Compound microbial fertilizer capable of resisting continuous cropping obstacles of tobaccos and preparation method of compound microbial fertilizer

Abstract

The invention discloses a compound microbial fertilizer capable of resisting continuous cropping obstacles of tobaccos and a preparation method thereof, and the compound microbial fertilizer is prepared by mixing cow dung and straw according to a weight ratio of 17: 3, and then adding 10% (wet weight) of oil cake, 10% (wet weight) of matured compost and 0.05% (dry weight) of fermentation inoculant; the preparation method comprises the following steps: uniformly mixing the materials, carrying out aerobic composting for 25-35 days, screening the matured compost by using a 5mm sieve, compounding an undersize product with inorganic nutrients and bacillus velezensis, and adjusting the mass ratio of nitrogen to phosphorus to potassium to be 4: 4: 8, so that the effective viable count reaches 0.2 billion / g. Through demonstration, the organic fertilizer continuous cropping soil compounded with the inorganic nutrients and the bacillus velezensis has good effects on promoting the growth and development of tobaccos, improving the quality and yield of tobacco leaves, preventing and treating black shank and improving the rhizosphere microenvironment.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of tobacco organic fertilizer, and in particular to a composite microbial fertilizer capable of resisting tobacco continuous cropping obstacles and a preparation method thereof. Background Art

[0002] Tobacco is one of the important cash crops in my country. In 2023, the cultivated area of ​​tobacco in my country has reached 1000.52 thousand hectares, and the yield remains at 2100kg / hm2. 2 , and its planting area and output are both ranked first in the world. Due to factors such as cultivation conditions, economic interests, and limited arable land, it is difficult to arrange a reasonable rotation for tobacco production, and it is inevitable that tobacco fields will be continuously cropped for a long time. Long-term continuous cropping of tobacco will cause imbalance of soil microbial communities, imbalance of soil nutrients, and increase of pathogenic bacteria, which will slow down the growth and development of tobacco plants, deteriorate agronomic properties and physiological indicators, and reduce yield and quality, causing significant losses to tobacco production and tobacco farmers, and having a serious impact on the sustainable production of tobacco and the development of the regional economy.

[0003] The mechanism of tobacco continuous cropping disorder in different regions and different continuous cropping years is significantly different, mainly including nutrient imbalance, deterioration of physical and chemical properties of tobacco-growing soil, accumulation of tobacco root secretions, changes in tobacco-growing soil microecology and other factors, which control the degree of continuous cropping disorder in the planting area alone or together. At present, the prevention and control measures for tobacco continuous cropping disorder mainly include: adjusting planting patterns, scientific fertilization, biological control, physical and chemical control, and cultivating disease-resistant varieties; among them, the application of organic fertilizer can conserve soil quality, repair the microbial environment, promote early root growth, and enhance the disease resistance of tobacco plants. The compound microbial fertilizer produced according to the fertilizer requirements of tobacco can effectively and permanently supply nutrients to tobacco throughout its entire growth period, which can not only improve the yield and quality of tobacco leaves, but also improve the utilization rate of fertilizers, improve soil fertility, and reduce soil non-point source pollution. Due to the low cost and high efficiency of organic materials, organic fertilizer has become an important research direction in the current tobacco continuous cropping disorder reduction technology.

[0004] At present, the fermentation process of tobacco-specific organic fertilizer is broad-spectrum. In terms of fermentation material selection, most of them select appropriate material ratios based on the differences in raw materials in various places, pay attention to the harmless use of organic materials, and have the advantages of reducing environmental pollution and achieving sustainable development of agricultural production. However, it is only recognized that organic fertilizer has a positive effect on the repair of tobacco continuous cropping obstacles, and lacks basic organic fertilizer fermentation processes for enriching functional substances for continuous cropping obstacles. The existing tobacco compound microbial fertilizer focuses on the reasonable ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in nutrient formula, and focuses on the coordinated use of compound microbial agents and the screening of efficient microorganisms with specific functions in microbial selection, such as Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus licheniformis, and Bacillus amyloliquefaciens. It has the characteristics of strong targeting, clear functions, high efficiency and safety, and strong adaptability, but there are still limited antibacterial spectrum and antibacterial ability, relatively weak plant growth promotion effect, and potential deficiencies in biosafety and environmental compatibility. Summary of the invention

[0005] In view of the technical defects of existing tobacco organic fertilizers, the present invention starts with the compounding of organic materials and the regulation of the composting process to form a basic organic fertilizer fermentation process for enriching functional substances.

