Multistage damper spring floating slab ballast bed and adjusting method

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of rail transit equipment, and provides a multi-stage damping spring floating slab ballast bed and an adjusting method, and the multi-stage damping spring floating slab ballast bed comprises a floating slab, an underneath type vibration isolator, a side type vibration isolator, a first rigidity adjusting device, a second rigidity adjusting device, a base, a drainage ditch and a shear hinge device. Compared with a common spring floating slab, the structure has lower dynamic stiffness, but static stiffness is not reduced, and the bearing capacity is guaranteed while the vibration reduction effect of a track system is improved. And the track structure has certain transverse rigidity, so that the stress condition of the track structure in a curve section is obviously improved. And ultralow-frequency vibration reduction within 10 Hz can also be achieved, and the phenomenon of low-frequency vibration amplification of a traditional spring floating slab is restrained.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of rail transit equipment, and in particular relates to a multi-stage vibration-damping spring floating plate track bed and an adjustment method thereof. Background Art

[0002] In recent years, my country's rail transit has developed rapidly, providing great convenience for urban residents' travel and bringing huge economic benefits to society. Since subway lines often pass under densely built-up areas in cities, the vibrations generated by train operation will be transmitted to the upper buildings, thus affecting the daily work and life of residents along the line. With the increase in the mileage of subway lines, the vibration and noise problems of buildings caused by subway train operation have attracted widespread attention, and the country has successively issued relevant policies and regulations to control this issue.

[0003] The spring floating plate track is mainly composed of floating plates, fasteners, rails, spring isolators, and bases. It is a typical mass-spring system with a low natural frequency. It is used in rail transit projects in many countries and regions in the world. The system separates the track plate from the concrete base by jacking with spring isolators, and uses the mass inertia of the floating plate to balance part of the train load. At the same time, the damping of the isolator consumes part of the vibration energy, which greatly reduces the vibration energy generated by the train operation when it is transmitted to the invert and tunnel wall, thereby achieving the vibration reduction function.

[0004] Although the spring floating plate has a good vibration reduction effect, due to its typical linear vibration isolation characteristics, it will have the following problems:

[0005] (1) The vibration reduction capacity of the traditional spring floating plate is heavily dependent on the stiffness of the vibration isolator. If the stiffness of the vibration isolator is too large, the expected vibration reduction effect cannot be achieved. If the stiffness of the vibration isolator is too small, the bearing capacity of the track system will be insufficient, endangering driving safety.

[0006] (2) The traditional spring floating plate is a point-supported type. The vibration isolator only generates a vertical support reaction force, which lacks effective lateral constraints on the floating plate. The force on the curved section is relatively unfavorable, the track geometry is difficult to maintain, and the maintenance workload is large.

[0007] (3) Traditional spring floating plates will amplify vibrations at low frequencies, and usually only produce significant vibration reduction effects above 16 Hz, making it difficult to achieve ultra-low frequency vibration reduction.

[0008] (4) The application scenarios of traditional spring floating plates are only special vibration reduction sections (single vibration reduction level). Medium and high vibration reduction sections need to adopt other vibration reduction methods. Different vibration reduction track types greatly increase the cost of operation and maintenance; the transition sections between vibration reduction sections of different levels require additional design work, and the on-site construction process is complicated, which increases the construction cost.

[0009] Therefore, optimizing and improving the spring floating plate track system is of great engineering significance. Summary of the invention

[0010] In order to overcome the above-mentioned shortcomings of the prior art, the object of the present invention is to provide a multi-stage damping spring floating plate track bed.

[0011] The technical solution adopted by the present invention to solve its technical problem is:

[0012] A multi-stage vibration-damping spring floating plate ballast comprises a floating plate, a bottom-mounted vibration isolator, a side-mounted vibration isolator, a first stiffness adjustment device, a second stiffness adjustment device, a base, a drainage ditch and a shear hinge device;

[0013] The first stiffness adjustment device is arranged at both ends of the floating plate, the drainage ditch is arranged on the base, the second stiffness adjustment device corresponds to the position of the first stiffness adjustment device, the number of the floating plates is more than two, and the shear hinge device is used to connect adjacent floating plates;

[0014] The bottom-mounted vibration isolator has a bottom-mounted vibration-damping part which is movable relative to its length direction and has elasticity, the bottom of the bottom-mounted vibration isolator is connected to the base, and the bottom-mounted vibration-damping part of the bottom-mounted vibration isolator is connected to the floating plate;

[0015] The side-mounted vibration isolator has an elastic side-mounted vibration damping part which can move relative to its length direction. The second stiffness adjustment device has an arc-shaped slide groove. The bottom of the side-mounted vibration isolator slides in cooperation with the slide groove. The second stiffness adjustment device is provided with a limit assembly which can limit the movement of the side-mounted vibration isolator. The side-mounted vibration damping part of the side-mounted vibration isolator is hinged to the first stiffness adjustment device.

