Natural vibration pulse abrasive jet assisted TBM rock breaking device and method

Abstract

The invention discloses a natural vibration pulse abrasive jet assisted TBM rock breaking device and method, and relates to the technical field of tunnel excavation and tunneling construction mechanical equipment, and the device comprises a multi-mode natural vibration pulse abrasive jet assisted TBM rock breaking cutterhead, an abrasive jet generation system, an extremely hard rock abrasive machining system and a rebound apparatus. According to the multi-mode natural vibration pulse abrasive jet assisted TBM rock breaking cutterhead, natural vibration pulse abrasive jet is adopted to assist the TBM in rock breaking, efficient rock breaking of the TBM in a high-strength and high-abrasiveness stratum is achieved, abrasion of a cutter is reduced, energy consumption of a machine is reduced, the consistency of the overall rock breaking efficiency of the TBM cutterhead can be guaranteed, and the service life of the TBM cutterhead is prolonged. The problems of high local rock breaking efficiency and low edge rock breaking efficiency of a cutterhead are avoided, an extremely-hard rock abrasive machining system is designed in the TBM, extremely-hard rock residues can be recycled and machined into extremely-hard rock abrasives for jet rock breaking, use of industrial abrasives is reduced, and therefore the engineering tunneling cost is reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of tunnel excavation and construction machinery and equipment, and in particular to a self-vibrating pulse abrasive jet-assisted TBM rock breaking device and method. Background Art

[0002] The full-face tunnel boring machine has become the first choice and development trend for deep and long tunnel excavation construction with its advantages of high construction quality, high efficiency and environmental protection, and small surrounding rock disturbance. However, when TBM encounters high-strength and highly abrasive strata during excavation, it will inevitably lead to a series of problems such as low TBM excavation efficiency and serious tool consumption, which seriously affect the TBM construction progress and cost control. At present, it is mainly achieved by reasonably optimizing the cutterhead layout and tool parameters, and adjusting and controlling the machine excavation parameters to achieve lower tool wear and higher excavation efficiency. However, the above methods can only slightly improve the problem to a certain extent, and cannot solve the inherent contradiction between tool wear and excavation efficiency. In response to the above shortcomings, some innovative rock breaking concepts have been proposed, mainly including laser, microwave, ultrasonic, water jet, thermal coupling, etc. Among them, water jet assisted rock breaking technology is considered to be one of the most effective ways to improve the rock breaking ability of TBM. The use of this technology is expected to completely solve the problem of low TBM excavation performance under extreme formation conditions.

[0003] Water jet assisted rock breaking technology mounts a high-pressure water jet nozzle on the TBM cutterhead, and uses the pre-cut seam formed by the high-pressure water jet cutting the face to assist the TBM in efficient rock breaking. Among various types of water jets, the self-excited oscillating pulse abrasive water jet has a stronger rock breaking ability and lower energy consumption. Mounting it on the TBM cutterhead can better improve the rock breaking efficiency of the TBM. For the TBM hydraulic coupling cutterhead, due to the different installation positions of the nozzle, when the cutterhead speed is constant, the linear speed of the nozzle will vary greatly, resulting in a large difference in the rock breaking effect of the jet. Therefore, when designing the TBM hydraulic coupling cutterhead device, it is necessary to use a variety of jet assisted rock breaking modes to ensure that the overall rock breaking effect of the cutterhead is consistent. In addition, the abrasive jet also needs to consider the high consumption of abrasives. The large-scale use of abrasives will greatly increase the excavation cost of the project. In industry Commonly used garnet abrasives are used to assist jet rock breaking. Their hardness is similar to that of extremely hard rock, so extremely hard rock abrasives can be used to replace them. The rock in high-strength and high-abrasive formations is mainly hard rock. When TBM excavates in this formation, a large amount of extremely hard rock slag will be generated, which can be processed into extremely hard rock abrasives for use in rock breaking, thereby reducing the excavation cost of the project. Therefore, when designing the TBM hydraulic coupling device, an abrasive processing system can be equipped inside the equipment to process the extremely hard rock slag generated by rock breaking into extremely hard rock abrasives for use in rock breaking. According to the above ideas, it is necessary to design a self-vibrating pulse abrasive jet-assisted TBM rock breaking device and propose a corresponding working method. In addition, it is also necessary to design a cutterhead speed calculation method so that the TBM excavator can calculate the corresponding cutterhead speed when encountering different types of rocks. Therefore, it is necessary to propose a self-vibrating pulse abrasive jet-assisted TBM rock breaking device and method to solve the problems in the prior art. Summary of the invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to make up for the shortcomings of the prior art and provide a self-oscillating pulse abrasive jet-assisted TBM rock breaking device and method, which can ensure the consistency of the overall rock breaking efficiency of the TBM cutter head, and can realize real-time regulation of multiple parameters such as TBM device parameters, TBM excavation parameters, jet parameters, etc., to achieve efficient rock breaking of TBM in high-strength and high-abrasive formations, reduce tool wear and machine energy consumption; it can also process extremely hard rock slag into extremely hard rock abrasives for use in jet rock breaking, thereby reducing the excavation cost of the project. When the TBM faces different rocks in high-strength and high-abrasive formations, the corresponding cutter head rotation speed can be calculated, thereby improving the TBM rock breaking efficiency and reducing rock breaking energy consumption.

[0005] In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention provides the following technical solutions: a self-vibrating pulse abrasive jet assisted TBM rock breaking device, comprising a multi-mode self-vibrating pulse abrasive jet assisted TBM rock breaking cutterhead, an abrasive jet generating system, an extremely hard rock abrasive processing system and a rebound tester;

[0006] The multi-mode self-vibrating pulse abrasive jet assisted TBM rock breaking cutterhead is composed of three parts, including cutterhead ①, cutterhead ②, and cutterhead ③. The cutterhead ① and the cutterhead ② are an integral cutterhead located inside the multi-mode self-vibrating pulse abrasive jet assisted TBM rock breaking cutterhead. The cutterhead ③ is a separate cutterhead located outside the multi-mode self-vibrating pulse abrasive jet assisted TBM rock breaking cutterhead. Each cutterhead has a different rock breaking mode. The cutterhead ① is a pure roller rock breaking mode, the cutterhead ② is a jet roller different trajectory assisted rock breaking mode, and the cutterhead ③ is a jet roller same trajectory assisted rock breaking mode.

[0007] The abrasive jet generating system is located at the rear side of the cutter disc, and includes an internal industrial water tank, a high-pressure water pump, a mixing chamber, an abrasive tank, a high-pressure rotary joint, a secondary booster pump, and a steel abrasive pipe. The internal industrial water tank is connected to the high-pressure water pump through a high-pressure pipe, and the output end of the high-pressure water pump is connected to the mixing chamber. There is an agitator in the mixing chamber and the abrasive tank is connected to the top. There is a control switch between the abrasive tank and the mixing chamber. The abrasive tank has middle and top infrared sensors. The mixing chamber is connected to the high-pressure rotary joint through a high-pressure pipe, and an ultrasonic concentration detector is arranged therebetween. The other side of the high-pressure pipe is connected to the secondary booster pump, and the output end of the secondary booster pump is connected to the nozzle through a steel abrasive pipe. The high-pressure rotary joint, the secondary booster pump, and the steel abrasive pipe are in the TBM cutter disc, and the high-pressure rotary joint is movably connected at the center position of the rear side of the cutter disc;

[0008] The extremely hard rock abrasive processing system is located at the rear side of the cutter disc, and includes a jaw crusher, a slag bin, and a small ball mill. The jaw crusher is below the slag outlet 1# of the slag conveying bucket, the slag bin is below the jaw crusher, and there is a screen with a mesh number of 5 at the bottom, and there is a continuous belt conveyor below the screen. The left end of the continuous belt conveyor is below the slag outlet 2# of the slag conveying bucket. The left side of the small ball mill is connected to the slag bin through the slag conveying bucket, and the right side is connected to the abrasive tank through the abrasive conveying bucket.