[0006] The invention protects a composite microbial fertilizer for resisting tobacco continuous cropping obstacles. Cow dung and straw are mixed in a weight ratio of 17:3, and then 10% (wet weight) of oil cake, 10% (wet weight) of decomposed compost and 0.05% (dry weight) of fermentation agent are added. After the materials are evenly mixed, aerobic composting is carried out for 25-35 days, and the decomposed compost is sieved with 5 mm. The sieved materials are compounded with inorganic nutrients and Bacillus Velezii, and the mass ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is adjusted to 4:4:8, so that the number of effective live bacteria reaches 200 million / g.

[0007] Preferably, the fermentation bacteria agent is Qiming composite fermentation bacteria, comprising 20 billion / g of Bacillus, 10 billion / g of actinomycetes, and 5 billion / g of yeast.

[0008] Preferably, the concentration of Bacillus Velez is 100 billion / g.

[0009] Preferably, the inorganic nutrients include ammonium sulfate, monoammonium phosphate, and potassium sulfate.

[0010] The present invention also protects a method for preparing the above-mentioned composite microbial fertilizer for resisting tobacco continuous cropping obstacles, comprising the following steps:

[0011] Step 1, crushing and screening: crush the straw to a particle size of 4-6 cm for later use;

[0012] Step 2, mixing raw materials: after mixing cow dung and straw in a weight ratio of 17:3, add 10% (wet weight) of oil cake, 10% (wet weight) of mature compost (cooked material), and 0.05% (dry weight) of fermentation agent, and mix the raw materials evenly to obtain compost raw materials;

[0013] Step 3, building a pile of strips: building the evenly mixed compost raw materials into a pile of strips, and setting a ventilation pipe for aeration under the pile of strips;

[0014] Step 4, fermentation and composting: continuous aeration, aerobic fermentation for 25-35 days;

[0015] Step 5, mechanical compost turning: Use a self-propelled compost turning machine to turn the compost once every 2-3 days;

[0016] Step 6, material screening: when the temperature of the pile is close to the ambient temperature, the fermentation process is terminated, and the material is mechanically screened to obtain the screened material, which is the organic fertilizer;

[0017] Step 7, nutrient compounding: compound inorganic nutrients, adjust the mass ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium to 4:4:8, and obtain an organic-inorganic compound fertilizer.

[0018] Step 8, compounding of microbial agents: adding functional microbial agent Bacillus Velez subtilis to organic-inorganic compound fertilizer, with effective live bacteria count higher than 200 million / g.

[0019] Preferably, the strip stack in step 3 is 3 m wide, 1.2 m high and 15 m long.

[0020] Preferably, the air outlets of the ventilation duct in step 3 are spaced 8 cm apart and have an aperture of 6 mm.

[0021] Preferably, step 4 uses a centrifugal fan for aeration, with a power of 35 Hz and a continuous operation and an air volume of 33 m 3 / min, wind pressure 3.86Kpa, oxygen increase 6.6m 3 / min.

[0022] Preferably, the mechanical sieve in step 6 is a 5 mm sieve.

[0023] The present invention optimizes the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium mass ratio to meet the nutrient requirements of tobacco according to the fertilizer formula recommended in "Tobacco Soil Testing and Formula Fertilization", and on this basis, preferably uses Bacillus Velez, which has the advantages of broad antibacterial spectrum, strong antibacterial ability, significant growth-promoting effect, high biosafety and environmental compatibility, strong adaptability and easy cultivation and preservation in tobacco application, to add bacterial agents, and accurately compound to form a tobacco-specific composite microbial fertilizer with enriched key effective components, adapted to tobacco nutrient absorption, and high activity of functional bacterial agents. It has been demonstrated that compounding inorganic nutrients and organic fertilizers of Bacillus Velez in continuous soil has good effects on promoting tobacco growth and development, improving tobacco leaf quality and yield, preventing and treating black shank disease, and improving the rhizosphere microenvironment. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0024] For ease of understanding of the present invention, the present invention will be described more fully with specific embodiments below. However, the present invention can be implemented in many different forms and is not limited to the embodiments described herein. On the contrary, the purpose of providing these embodiments is to make the disclosure of the present invention more thoroughly understood.