[0016] Preferably, the shear hinge device comprises a shear rod, a sleeve, a bottom plate member and a first bolt member, the bottom plate member is connected to the floating plate member via the first bolt member, the sleeve is arranged on the bottom plate member, and the shear rod is slidably matched with the sleeve.

[0017] Preferably, an iron pad for connecting the first bolt member is provided on the side of the floating plate member, and both ends of the shear rod are respectively slidably matched with the shaft sleeves at the adjacent bottom plate member.

[0018] Preferably, the first stiffness adjustment device includes an angle steel member, a pin member, a rib plate and a second bolt member, the rib plate is arranged at the bending part of the angle steel member, the side-mounted vibration damping part of the side-mounted vibration isolator is hinged to the rib plate through the pin member, and the angle steel member is fixed to the floating plate member through the second bolt member.

[0019] Preferably, the second stiffness adjustment device comprises an adjustment base, and the slide slot is arranged on the adjustment base;

[0020] The limiting assembly includes a limiting through hole group and a limiting bolt member, the limiting through hole group is more than two in number and is arranged on the adjustment base along the extension direction of the slide slot, the limiting bolt member is two in number and cooperates with the limiting through hole group to form a limiting portion for limiting the movement of the side-mounted vibration isolator;

[0021] The position-limiting through hole group includes through hole portions symmetrically arranged on both sides of the slide groove.

[0022] Preferably, the bottom-mounted vibration isolator comprises a first bottom-mounted sleeve, a second bottom-mounted sleeve, a first coil spring member, a sealing rubber ring and a damping fluid;

[0023] The first lower sleeve and the second lower sleeve are arranged opposite to each other up and down and form an lower cavity for accommodating the first coil spring member, the sealing rubber ring is arranged between the first lower sleeve and the second lower sleeve, the damping fluid is arranged in the second lower sleeve, a first sealing plate is arranged at the sleeve opening of the second lower sleeve, and the first coil spring member penetrates the first sealing plate;

[0024] The first under-mounted sleeve and the first coil spring member form the under-mounted vibration damping portion.

[0025] Preferably, the side-mounted vibration isolator comprises a first side-mounted sleeve, a second side-mounted sleeve, a second coil spring member and a damping fluid;

[0026] The first side-mounted sleeve and the second side-mounted sleeve are arranged opposite to each other up and down and form a side-mounted cavity for accommodating the second coil spring member, the damping fluid is arranged in the second side-mounted sleeve, a second sealing plate is arranged at the sleeve opening of the second side-mounted sleeve, and the second coil spring member penetrates the second sealing plate;

[0027] The bottom of the second side-mounted sleeve is provided with an arc-shaped limiting plate that slidably cooperates with the sliding groove;

[0028] The first side-mounted sleeve and the second coil spring member form the side-mounted vibration damping portion.

[0029] Preferably, it also includes an observation hole and a rail support platform, wherein the observation hole is arranged in the middle of the floating plate, the rail support platform is arranged on the top of the floating plate and is located on both sides of the observation hole, and the drainage ditch is located below the observation hole.

[0030] Preferably, it further comprises a rubber strip, which is arranged at both ends of the floating plate and covers the first stiffness adjusting device and the second stiffness adjusting device.

[0031] The present invention also includes a method for adjusting a multi-stage vibration-damping spring floating plate ballast, which is applied to the multi-stage vibration-damping spring floating plate ballast described above, and the steps are as follows:

[0032] S1. Determine the comprehensive dynamic stiffness coefficient K of the multi-stage damping spring floating plate ballast:

[0033]

[0034] Where X is the vertical displacement of the floating plate relative to the equilibrium position, L 1 is the initial length of the side-mounted vibration isolator, k 1 is the stiffness coefficient of the side-mounted vibration isolator, k 2 is the stiffness coefficient of the bottom-mounted vibration isolator, and a is the horizontal distance between the side-mounted vibration isolator and the middle of the floating plate;

[0035] S2, the angle between the force direction of the side-mounted vibration reduction part of the side-mounted vibration isolator acting on the floating plate and the horizontal plane is set as the action angle θ, and the action angle θ is adjusted according to the use requirements, thereby adjusting L 1 , thereby adjusting the comprehensive dynamic stiffness coefficient K of the multi-stage damping spring floating plate ballast.