[0009] The rebound tester is installed on the cutter head body to detect the compressive strength of the rock and transmit it to the operating platform according to the grade. The rock compressive strength grade is divided into: 0-150MPa is grade one, 150MPa-200MPa is grade two, and above 200MPa is grade three.

[0010] Furthermore, the cutter disc ① includes a cutter disc body, a hob base and a double-edged mechanical hob. The double-edged mechanical hob is installed on the hob base. The hob base is installed on the cutter disc body and is movable. The spacing between the double-edged mechanical hobs varies within the range of 60-120 mm. The double-edged mechanical hob adopts a 17-inch disc hob with a wedge-shaped blade of 120°. The radius of the cutter disc ① is 0.6 m.

[0011] Furthermore, the cutter disc ② includes a cutter disc body, a hob base, a nozzle base, a single-edged mechanical hob and a self-oscillating pulse abrasive jet nozzle. The single-edged mechanical hob and the self-oscillating pulse abrasive jet nozzle are respectively installed on the hob base and the nozzle base. The hob base and the nozzle base are installed on the cutter disc body in a cross-track mode and are movable, so that the distance between the nozzle and the hob is 70-80mm, and the distance between the hobs and the nozzle is 140-160mm. Four mechanical hobs and four jet nozzles are arranged on the same motion trajectory. The phase angle between adjacent nozzles and adjacent hobs is 90°, and the phase angle between adjacent nozzles and adjacent hobs of different cutter disc radii is 30°. The maximum nozzle installation radius of the cutter disc ② is not more than 4.5m, and the radius of the cutter disc ② is designed within the range of 0-3.9m.

[0012] Furthermore, the cutter disc ③ includes a cutter disc body, a hob base, a nozzle base, a single-edge mechanical hob and a self-oscillating pulse abrasive jet nozzle. The single-edge mechanical hob and the self-oscillating pulse abrasive jet nozzle are respectively installed on the hob base and the nozzle base. The hob base and the nozzle base are alternately installed on the cutter disc body in a same trajectory mode and are movable. The hob spacing and the nozzle spacing are 80-100mm, and the phase angle between adjacent hobs and nozzles is 30°. The radius of the cutter disc ③ can be designed at 0-6.5m, and there are telescopic pistons at both ends of the hob base and the nozzle base for fixing the base; the single-edge mechanical hob adopts a 17-inch disc hob with a wedge-shaped blade of 120°. The self-oscillating pulse abrasive jet nozzle is adjustable, and the nozzle target distance, outlet diameter and oscillation chamber length are adjustable, and it is equipped with an infrared rangefinder.

[0013] A method for operating a self-vibrating pulse abrasive jet-assisted TBM rock breaking device, the method comprising the following steps:

[0014] Step 1: Move the self-vibrating pulse abrasive jet-assisted TBM rock breaking device to the front of the tunnel to be excavated, so that the center line of the cutterhead coincides with the center line of the tunnel and the distance between the roller cutter and the tunnel face is 5 mm; fill the abrasive tank and the internal industrial water supply tank with garnet abrasive and water respectively;

[0015] Step 2: Start the rebound tester to detect the compressive strength of the rock on the tunnel face, obtain the compressive strength of the rock with the highest strength on the tunnel face, and classify the rock strength according to the rock strength grade designed by the present invention;

[0016] Step 3: According to different strength levels, adjust the corresponding TBM device parameters, use the on-site rock elastic modulus tester to detect the natural frequency of the face rock, and then select a suitable nozzle based on the natural frequency of the rock and install it on the self-excited oscillation pulse jet nozzle;

[0017] Step 4: Adjust the length of the telescopic arm of the self-excited oscillation pulse jet nozzle so that the jet nozzle continuously approaches the tunnel face until the target distance displayed by the nozzle infrared rangefinder is 10 mm, and the telescopic arm stops extending;

[0018] Step 5: Start the abrasive jet generator, supply water from the internal industrial water tank of TBM, turn on the high-pressure water pump for pressurization, adjust the jet pressure to 10MPa, and the high-pressure water jet reaches the mixing chamber through the high-pressure pipeline. At the same time, turn on the control switch to allow the abrasive in the abrasive tank to enter the mixing chamber, and stir it with the stirrer to form a uniform abrasive solution. Then adjust the corresponding abrasive concentration according to different strength levels;

[0019] Step 6: Start the secondary booster pump to pressurize the abrasive solution again, and adjust the corresponding abrasive jet intensity according to different strength levels. When facing the rock of strength level 1, the secondary booster pump adjusts the abrasive jet pressure to 90-100MPa, when facing the rock of strength level 2, the secondary booster pump adjusts the abrasive jet pressure to 120-130MPa, when facing the rock of strength level 1, the secondary booster pump adjusts the abrasive jet pressure to 170-180MPa, and then the abrasive jet is transported to the self-vibrating pulse abrasive jet nozzle through the steel abrasive pipe to form a high-pressure pulse abrasive jet;

[0020] Step 7: Start the torque of the TBM cutterhead, so that the self-vibrating pulse abrasive jet nozzle and the TBM cutterhead are idling at the speed calculated by the speed calculation method. When the jet target distance displayed by the nozzle infrared rangefinder is 25mm-30mm, it indicates that a pre-cut seam has been formed on the tunnel face, which is conducive to the rock breaking of the roller cutter.

[0021] Step 8: Start the thrust of the TBM cutterhead, and adjust the corresponding TBM cutterhead excavation parameters according to different strength levels. During the excavation process, the rebound hammer detects the rock strength of the face in real time, and transmits the measured rock compressive strength to the operating platform according to the strength level. According to the rock strength level, the TBM device parameters, TBM excavation parameters, and abrasive concentration are adjusted in real time. The jet target distance is observed in real time through the nozzle infrared rangefinder, and the jet target distance is adjusted in real time through the telescopic arm to always control the jet target distance within the range of 10-15mm;

[0022] Step 9: During the excavation process, when facing rock with strength level 1, open the slag outlet 2# of the slag conveyor bucket, so that the rock slag generated during the excavation process is transported from the slag outlet 2# of the slag conveyor bucket to the continuous belt conveyor, and then transported to the outside of the tunnel by the continuous belt conveyor; when excavating rock with strength level 2 and strength level 3, close the slag outlet 2# of the slag conveyor bucket, open the slag outlet 1# of the slag conveyor bucket, and start the extremely hard rock abrasive processing system at the same time;

[0023] Step 10: After the thrust cylinder moves forward one stroke, repeat the above steps to start the next stroke operation until the excavation reaches the specified distance, thus completing the cave excavation.

