Half-hole drilling and tapping method and equipment

Abstract

The invention discloses a semi-hole drilling and tapping method which comprises the steps of fixing a blank on a workbench and drilling and tapping at a preset position of the blank by using a cutter, and the size of the blank is consistent with that of a final workpiece; the device further comprises a filling block, the filling block and the blank are made of the same material, and the filling block is tightly attached to the preset drilling position of the blank and fixed together with the blank. And the cutter performs tapping and drilling on the blank and the filling block at the preset position at the same time. The equipment comprises a workbench, a base used for placing a blank is arranged on the workbench, and a cutter unit used for drilling and tapping the edge of the blank is arranged above the base; the working table is further provided with a filling block and a filling block clamping unit, and the base or the filling block clamping unit is movably installed on the working table, so that the distance between the base and the filling block clamping unit is adjustable. According to the invention, material waste can be reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of mechanical processing, and in particular relates to a method and equipment for drilling and tapping a half hole. Background Art

[0002] Drilling and tapping a half hole refers to the process of machining an axial half hole on the outer surface of a cylindrical or cylindrical-like workpiece. The product formed by the machining has an axial groove on the outer surface, which can form a complete axial hole after being combined with other workpieces, so it is usually called a half hole. A typical workpiece is a three-hole taper sleeve, which has an outer cone surface at a certain angle. The outer cone surface is pressed and connected with the inner cone surface of a pulley, sprocket or other transmission parts, so that the centering accuracy of various transmission parts is greatly improved; there are three half holes on its outer cone surface, at least one of which is a screw hole and at least one is a light hole; there are one-to-one corresponding half holes on the inner cone surface of other workpieces that match it. When the outer cone surface of the taper sleeve is a screw hole, the inner cone surface that matches it is a light hole, and when the outer cone surface of the taper sleeve is a light hole, the inner cone surface that matches it is a screw hole. Regardless of whether the half hole on the outer cone surface is a screw hole or a light hole, the machining process is called tapping.

[0003] In the prior art, in order to process the aforementioned porous cone sleeve or similar workpieces that require drilling and tapping of half holes, the method used is to drill holes in the cylindrical blank according to the designed position to form corresponding screw holes or light holes, and then cut the excess part of the blank. At this time, the already drilled hole is also cut into a half hole, and then a workpiece consistent with the design is obtained. The above steps do not require special equipment, and conventional machining equipment can be used.

[0004] The defect of the above-mentioned prior art is that a blank larger than the workpiece size is required. Assuming that the workpiece and the blank are both cylindrical, the radius of the blank needs to be at least the radius of the hole plus the wall thickness of the hole on the basis of the radius of the workpiece. And this added part of the material is eventually wasted; considering that the material wasted in the end is a tubular body with a certain thickness and height, such waste is actually quite considerable. Summary of the invention

[0005] The purpose of the invention is to provide a method for drilling and tapping a half hole, so as to reduce waste in the processing process.

[0006] Another object of the present invention is to provide a device for drilling and tapping half holes by applying the above method.

[0007] To this end, the present invention adopts the following technical solution: a method for drilling and tapping a half hole, comprising the steps of fixing a blank on a workbench and drilling and tapping a preset position of the blank with a tool, characterized in that: the size of the blank is consistent with the size of the final workpiece; and further comprising a filling block, the filling block and the blank are made of the same material, the filling block is close to the preset drilling position of the blank and is fixed together with the blank; the tool simultaneously taps and drills holes in the blank and the filling block at the preset position.

[0008] Furthermore, the height of the filling block is greater than or equal to the drilling depth.

[0009] The present invention also adopts such a technical solution: a device for drilling and tapping half holes, comprising a workbench, a base for placing a blank on the workbench, a rotatable base shaft on the base, the blank being mounted on the periphery of the base shaft and being tightly fixed to the base shaft; a tool unit for drilling and tapping at the edge of the blank is provided above the base; it is characterized in that: a filling block and a filling block clamping unit are also provided on the workbench, the filling block and the blank are made of the same material and are fixed on the filling block clamping unit; the base or the filling block clamping unit is movably installed on the workbench, so that the distance between the base and the filling block clamping unit is adjustable.