[0036] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention include:

[0037] (1) The structure of the present invention has lower dynamic stiffness than that of a common spring floating plate, but the static stiffness is not reduced, that is, the vibration reduction effect of the track system is improved while the bearing capacity is guaranteed.

[0038] (2) The multi-stage damping spring floating plate track bed proposed in the present invention has a certain lateral stiffness, which significantly improves the stress condition of the track structure in curved sections.

[0039] (3) The multi-stage vibration-damping spring floating plate ballast proposed in the present invention can achieve ultra-low frequency vibration reduction within 10 Hz, and suppress the "low-frequency vibration amplification" phenomenon of the traditional spring floating plate.

[0040] (4) The multi-stage vibration-damping spring floating plate ballast proposed in the present invention has multi-stage vibration-damping capability, and its dynamic stiffness can be arbitrarily adjusted within a certain range. It can be applied to all sections of medium, high and special vibration-damping roads, and unify the vibration-damping track type. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0041] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the accompanying drawings required for use in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the accompanying drawings described below are some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other accompanying drawings can be obtained based on these accompanying drawings without paying any creative work.

[0042] Figure 1 It is a three-dimensional view of the multi-stage vibration-damping spring floating plate track bed of the present invention.

[0043] Figure 2 It is a cross-sectional view of the multi-stage vibration-damping spring floating plate ballast of the present invention.

[0044] Figure 3 for Figure 2 A magnified schematic diagram of the marker A.

[0045] Figure 4 It is a structural diagram of the bottom-mounted vibration isolator of the present invention.

[0046] Figure 5 It is a structural diagram of the side-mounted vibration isolator of the present invention.

[0047] Figure 6 It is a side view of the first stiffness adjustment device of the present invention.

[0048] Figure 7 It is a cross-sectional view of the first stiffness adjustment device of the present invention.

[0049] Figure 8 It is a cross-sectional view in the front view direction of the second stiffness adjustment device of the present invention.

[0050] Fig. 9 It is a cross-sectional view in the top view of the second stiffness adjustment device of the present invention.

[0051] Fig.10 It is a schematic diagram of adjusting the side-mounted vibration isolator of the present invention.

[0052] Fig.11 It is a schematic diagram of the arrangement of the bottom-mounted vibration isolator and the side-mounted vibration isolator of the present invention.

[0053] Fig.12 It is a structural diagram of the shear hinge device of the present invention.

[0054] Fig.13 It is a schematic diagram of the installation of the shear hinge device of the present invention.

[0055] Fig.14 The invention discloses the mechanical principle of the multi-stage damping spring floating plate ballast.

[0056] Fig.15 It is the KX stiffness coefficient curve of the present invention.

[0057] Fig.16 This is the track-tunnel-soil coupling model of the present invention.

[0058] Fig.17 is the wheel-rail force spectrum.

[0059] Fig.18 The comparison chart of tunnel wall vibration level spectrum with and without lateral support device.

[0060] Fig.19 The comparison chart shows the spectrum of tunnel wall vibration level at different initial lengths.

[0061] Fig. 20 The comparison chart of tunnel wall vibration level spectrum with the same isolator stiffness.

[0062] in:

[0063] 1- floating plate;

[0064] 2-lower-mounted vibration isolator, 21-first lower-mounted sleeve, 22-second lower-mounted sleeve, 23-first sealing plate, 24-sealing rubber ring, 25-damping fluid, 26-first coil spring member, 27-spring limiting device;

[0065] 3-side-mounted vibration isolator, 31-first side-mounted sleeve, 32-second side-mounted sleeve, 33-second coil spring member, 34-second sealing plate, 35-arc-shaped limiting plate;

[0066] 4-first stiffness adjustment device, 41-angle steel member, 42-second bolt member, 43-pin member;

[0067] 5-a second stiffness adjustment device, 51-an adjustment base, 52-a slide groove, 53-a through hole, 54-a limiting bolt member;

[0068] 6- base,

[0069] 7-Rubber strip,

[0070] 8- Rail support platform,

[0071] 9- Drainage ditch,

[0072] 10- Observation hole,

[0073] 11-shear hinge device, 111-shear rod, 112-shaft sleeve, 113-bottom plate member, 114-first bolt member, 115-iron pad. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0074] In order to more clearly understand the above-mentioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention, the present invention is described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. It should be noted that, in the absence of conflict, the embodiments of the present application and the features in the embodiments can be combined with each other. In the following description, many specific details are set forth in order to fully understand the present invention, and the embodiments described are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in the art without making creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0075] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as those commonly understood by those skilled in the art of the present invention. The terms used in the specification of the present invention herein are only for the purpose of describing specific embodiments and are not intended to limit the present invention.