[0024] Furthermore, the specific steps of adjusting the corresponding TBM device parameters according to different strength levels are as follows:

[0025] When the measured strength grade of the rock on the tunnel face is grade 1, move the cutter base on the cutter disc ① on the control platform, and adjust the cutter spacing on the cutter disc ① to 60mm; move the cutter base and nozzle base on the cutter disc ②, and adjust the cutter spacing and nozzle spacing on the cutter disc ② to 160mm, and adjust the spacing between the cutter and the nozzle to 80mm; move the cutter base and nozzle base on the cutter disc ③, and adjust the cutter spacing and nozzle spacing on the cutter disc ③ to 100mm;

[0026] When the measured strength grade of the rock on the tunnel face is grade II, move the cutter base on cutter disc ① on the control platform, and adjust the cutter spacing on cutter disc ① to 90 mm; move the cutter base and nozzle base on cutter disc ②, and adjust the cutter spacing and nozzle spacing on cutter disc ② to 150 mm, and adjust the spacing between the cutter and the nozzle to 75 mm; move the cutter base and nozzle base on cutter disc ③, and adjust the cutter spacing and nozzle spacing on cutter disc ③ to 90 mm;

[0027] When the measured strength grade of the rock at the tunnel face is grade three, move the cutter base on cutter disc ① on the control platform, and adjust the cutter spacing on cutter disc ① to 120 mm; move the cutter base and nozzle base on cutter disc ②, and adjust the cutter spacing and nozzle spacing on cutter disc ② to 140 mm, and adjust the spacing between the cutter and the nozzle to 70 mm; move the cutter base and nozzle base on cutter disc ③, and adjust the cutter spacing and nozzle spacing on cutter disc ③ to 80 mm.

[0028] Furthermore, according to different strength levels, the specific steps for adjusting the corresponding abrasive concentration are as follows:

[0029] The abrasive concentration is monitored by an ultrasonic concentration detector, and the abrasive concentration is adjusted in real time by controlling the control switch under the abrasive tank. When facing rock with strength level 1, the abrasive concentration is always kept at around 3%;

[0030] When dealing with rock of strength level 2, always keep the abrasive concentration at around 5%;

[0031] When facing rock of strength level 3, always keep the abrasive concentration at around 7%;

[0032] The uniform abrasive solution is then transported to the secondary booster pump through a high-pressure pipeline.

[0033] Furthermore, according to different strength levels, the specific steps for adjusting the corresponding TBM cutterhead excavation parameters are as follows:

[0034] When facing rock with strength grade 1, the TBM cutterhead excavates at a propulsion speed of 10 mm / min and a rotation speed calculated by the rotation speed calculation method;

[0035] When facing rock of strength grade 2, the TBM cutterhead excavates at a propulsion speed of 6 mm / min and a rotation speed calculated by the rotation speed calculation method;

[0036] When facing rock of strength grade three, the TBM cutterhead advances at a propulsion speed of 3mm / min and a rotation speed calculated by the rotation speed calculation method; during the excavation process, the self-vibrating pulse abrasive jet and the mechanical roller cutter jointly break the rock.

[0037] A method for calculating the cutter disc speed applicable to the above-mentioned TBM hydraulic coupling cutter disc device, characterized in that it includes a cutter disc ② speed calculation method and a cutter disc ③ speed calculation method, wherein the cutter disc ② speed calculation method includes the following steps:

[0038] The maximum linear velocity of the nozzle with the largest installation radius on the cutter head (2) is set to 1 m / s;

[0039] Accurately measure and determine the maximum installation radius of the nozzle on the TBM cutterhead②;

[0040] Use a professional rock elastic modulus tester to test the rock on the tunnel face and obtain its natural frequency value;

[0041] According to the measured natural frequency of the rock, a suitable nozzle is selected from a variety of replaceable nozzles and installed on the self-excited oscillation pulse jet nozzle;

[0042] The corresponding cutter head ② speed is calculated using the formula: Among them, n2 represents the rotation speed of the cutter head ②, n max represents the maximum rotation speed of the cutter head②, φ represents the phase angle between two adjacent nozzles, f3 represents the natural frequency of the rock mass, and μ is the periodic coefficient, which is used to correct and adjust the time parameters in the formula.

[0043] Furthermore, the method for calculating the rotation speed of the cutter disc ③ comprises the following steps:

[0044] Set the maximum linear speed of the nozzle with the largest installation radius on the cutter head ③ to 1m / s;

[0045] Accurately measure and determine the maximum installation radius of the nozzle on the TBM cutterhead③;

[0046] Using formula The corresponding cutter head ③ speed is calculated, where n3 represents the speed of cutter head ③, R max It indicates the maximum installation radius of the nozzle on the cutter disc ③, and π is the pi.

[0047] Compared with the prior art, the self-vibrating pulse abrasive jet assisted TBM rock breaking device and method have the following advantages:

[0048] Beneficial effects:

[0049] 1. The present invention adopts a self-oscillating pulse abrasive jet to assist TBM in rock breaking, thereby achieving efficient rock breaking of TBM in high-strength and high-abrasive formations, reducing tool wear, and reducing machine energy consumption. The multi-mode self-oscillating pulse abrasive jet designed by the present invention to assist TBM rock breaking cutter head can ensure the consistency of the overall rock breaking efficiency of the TBM cutter head, avoiding the problem of high local rock breaking efficiency and low edge rock breaking efficiency of the cutter head. The present invention designs an extremely hard rock abrasive processing system inside the TBM, which can recycle extremely hard rock slag and process it into extremely hard rock abrasive for use in jet rock breaking, thereby reducing the use of industrial abrasives and thus reducing the excavation cost of the project.

[0050] 2. The present invention can adjust the parameters of the TBM device in real time according to different rock strengths, so that the TBM is always in a high-efficiency state. The target distance and abrasive concentration of the self-oscillating pulse abrasive jet designed by the present invention are always maintained at the optimal target distance and optimal concentration, avoiding problems such as jet waste and low cutting efficiency. The present invention designs different speed calculation methods for different rock breaking modes, so that when the device faces different rocks in high-strength and high-abrasive formations, it can calculate the corresponding cutter head speed, thereby improving the TBM rock breaking efficiency and reducing rock breaking energy consumption.

[0051] Other advantages, objectives and features of the present invention will be set forth in part in the following description and, in part, will be apparent to those skilled in the art based on an examination of the following or may be taught from the practice of the present invention. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0052] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the prior art descriptions are briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention, and for ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative work.

[0053] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the planar structure of the multi-mode self-vibrating pulse abrasive jet-assisted TBM rock-breaking cutterhead in the present invention;

[0054] Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the planar structure of the cutter disc ① and the cutter disc ② in the present invention;

[0055] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the planar structure of the cutter disc ③ in the present invention;

[0056] Figure 4 Schematic diagram of the cutting trace of the tool on the cutter disc ① in the present invention;

[0057] Figure 5 Schematic diagram of the cutting trace of the tool on the cutter disc ② in the present invention;

[0058] Figure 6 Schematic diagram of the cutting trace of the tool on the cutter disc ③ in the present invention;

[0059] Figure 7 Schematic diagram of the self-excited oscillation pulse jet nozzle in the present invention;

[0060] Figure 8 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the jet cutting tunnel face in the present invention;

[0061] Fig. 9 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the TBM cutterhead cutting the tunnel face in the present invention;

[0062] Fig.10 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the hob base, the nozzle base and the cutter disc body in the present invention;

[0063] Fig.11 It is a specific structural diagram of the abrasive jet generating system and the granite abrasive processing system in the present invention;

[0064] Fig.12 is a diagram showing the relationship between the cutter head rotation speed and the natural frequency of the rock on the cutter head ② in the present invention;

[0065] Fig.13 It is a relationship diagram between the cutter disc rotation speed and the maximum nozzle installation radius of the cutter disc on the cutter disc ③ in the present invention;

[0066] Fig.14 It is a simplified flowchart of the work process of the present invention;

[0067] Fig.15 is a flow chart of the rotation speed calculation method of the present invention;

