Zinc-type water-retaining organic fertilizer as well as preparation method and application thereof

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of fertilizers, and particularly relates to a zinc-type water-retaining organic fertilizer as well as a preparation method and application thereof. The zinc type water-retaining organic fertilizer is prepared from zinc sulfate, chicken and pig manure organic matters, biological carbon powder, fermented mushroom residues, a microbial fermentation agent, an amino acid zinc chelating agent, humic acid, urea-EM bacterial liquid and a water-retaining agent. Crop growth is promoted, and winter wheat yield and quality are improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of fertilizers, and in particular relates to a zinc-type water-retaining organic fertilizer and a preparation method and application thereof. Background Art

[0002] Drought, lack of nutrients, poor soil quality and low effective zinc content have greatly limited the grain yield and quality of winter wheat in the northern drylands. Increasing soil organic matter can improve soil structure and enhance the water and fertilizer retention capacity of dryland soil. Livestock and poultry manure organic fertilizer has a good effect on improving soil and fertilizing. Among them, chicken and pig manure is rich in organic matter and beneficial nutrients and is a common organic fertilizer raw material in agriculture. Zinc is one of the trace elements necessary for plant growth and can improve crop quality and increase crop yield. However, the soil parent material itself lacks zinc, and drought and water shortage limit the activity of soil microorganisms, resulting in low effective zinc concentration in the soil, thereby limiting zinc absorption by crop roots.

[0003] Water retainer is a polymer material that can significantly improve the water retention capacity of soil. It can absorb and retain a large amount of water, reduce water evaporation, increase soil moisture content, alleviate soil water shortage, and improve crop drought resistance. Starch water retainer with potato starch as the main raw material is economical and practical, can be naturally degraded, and is harmless to the environment.

[0004] Chinese invention patent CN201210299919.6 discloses a zinc-type water-retaining organic fertilizer suitable for saline-alkali land. The invention solves the problems of weak soil structure, low fertility and low biological effectiveness of nutrients required for crop growth caused by high pH and high salinity in saline-alkali soil. Chinese invention patent CN202311110140.X discloses a saline-alkali soil improved organic fertilizer and its preparation method and application. The invention solves the problem that a large amount of inorganic salts accumulated in saline-alkali soil has not been improved, and the salt and pH in saline-alkali soil have not been improved much. Chinese invention patent CN201010159001.2 discloses a soda-type saline-alkali soil conditioner and its preparation method, which solves the problem of providing an improver for improving saline-alkali soil. However, when the above products are used in dryland soil, the effect of increasing the zinc content of crops is not significant. Summary of the invention

[0005] In order to solve the above problems, the present invention provides a zinc type water-retaining organic fertilizer and a preparation method and application thereof.

[0006] A zinc-type water-retaining organic fertilizer, which is made of zinc sulfate, chicken and pig manure organic matter, biological carbon powder, fermented mushroom residue, microbial fermentation agent, amino acid zinc chelating agent, humic acid, urea-EM bacterial liquid, and water-retaining agent;

[0007] The mass ratio of the chicken and pig manure organic matter, biochar powder, fermented mushroom residue, microbial fermentation agent, amino acid zinc chelating agent and humic acid is 800-1000:100-150:250-350:1-2:5-7:15-25;

[0008] The urea-EM bacterial solution accounts for 1.5% to 2.5% of the total amount of chicken and pig manure organic matter biochar powder, fermented mushroom residue, microbial fermentation agent, amino acid zinc chelating agent and humic acid;

[0009] The mass of the water retaining agent is calculated based on the target increment of the effective water content of the soil;

[0010] The mass of the zinc sulfate is calculated based on the target increment of zinc sulfate.