[0076] Example:

[0077] like Figure 1-20 As shown, in this embodiment, a multi-stage vibration-damping spring floating plate ballast is provided, comprising a floating plate 1, a bottom-mounted vibration isolator 2, a side-mounted vibration isolator 3, a first stiffness adjustment device 4, a second stiffness adjustment device 5, a base 6, a drainage ditch 9 and a shear hinge device 11;

[0078] The first stiffness adjusting device 4 is fixed to the ends of the two sides of the floating plate, the second stiffness adjusting device 5 is fixed to the surface of the tunnel wall, and the position of the second stiffness adjusting device 5 corresponds to the position of the first stiffness adjusting device 4; the lower vibration isolator 2 is arranged on the surface of the base 6, the lower vibration isolator 2 lifts the floating plate 1 to make it leave the surface of the base 6, and the two ends of the side vibration isolator 3 are respectively connected to the first stiffness adjusting device 4 and the second stiffness adjusting device 5; the lower vibration isolator 2 and the side vibration isolator 3 jointly support the floating plate 1; a shear hinge is arranged between adjacent floating plates 1 The invention relates to a device 11, specifically, a shear hinge device 11 is installed on the side of the floating plate 1, and a rail support platform 8 is prefabricated on the surface of the floating plate 1, and the upper part of the rail support platform 8 is used to install fasteners and rails; a drainage ditch 9 is provided in the middle of the base 6, and an observation hole 10 is provided in the middle of the floating plate, and the ditch can be checked and cleaned through the observation hole 10; it also includes a rubber strip 7, specifically, the rubber strip 7 is provided at both ends of the floating plate 1, and is laid on the upper surface and side of the first stiffness adjustment device 4 and the second stiffness adjustment device 5 along the line direction, so as to prevent the environment from eroding the side-mounted vibration isolator 3 and prolong the service life of the track.

[0079] See also Figure 4The bottom-mounted vibration isolator 2 of this embodiment is a cylindrical structure, including a first bottom-mounted sleeve 21, a second bottom-mounted sleeve 22, a first coil spring member 26 and a damping fluid 25. The first coil spring member 26 is placed between the first bottom-mounted sleeve 21 and the second bottom-mounted sleeve 22. Spring limit devices 27 are respectively provided in the first bottom-mounted sleeve 21 and the second bottom-mounted sleeve 22 to ensure that the first coil spring member 26 only undergoes vertical deformation under load; the second bottom-mounted sleeve 22 contains damping fluid 25, and a first sealing plate 23 is provided at the sleeve opening of the second bottom-mounted sleeve 22. The first coil spring member 26 runs through the first sealing plate 23, and a lower part of the first coil spring member 26 is immersed in the damping fluid 25; a sealing rubber ring 24 is provided between the first bottom-mounted sleeve 21 and the second bottom-mounted sleeve 22 to prevent the surrounding environment from polluting the first coil spring member 26 and the damping fluid 25, thereby improving the service life of the components. When the bottom-mounted vibration isolator 2 bears the deadweight of the track system and the running load of the train, the first coil spring member 26 is in a compressed state.

[0080] See also Figure 5 The side-mounted vibration isolator 3 of this embodiment is a cylindrical structure, including a first side-mounted sleeve 31, a second side-mounted sleeve 32, a second coil spring member 33, a damping fluid 25, and an arc-shaped limit plate 35. The second coil spring member 33 is arranged between the first side-mounted sleeve 31 and the second side-mounted sleeve 32 and is rigidly connected thereto. The second side-mounted sleeve 32 contains the damping fluid 25. A second sealing plate 34 is provided at the sleeve opening of the second side-mounted sleeve 32. The second coil spring member 33 penetrates the second sealing plate 34, and a lower part of the second coil spring member 33 is immersed in the damping fluid 25. The lower surface of the second side-mounted sleeve 32 is an arc-shaped structure, and an arc-shaped limit plate 35 is provided.