[0068] In the figure: 1. Multi-mode self-oscillating pulse abrasive jet assisted TBM rock breaking cutterhead; 2. Double-edged mechanical hob; 3. Single-edged mechanical hob; 4. Self-oscillating pulse abrasive jet nozzle; 4-1. Nozzle telescopic arm; 4-2. Replaceable nozzle; 4-3. Nozzle infrared rangefinder; 4-4. Jet target distance; 5. Cutterhead ①; 6. Cutterhead ②; 7. Cutterhead ③; 8. Hob base; 9. Nozzle base; 10. Base telescopic piston; 11. Piston slot; 12. Cutterhead ② maximum nozzle installation radius; 13. Jet cutting trajectory; 14. Hob cutting trajectory; 15. Phase angle between adjacent nozzles and adjacent hobs at different cutterhead radii on cutterhead ②; 16. Phase angle between adjacent nozzles and adjacent hobs on the same motion trajectory on cutterhead ②; 17. Phase angle between adjacent hobs and nozzles on the same motion trajectory on cutterhead ③; 18. Abrasive jet generation system; 18-1. Internal industry Water tank; 18-2, high-pressure pipeline; 18-3, high-pressure water pump; 18-4, abrasive tank; 18-5, infrared sensor in the middle of the abrasive tank; 18-6, infrared sensor on the top of the abrasive tank; 18-7, control switch; 18-8, mixing chamber; 18-9, agitator; 18-10, high-pressure rotary joint; 18-11, secondary booster pump; 18-12, steel abrasive pipe; 18-13, ultrasonic concentration detector ; 19. Granite abrasive processing system; 19-1. Jaw crusher; 19-2. Crusher bin; 19-3. Screen; 19-4. Crusher transfer bucket; 19-5 Small ball mill; 19-6 Abrasive transfer bucket; 20. Slag transfer bucket; 20-1. Slag transfer bucket 1# outlet; 20-2. Slag transfer bucket 2# outlet; 21. Continuous belt conveyor; 22. Rebound tester; 23. Palm face; 24. Pre-cut seam. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0069] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention are described clearly and completely below. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of them. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0070] The present invention provides the following technical solutions: Figures 1 to 15 As shown:

[0071] A self-vibrating pulse abrasive jet assisted TBM rock breaking device for highly abrasive formations, characterized by comprising a multi-mode self-vibrating pulse abrasive jet assisted TBM rock breaking cutter head 1, an abrasive jet generating system 18, an extremely hard rock abrasive processing system 19 and a rebound hammer 22.

[0072] The multi-mode self-vibrating pulse abrasive jet assisted TBM rock breaking cutter head 1 is composed of three parts, including cutter head ①5, cutter head ②6, and cutter head ③7. Cutter head ①5 and cutter head ②6 are an integral cutter head located on the inner side of the multi-mode self-vibrating pulse abrasive jet assisted TBM rock breaking cutter head 1; cutter head ③7 is a separate cutter head located on the outer side of the multi-mode self-vibrating pulse abrasive jet assisted TBM rock breaking cutter head 1.

[0073] The rock breaking modes of the multi-mode self-vibrating pulse abrasive jet-assisted TBM rock breaking cutter head 1 include: (1) pure cutter rock breaking mode, (2) jet cutter different trajectory assisted rock breaking mode: that is, the jet cutting trajectory 13 and the cutter cutting trajectory 14 are arranged crosswise, and (3) jet cutter same trajectory assisted rock breaking mode: that is, the jet cutting trajectory 13 and the cutter cutting trajectory 14 are the same. Since the rock breaking efficiency of the cutter outside the cutter head is lower than that of the cutter inside the cutter head during TBM excavation, and studies have shown that the same trajectory assisted rock breaking mode has better rock breaking effect than the different trajectory assisted rock breaking mode, the same trajectory assisted rock breaking mode is designed on the cutter head ③7 on the outside of the TBM cutter head, the different trajectory assisted rock breaking mode is designed on the cutter head ②6 on the inner side of the TBM cutter head, and the pure cutter rock breaking mode is designed on the innermost cutter head ①5 of the TBM cutter head to ensure that the overall rock breaking efficiency of the TBM cutter head is consistent.

[0074] The cutter disc ①5 includes a cutter disc body 1, a hob base 8 and a double-edged mechanical hob 2. The double-edged mechanical hob 2 is installed on the hob base 8, and the cutter disc base 8 is installed on the cutter disc body 1; the hob base 8 can be moved in the radial direction of the cutter disc body 1 by adjusting the control platform, so that the hob spacing of the double-edged mechanical hob 2 can be changed within the range of 60-120mm; the double-edged mechanical hob 2 specifically adopts a 17-inch disc hob with a wedge-shaped blade of 120°; the specific radius of the cutter disc ①5 is designed to be 0.6m.

[0075] The cutter disc ②6 comprises a cutter disc body 1, a hob base 8, a nozzle base 9, a single-edge mechanical hob 3 and a self-vibrating pulse abrasive jet nozzle 4. The single-edge mechanical hob 3 and the self-vibrating pulse abrasive jet nozzle 4 are respectively mounted on the hob base 8 and the nozzle base 9, and the hob base 8 and the nozzle base 9 are mounted on the cutter disc body 1 in a cross track mode; the hob base 8 and the nozzle base 9 can be moved in the radial direction of the cutter disc body 1 by adjusting the control platform, so that the distance between the hob 3 and the nozzle 4 changes within the range of 70-80mm, and the distance between the hobs and the nozzles is The distance varies in the range of 140-160mm; only four mechanical rollers and four jet nozzles are arranged on the same motion trajectory, and the phase angle 16 between adjacent nozzles and adjacent rollers on the same motion trajectory is 90°; along the rotation direction of the cutter head, the phase angle 15 between adjacent nozzles and adjacent rollers located at different cutter head radii is 30°; in order to ensure the rock breaking effect of all jets on the cutter head ②6, the maximum nozzle installation radius 12 on the cutter head ② shall not be greater than 4.5m, and the specific radius of the cutter head ②6 can be designed within the range of 0-3.9m according to the requirements of the project.

[0076] The cutter disc ③7 includes a cutter disc body 1, a hob base 8, a nozzle base 9, a single-edge mechanical hob 3 and a self-oscillating pulse abrasive jet nozzle 4, the single-edge mechanical hob 3 and the self-oscillating pulse abrasive jet nozzle 4 are respectively mounted on the hob base 8 and the nozzle base 9; the hob base 8 and the nozzle base 9 are alternately mounted on the cutter disc body 1 in a same trajectory mode, and the phase angle 17 between adjacent hobs and nozzles on the same motion trajectory is 30°; the hob base 8 and the nozzle base 9 can be moved in the radial direction of the cutter disc body 1 by adjusting the control platform, so that the hob spacing and the nozzle spacing can be changed within the range of 80-100mm, and the base movement method is the same as the cutter disc ②6; the specific radius of the cutter disc ③7 can be designed within the range of 0-6.5m according to the requirements of the project.

[0077] Telescopic pistons 10 are designed at both ends of the hob base 8 and the nozzle base 9. When the base moves, the piston 10 retracts. When the base moves to the required position, the piston 10 extends and is inserted into the piston slot 11 on the cutter disc body 1 to fix the base.

[0078] The single-edged mechanical hob 3 specifically adopts a 17-inch disc hob with a wedge-shaped blade of 120°; the self-excited oscillation pulse abrasive jet nozzle 4 specifically adopts an adjustable self-excited oscillation pulse jet nozzle, the nozzle target distance can be arbitrarily adjusted by the nozzle telescopic arm 4-1, and the nozzle outlet diameter and the oscillation chamber length can be arbitrarily adjusted by replacing the nozzle 4-2; in addition, the nozzle is equipped with an infrared rangefinder 4-3, through which the nozzle target distance can be monitored in real time.