[0025] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as those commonly understood by those skilled in the art of the present invention. The terms used in the specification of the present invention are only for the purpose of describing specific embodiments and are not intended to limit the present invention. The technical scheme of the present invention is described more clearly and completely below in conjunction with specific embodiments and comparative examples.

[0026] Example 1

[0027] A composite microbial fertilizer for resisting tobacco continuous cropping disorder includes the following materials: cow dung, straw, clinker, oil cake, Qiming composite fermentation bacteria (20 billion / g of Bacillus, 10 billion / g of actinomycetes, 5 billion / g of yeast), ammonium sulfate, monoammonium phosphate, potassium sulfate, and Bacillus Velezii (concentration of 100 billion / g). Table 1 shows the properties of the compost raw materials.

[0028] Table 1

[0029] Cow manure Straw Oil dry Clinker Moisture content (%) 83.85 9.1 9.24 44.9 pH 8.4 6.8 5.59 8.32 <![CDATA[Conductivity (mS·cm -1 )]]> 2.6 4.0 0.51 4.36 Total nitrogen (%) 1.9 0.87 5.26 1.96 <![CDATA[P2O5(%)]]> 1.5 0.31 2.2 2.45 <![CDATA[K2O(%)]]> 1.3 1.34 1.1 1.97

[0030] The method for preparing the compound microbial fertilizer comprises the following steps:

[0031] 1. Crushing and screening: The straw is crushed by an industrial crusher to a particle size of 4-6 cm for later use.

[0032] 2. Raw material mixing: 12.75 tons of cow dung, 2.25 tons of straw, 1.5 tons of clinker, 1.5 tons of oil cake, 3.6 kg of fermentation agent (Qiming composite fermentation bacteria: 20 billion / g of Bacillus, 10 billion / g of actinomycetes, and 5 billion / g of yeast). Use a forklift to mix the raw materials evenly to obtain compost raw materials. At this time, the moisture content, pH, and EC are 60%, 6.88, and 2.14 mS / cm, respectively.

[0033] 3. Strip pile building: The evenly mixed composting materials are piled into strip piles with a width of 3m, a height of 1.2m and a length of 15m. A ventilation pipe is set under the strip pile. The air outlet of the pipe is 8cm apart and the hole diameter is 6mm.

[0034] 4. Fermentation and ripening: Use a 7.5kW centrifugal fan for continuous aeration (the centrifugal fan supplies oxygen to the ventilation pipe, the power is adjusted to 35Hz for continuous operation, and the air volume is 33m 3 / min, wind pressure 3.86Kpa, oxygen increase 6.6m 3 / min) for 25-35 days of aerobic fermentation.

[0035] 5. Mechanical compost turning: Use a self-propelled compost turning machine to turn the compost once every 2-3 days.

[0036] 6. Material screening: When the temperature of the pile is close to the ambient temperature, the fermentation process is terminated. The material is mechanically screened (5mm screen) to obtain the screened material (organic fertilizer). The physicochemical properties of the screened material are shown in Table 2.

[0037] Table 2

[0038] Moisture content (%) pH Conductivity (mS / cm) Total nitrogen (%) <![CDATA[P2O5(%)]]> <![CDATA[K2O(%)]]> 23.8 8.03 2.13 2.37 1.92 2.19

[0039] 7. Nutrient compounding: Combined with the nutrient content of the screened materials, compound inorganic nutrients (ammonium sulfate, monoammonium phosphate, potassium sulfate) according to the fertilizer formula design to adjust the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium content to 4:4:8.