[0081] The first stiffness adjusting device 4 of this embodiment is fixed to the side surfaces at both ends of the floating plate 1, and the second stiffness adjusting device 5 is fixed to the tunnel wall surface; the side-mounted vibration isolator 3 can adjust the initial length and action angle of the side-mounted vibration isolator 3 through the first stiffness adjusting device 4 and the second stiffness adjusting device 5, thereby changing the overall stiffness of the track system to achieve different vibration reduction effects. Under static load, the side-mounted vibration isolator 3 exerts a tensile force on the floating plate 1, and the second coil spring member 33 is in a stretched state.

[0082] See also Figure 6 and 7 The first stiffness adjustment device 4 of this embodiment includes an angle steel member 41, a pin member 43, a rib plate and a second bolt member 42. The rib plate is arranged at the bending part of the angle steel member 41 to enhance the structural stability, the first side-mounted sleeve 31 of the side-mounted vibration isolator 3 is hinged to the rib plate through the pin member 43, and the angle steel member 41 is fixed to the side surface of the floating plate member 1 through the second bolt member 42.

[0083] See also Figure 8 and 9 The second stiffness adjustment device 5 includes an adjustment base 51 and a limit assembly, wherein an arc-shaped slide groove 52 is provided on the adjustment base 51, the bottom of the adjustment base 51 is fixed to the tunnel wall surface, the lower surface of the second side-mounted sleeve 32 and the arc-shaped limit plate 35 are slidably matched with the slide groove 52, so that the action angle of the side-mounted vibration isolator 3 can be adjusted, and the limit assembly includes a limit through hole group and a limit bolt member 54. The number of the limit through hole group is more than two and is arranged on the adjustment base 51 along the extension direction of the slide groove 52. The number of the limit bolt members 54 is two and cooperates with the limit through hole group to form a limit portion for limiting the movement of the side-mounted vibration isolator 3. The side-mounted vibration isolator 3 can adjust the initial length of the vibration isolator in this way. The limit through hole group includes through hole portions 53 symmetrically arranged on both sides of the slide groove 52.

[0084] See also Fig.10 The side-mounted vibration isolator 3 of this embodiment can adjust its initial length L by the first stiffness adjusting device 4 and the second stiffness adjusting device 5. 1 and the action angle θ, the initial length needs to be adjusted accordingly to meet the relevant design specifications. In one embodiment, the initial length L of the side-mounted vibration isolator 3 1 The adjustable range is 50mm~300mm, and the adjustable range of the angle θ between the action direction and the lateral direction is recommended to be arcsin(3 / 300)~arcsin(3 / 50); specifically, it can be divided into 5 gears, and the initial length L of the side-mounted vibration isolator 3 in gear 1 is 1 is 50 mm, and the corresponding angle θ is adjusted to arcsin (3 / 50); the initial length L of the side-mounted vibration isolator 3 in gear 2 1 is 100 mm, and the corresponding angle θ is adjusted to arcsin (3 / 100); the initial length L of the side-mounted vibration isolator 3 of gear 3 1 is 150 mm, and the corresponding angle θ is adjusted to arcsin (3 / 150); the initial length L of the side-mounted vibration isolator 3 of gear 4 1 is 200 mm, and the corresponding angle θ is adjusted to arcsin (3 / 200); the initial length L of the side-mounted vibration isolator 3 in gear 5 1 The initial length L of the side-mounted vibration isolator 3 in gear position 6 is 300 mm, and the corresponding angle θ is adjusted to arcsin (3 / 300). 1 The action angle θ should be adjusted in a targeted manner according to the line form and passenger capacity to meet the vibration reduction needs of the train under different operating conditions.

[0085] See also Fig.11The length of the floating plate 1 of this embodiment can be 4800mm. Four pairs of bottom-mounted vibration isolators 2 and four pairs of side-mounted vibration isolators 3 are arranged under the floating plate 1 of the standard section. In principle, a pair of vibration isolator systems (two bottom-mounted vibration isolators 2 and two side-mounted vibration isolators 3) are arranged between two rail platforms 8. Under static load conditions and train running load conditions, the bottom-mounted vibration isolators 2 of the floating plate track always bear the deadweight of the track system and the traffic load, bear pressure, and produce compression deformation; under static load conditions and train running load conditions, the side-mounted vibration isolators 3 always exert tension between the side of the floating plate and the tunnel wall surface, producing tensile deformation; when the system is in a balanced state, that is, when the bottom-mounted vibration isolators 2 are at the maximum compression, the side-mounted vibration isolators 3 are not subjected to force and do not produce deformation. The floating plate track system has a nonlinear change in stiffness over time under the action of train running loads, which can produce a good vibration reduction effect in the low frequency band of 5 to 16 Hz, and the vibration reduction effect above 5 Hz is stronger than that of the traditional spring floating plate.