[0079] The abrasive jet generating system 18 is located at the rear side of the multi-mode self-vibrating pulse abrasive jet assisted TBM rock breaking cutter head 1, and includes an internal industrial water tank 18-1, a high-pressure water pump 18-3 connected to the internal industrial water tank 18-1 through a high-pressure pipe 18-2, and a mixing chamber 18-8 connected to the output end of the high-pressure water pump 18-3; a stirrer 18-9 is arranged in the mixing chamber 18-8 and an abrasive tank 18-4 is connected above, and a control switch 18-7 is connected between the abrasive tank 18-4 and the mixing chamber 18-8; a middle infrared sensor 18-5 and a top infrared sensor 18-6 are arranged inside the abrasive tank 18-4; the mixing chamber 18-8 is connected through a high-pressure pipe 18-2. The high-pressure pipeline 18-2 is connected to the high-pressure rotary joint 18-10, and an ultrasonic concentration detector 18-13 is connected between the high-pressure rotary joint 18-10 and the mixing chamber 18-8; the other side of the high-pressure pipeline 18-2 is connected to a secondary booster pump 18-11; the output end of the secondary booster pump 18-11 is connected to the adjustable self-oscillating pulse abrasive jet nozzle 4 through a steel abrasive tube 18-12; the high-pressure rotary joint 18-10, the secondary booster pump 18-11 and the steel abrasive tube 18-12 are all arranged in the TBM cutter head 1, and the high-pressure rotary joint 18-10 is movably connected at the rear center position of the TBM cutter head 1.

[0080] The extremely hard rock abrasive processing system 19 is located at the rear side of the multi-mode self-vibrating pulse abrasive jet-assisted TBM rock breaking cutter disc 1, and includes a jaw crusher 19-1, a slag bin 19-2, and a small ball mill 19-5; the jaw crusher 19-1 is located directly below the slag outlet 20-1 of the slag conveying bucket 1#; the slag bin 19-2 is located directly below the jaw crusher 19-1, and a screen 19-3 with a mesh size of 5 is provided at the bottom of the slag bin 19-2; a continuous belt conveyor 21 is provided directly below the screen 19-3, and the left end of the continuous belt conveyor 21 is located directly below the slag outlet 20-2 of the slag conveying bucket 2#; the left side of the small ball mill 19-5 is connected to the slag bin 19-3 through the slag conveying bucket 19-4; the right side of the small ball mill 19-5 is connected to the abrasive tank 18-4 through the abrasive conveying bucket 19-6.

[0081] The rebound tester 22 is installed on the cutter head body to detect the compressive strength of the rock in real time and transmit the measured rock compressive strength to the operating platform according to the strength grade. The present invention divides the rock compressive strength into three grades: (1) Grade 1: 0-150 MPa (2) Grade 2: 150 MPa-200 MPa (3) Grade 3: above 200 MPa.

[0082] A working method of a self-vibrating pulse abrasive jet-assisted TBM rock breaking device for highly abrasive formations, the working method steps are as follows:

[0083] Step 1: Move the self-vibrating pulse abrasive jet-assisted TBM rock breaking device to the front of the tunnel to be excavated, so that the center line of the cutter head 1 coincides with the center line of the tunnel and the distance between the cutter and the tunnel face is 5 mm; fill the abrasive tank 18-4 and the internal industrial water supply tank 18-1 with garnet abrasive and water respectively;

[0084] Step 2: Start the rebound tester 22 to detect the compressive strength of the rock on the tunnel face, obtain the compressive strength of the rock with the highest strength on the tunnel face, and classify the rock strength according to the rock strength grade designed by the present invention;

[0085] Step 3: According to different strength levels, adjust the corresponding TBM device parameters:

[0086] (1) When the measured strength grade of the rock on the tunnel face is grade 1: move the cutter base 8 on the cutter head ①5 on the control platform, and adjust the cutter spacing on the cutter head ①5 to 60 mm; move the cutter base 8 and the nozzle base 9 on the cutter head ②6, and adjust the cutter spacing and nozzle spacing on the cutter head ②6 to 160 mm, and adjust the spacing between the cutter and the nozzle to 80 mm; move the cutter base 8 and the nozzle base 9 on the cutter head ③7, and adjust the cutter spacing and nozzle spacing on the cutter head ③7 to 100 mm;

[0087] (2) When the measured strength grade of the rock on the tunnel face is grade II: move the cutter base 8 on the cutter head ①5 on the control platform, and adjust the cutter spacing on the cutter head ①5 to 90 mm; move the cutter base 8 and the nozzle base 9 on the cutter head ②6, and adjust the cutter spacing and nozzle spacing on the cutter head ②6 to 150 mm, and adjust the spacing between the cutter and the nozzle to 75 mm; move the cutter base 8 and the nozzle base 9 on the cutter head ③7, and adjust the cutter spacing and nozzle spacing on the cutter head ③7 to 90 mm;

[0088] (3) When the measured strength level of the rock on the tunnel face is level three: move the cutter base 8 on the cutter head ①5 on the control platform, and adjust the cutter spacing on the cutter head ①5 to 120 mm; move the cutter base 8 and the nozzle base 9 on the cutter head ②6, and adjust the cutter spacing and nozzle spacing on the cutter head ②6 to 140 mm, and adjust the spacing between the cutter and the nozzle to 70 mm; move the cutter base 8 and the nozzle base 9 on the cutter head ③7, and adjust the cutter spacing and nozzle spacing on the cutter head ③7 to 80 mm;

[0089] Use the rock elastic modulus tester on site to detect the natural frequency of the rock on the tunnel face, and then select a suitable nozzle 4-2 according to the natural frequency of the rock and install it on the self-excited oscillation pulse jet nozzle 4;

[0090] Step 4: Adjust the length of the self-excited oscillation pulse jet nozzle telescopic arm 4-1 so that the jet nozzle continuously approaches the tunnel face 23 until the target distance displayed by the nozzle infrared rangefinder 4-3 is 10 mm, and the telescopic arm 4-1 stops extending;

[0091] Step 5: Start the abrasive jet generator 18, supply water from the internal industrial water tank 18-1 of the TBM, start the high-pressure water pump 18-3 for pressurization, adjust the jet pressure to 10MPa, and the high-pressure water jet reaches the mixing chamber 18-8 through the high-pressure pipe 18-2. At the same time, turn on the control switch 18-7 to allow the abrasive in the abrasive tank 18-4 to enter the mixing chamber 18-8, and stir it with the stirrer 18-9 to form a uniform abrasive solution; then adjust the corresponding abrasive concentration according to different intensity levels:

[0092] The abrasive concentration is monitored by an ultrasonic concentration detector 18-13, and the abrasive concentration is adjusted in real time by controlling the control switch 18-7 under the abrasive tank 18-4. When facing the rock with strength level 1, the abrasive concentration is always kept at about 3%; when facing the rock with strength level 2, the abrasive concentration is always kept at about 5%; when facing the rock with strength level 3, the abrasive concentration is always kept at about 7%; then the uniform abrasive solution is transported to the secondary booster pump 18-11 through the high-pressure pipeline 18-2;

[0093] Step 6: Start the secondary booster pump 18-11 to pressurize the abrasive solution again, and adjust the corresponding abrasive jet intensity according to different strength levels: when facing the rock of strength level 1, the secondary booster pump adjusts the abrasive jet pressure to 90-100MPa; when facing the rock of strength level 2, the secondary booster pump adjusts the abrasive jet pressure to 120-130MPa; when facing the rock of strength level 1, the secondary booster pump adjusts the abrasive jet pressure to 170-180MPa; then the abrasive jet is transported to the self-vibrating pulse abrasive jet nozzle 4 through the steel abrasive pipe 18-12 to form a high-pressure pulse abrasive jet;