[0040] 8. Compounding of microbial agents: The functional microbial agent Bacillus Velez is added to the materials after nutrient compounding. The adding ratio is: 100 kg of materials, 565 g of Bacillus Velez (concentration is 100 billion / g), so that the number of effective live bacteria is higher than 200 million / g.

[0041] Example 2

[0042] Different from Example 1, the organic fertilizer of this example does not add the functional bacterial agent Bacillus Velez subtilis after compounding the inorganic nutrients.

[0043] Example 3

[0044] Different from Example 1, the organic fertilizer of this embodiment is not compounded with inorganic nutrients, and only the functional bacterial agent Bacillus Velez subtilis is added.

[0045] Example 4

[0046] Different from Example 1, the organic fertilizer of this embodiment is not compounded with inorganic nutrients, and the functional bacterial agent Bacillus Velez subtilis is not added.

[0047] Comparison example

[0048] The commercially available mainstream tobacco-specific organic fertilizer (N-P2O5-K2O is 2-4-4) was used, and the fermentation raw material ratio was 70 parts of cow dung, 25 parts of rice bran, 5 parts of oil cake, and 0.02 parts of Qiming composite fermentation bacteria (20 billion / g of Bacillus, 10 billion / g of actinomycetes, and 5 billion / g of yeast). The properties of the raw materials are shown in Table 3.

[0049] Table 3

[0050] Cow manure Rice bran Oil dry Moisture content (%) 83.85 7.90 9.24 pH 8.40 6.70 5.59 <![CDATA[Conductivity (mS·cm -1 )]]> 2.60 1.32 0.51 Total nitrogen (%) 1.90 7.13 5.26 <![CDATA[P2O5(%)]]> 1.50 15.9 2.2 <![CDATA[K2O(%)]]> 1.30 4.81 1.1

[0051] The following is a field test of the actual effects of Examples 1 to 4 and the control example. 0.875 acres of soil with similar soil properties from ten years of continuous tobacco cultivation was selected from the Sanying tobacco planting base in Eryuan County, Dali Bai Autonomous Prefecture, Yunnan Province, and randomly divided into five groups, each with 0.175 acres, namely Experimental Example 1, Experimental Example 2, Experimental Example 3, Experimental Example 3, Experimental Example 4, and Control Example. The physical and chemical properties of the test field soil are shown in Table 4.

[0052] Table 4

[0053]

[0054] The total nutrient control of tobacco planting in the whole growth period is: N (10kg / mu); P2O5 (5kg / mu); K2O (20kg / mu), and the base fertilizer accounts for 20% of the total nutrients in the whole growth period. Among them, when the test group tobacco is planted, the base fertilizer is the organic fertilizer (N-P2O5-K2O is 4-4-8) made by Example 1 of the present invention, and the usage amount is 56.81kg / mu, and the control group uses the commercial mainstream tobacco special organic fertilizer (N-P2O5-K2O is 2-4-4), and the usage amount is 142.85kg / mu. Topdressing is applied once every 10 days after the base fertilizer is applied, and a total of six topdressings are applied, accounting for 80% of the total nutrients in the whole growth period, and the nitrogen input amount decreases successively (a total of six times, 18%, 18%, 13%, 13%, 9%, 9%). The specific fertilizers used for top dressing are: water-soluble fertilizer (60-60-120g / L), calcium ammonium nitrate (nitrogen content 20%), compound fertilizer (15-15-15), potassium sulfate fertilizer (52%). The specific amount of top dressing is shown in Table 5.

[0055] Table 5

[0056]

[0057] Except for the different types of base fertilizer, all other field management measures (irrigation, weeding, fertilization methods) were handled according to the habits of local farmers. Field agronomic surveys and sampling were carried out during the maturity period of tobacco plants, soil indicators and plant indicators were measured, and the occurrence of black shank disease was counted during the maturity period. After the test was completed, the tobacco yield and quality were calculated. The field effect of the product in reducing the obstacles of continuous tobacco cropping was comprehensively evaluated. The test results are statistically analyzed below.

[0058] 1. Effect Example 1:

[0059] The field agronomic traits of the test cases were investigated and the results are shown in Table 6.