[0011] In the present invention, biochar improves soil structure, increases soil water and fertilizer retention capacity, and promotes soil microbial activity. Fermented mushroom residue contains rich organic matter and microorganisms, which promote the reproduction of beneficial microorganisms, the transformation of soil nutrients and the absorption of plant nutrients. Microbial fermentation agents increase the beneficial microorganisms in the soil. This product contains Bacillus-like bacteria, complex enzyme preparations, microbial metabolites, carriers, etc., which improve the enzyme activity of the soil, promote the decomposition and transformation of organic matter, produce a variety of nutrients and stimulants, and then stimulate the growth and development of microorganisms and promote crop growth. Amino acid zinc chelating agents Amino acid zinc chelating agents can improve the effectiveness of zinc, making zinc easier to be absorbed by plants, and amino acids are also one of the nutrients required for plant growth. Humic acid promotes the formation of soil aggregate structure, makes the soil soft, improves the moisture and air conditions of the soil, and increases the soil's fertilizer and water retention performance. Urea-EM bacterial solution Urea is a commonly used nitrogen fertilizer, and EM bacterial solution contains a variety of beneficial microorganisms, which can promote the transformation of urea and the absorption of nitrogen by plants, and increase the beneficial microorganisms in the soil. The above raw materials provide conditions for plant growth.

[0012] Since respiration is the physiological basis of seed germination, chlorophyll destruction is one of the indirect damages caused by salinity to plants. When the amount of water retainer is excessive, it negatively affects the respiration intensity of plants and the chlorophyll content, thereby affecting plant growth. When the amount of water retainer is too small, it cannot overcome the drought resistance effect. Therefore, on the basis of the above raw material effects, the present invention also requires that the water retainer is calculated based on the target increment of the effective soil water content, and the mass of zinc sulfate is calculated based on the target increment of zinc sulfate. In this way, in addition to being able to directly supplement the moisture content and zinc content in the dryland soil, it can also utilize biochar, organic matter and fermented mushrooms. When there is too much water retaining agent, the slag will absorb the excess water retaining agent, thus overcoming the negative effect of the excessive water retaining agent on respiration, thereby ensuring the growth of crops under drought conditions, thus achieving the effect of regulating the moisture content of dryland soil and achieving the growth of crops under drought conditions; the comprehensive effect of all raw materials of the present invention can also promote the absorption of zinc by crops, and ensure the growth of crops under saline-alkali conditions, while the organic fertilizer formula with material ratios other than the raw material mass ratio of the present invention, although can regulate the zinc content of the soil, the absorption effect of zinc by plants is still not ideal, and the problem of increasing the zinc content of crops growing in arid soil cannot be overcome.

[0013] Preferably, the water retaining agent is a starch graft copolymer water retaining agent, and the preparation method of the starch graft copolymer water retaining agent comprises the following steps:

[0014] Adding urea to gelatinized starch to obtain a mixture; the mass ratio of the urea to the gelatinized starch is 10-20:100;

[0015] Copolymerizing sodium acrylate and grafting monomer to obtain resin; the relative molecular mass ratio of the sodium acrylate to the grafting monomer is 1:1 to 1.5;

[0016] The starch graft copolymer water retaining agent is obtained by combining the mixture and the resin under the action of an initiator; the mass ratio of the resin to the mixture is 0.3-0.6:100, and the mass ratio of the initiator to the mixture is 0.4-0.8:100.

[0017] The water retaining agent prepared by the above method can play a good water retaining role after being compounded with other raw materials such as zinc sulfate in organic fertilizer. More importantly, when it is used in dryland soil, it overcomes the negative effect of excessive water retaining agent on respiration, allows crops to grow under drought conditions, and ensures that after growth, it can be combined with other raw materials to improve the zinc content of crops.

[0018] Preferably, the mass of the water retaining agent is calculated based on the target increment of the effective soil moisture content; the calculation formula is as follows:

[0019] Where ΔY is the increment of effective soil water content, in %, and ΔX3 represents the increment of water retaining agent dosage, in kg / hm 2 ;

[0020] The mass of zinc sulfate is calculated based on the target increment of effective zinc in the soil, and the calculation formula is as follows:

[0021] In the formula, the adjustment coefficient A1 is 1.7, and the unit of zinc sulfate dosage is kg / hm2. 2 The unit of effective zinc content increase is mg / kg, and the unit of soil bulk density is g / cm 3 .

[0022] Preferably, the grafting monomer is any one of acrylic amine and N,N'-methylenebisacrylamide.

[0023] Preferably, the initiator is any one of potassium persulfate, ammonium persulfate, and sodium bisulfite.

[0024] Preferably, the gelatinized starch is prepared by heating a potato starch solution until the starch is completely gelatinized to obtain the gelatinized starch.