[0094] Step 7: Start the torque of the TBM cutterhead, so that the self-vibrating pulse abrasive jet nozzle 4 and the TBM cutterhead 1 are idling at the speed calculated by the speed calculation method. When the jet target distance displayed by the nozzle infrared rangefinder 4-3 is 25mm-30mm, it indicates that the pre-cut seam 24 that is conducive to the rock breaking of the roller cutter has been formed on the tunnel face;

[0095] Step 8: Start the thrust of the TBM cutterhead and adjust the corresponding excavation parameters of the TBM cutterhead according to different strength levels:

[0096] When facing rock with strength level 1, the TBM cutterhead advances at a speed of 10mm / min and a speed calculated by the speed calculation method; when facing rock with strength level 2, the TBM cutterhead advances at a speed of 6mm / min and a speed calculated by the speed calculation method; when facing rock with strength level 3, the TBM cutterhead advances at a speed of 3mm / min and a speed calculated by the speed calculation method; during the excavation process, the self-vibrating pulse abrasive jet and the mechanical roller cutter jointly break the rock;

[0097] During the excavation process, the rebound tester 22 detects the rock strength of the tunnel face 23 in real time, and transmits the measured rock compressive strength to the operating platform according to the strength grade; the TBM device parameters, TBM excavation parameters, and abrasive concentration are adjusted in real time according to the rock strength grade; at the same time, the jet target distance 4-4 is observed in real time through the nozzle infrared rangefinder 4-3, and the jet target distance 4-4 is adjusted in real time through the telescopic arm 4-1, so that the jet target distance 4-4 is always controlled within the range of 10-15mm;

[0098] Step 9: During the excavation process, when facing the rock with strength grade 1, the slag outlet 20-2 of the slag conveying bucket 2# is opened, so that the rock slag generated during the excavation process is transferred from the slag outlet 20-2 of the slag conveying bucket 2# to the continuous belt conveyor 21, and then transported to the outside of the tunnel by the continuous belt conveyor 21; because the abrasive concentration required for cutting the rock with strength grade 1 is relatively small, the abrasive in the abrasive tank 18-4 is sufficient to propel the oil cylinder forward for one stroke;

[0099] When facing rocks of strength level 2 and 3, the jet requires a higher abrasive concentration. As the excavation process continues, the abrasive in the abrasive tank 18-4 will continue to decrease, resulting in a decrease in abrasive concentration. When the abrasive reserve in the abrasive tank 18-4 is lower than the infrared sensor 18-5 in the middle of the abrasive tank, the infrared sensor 18-5 in the middle of the abrasive tank will generate an early warning. At this time, the abrasive tank 18-4 needs to be supplemented with abrasive. The hardness of rocks of strength level 2 and 3 is similar to that of garnet, so the extremely hard rock slag produced by cutting rocks of strength level 2 and 3 can be processed into extremely hard rock abrasive and supplemented in the abrasive tank 18-4.

[0100] When excavating rocks of strength level 2 and strength level 3, after receiving the warning from the infrared sensor 18-5 in the middle of the abrasive tank, the slag outlet 20-2 of the slag conveying bucket 2 is closed, the slag outlet 20-1 of the slag conveying bucket 1 is opened, and the extremely hard rock abrasive processing system 19 is started at the same time; at this time, the rock slag generated during the excavation process is transferred from the slag outlet 20-1 of the slag conveying bucket 1 to the jaw crusher 19-1 for crushing; the extremely hard rock slag will become smaller slag after being crushed by the jaw crusher 19-1;

[0101] The crushed rock slag will directly fall into the slag bin 19-2 below the jaw crusher 19-1; the particles and powder with smaller particle sizes will directly fall onto the continuous belt conveyor 21 through the screen 19-3 at the bottom of the slag bin, and then be transported out of the cave by the continuous belt conveyor 21; the extremely hard rock slag with larger particle sizes will be stored in the slag bin 19-2;

[0102] The extremely hard rock slag in the slag bin 19-2 is transported to the small ball mill 19-5 by the slag transport bucket 19-4; the extremely hard rock slag is ball-milled by the small ball mill 19-5 to become extremely hard rock abrasive;

[0103] The extremely hard rock abrasive is transported by the abrasive conveying bucket 19-6 to the abrasive tank 18-4; when the abrasive reserve in the abrasive tank 18-4 reaches the top of the abrasive tank 18-4, the infrared sensor 18-6 on the top of the abrasive tank generates an early warning;

[0104] When the infrared sensor 18-6 on the top of the abrasive tank generates an early warning, the slag outlet 20-1 of the slag conveying bucket 1# is closed, and the slag outlet 20-2 of the slag conveying bucket 2# is opened, so that the rock slag generated during the excavation process is transferred from the slag outlet 20-2 of the slag conveying bucket 2# to the continuous belt conveyor 21, and then transported to the outside of the tunnel by the continuous belt conveyor 21; repeat the above steps after receiving the early warning from the infrared sensor 18-5 in the middle of the abrasive tank;

[0105] Step 10: After the thrust cylinder moves forward one stroke, repeat the above steps to start the next stroke operation until the excavation reaches the specified distance; that is, the cave excavation is completed.

[0106] A method for calculating the cutter disc speed applicable to the above-mentioned TBM hydraulic coupling cutter disc device includes a method for calculating the cutter disc speed ②6 and a method for calculating the cutter disc speed ③7.

[0107] The specific implementation steps of the cutter head ②6 speed calculation method are as follows:

[0108] 1) Design the maximum linear velocity of the nozzle with the maximum installation radius on the cutter head ② to be 1m / s, and the minimum rotation speed of the cutter head ② to be 0.5r / min. 2) Determine the maximum installation radius of the nozzle on the TBM cutter head ②; 3) Use the rock elastic modulus tester on site to detect the natural frequency of the face rock; 4) Select a suitable nozzle 4-2 according to the natural frequency of the rock and install it on the self-excited oscillation pulse jet nozzle 4, so that the natural frequency of the nozzle is equal to the natural frequency of the rock mass; 5) Use the following formula to calculate the corresponding cutter head rotation speed.

[0109]

[0110] Where ν2max represents the maximum linear velocity of the nozzle with the maximum installation radius on the cutter head ②, which is 1m / s; R 2max Indicates the maximum installation radius of the nozzle on the cutter head 2; n maxrepresents the maximum rotation speed of the cutter head ②, which is about 2r / min; n2 represents the rotation speed of the cutter head ②, which represents the rotation speed of the cutter head that changes with the natural frequency of the rock; n max represents the maximum rotation speed of the cutter head 2, which is about 2r / min; φ represents the phase angle between two adjacent nozzles, which is 30°; ω represents the angular velocity of the nozzle; f1 represents the pulse jet frequency; f2 represents the natural frequency of the nozzle; f3 represents the natural frequency of the rock mass, which is measured on site; T1 represents the pulse jet period; t is the time required for the nozzle to move one phase angle; μ represents the period coefficient.

[0111] Taking the maximum installation radius of the nozzle on the cutter head ②6 as 4.5m, R 2max =4.5m, point (f3max=40KHz, nmin=0.5r / min) is substituted into formulas (1) to (8) to obtain the cutter head speed calculation formula (9). At this time, the relationship between the cutter head speed on cutter head ②6 and the natural frequency of the rock is as follows: Fig.12 shown.

