the spring sowing grains are sown when the soil temperature is stabilized at 10-12°C; the appropriate sowing method is to adopt a wide-narrow row sowing method, with a wide row of 40-50 cm, a narrow row of 20-30 cm, and a plant spacing of 10-15 cm.

[0050] In this step, the sowing time is determined according to local climatic conditions and grain growth habits to ensure that the grains germinate and grow in the most suitable environment. For spring-sown grains, sowing is done when the soil temperature is stable at 10-12°C, because this temperature range is conducive to the germination of grain seeds. If the temperature is too low, the seeds germinate slowly and are easily infected by pathogens in the soil; if the temperature is too high, the seeds may lose water too quickly, affecting the germination rate. At the same time, under different climatic conditions, factors such as precipitation and light will also affect the choice of sowing time. The right sowing time can match the growth cycle of grains with local climatic conditions, make full use of natural resources, and improve yield and quality.

[0051] Specifically, the wide and narrow row sowing method is adopted, with a wide row of 40 to 50 cm, a narrow row of 20 to 30 cm, and a plant spacing of 10 to 15 cm. This sowing method has many advantages. The wide and narrow row layout can improve the ventilation and light transmission conditions in the field, increase the light intensity and air circulation in the crop canopy, which is conducive to improving the efficiency of photosynthesis and making the plants grow strong. The larger space between wide rows facilitates field management operations, such as fertilization, irrigation, and pest control. Reasonable plant spacing can ensure that each grain has enough growth space, avoid excessive competition for nutrients, water and light between plants, thereby improving the growth quality of individual plants and then increasing the yield per unit area.

[0052] In the present invention, the application of basal fertilizer is before sowing, the special fertilizer is evenly spread on the soil surface, and then the soil is ploughed to fully mix the fertilizer with the soil, and the fertilizer application amount is 30-50 kg per mu; the topdressing is in the jointing stage of grains, if the plant growth is weak, 5-10 kg of urea is applied per mu; in the booting stage, a compound fertilizer containing phosphorus, potassium and a small amount of selenium and zinc is applied, wherein potassium dihydrogen phosphate and a micro-fertilizer containing selenium and zinc are mixed, and the amount is 10-15 kg per mu; in the compound fertilizer containing phosphorus, potassium and a small amount of selenium and zinc, the selenium content is 0.05%-0.1%, and the zinc content is 0.5%-1%.

[0053] In this step, the application of basal fertilizer before sowing is to provide a long-term nutrient supply for grain growth. Spread the special fertilizer evenly on the soil surface and then plow it to fully mix the fertilizer with the soil, so that the fertilizer can be evenly distributed in the soil, which is convenient for the roots of the grains to fully absorb during the growth process. The selenium source, zinc source, soil improvement materials and nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizers in the special fertilizer work together to provide comprehensive nutrition for grain growth. Selenium and zinc elements help improve the quality of grains and make them rich in selenium and zinc; soil improvement materials can improve soil structure and increase soil fertility; nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium are macroelements for plant growth. The nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizers in the basal fertilizer provide necessary nutrients for the early growth of grains, promote root growth, plant tillering and other physiological processes, and lay the foundation for later growth and development.

[0054] Specifically, topdressing during the jointing and booting stages of grains is because these two periods are critical periods for the growth and development of grains, and the demand for nutrients is relatively large. During the jointing stage, if the plant growth is weak, topdressing with urea can promote the growth of the plant stems, increase the strength and height of the stems, and provide support for the later development of the ear. During the booting stage, topdressing with compound fertilizers containing phosphorus, potassium, and a small amount of selenium and zinc is applied. Phosphorus helps promote the differentiation and development of the grain ear and increase the number of grains per ear; potassium can improve the plant's resistance to stress, such as lodging resistance, and promote the transportation and accumulation of photosynthetic products to the ear; selenium and zinc further improve the quality of the grains and ensure the effect of selenium and zinc enrichment.

[0055] In the present invention, irrigation management is carried out according to the soil and grain growth requirements, that is, the irrigation amount and frequency are determined according to the soil moisture conditions and the grain growth stage, the soil is kept moist from sowing to emergence, a small amount of multiple irrigations is adopted, the irrigation amount is appropriately increased during the jointing stage and the heading stage of the grain, and the irrigation amount is reduced during the maturity stage.