[0025] The preparation method of the zinc type water-retaining organic fertilizer comprises the following steps:

[0026] Weigh chicken and pig manure organic matter, biochar powder, fermented mushroom residue, microbial fermentation agent, amino acid zinc chelating agent and humic acid in a mass ratio of 800-1000:100-150:250-350:1-2:5-7:15-25, and weigh a calculated amount of zinc sulfate;

[0027] The weighed zinc sulfate, biochar powder, fermented mushroom residue, microbial fermentation agent, amino acid zinc chelating agent and humic acid are mixed evenly, and then fermented under film at 23°C to 28°C for 30d to 35d to obtain a fermentation product, which is then mixed evenly with bentonite accounting for 15% to 20% of the total weight of the fermentation product, and granulated to obtain a fertilizer masterbatch;

[0028] Evenly mixing the weighed chicken and pig manure organic matter with the fertilizer masterbatch to obtain a mixture;

[0029] 1.5-2.5% urea-EM bacterial solution is added to the mixture by mass, and aerobic fermentation is carried out at 30-38°C for 2-2.5 days. Then a calculated amount of starch graft copolymer water retaining agent is added, and after composting for 15-25 days of anaerobic fermentation, cold drying and crushing are carried out to obtain the required water-retaining organic fertilizer.

[0030] Preferably, the mixture C / N=25:1-35:1, and the water content of the mixture is 50%-55%.

[0031] Preferably, during aerobic fermentation, the soil is turned upside down every day.

[0032] The zinc-type water-retaining organic fertilizer is used to improve the yield and quality of winter wheat in drylands.

[0033] Preferably, the dry land refers to a soil with a bulk density of 1g / cm 3 ~2g / cm 3 The relative moisture content of the soil layer from 0cm to 20cm is 40% to 50%.

[0034] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0035] 1) The zinc-based water-retaining organic fertilizer provided by the present invention can increase the amount of zinc in ion form by increasing the moisture content of dryland soil to facilitate crop root absorption, increase the zinc content of crop grains, improve crop quality, and can also directly increase the effective zinc content in the soil.

[0036] 2) Zinc-type water-retaining organic fertilizer, on the basis of the original water-retaining and fertilizer-retaining properties of organic fertilizer, adds water-retaining agent during the composting process, which not only increases the microbial activity during composting, improves the air permeability of organic fertilizer, but also enhances the water retention of organic fertilizer in the soil when applied.

[0037] 3) Water-retaining agents with potato starch and urea as main raw materials can be biodegraded in the soil and are economical, simple and environmentally friendly.

[0038] 4) The present invention can improve the water retention capacity of dryland soil and increase the content of soil organic carbon and effective zinc, thereby increasing the yield of winter wheat in dryland. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0039] The specific embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below, but it should be understood that the protection scope of the present invention is not limited by the specific embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work belong to the protection scope of the present invention. The experimental methods described in the embodiments of the present invention are conventional methods unless otherwise specified.

[0040] Biochar powder was purchased from Jiangmen Guanglin Biomass Energy Co., Ltd., fermented mushroom residue was purchased from Zhongshan Pasteur Agricultural Technology Co., Ltd., microbial fermentation bacteria was purchased from Guangzhou Weiliwang Biotechnology Co., Ltd., amino acid zinc chelators were purchased from Emeishan Longteng Biotechnology Co., Ltd., and organic fertilizer fermentation-specific EM bacterial liquid concentrate was purchased from Morita Biotechnology Co., Ltd., and the remaining components were prepared by themselves.

[0041] 1. A method for preparing urea-EM bacterial solution comprises the following steps:

[0042] (1) Prepare urea, EM bacterial solution, and sterile dilution water.

[0043] (2) 120-130 g urea, 270-280 g EM bacterial solution stock liquid and 20 L sterile dilution water are mixed and diluted. The urea-EM bacterial solution used in the present invention contains 120 g urea and 270 g EM bacterial solution.

[0044] (3) The mixed urea-EM bacterial solution was placed at 25°C for fermentation for 5 days. During this period, it can be stirred once a day to ensure uniform fermentation.

[0045] (4) After fermentation is complete, the mixture is refrigerated and stored in preparation for subsequent preparation.