[0112]

[0113] The specific implementation steps of the cutter head ③7 speed calculation method are as follows:

[0114] 1) Design the maximum linear speed of the nozzle with the maximum installation radius on the cutter head ③ to be 1 m / s; 2) Determine the maximum installation radius of the nozzle on the TBM cutter head ③; 3) Use the following formula (10) to calculate the corresponding cutter head speed.

[0115] It can be seen that the rotation speed of cutter disc ③7 is only related to the maximum installation radius of the nozzle on cutter disc ③7. When the maximum installation radius of the nozzle on cutter disc ③7 is determined, the rotation speed of cutter disc ③7 is a fixed value, which does not change with the change of the rock mass in the stratum. The relationship between the rotation speed of cutter disc ③ and the maximum installation radius of the nozzle on the cutter disc is as follows: Fig.13 shown.

[0116]

[0117] Where n3 represents the rotation speed of the cutter disc ③; ν 3max Indicates the maximum linear velocity of the nozzle with the maximum installation radius on the cutter head ③, which is 1m / s; R max It indicates the maximum installation radius of the nozzle on the cutter head ③, and also indicates the maximum installation radius of the nozzle on the TBM cutter head.

[0118] It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the invention is not limited to the details of the exemplary embodiments described above and that the invention can be implemented in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential features of the invention. Therefore, the embodiments should be considered in all respects as exemplary and non-limiting, and the scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims rather than the foregoing description, and it is intended that all variations falling within the meaning and scope of the same elements of the claims be included in the invention. Any reference numeral in a claim should not be considered as limiting the claim to which it relates.

Claims

1. A self-vibrating pulse abrasive jet assisted TBM rock breaking device, characterized in that: It includes a multi-mode self-vibrating pulse abrasive jet-assisted TBM rock-breaking cutterhead (1), an abrasive jet generating system (18), an extremely hard rock abrasive processing system and a rebound tester (22); The multi-mode self-vibrating pulse abrasive jet assisted TBM rock-breaking cutterhead (1) is composed of three parts, including cutterhead ① (5), cutterhead ② (6), and cutterhead ③ (7). The cutterhead ① (5) and the cutterhead ② (6) are an integral cutterhead located inside the multi-mode self-vibrating pulse abrasive jet assisted TBM rock-breaking cutterhead (1). The cutterhead ③ (7) is a separate cutterhead located outside the multi-mode self-vibrating pulse abrasive jet assisted TBM rock-breaking cutterhead (1). Each cutterhead has a different rock-breaking mode. The cutterhead ① (5) is a pure roller cutter rock-breaking mode. The cutterhead ② (6) is a jet roller cutter different-trajectory assisted rock-breaking mode. The cutterhead ③ (7) is a jet roller cutter same-trajectory assisted rock-breaking mode. The abrasive jet generating system (18) is located at the rear side of the cutter head, and comprises an internal industrial water tank (18-1), a high-pressure water pump (18-3), a mixing chamber (18-8), an abrasive tank (18-4), a high-pressure rotary joint (18-10), a secondary booster pump (18-11), and a steel abrasive pipe (18-12). The internal industrial water tank (18-1) is connected to the high-pressure water pump (18-3) through a high-pressure pipe (18-2). The output end of the high-pressure water pump (18-3) is connected to the mixing chamber (18-8). The mixing chamber (18-8) has an agitator (18-9) and is connected to the abrasive tank (18-4) above. The abrasive tank (18-4) and the mixing chamber (18-8) are connected to each other. A control switch (18-7) is provided, the abrasive tank (18-4) has middle and top infrared sensors, the mixing chamber (18-8) is connected to the high-pressure rotary joint (18-10) through a high-pressure pipeline (18-2), an ultrasonic concentration detector (18-13) is provided therebetween, the other side of the high-pressure pipeline (18-2) is connected to a secondary booster pump (18-11), the output end of the secondary booster pump (18-11) is connected to a nozzle through a steel abrasive pipe (18-12), the high-pressure rotary joint (18-10), the secondary booster pump (18-11) and the steel abrasive pipe (18-12) are in the TBM cutter head, and the high-pressure rotary joint (18-10) is movably connected at the center position of the rear side of the cutter head; The extremely hard rock abrasive processing system is located at the rear side of the cutter disc, and comprises a jaw crusher (19-1), a slag bin (19-2), and a small ball mill (19-5). The jaw crusher (19-1) is below the slag outlet #1 of the slag conveying bucket (20-1). The slag bin (19-2) is below the jaw crusher (19-1). A screen (19-3) with a mesh size of 5 is provided at the bottom. A continuous belt conveyor (21) is provided below the screen (19-3). The left end of the continuous belt conveyor (21) is below the slag outlet #2 of the slag conveying bucket (20-2). The left side of the small ball mill (19-5) is connected to the slag bin (19-2) via the slag conveying bucket (19-4), and the right side is connected to the abrasive tank (18-4) via the abrasive conveying bucket. The rebound tester (22) is installed on the cutter head body to detect the rock compressive strength and transmit it to the operating platform according to the grade. The rock compressive strength grades are divided into: 0-150MPa is grade one, 150MPa-200MPa is grade two, and above 200MPa is grade three.

2. A self-vibrating pulse abrasive jet assisted TBM rock breaking device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The cutter disc ① (5) comprises a cutter disc body, a cutter base (8) and a double-edged mechanical cutter (2). The double-edged mechanical cutter (2) is mounted on the cutter base (8). The cutter base (8) is mounted on the cutter disc body and is movable. The spacing of the double-edged mechanical cutter (2) varies within the range of 60-120 mm. The double-edged mechanical cutter (2) adopts a 17-inch disc cutter with a wedge-shaped blade of 120°. The radius of the cutter disc ① (5) is 0.6 m.

3. The self-vibrating pulse abrasive jet assisted TBM rock breaking device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The cutter disc ②(6) comprises a cutter disc body, a hob base (8), a nozzle base (9), a single-edged mechanical hob (3) and a self-oscillating pulse abrasive jet nozzle (4); the single-edged mechanical hob (3) and the self-oscillating pulse abrasive jet nozzle (4) are respectively mounted on the hob base (8) and the nozzle base (9); the hob base (8) and the nozzle base (9) are mounted on the cutter disc body in a cross-track mode and are movable, so that the distance between the nozzle and the hob is 70-80 mm, and the distance between the hobs and the nozzle is 140-160 mm; four mechanical hobs and four jet nozzles are arranged on the same motion track; the phase angle between adjacent nozzles and adjacent hobs is 90°; the phase angle between adjacent nozzles and adjacent hobs of different cutter disc radii is 30°; the maximum nozzle installation radius of the cutter disc ②(6) is not greater than 4.5 m; and the radius of the cutter disc ②(6) is designed within the range of 0-3.9 m.

4. A self-vibrating pulse abrasive jet assisted TBM rock breaking device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The cutter disc ③ (7) comprises a cutter disc body, a cutter base (8), a nozzle base (9), a single-edge mechanical cutter (3) and a self-oscillating pulse abrasive jet nozzle (4). The single-edge mechanical cutter (3) and the self-oscillating pulse abrasive jet nozzle (4) are respectively mounted on the cutter base (8) and the nozzle base (9). The cutter base (8) and the nozzle base (9) are alternately mounted on the cutter disc body in a same track mode and are movable. The cutter spacing and the nozzle spacing are 80-100 mm, and the phase angle between adjacent cutters and nozzles is 30°. The radius of the cutter disc ③ (7) can be designed to be 0-6.5 m. Both ends of the cutter base (8) and the nozzle base (9) are provided with telescopic pistons for fixing the base. The single-edge mechanical cutter (3) adopts a 17-inch disc cutter with a wedge-shaped blade of 120°. The self-oscillating pulse abrasive jet nozzle is adjustable, and the nozzle target distance, outlet diameter and oscillation chamber length are adjustable. The cutter disc is equipped with an infrared rangefinder.