[0060] Sampling and investigation: The growth of tobacco plants was measured during the tobacco maturity period, and root samples were collected when tobacco was harvested to measure the tobacco root biomass.

[0061] Plant growth status measurement: According to YC·T142-2010 "Standard for Investigation of Agronomic Traits of Tobacco", the plant number, stem girth, internode distance, number of effective leaves, maximum leaf length, maximum leaf width, maximum leaf area (leaf area = length × width × 0.6345) of tobacco plants were investigated and recorded with a ruler or tape measure at the tobacco maturity stage.

[0062] Rhizosphere biomass determination: Samples were taken at the maturity stage of tobacco plants, sterilized at 105°C, dried at 65°C to constant weight, and then the dry weight was measured.

[0063] Table 6

[0064]

[0065] 2. Effect Example 2

[0066] Statistics were collected on the economic traits, yield and quality of tobacco plants for each treatment in the experiment. The results are shown in Table 7.

[0067] Table 7

[0068]

[0069] As shown in Table 7, after applying the finished fertilizer, the yield and quality of tobacco are improved to a certain extent. The per-mu yield of flue-cured tobacco and the proportion of high-quality tobacco are shown in Example 1> Example 3> Example 2> Example 4> Comparative Example. The per-mu output value and yield index of flue-cured tobacco reflect the economic effect of tobacco to a certain extent, which are shown in Example 1> Example 2> Example 4> Example 3> Comparative Example. The average price and grade index reflect the quality of tobacco to a certain extent, which are shown in Example 1> Example 4> Example 2> Example 3> Comparative Example. Comprehensive analysis of various indicators shows that the application of the fertilizer of the present invention to continuous cropping soil is beneficial to improving the quality and yield of tobacco leaves.

[0070] 3. Effect Example 3

[0071] The black shank disease of tobacco plants was investigated for the experimental treatments, and the results are shown in Table 8.

[0072] Survey: In the mature stage of tobacco plants, the incidence and disease index of black shank disease were investigated according to the "Tobacco Disease Grading and Investigation Methods" (YC / T39-1996).

[0073] Table 8

[0074] Experimental treatment Black shank disease incidence (%) Disease index Example 1 40.00a 11.55a Example 2 45.33bc 12.74ab Example 3 42.66ab 14.37bc Example 4 46.66bc 14.96bc Comparison example 51.33d 16.51d

[0075] As shown in Table 8, the incidence of black shank disease is Comparative Example> Example 4> Example 2> Example 3> Example 1, and the disease index is Comparative Example> Example 4> Example 3> Example 2> Example 1. Treatment 1 and Treatment 3 with the addition of Bacillus Velezii have the lowest incidence of black shank disease, and the incidence and disease index of the four groups of embodiments are lower than the comparative example. Bacillus Velezii has a broad spectrum of antibacterial activity and the effect of promoting plant growth. It is separated from the rhizosphere to produce lipopeptides, polyketide compounds (PKS), bacillus lysin and other antibiotics. It can be used in fertilizers to control tobacco black shank disease and improve tobacco disease resistance. As can be seen from Table 8, the present invention has a certain effect on the prevention and treatment of black shank disease in continuous cropping soil.

[0076] 4. Effect Example 4

[0077] The rhizosphere activity of mature tobacco plants was tested according to the experimental treatments. The results are shown in Table 9.

[0078] Detection method: flame photometry

[0079] Table 9

[0080] Experimental treatment Example 1 Example 2 Example 3 Example 4 Compare with the example Rhizosphere activity (ug / h / g) 28.78ab 18.58b 31.08a 22.08b 15.71c

[0081] As shown in Table 9, the rhizosphere activity is shown in the order of Example 3 > Example 1 > Example 4 > Example 2 > Comparative Example. Treatments 1 and 3 with the addition of Bacillus Velezii performed best in terms of rhizosphere activity. The rhizosphere activity of the four groups of examples was higher than that of the comparative example. It can be seen that the enrichment of humic acid and the addition of Bacillus Velezii are beneficial to the improvement of the soil microbial environment and the enhancement of the rhizosphere activity of the plants. By comparison, it can be seen that the product of the present invention has a certain effect on the improvement of the rhizosphere microenvironment of continuous cropping obstacles.