[0010] Furthermore, the distance of the filling block clamping unit relative to the base in a three-dimensional direction is adjustable.

[0011] Through the above design, with the line between the base and the filling block clamping unit as the X-axis, the direction on the workbench perpendicular to the X-axis as the Y-axis, and the direction perpendicular to the workbench as the Z-axis, it can be seen that all three directions are adjustable; plus the blank itself can rotate along the base axis, so the position of the blank relative to the workbench and relative to the filling block can be conveniently adjusted.

[0012] The filling block is in the shape of a rectangular parallelepiped, and the filling block clamping unit is in the shape of a long groove with a side opening, and its cross-section is "C"-shaped, in which the filling block can be clamped; the upper end side surface of the filling block clamping unit is corrugated, so that when viewed from a top view, the filling block is partially exposed outside the filling block clamping unit.

[0013] Furthermore, the lower end side surface of the filling block clamping unit is in the same corrugated shape as the upper end side surface.

[0014] When the present invention is working, the top surface of the filling block is flush with the top surface of the blank. Obviously, the top surface of the filling block clamping unit must be higher than the top surface of the filling block; and the upper end side surface of the filling block clamping unit is designed to be corrugated, which is equivalent to opening a row of notches at the upper end of its "C" shape. When the tool unit drills downward, these notches can be used for tapping without damaging the filling block clamping unit. In the case where the height of the filling block is greater than the drilling depth, the tapping work has been completed before the drill bit penetrates the filling block. At this time, the lower end of the filling block clamping unit will not be affected. In the case where the height of the filling block is equal to the drilling depth, or even less than the drilling depth, the drill bit needs to penetrate the filling block. At this time, the lower end side surface of the filling block clamping unit also needs to have the same notch, that is, it is designed to be corrugated to avoid being damaged by the drill bit.

[0015] Furthermore, the tool unit comprises a turntable, and different positions on the turntable correspond to drill bits of different specifications.

[0016] The design idea of ​​the present invention is as follows: the reason why the prior art has to waste blanks is that the drill bit cannot directly drill a hole at the edge of the blank to obtain a half hole, and the reason why it cannot drill a hole at the edge of the blank is that when the drill bit is working, only one side is stressed, which will cause relative slippage between the drill bit and the blank, thereby causing waste. Therefore, the present invention places the filling block against the part to be drilled, and the drill bit simultaneously taps the blank and the filling block when working. At this time, the hole formed is strictly not a complete circular hole, because the edge of the filling block is usually a straight line, that is, from a top view, that is, from the direction of the drill bit tapping, it is an arc and a straight line tangent to it, and there is still a blank space between the arc and the straight line. However, from the force situation during drilling, the force received by the drill bit is bilaterally symmetrical and balanced, so the drilling and tapping operation can be completed smoothly. After the operation is completed, the filling block can be discarded; because the height of the filling block is much smaller than the height of the blank, and the filling block can be fully utilized through the design of the shape, the waste caused by using the filling block is much smaller than the waste in the prior art. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0017] Figure 1 It is a structural schematic diagram of the present invention.

[0018] Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the filling block after use. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0019] See the attached drawings. This embodiment is a half-hole tapping machine, including a workbench 1, on which is a base 2 for placing a blank, and a clamping seat 4, on which a filling block clamping unit 5 is fixed; the base 2 can translate relative to the workbench 1 on the x-axis through a screw slider mechanism, and the clamping seat 4 can translate relative to the workbench 1 on the y-axis through a screw slider mechanism, and at the same time, the clamping seat 4 can be raised and lowered relative to the workbench 1 on the z-axis through a screw slider mechanism. That is, xyz is both an action component and represents a three-dimensional direction. There is a rotatable base shaft 31 on the base, and the blank 3 is mounted on the periphery of the base shaft and is tightly fixed thereto.