[0046] 2. A method for preparing a starch graft copolymer water retaining agent comprises the following steps:

[0047] (1) A 30% by mass potato starch solution is heated at 90° C. until the starch is completely gelatinized to obtain a starch paste.

[0048] (2) adding 15% of urea to the starch paste, mixing well, and obtaining a mixture;

[0049] (3) Sodium acrylate and acrylic amine monomers, which account for 0.4% of the total weight of the mixture, are copolymerized and cross-linked in a ratio of 1:1 to obtain a resin.

[0050] (4) Adding 0.6% of potassium persulfate initiator and the resin obtained in step (3) to the mixture of step (2) to obtain a polymer product.

[0051] (5) Drying the polymerization product to remove moisture therein to obtain the starch graft copolymer water retaining agent while maintaining the granular state of the product. If necessary, granulate the product by extrusion or spray drying to form it into various granular shapes for easy use and storage of the product.

[0052] 3. The preparation method of zinc type water-retaining organic fertilizer comprises the following steps:

[0053] (1) Quantitatively weigh zinc sulfate and organic matter from chicken and pig manure, and weigh components other than organic matter from chicken and pig manure according to the mass ratio of organic matter from chicken and pig manure, biochar powder, fermented mushroom residue, microbial fermentation agent, amino acid zinc chelating agent and humic acid of 800-1000:100-150:250-350:1-2:5-7:15-25.

[0054] (2) The weighed biochar powder, fermented mushroom residue, microbial fermentation agent, amino acid zinc chelator and humic acid are mixed evenly, and then fermented at 25° C. for 30 to 35 days under a film covering, and then mixed evenly with 15% to 20% of the total weight of the fermented material, and granulated to obtain a fertilizer masterbatch.

[0055] (3) The weighed chicken and pig manure organic matter is mixed evenly with the fertilizer masterbatch obtained in step (2) to obtain a mixture; wherein the C / N of the mixture is controlled to be 25:1-35:1, the water content of the mixture is 50-55%, urea-EM bacterial solution of 1.5-2.5% by mass of the mixture is added, and aerobic fermentation is carried out at 35° C. for 2 days, with the mixture being turned upside down once a day, and then a starch graft copolymer water retaining agent in an amount calculated is added, and after composting for anaerobic fermentation for 15-25 days, the mixture is cold-dried and crushed to obtain the required water-retaining organic fertilizer.

[0056] 3. The present invention calculates the dosage of the starch graft copolymer water retaining agent based on the expected increase of 20% in the relative soil water content; an empirical mathematical model is introduced here:

[0057]

[0058] The formula is used to calculate the amount of water retainer corresponding to the target moisture content. Considering that no water retainer has been applied to the studied soil, that is, the amount of water retainer in the soil is 0, the amount increment of water retainer △X3 is the amount of water retainer X3 corresponding to the target moisture content. Considering the amount of starch graft copolymer water retainer as a variable, that is, X3 variable, then:

[0059]

[0060] Where Y is the effective soil water content (%), ΔY is the increment of effective soil water content (%), which is 20%; X1 represents the particle size ratio of water retainer (%), which is taken as 30%; X2 represents the percentage of soil sand (%), which is taken as 60%; ΔX3 represents the increment of water retainer dosage, X3 represents the water retainer dosage (kg / hm 2 ).

[0061] Substituting the designed X1, X2, ΔY values ​​and adding the compensation coefficient, we get:

[0062]

[0063] R is the corrected water retaining agent dosage (g / kg soil); A1 is the compensation coefficient, which is used to compensate for the loss of water retaining agent during composting fermentation and is taken as 1.8.

[0064] The calculated corrected water retaining agent dosage R is 5.75kg / hm 2 .

[0065] 4. Select organic matter from chicken and pig manure with known carbon content, and calculate the amount of organic fertilizer required per hectare of farmland per year based on the expected increase in soil organic carbon content in dryland farmland;

[0066]

[0067] Among them, soil bulk density is 1.20-1.45g / cm3, 10000m 2 is the square per hectare, 0.2m is the thickness of the tillage layer, C is the carbon content of organic fertilizer, that is, the organic carbon content of chicken and pig manure is 52%; α is the soil carbon sequestration efficiency of dryland winter wheat, which is taken as 22%; A2 is the correction coefficient, which is 1.1, which is used to compensate for the carbon loss caused by oxidation during the composting process.