[0056] In this step, the irrigation amount and frequency are determined according to the soil moisture and the grain growth stage to meet the water needs of grains in different growth periods. Keep the soil moist from sowing to emergence, and use a small amount of multiple irrigations. This is because sufficient water is needed for seed germination during this period, but excessive soil moisture can also cause seed hypoxia and affect germination. A small amount of multiple irrigations can maintain suitable soil humidity, which is conducive to seed germination and seedling emergence. Appropriately increase the amount of irrigation during the jointing and heading stages of grains. This is because these two periods are the periods of vigorous growth of grains, the transpiration of the plants is strong, and more water is needed to maintain physiological activities. Adequate water supply can promote stem growth and ear development. Reduce the amount of irrigation during the maturity period to prevent excessive water from causing grain lodging and affecting quality. Appropriate drought can promote the maturity of grain grains and the accumulation of dry matter.

[0057] In the present invention, various methods are adopted to prevent and control pests and diseases, including agricultural prevention and control, biological prevention and control and chemical prevention and control; agricultural prevention and control is to adopt crop rotation and intercropping measures, crop rotation with leguminous crops, and intercropping plants with insect repellent effect; biological prevention and control is to release natural enemy insects in the field and use beneficial microorganisms for prevention and control, among which trichogrammatids are released to prevent and control stem borers, and bacillus thuringiensis is used to prevent and control lepidopteran pests; chemical prevention and control is to use low-toxic and high-efficiency chemical pesticides when the pests and diseases are serious, strictly follow the instructions for use of the pesticides, and control the application amount and safe interval; the plant with insect repellent effect is mint.

[0058] In this step, first of all, the use of crop rotation and intercropping measures for agricultural prevention and control is based on multiple principles. Crop rotation with leguminous crops, the rhizobia in the roots of leguminous crops can fix nitrogen in the air and increase soil fertility. At the same time, crop rotation can change the ecological environment of pests and diseases in the field and break the survival cycle of pests and diseases. Intercropping with plants that have insect repellent effects, such as intercropping mint, the volatile substances in mint can repel some pests and reduce pest damage to grains. At the same time, intercropping plants can increase field biodiversity, improve field microclimate, and be beneficial to grain growth.

[0059] Secondly, releasing natural enemy insects in the field and using beneficial microorganisms for biological control is an eco-friendly pest control method. Releasing trichogrammatids to control stem borers will lay eggs inside the eggs of stem borers, thereby inhibiting the reproduction of stem borers; using Bacillus thuringiensis to control lepidopteran pests will produce toxins in the insect intestines, causing the insects to die of poisoning. This biological control method will not pollute the environment, and will not leave harmful substances on grains like chemical pesticides. At the same time, it can effectively control the occurrence of pests and diseases in the long term and protect the ecological balance of the field.

[0060] Furthermore, when pests and diseases are serious, low-toxic and highly effective chemical pesticides are used as a supplementary means when other prevention and control methods are difficult to control pests and diseases. Strictly following the instructions for use of pesticides, controlling the application amount and safe interval period can effectively control pests and diseases while reducing the amount of pesticide residues on grains and reducing harm to the environment and human health.

[0061] In the present invention, the appropriate harvesting time is determined to be when the grains reach physiological maturity, the grains are full and the color is normal; the appropriate harvesting method is mechanized harvesting, and timely drying or drying after harvesting to make the moisture content of the grains reach 12% to 14%.

[0062] In this step, the grains are harvested when they reach physiological maturity, the grains are full and the color is normal in order to ensure the yield and quality of the grains. If the harvest is too early and the grains are not fully mature, it will lead to low thousand-grain weight, reduced yield and poor quality; if the harvest is too late, the grains may fall and fall over, which will also affect the yield and quality. Mechanized harvesting can improve harvesting efficiency and reduce labor costs. After harvesting, the grains should be dried in time to make the moisture content reach 12% to 14%. This is to facilitate the storage of the grains and prevent them from becoming moldy and deteriorating due to excessive moisture content during storage.

[0063] A special fertilizer consisting of the following ingredients:

[0064] Selenium yeast, calculated as selenium, the content is 0.1% to 0.2%;

[0065] Amino acid chelated zinc, calculated as zinc, the content is 1% to 2%;

[0066] Humic acid, content of 10% to 15%;

[0067] Nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizers;

[0068] Among them, nitrogen:phosphorus:potassium = 15:15:15, and the rest is nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer.

[0069] It should be noted that, in this article, relational terms such as first and second, etc. are only used to distinguish one entity or operation from another entity or operation, and do not necessarily require or imply any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Moreover, the terms "include", "comprise" or any other variants thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, so that a process, method, article or device including a series of elements includes not only those elements, but also other elements not explicitly listed, or also includes elements inherent to such process, method, article or device.