[0086] See also Fig.12 and 13 The side-mounted shear hinge device 11 of this embodiment includes a shear rod 111, a sleeve 112, a bottom plate 113 and a first bolt 114. The sleeve 112 is rigidly connected to the bottom plate 113, and the shear rod 111 is installed in the sleeve 112; an iron pad 115 is provided on the side of the floating plate 1, and the iron pad 115 is cast as one with the floating plate 1; the bottom plate 113 is connected to the iron pad 115 on the side of the floating plate 1 through the first bolt 114; the shear hinge devices 11 should be arranged in pairs at the joints of the ends of adjacent floating plates 1, and the arrangement of the shear hinge devices 11 should not conflict with the arrangement of the side-mounted vibration isolator 3, and the corresponding hole positions should be reserved in advance.

[0087] The mechanical principle of the multi-stage damping spring floating plate ballast of this embodiment is:

[0088] See also Fig.14, for the sake of simplicity, the multi-stage damping spring floating plate track bed can be equivalent to a "mass-spring" system consisting of two inclined springs + one vertical spring + a mass block, wherein the inclined spring is equivalent to the side-mounted vibration isolator 3, the vertical spring is equivalent to the bottom-mounted vibration isolator 2, and the mass block is equivalent to the floating plate 1. The inclined spring mainly provides negative stiffness, and the vertical spring provides positive stiffness. The three groups of springs in parallel can reduce the dynamic stiffness of the system. Initially, the mass block P maintains static equilibrium under the joint action of springs AP, BP, and CP. At this time, springs AP and BP are in a tensile state, and spring CP is in a compressed state; after loading, the mass block P moves downward a distance x under the action of the external load F, and the stretching of springs AP and BP gradually decreases, and spring CP continues to compress until dynamic equilibrium is reached; when balanced, the mass block P maintains dynamic equilibrium under the joint action of springs AP, BP, CP and external load F. At this time, springs AP and BP are in a zero tension / compression state and are located in a horizontal position, and spring CP is in a maximum compression state. Where L 1 is the initial length of the side-mounted vibration isolator 3, k 1 is the stiffness coefficient of the side-mounted vibration isolator 3, k 2 is the stiffness coefficient of the bottom-mounted vibration isolator 2, a is the horizontal distance between the side-mounted vibration isolator 3 and the middle of the floating plate 1, X is the vertical displacement of the floating plate 1 relative to the equilibrium position, and Mg is the weight of the mass block.

[0089] Therefore, according to the above principle, the present invention also includes a method for adjusting a multi-stage damping spring floating plate track bed, the steps are as follows:

[0090] S1. Determine the comprehensive dynamic stiffness coefficient K of the multi-stage damping spring floating plate ballast:

[0091]

[0092] Where X is the vertical displacement of the floating plate 1 relative to the equilibrium position, L 1 is the initial length of the side-mounted vibration isolator 3, k 1 is the stiffness coefficient of the side-mounted vibration isolator 3, k 2 is the stiffness coefficient of the bottom-mounted vibration isolator 2, a is the horizontal distance between the side-mounted vibration isolator 3 and the middle of the floating plate 1;

[0093] S2. Set the angle between the force direction of the side-mounted vibration reduction part of the side-mounted vibration isolator 3 acting on the floating plate 1 and the horizontal plane as the action angle θ, and adjust the action angle θ according to the use requirements, so as to adjust L 1 , thereby adjusting the comprehensive dynamic stiffness coefficient K of the multi-stage damping spring floating plate ballast;

[0094] Specifically, when k 1 =7kN / mm, k 2 =5kN / mm, L1 =300mm, a = 250mm, the curve of the system dynamic stiffness K changing with displacement X is shown in the figure below: Fig.15 , we can see that K<min(k 1 , k 2 ).

[0095] In order to verify the vibration reduction effect of the multi-stage vibration reduction spring floating plate ballast proposed in this invention, a finite length track-tunnel-soil dynamic model was established, such as Fig.16 In the model, rails and floating plates are simulated as Timoshenko beam elements; tunnels are simulated as cylindrical thin shells; fasteners, isolators, and soil are simulated as spring-damper elements; and the applied load is the wheel-rail force measured on a subway line in southern China, such as Fig.17 .