[0068] 5. Calculate the amount of zinc sulfate heptahydrate based on the increase in soil available zinc content;

[0069]

[0070] Among them, 65 is the relative atomic mass of Zn, 287.55 is the relative molecular mass of ZnSO4·7H2O, and 65 / 287.55 is the mass fraction of zinc in zinc sulfate heptahydrate. The adjustment coefficient A1 is 1.7 to compensate for the negative effects of the cold climate and dry soil in the north on the effectiveness of zinc.

[0071] Example 1

[0072] 1. A method for preparing a starch graft copolymer water retaining agent, comprising the following steps:

[0073] (1) A 30% by mass potato starch solution is heated at 90° C. until the starch is completely gelatinized to obtain a starch paste.

[0074] (2) adding 15% of urea to the starch paste, mixing well, and obtaining a mixture.

[0075] (3) Sodium acrylate and acrylic amine monomers are copolymerized and cross-linked in a 1:1 ratio to obtain a resin.

[0076] (4) To the mixture of (2) are added 0.6% by weight of potassium persulfate initiator and 0.4% by weight of the resin obtained in (3) to obtain a polymerized product.

[0077] (5) Drying the polymerized product to remove water therein to obtain the starch graft copolymer water retaining agent.

[0078] 2. The preparation method of zinc type water-retaining organic fertilizer comprises the following steps:

[0079] (1) Calculate the dosage of zinc sulfate, chicken and pig manure organic matter, and starch graft copolymer water retaining agent. The increment of effective zinc is set to 3 mg / kg, and the dosage of zinc sulfate heptahydrate is calculated to be 60.92 kg / hm 2 ;

[0080] Assuming the soil organic carbon content increment is 0.5 mg / kg, the amount of organic matter in chicken and pig manure is calculated to be 12.98 t / hm 2 ;

[0081] Assuming the soil effective water content increment is 20%, the calculated dosage of starch graft copolymer water retaining agent is 5.75 kg / hm 2 .

[0082] (2) According to the mass ratio of 900:125:300:1.5:5:20, we weighed chicken and pig manure organic matter, biochar powder, fermented mushroom residue, microbial fermentation agent, amino acid zinc chelating agent, and humic acid, and weighed 60.92 kg / hm2 of zinc sulfate heptahydrate according to the calculated amount. 2 .

[0083] (3) The weighed zinc sulfate heptahydrate, biochar powder, fermented mushroom residue, microbial fermentation agent, amino acid zinc chelator and humic acid were mixed evenly, covered with a film and fermented at 25° C. for 35 days, and then mixed evenly with 15% of the total weight of the mixture of bentonite, and granulated to obtain a fertilizer masterbatch.

[0084] (4) The weighed chicken and pig manure organic matter was mixed evenly with the fertilizer masterbatch obtained in (2) to obtain a mixture; 2% of the mass of the mixture was added with urea-EM bacterial solution, and aerobic fermentation was performed at 35° C. for 2 days, with the mixture being stirred up and down once a day; and then 5.75 kg / hm 2 The starch graft copolymer water retaining agent is piled up for anaerobic fermentation for 20 days and then cold-dried and crushed to obtain the required water-retaining organic fertilizer.

[0085] Wherein, the mixture C / N is controlled to be 30:1, and the water content of the mixture is 50%.

[0086] Example 2

[0087] 1. A method for preparing a starch graft copolymer water retaining agent, comprising the following steps:

[0088] (1) A 30% by mass potato starch solution is heated at 90° C. until the starch is completely gelatinized to obtain a starch paste.

[0089] (2) adding 10% urea by weight of the total weight of the starch paste to the starch paste, and mixing well to obtain a mixture.

[0090] (3) Sodium acrylate and acrylic amine monomers are copolymerized and cross-linked in a ratio of 1:1.5 to obtain a resin.

[0091] (4) To the mixture of (2) were added 0.4% by weight of potassium persulfate initiator and 0.6% by weight of the resin obtained in (3) to obtain a polymerized product.