[0020] Through the above structural relationship, the blank 3 can translate on the x-axis and rotate along the base 31; the filling block clamping unit 5 can translate on the y-axis and rise and fall on the z-axis, so the position of the blank relative to the workbench and relative to the filling block clamping unit can be easily adjusted.

[0021] A tool unit 7 is provided above the workbench, including a turntable and a drill bit 71, which extend from top to bottom to the position to be processed.

[0022] The filling block clamping unit 5 is a long strip with a C-shaped cross section. In fact, its cross section should be a frame shape, which can be roughly described as a C-shape, so that it can accommodate the rectangular filling block 6. Figure 1 At the angle shown, the filling block clamping unit basically faces the reader with its C-shaped opening; it can be seen that there are a number of notches 51 on both the upper and lower side surfaces, which correspond to each other and are arranged continuously, so that the upper and lower side surfaces are corrugated.

[0023] The initial state of the filling block 6 is a rectangular parallelepiped, made of the same iron material as the blank, and inserted into the cavity of the filling block clamping unit 5, so that the position thereof and the blank are adjusted following the filling block clamping unit.

[0024] During processing, after adjusting each component, fix the blank and the filling block so that the point to be processed of the blank is close to the filling block. The drill bit taps downward and drills holes in the blank and the filling block at the same time, thereby obtaining a half hole 32 on the blank and a half hole 61 on the filling block. After one tapping is completed, adjust the position of the blank and the filling block and continue the above operation. Figure 2 The figure shows the shape of the filling block after multiple processing. The filling block, which was originally a rectangular block, has been used many times on both sides, and multiple half holes have been cut off. At this time, it has become waste and is waiting to be recycled.

Claims

1. A method for drilling and tapping a half hole, comprising the steps of fixing a blank on a workbench and drilling and tapping a hole at a preset position of the blank with a tool, characterized in that: The size of the blank is consistent with the size of the final workpiece; it also includes a filling block, which is made of the same material as the blank, and the filling block is close to the preset drilling position of the blank and is fixed together with the blank; the tool simultaneously taps and drills holes in the blank and the filling block at the preset position.

2. The method for drilling and tapping a half hole according to claim 1, characterized in that: The height of the filling block is greater than or equal to the drilling depth.

3. A device for drilling and tapping half holes, comprising a workbench, a base for placing a blank on the workbench, a rotatable base shaft on the base, the blank is mounted on the periphery of the base shaft and is tightly fixed to the base shaft; a tool unit for drilling and tapping at the edge of the blank is provided above the base; characterized in that: The workbench is also provided with a filling block and a filling block clamping unit. The filling block is made of the same material as the blank and is fixed on the filling block clamping unit. The base or the filling block clamping unit is movably installed on the workbench so that the distance between the base and the filling block clamping unit is adjustable.

4. The half-hole drilling and tapping device according to claim 3, characterized in that: The distance of the filling block clamping unit relative to the base in a three-dimensional direction is adjustable.

5. The half-hole drilling and tapping device according to claim 3 or 4, characterized in that: The filling block is in the shape of a rectangular parallelepiped, and the filling block clamping unit is in the shape of a long groove with a side opening, and its cross section is "C"-shaped, in which the filling block can be clamped; the upper end side surface of the filling block clamping unit is corrugated, so that when viewed from a top view, the filling block is partially exposed outside the filling block clamping unit.

6. The half-hole drilling and tapping device according to claim 5, characterized in that: The lower end side surface of the filling block clamping unit is the same corrugated shape as the upper end side surface.

7. The half-hole drilling and tapping device according to claim 3 or 4, characterized in that: The tool unit comprises a turntable, and different positions on the turntable correspond to drill bits of different specifications.

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