[0096] (1) Vertical vibration level of tunnel wall with or without lateral support device:

[0097] Fig.18 The vertical vibration level spectrum comparison diagram of the tunnel wall under three different track forms (spring floating slab ballast with lateral support device, traditional spring floating slab ballast and ordinary integral ballast) under the action of wheel-rail force.

[0098] It can be seen from the figure that when the vertical spring stiffness k 2 =7kN / mm, the conventional spring floating plate track and the lateral support floating plate track have better vibration reduction effect than the integral track; however, the conventional spring floating plate track has obvious amplification phenomenon in the range of 5-20Hz, while the floating plate track in the present invention basically suppresses this phenomenon in this frequency range.

[0099] (2) Different initial lengths L 1 Vertical vibration level of lower tunnel wall:

[0100] Fig.19 is the dynamic response of the track system of the present invention under the wheel-rail force when the lateral support device has different initial lengths. 1 Vertical vibration level spectrum of the tunnel wall when ∈[50~300]mm.

[0101] It can be seen from the figure that when the vertical spring stiffness k 2 =7kN / mm, above 5Hz, as the initial length of the lateral isolator increases, the Z vibration level of the tunnel wall gradually decreases, and the vibration reduction effect is better.

[0102] (3) Vertical vibration level of the tunnel wall under different vibration isolator stiffness:

[0103] Fig. 20 is the dynamic response of the track system under the wheel-rail force when the isolator stiffness is different.1 =k 2 , calculate k respectively 1 Vertical vibration level spectrum of the tunnel wall in the range of ∈[4~11.5]kN / mm.

[0104] It can be seen from the figure that when the initial length L of the inclined spring 1 =150mm, above 5Hz, as the stiffness of the isolator decreases, the vibration level of the tunnel wall gradually decreases, and the vibration reduction effect is better.

[0105] In summary, the advantages of the present invention are as follows:

[0106] (1) The structure of the present invention has lower dynamic stiffness than that of a common spring floating plate, but the static stiffness is not reduced, that is, the vibration reduction effect of the track system is improved while the bearing capacity is guaranteed.

[0107] (2) The multi-stage damping spring floating plate track bed proposed in the present invention has a certain lateral stiffness, which significantly improves the stress condition of the track structure in curved sections.

[0108] (3) The multi-stage vibration-damping spring floating plate ballast proposed in the present invention can achieve ultra-low frequency vibration reduction within 10 Hz, and suppress the "low-frequency vibration amplification" phenomenon of the traditional spring floating plate.

[0109] (4) The multi-stage vibration-damping spring floating plate ballast proposed in the present invention has multi-stage vibration-damping capability, and its dynamic stiffness can be arbitrarily adjusted within a certain range. It can be applied to all sections of medium, high and special vibration-damping roads, and unify the vibration-damping track type.

[0110] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and does not limit the present invention in any form. Therefore, any modification, equivalent change and modification made to the above embodiment according to the technical essence of the present invention without departing from the technical solution of the present invention shall still fall within the scope of the technical solution of the present invention.

Claims

1. A multi-stage damping spring floating plate ballast, characterized in that: include: A floating plate, a bottom-mounted vibration isolator, a side-mounted vibration isolator, a first stiffness adjustment device, a second stiffness adjustment device, a base, a drainage ditch and a shear hinge device; The first stiffness adjustment device is arranged at both ends of the floating plate, the drainage ditch is arranged on the base, the second stiffness adjustment device corresponds to the position of the first stiffness adjustment device, the number of the floating plates is more than two, and the shear hinge device is used to connect adjacent floating plates; The bottom-mounted vibration isolator has a bottom-mounted vibration-damping part which is movable relative to its length direction and has elasticity, the bottom of the bottom-mounted vibration isolator is connected to the base, and the bottom-mounted vibration-damping part of the bottom-mounted vibration isolator is connected to the floating plate; The side-mounted vibration isolator has an elastic side-mounted vibration damping part which can move relative to its length direction. The second stiffness adjustment device has an arc-shaped slide groove. The bottom of the side-mounted vibration isolator slides in cooperation with the slide groove. The second stiffness adjustment device is provided with a limit assembly which can limit the movement of the side-mounted vibration isolator. The side-mounted vibration damping part of the side-mounted vibration isolator is hinged to the first stiffness adjustment device.