[0070] Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and variations may be made to the embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the present invention, and that the scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A high-quality and high-yield planting method for selenium-rich and zinc-rich grains, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Step S1, soil preparation, testing the soil in the planting area before planting, testing the relevant properties of the soil, and improving the soil according to the soil test results; Step S2, seed processing, screening the grain seeds and processing the screened seeds; Step S3, sowing, determining the sowing time according to local conditions and adopting an appropriate sowing method for sowing; Step S4, fertilization management, applying base fertilizer before sowing and topdressing at a specific period during the growth of grains; Step S5, irrigation management, performing irrigation management according to soil and grain growth requirements; Step S6, pest control, using a variety of methods to control pests; Step S7, harvesting, determining a suitable harvesting time and using a suitable harvesting method to harvest the grains.

2. A high-quality and high-yield planting method for selenium-rich and zinc-rich grains according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S1, the soil test is carried out on the soil of the planting area one month before planting, and the test contents include soil pH, organic matter content, selenium content, zinc content, and nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium content; the soil improvement is based on the soil test results. If the soil pH is not within the range of 6 to 7.5, lime is added to increase the pH value when the soil is acidic, and sulfur powder is added to reduce the pH value when the soil is alkaline; if the soil organic matter content is less than 2%, organic materials are added, including 2 to 3 tons of decomposed farmyard manure per mu or 1 to 2 tons of commercial organic fertilizer per mu.

3. A high-quality and high-yield planting method for selenium-rich and zinc-rich grains according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S2, the seed screening is to select full, pest-free grain seeds; the seed treatment operation is to coat the seeds with a seed coating agent containing a biological agent and trace elements of selenium and zinc, wherein the biological agent includes rhizobia and bacillus; the content of the biological agent in the seed coating agent is 1×10 5 -1×10 6 A living bacteria.

4. A high-quality and high-yield planting method for selenium-rich and zinc-rich grains according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S3, the sowing time is determined according to local climatic conditions and grain growth habits, and spring-sown grains are sown when the soil temperature is stable at 10-12°C; the suitable sowing method is to adopt a wide-narrow row sowing method, with a wide row of 40-50 cm, a narrow row of 20-30 cm, and a plant spacing of 10-15 cm.

5. A high-quality and high-yield planting method for selenium-rich and zinc-rich grains according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the step S4, the base fertilizer is applied before sowing, and the special fertilizer is evenly spread on the soil surface, and then the soil is plowed to fully mix the fertilizer and the soil, and the fertilizer application amount is 30 to 50 kilograms per mu; the topdressing is applied during the jointing stage of the grains. If the plant growth is weak, urea is applied at 5 to 10 kilograms per mu; at the booting stage, a compound fertilizer containing phosphorus, potassium and a small amount of selenium and zinc is applied, wherein potassium dihydrogen phosphate and a micro-fertilizer containing selenium and zinc are mixed, and the amount is 10 to 15 kilograms per mu; in the compound fertilizer containing phosphorus, potassium and a small amount of selenium and zinc, the selenium content is 0.05% to 0.1%, and the zinc content is 0.5% to 1%.

6. A high-quality and high-yield planting method for selenium-rich and zinc-rich grains according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S5, the irrigation management according to the soil and grain growth requirements is to determine the irrigation amount and frequency according to the soil moisture conditions and the grain growth stage, keep the soil moist from sowing to emergence, adopt a small amount and multiple irrigation method, appropriately increase the irrigation amount during the jointing and heading stages of the grains, and reduce the irrigation amount during the maturity stage.

7. A high-quality and high-yield planting method for selenium-rich and zinc-rich grains according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the step S6, the pests and diseases are controlled in a variety of ways, including agricultural control, biological control and chemical control; the agricultural control is to adopt crop rotation and intercropping measures, crop rotation with leguminous crops, and intercropping plants with insect repellent effects; the biological control is to release natural enemy insects in the field and use beneficial microorganisms for control, among which Trichogramma is released to control borers, and Bacillus thuringiensis is used to control lepidopteran pests; the chemical control is to use low-toxic and high-efficiency chemical pesticides when the pests and diseases are serious, strictly follow the instructions for use of the pesticides, and control the application amount and safe interval; the plant with insect repellent effect is mint.

8. A high-quality and high-yield planting method for selenium-rich and zinc-rich grains according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S7, the appropriate harvesting time is determined to be when the grains reach physiological maturity, the grains are full and the color is normal; the appropriate harvesting method is mechanized harvesting, and timely drying or drying after harvesting to make the moisture content of the grains reach 12% to 14%.

9. A special fertilizer, characterized in that: It is composed of the following ingredients: Selenium yeast, calculated as selenium, the content is 0.1% to 0.2%; Amino acid chelated zinc, calculated as zinc, the content is 1% to 2%; Humic acid, content is 10% to 15%; Nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer; Among them, nitrogen:phosphorus:potassium = 15:15:15, and the rest is nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer.

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