[0092] (5) Drying the polymerized product to remove water therein to obtain the starch graft copolymer water retaining agent.

[0093] 2. The preparation method of zinc type water-retaining organic fertilizer comprises the following steps:

[0094] (1) Calculate the dosage of zinc sulfate, chicken and pig manure organic matter, and starch graft copolymer water retaining agent. The increment of effective zinc is set to 3 mg / kg, and the dosage of zinc sulfate heptahydrate is calculated to be 60.92 kg / hm 2 ;

[0095] Assuming the soil organic carbon content increment is 0.5 mg / kg, the amount of organic matter in chicken and pig manure is calculated to be 12.98 t / hm 2 ;

[0096] Assuming the soil effective water content increment is 20%, the calculated dosage of starch graft copolymer water retaining agent is 5.75 kg / hm 2 .

[0097] (2) According to the mass ratio of 800:150:250:2:6:25, we weighed chicken and pig manure organic matter, biochar powder, fermented mushroom residue, microbial fermentation agent, amino acid zinc chelating agent, and humic acid, and weighed 60.92 kg / hm2 of zinc sulfate heptahydrate according to the calculated amount. 2 .

[0098] (3) The weighed zinc sulfate heptahydrate, biochar powder, fermented mushroom residue, microbial fermentation agent, amino acid zinc chelating agent and humic acid are mixed evenly, covered with a film and fermented at 25° C. for 30 days, and then mixed evenly with 20% of the total weight of the mixture of bentonite, and granulated to obtain a fertilizer masterbatch.

[0099] (4) The weighed chicken and pig manure organic matter was mixed evenly with the fertilizer masterbatch obtained in (2) to obtain a mixture; 1.5% of the mass of the mixture was added with urea-EM bacterial solution, and aerobic fermentation was carried out at 35° C. for 2 days, with the mixture being stirred up and down once a day; and then 5.75 kg / hm 2 The starch graft copolymer water retaining agent is piled up for anaerobic fermentation for 15 days and then cold-dried and crushed to obtain the required water-retaining organic fertilizer.

[0100] Wherein, the mixture C / N is controlled to be 25:1, and the water content of the mixture is 55%.

[0101] Example 3

[0102] 1. A method for preparing a starch graft copolymer water retaining agent, comprising the following steps:

[0103] (1) A 30% by mass potato starch solution is heated at 90° C. until the starch is completely gelatinized to obtain a starch paste.

[0104] (2) adding 20% ​​urea of ​​the total weight of the starch paste to the starch paste, mixing evenly to obtain a mixture;

[0105] (3) Sodium acrylate and acrylic amine monomers are copolymerized and cross-linked in a ratio of 1:1.2 to obtain a resin.

[0106] (4) To the mixture of (2) are added 0.8% by weight of potassium persulfate initiator and 0.3% by weight of the resin obtained in (3) to obtain a polymerized product.

[0107] (5) Drying the polymerized product to remove water therein to obtain the starch graft copolymer water retaining agent.

[0108] 2. The preparation method of zinc type water-retaining organic fertilizer comprises the following steps:

[0109] (1) Calculate the dosage of zinc sulfate, chicken and pig manure organic matter, and starch graft copolymer water retaining agent. The increment of effective zinc is set to 3 mg / kg, and the dosage of zinc sulfate heptahydrate is calculated to be 60.92 kg / hm 2 ;

[0110] Assuming the soil organic carbon content increment is 0.5 mg / kg, the amount of organic matter in chicken and pig manure is calculated to be 12.98 t / hm 2 ;

[0111] Assuming the soil effective water content increment is 20%, the calculated dosage of starch graft copolymer water retaining agent is 5.75 kg / hm 2 .

[0112] (2) According to the mass ratio of 1000:100:350:1:7:15, weigh the organic matter of chicken and pig manure, biochar powder, fermented mushroom residue, microbial fermentation agent, amino acid zinc chelator, and humic acid respectively, and weigh 60.92 kg / hm2 of zinc sulfate heptahydrate according to the calculated amount. 2 .

[0113] (3) The weighed zinc sulfate heptahydrate, biochar powder, fermented mushroom residue, microbial fermentation agent, amino acid zinc chelator and humic acid were mixed evenly, covered with a film and fermented at 25° C. for 33 days, and then mixed evenly with 18% of the total weight of the mixture of bentonite, and granulated to obtain a fertilizer masterbatch.