2. The multi-stage damping spring floating plate ballast according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The shear hinge device comprises a shear rod, a shaft sleeve, a bottom plate and a first bolt member, the bottom plate is connected to the floating plate member through the first bolt member, the shaft sleeve is arranged on the bottom plate member, and the shear rod is slidably matched with the shaft sleeve.

3. The multi-stage damping spring floating plate ballast according to claim 2 is characterized in that: An iron pad for connecting the first bolt member is provided on the side of the floating plate member, and both ends of the shear rod are respectively slidably matched with the shaft sleeves at the adjacent bottom plate member.

4. The multi-stage damping spring floating plate ballast according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The first stiffness adjustment device includes an angle steel member, a pin member, a rib plate and a second bolt member. The rib plate is arranged at the bending part of the angle steel member. The side-mounted vibration reduction part of the side-mounted vibration isolator is hinged to the rib plate through the pin member. The angle steel member is fixed to the floating plate member through the second bolt member.

5. The multi-stage damping spring floating plate ballast according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The second stiffness adjustment device comprises an adjustment base, and the slide slot is arranged on the adjustment base; The limiting assembly includes a limiting through hole group and a limiting bolt member, the limiting through hole group is more than two in number and is arranged on the adjustment base along the extension direction of the slide slot, the limiting bolt member is two in number and cooperates with the limiting through hole group to form a limiting portion for limiting the movement of the side-mounted vibration isolator; The position-limiting through hole group includes through hole portions symmetrically arranged on both sides of the slide groove.

6. The multi-stage damping spring floating plate ballast according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The bottom-mounted vibration isolator comprises a first bottom-mounted sleeve, a second bottom-mounted sleeve, a first coil spring member, a sealing rubber ring and a damping fluid; The first lower sleeve and the second lower sleeve are arranged opposite to each other up and down and form an lower cavity for accommodating the first coil spring member, the sealing rubber ring is arranged between the first lower sleeve and the second lower sleeve, the damping fluid is arranged in the second lower sleeve, a first sealing plate is arranged at the sleeve opening of the second lower sleeve, and the first coil spring member penetrates the first sealing plate; The first under-mounted sleeve and the first coil spring member form the under-mounted vibration damping portion.

7. The multi-stage damping spring floating plate track bed according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The side-mounted vibration isolator comprises a first side-mounted sleeve, a second side-mounted sleeve, a second coil spring member and a damping fluid; The first side-mounted sleeve and the second side-mounted sleeve are arranged opposite to each other up and down and form a side-mounted cavity for accommodating the second coil spring member, the damping fluid is arranged in the second side-mounted sleeve, a second sealing plate is arranged at the sleeve opening of the second side-mounted sleeve, and the second coil spring member penetrates the second sealing plate; The bottom of the second side-mounted sleeve is provided with an arc-shaped limiting plate that slidably cooperates with the sliding groove; The first side-mounted sleeve and the second coil spring member form the side-mounted vibration damping portion.

8. The multi-stage damping spring floating plate track bed according to claim 1 is characterized in that: It also includes an observation hole and a rail support platform, wherein the observation hole is arranged in the middle of the floating plate, the rail support platform is arranged on the top of the floating plate and is located on both sides of the observation hole, and the drainage ditch is located below the observation hole.

9. The multi-stage damping spring floating plate track bed according to claim 1 is characterized in that: It also includes rubber strips, which are arranged at both ends of the floating plate and cover the first stiffness adjusting device and the second stiffness adjusting device.

10. A method for adjusting a multi-stage damping spring floating plate track bed, characterized in that: The multi-stage damping spring floating plate ballast as described in any one of claims 1 to 9 above is applied, and the steps are as follows: S1. Determine the comprehensive dynamic stiffness coefficient K of the multi-stage damping spring floating plate ballast: Wherein, X is the vertical displacement of the floating plate relative to the equilibrium position, L1 is the initial length of the side-mounted vibration isolator, k1 is the stiffness coefficient of the side-mounted vibration isolator, k2 is the stiffness coefficient of the bottom-mounted vibration isolator, and a is the horizontal distance between the side-mounted vibration isolator and the middle of the floating plate; S2. The angle between the force direction of the side-mounted vibration-damping part of the side-mounted vibration isolator acting on the floating plate and the horizontal plane is set as an action angle θ, and the action angle θ is adjusted according to usage requirements, thereby adjusting L1, thereby adjusting the comprehensive dynamic stiffness coefficient K of the multi-stage vibration-damping spring floating plate track bed.

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