[0082] The above-mentioned embodiments only express several implementation methods of the present invention, and the descriptions thereof are relatively specific and detailed, but they cannot be understood as limiting the scope of the invention patent. It should be pointed out that, for ordinary technicians in this field, several variations and improvements can be made without departing from the concept of the present invention, and these all belong to the protection scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the patent of the present invention shall be subject to the attached claims.

Claims

1. A composite microbial fertilizer for resisting tobacco continuous cropping obstacles, characterized in that: After cow dung and straw are mixed in a weight ratio of 17:3, 10% (wet weight) of oil cake, 10% (wet weight) of mature compost and 0.05% (dry weight) of fermentation agent are added; after the materials are evenly mixed, after 25-35 days of aerobic composting, the mature compost is sieved through a 5mm sieve, and the sieved material is compounded with inorganic nutrients and Bacillus Velez, and the mass ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is adjusted to 4:4:8, so that the number of effective live bacteria reaches 200 million / g.

2. The composite microbial fertilizer for resisting tobacco continuous cropping disorder according to claim 1, characterized in that: The fermentation bacteria agent is Qiming composite fermentation bacteria, which contains 20 billion / g of Bacillus, 10 billion / g of Actinomycetes, and 5 billion / g of yeast.

3. The composite microbial fertilizer for resisting tobacco continuous cropping obstacles according to claim 1, characterized in that: The concentration of the Bacillus Velez is 100 billion / g.

4. The composite microbial fertilizer for resisting tobacco continuous cropping disorder according to claim 1, characterized in that: The inorganic nutrients include ammonium sulfate, monoammonium phosphate and potassium sulfate.

5. The method for preparing the composite microbial fertilizer for resisting tobacco continuous cropping obstacles according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that: The steps include: Step 1, crushing and screening: crush the straw to a particle size of 4-6 cm for later use; Step 2, mixing raw materials: after mixing cow dung and straw in a weight ratio of 17:3, add 10% (wet weight) of oil cake, 10% (wet weight) of mature compost (cooked material), and 0.05% (dry weight) of fermentation agent, and mix the raw materials evenly to obtain compost raw materials; Step 3, building a pile of strips: building the evenly mixed compost raw materials into a pile of strips, and setting a ventilation pipe for aeration under the pile of strips; Step 4, fermentation and composting: continuous aeration, aerobic fermentation for 25-35 days; Step 5, mechanical compost turning: Use a self-propelled compost turning machine to turn the compost once every 2-3 days; Step 6, material screening: when the temperature of the pile is close to the ambient temperature, the fermentation process is terminated, and the material is mechanically screened to obtain the screened material, which is the organic fertilizer; Step 7, nutrient compounding: compound inorganic nutrients, adjust the mass ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium to 4:4:8, and obtain an organic-inorganic compound fertilizer. Step 8, compounding of microbial agents: adding functional microbial agent Bacillus Velez subtilis to organic-inorganic compound fertilizer, with effective live bacteria count higher than 200 million / g.

6. The preparation method of the composite microbial fertilizer for resisting tobacco continuous cropping obstacles according to claim 5, characterized in that: The strip stack in step 3 is 3m wide, 1.2m high and 15m long.

7. The preparation method of the composite microbial fertilizer for resisting tobacco continuous cropping obstacles according to claim 5, characterized in that: The air outlets of the ventilation duct in step 3 are spaced 8 cm apart and have a hole diameter of 6 mm.

8. The preparation method of the composite microbial fertilizer for resisting tobacco continuous cropping disorder according to claim 5, characterized in that: Step 4 uses a centrifugal fan for aeration, with a power of 35Hz and a continuous operation of 33m 3 / min, wind pressure 3.86Kpa, oxygen increase 6.6m 3 / min.

9. The preparation method of the composite microbial fertilizer for resisting tobacco continuous cropping disorder according to claim 5, characterized in that: The mechanical sieve in step 6 uses a 5 mm sieve.

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