[0114] (4) The weighed chicken and pig manure organic matter was mixed evenly with the fertilizer masterbatch obtained in (2) to obtain a mixture; 2.5% of the mass of the mixture was added with urea-EM bacterial solution, and aerobic fermentation was carried out at 35° C. for 2 days, with the mixture being stirred up and down once a day; and then 5.75 kg / hm 2 The starch graft copolymer water retaining agent is piled up for anaerobic fermentation for 25 days and then cold-dried and crushed to obtain the required water-retaining organic fertilizer.

[0115] Wherein, the mixture C / N is controlled to be 35:1, and the water content of the mixture is 50%.

[0116] Effect verification

[0117] A method for using dryland soil as winter wheat arable land to improve soil water content, organic matter content and zinc content of winter wheat grains by using a special zinc-type water-retaining organic fertilizer. The special zinc-type water-retaining organic fertilizer is evenly spread on the ground surface, and a rotary tiller is used to turn the mixture into the soil, and the turning depth is 18 cm to 25 cm.

[0118] The test site is a calcareous soil in northern dryland with a soil bulk density of 1.35 g / cm 3 , the relative water content of the soil layer from 0 to 20 cm is 44.8%, the effective zinc content of the soil is 0.58 mg / kg, the organic matter content of the soil is 19.51 g / kg, the salt content of the soil is 0.3% to 0.4%, and the pH is 8.5 to 9.5. The zinc content of the winter wheat grains obtained by planting with the zinc-type water-retaining organic fertilizer of Example 1 of the present invention is 27.7 mg / kg.

[0119] The application time of zinc-type water-retaining organic fertilizer is September 15, 2022, and the soil plowing depth is 0.2m.

[0120] Target soil property change (A+a), where A is the background value of a certain soil property and a is the added value of that soil property.

[0121] Specifically: the relative moisture content of the 0-20cm soil layer is (44.8+20.0)%, the effective zinc content of the soil is (0.58+3.00) mg / kg, and the organic carbon content of the soil is (19.51+0.50) g / kg.

[0122] Table 1 Effects of applying zinc-type water-retaining organic fertilizer for dryland winter wheat on soil water content, organic matter content and grain zinc content

[0123] deal with Target lift value after application Actual improvement after application Soil moisture content (%) 20.0 16.2 Available zinc content in soil (mg / kg) 3.00 3.32 Soil organic carbon content (g / kg) 0.50 0.46 <![CDATA[Winter wheat grain yield (kg / hm 2 )]]> 416 650 Zinc content of winter wheat grains (mg / kg) 5.00 4.98

[0124] Note: The data in this table are from the dry land on the plateau of Shilipu Village, Dingjia Town, Changwu County (measured on September 13, 2023)

[0125] After one year of applying zinc-type water-retaining organic fertilizer specifically for dryland winter wheat, the soil moisture and organic matter content were increased. At the same time, the target increase in winter wheat grain yield was higher than the actual increase, and the actual increase in grain zinc content was close to the theoretical target value, with relatively ideal results.

[0126] It should be noted that when the claims of the present invention involve numerical ranges, it should be understood that the two endpoints of each numerical range and any numerical value between the two endpoints can be selected. In order to avoid redundancy, the present invention describes a preferred embodiment.

[0127] Although the preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described, those skilled in the art may make other changes and modifications to these embodiments once they have learned the basic creative concept. Therefore, the appended claims are intended to be interpreted as including the preferred embodiments and all changes and modifications that fall within the scope of the present invention.

[0128] Obviously, those skilled in the art can make various changes and modifications to the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Thus, if these modifications and variations of the present invention fall within the scope of the claims of the present invention and their equivalents, the present invention is also intended to include these modifications and variations.

Claims

1. A zinc-based water-retaining organic fertilizer, characterized in that: It is made of zinc sulfate, organic matter from chicken and pig manure, biological carbon powder, fermented mushroom residue, microbial fermentation agent, amino acid zinc chelating agent, humic acid, urea-EM bacterial liquid, and water retaining agent; The mass ratio of the chicken and pig manure organic matter, biochar powder, fermented mushroom residue, microbial fermentation agent, amino acid zinc chelating agent and humic acid is 800-1000:100-150:250-350:1-2:5-7:15-25; The urea-EM bacterial solution accounts for 1.5% to 2.5% of the total amount of chicken and pig manure organic matter biochar powder, fermented mushroom residue, microbial fermentation agent, amino acid zinc chelating agent and humic acid; The mass of the water retaining agent is calculated based on the target increment of the effective water content of the soil; The mass of the zinc sulfate is calculated based on the target increment of available zinc in the soil.

2. The preparation method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The mass of the water retaining agent is calculated based on the target increment of the effective soil moisture content; the calculation formula is as follows: Where ΔY is the increment of effective soil water content, in %, and ΔX3 represents the increment of water retaining agent dosage, in kg / hm 2 ; The mass of zinc sulfate is calculated based on the target increment of effective zinc in the soil, and the calculation formula is as follows: In the formula, the adjustment coefficient A1 is 1.7, and the unit of zinc sulfate dosage is kg / hm2. 2 The unit of effective zinc content increase is mg / kg, and the unit of soil bulk density is g / cm 3 .

3. The zinc type water-retaining organic fertilizer according to claim 1, wherein The water retaining agent is a starch graft copolymer water retaining agent, and the preparation method of the starch graft copolymer water retaining agent comprises the following steps: Adding urea to gelatinized starch to obtain a mixture; the mass ratio of the urea to the gelatinized starch is 10-20:100; Copolymerizing sodium acrylate and grafting monomer to obtain resin; the relative molecular mass ratio of the sodium acrylate to the grafting monomer is 1:1 to 1.5; The mixture and the resin react under the action of an initiator to obtain the starch graft copolymer water retaining agent; the mass ratio of the resin to the mixture is 0.3-0.6:100, and the mass ratio of the initiator to the mixture is 0.4-0.8:

100.

4. The zinc type water-retaining organic fertilizer according to claim 3, characterized in that The grafting monomer is any one of acrylic amine and N,N'-methylenebisacrylamide; The initiator is any one of potassium persulfate, ammonium persulfate and sodium bisulfite.

5. The zinc type water-retaining organic fertilizer according to claim 3, characterized in that The gelatinized starch is prepared by heating a potato starch solution until the starch is completely gelatinized to obtain the gelatinized starch.

6. The method for preparing the zinc type water-retaining organic fertilizer according to claim 1, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Weigh chicken and pig manure organic matter, biochar powder, fermented mushroom residue, microbial fermentation agent, amino acid zinc chelating agent and humic acid in a mass ratio of 800-1000:100-150:250-350:1-2:5-7:15-25, and weigh a calculated amount of zinc sulfate; The weighed zinc sulfate, biochar powder, fermented mushroom residue, microbial fermentation agent, amino acid zinc chelating agent and humic acid are mixed evenly, and then fermented under film at 23°C to 28°C for 30d to 35d to obtain a fermentation product, which is then mixed evenly with bentonite accounting for 15% to 20% of the total weight of the fermentation product, and granulated to obtain a fertilizer masterbatch; Evenly mixing the weighed chicken and pig manure organic matter with the fertilizer masterbatch to obtain a mixture; 1.5-2.5% urea-EM bacterial solution is added to the mixture by mass, and aerobic fermentation is carried out at 30-38°C for 2-2.5 days. Then a calculated amount of starch graft copolymer water retaining agent is added, and after composting for 15-25 days of anaerobic fermentation, cold drying and crushing are carried out to obtain the required water-retaining organic fertilizer.

7. The preparation method according to claim 6, characterized in that: Mixture C / N = 25:1 ~ 35:1, the water content of the mixture is 50% ~ 55% 8. The preparation method according to claim 6, characterized in that: During the aerobic fermentation process, turn the soil up and down every day.

9. Use of the zinc-type water-retaining organic fertilizer according to claim 1 in improving the yield and quality of dryland winter wheat.

10. The use according to claim 9, characterized in that: The dry land refers to the soil with a bulk density of 1g / cm 3 ~2g / cm 3 The relative moisture content of the soil layer from 0cm to 20cm is 40% to 50%.

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