5. A method for operating a self-vibrating pulse abrasive jet-assisted TBM rock breaking device, characterized in that: The method comprises the following steps: Step 1: Move the self-vibrating pulse abrasive jet-assisted TBM rock breaking device to the front of the tunnel to be excavated, so that the center line of the cutter head coincides with the center line of the tunnel and the distance between the roller cutter and the tunnel face (23) is 5 mm; fill the abrasive tank (18-4) and the internal industrial water supply tank with garnet abrasive and water respectively; Step 2: starting the rebound tester (22) to detect the compressive strength of the rock on the tunnel face (23), obtaining the compressive strength of the rock with the highest strength on the tunnel face (23), and classifying the rock strength according to the rock strength grade designed by the present invention; Step 3: According to different strength levels, the corresponding TBM device parameters are adjusted, and the natural frequency of the rock on the tunnel face (23) is detected using an on-site rock elastic modulus tester. Then, a suitable nozzle is selected according to the natural frequency of the rock and installed on the self-excited oscillation pulse jet nozzle; Step 4: adjusting the length of the self-excited oscillation pulse jet nozzle telescopic arm (4-1) so that the jet nozzle continuously approaches the tunnel face (23) until the target distance displayed by the nozzle infrared rangefinder (4-3) is 10 mm, and the telescopic arm stops extending; Step 5: Start the abrasive jet generator, supply water from the internal industrial water tank (18-1) of the TBM, start the high-pressure water pump (18-3) for pressurization, adjust the jet pressure to 10MPa, and the high-pressure water jet reaches the mixing chamber (18-8) through the high-pressure pipeline (18-2). At the same time, turn on the control switch (18-7) to allow the abrasive in the abrasive tank (18-4) to enter the mixing chamber (18-8), and stir it with the stirrer (18-9) to form a uniform abrasive solution, and then adjust the corresponding abrasive concentration according to different strength levels; Step 6: Start the secondary booster pump (18-11) to pressurize the abrasive solution again, and adjust the corresponding abrasive jet intensity according to different strength levels. When facing rocks of strength level 1, the secondary booster pump (18-11) adjusts the abrasive jet pressure to 90-100 MPa. When facing rocks of strength level 2, the secondary booster pump (18-11) adjusts the abrasive jet pressure to 120-130 MPa. When facing rocks of strength level 1, the secondary booster pump (18-11) adjusts the abrasive jet pressure to 170-180 MPa. The abrasive jet is then transported to the self-vibrating pulse abrasive jet nozzle (4) through the steel abrasive pipe (18-12) to form a high-pressure pulse abrasive jet. Step 7: Start the torque of the TBM cutterhead, so that the self-vibrating pulse abrasive jet nozzle (4) and the TBM cutterhead are idle at a speed calculated by the speed calculation method. When the jet target distance (4-4) displayed by the nozzle infrared rangefinder (4-3) is 25mm-30mm, it indicates that a pre-cut seam (24) that is conducive to rock breaking by the roller cutter has been formed on the tunnel face (23); Step 8: Start the thrust of the TBM cutterhead, and adjust the corresponding excavation parameters of the TBM cutterhead according to different strength levels. During the excavation process, the rebound tester (22) detects the rock strength of the tunnel face (23) in real time, and transmits the measured rock compressive strength to the operating platform according to the strength level. According to the rock strength level, the TBM device parameters, TBM excavation parameters, and abrasive concentration are adjusted in real time. The jet target distance (4-4) is observed in real time through the nozzle infrared rangefinder (4-3), and the jet target distance (4-4) is adjusted in real time through the telescopic arm, so that the jet target distance (4-4) is always controlled within the range of 10-15mm; Step 9: During the excavation process, when facing rock with strength level 1, the slag outlet 2# (20-2) of the slag conveying bucket is opened, so that the rock slag generated during the excavation process is transferred from the slag outlet 2# (20-2) of the slag conveying bucket to the continuous belt conveyor (21), and then transported to the outside of the tunnel by the continuous belt conveyor (21); when excavating rock with strength level 2 and strength level 3, the slag outlet 2# (20-2) of the slag conveying bucket is closed, the slag outlet 1# (20-1) of the slag conveying bucket is opened, and the extremely hard rock abrasive processing system is started at the same time; Step 10: After the thrust cylinder moves forward one stroke, repeat the above steps to start the next stroke operation until the excavation reaches the specified distance, thus completing the cave excavation.

6. The method for operating a self-vibrating pulse abrasive jet-assisted TBM rock breaking device according to claim 5, characterized in that: The specific steps for adjusting the corresponding TBM device parameters according to different strength levels are as follows: When the measured strength grade of the rock on the tunnel face (23) is grade 1, the cutter base (8) on the cutter disc ① (5) is moved on the control platform to adjust the cutter spacing on the cutter disc ① (5) to 60 mm; the cutter base (8) and the nozzle base (9) on the cutter disc ② (6) are moved to adjust the cutter spacing and nozzle spacing on the cutter disc ② (6) to 160 mm, and the spacing between the cutter and the nozzle is adjusted to 80 mm; the cutter base (8) and the nozzle base (9) on the cutter disc ③ (7) are moved to adjust the cutter spacing and nozzle spacing on the cutter disc ③ (7) to 100 mm; When the measured strength grade of the rock on the tunnel face (23) is grade 2, the cutter base (8) on the cutter disc ① (5) is moved on the control platform to adjust the cutter spacing on the cutter disc ① (5) to 90 mm; the cutter base (8) and the nozzle base (9) on the cutter disc ② (6) are moved to adjust the cutter spacing and nozzle spacing on the cutter disc ② (6) to 150 mm, and the spacing between the cutter and the nozzle is adjusted to 75 mm; the cutter base (8) and the nozzle base (9) on the cutter disc ③ (7) are moved to adjust the cutter spacing and nozzle spacing on the cutter disc ③ (7) to 90 mm; When the measured strength grade of the rock on the tunnel face (23) is grade three, the cutter base (8) on the cutter disc ① (5) is moved on the control platform to adjust the cutter spacing on the cutter disc ① (5) to 120 mm; the cutter base (8) and the nozzle base (9) on the cutter disc ② (6) are moved to adjust the cutter spacing and nozzle spacing on the cutter disc ② (6) to 140 mm, and the spacing between the cutter and the nozzle is adjusted to 70 mm; the cutter base (8) and the nozzle base (9) on the cutter disc ③ (7) are moved to adjust the cutter spacing and nozzle spacing on the cutter disc ③ (7) to 80 mm.

7. The method for operating a self-vibrating pulse abrasive jet-assisted TBM rock breaking device according to claim 5, characterized in that: According to different intensity levels, the specific steps to adjust the corresponding abrasive concentration are as follows: The abrasive concentration is monitored by an ultrasonic concentration detector (18-13), and the abrasive concentration is adjusted in real time by controlling a control switch (18-7) below the abrasive tank (18-4). When facing a rock with a strength level of one, the abrasive concentration is always kept at about 3%; When dealing with rock of strength level 2, always keep the abrasive concentration at around 5%; When facing rock of strength level 3, always keep the abrasive concentration at around 7%; The uniform abrasive solution is then transported to the secondary booster pump (18-11) via the high-pressure pipeline (18-2).

8. The method for operating a self-vibrating pulse abrasive jet-assisted TBM rock breaking device according to claim 5, characterized in that: According to different strength levels, the specific steps to adjust the corresponding TBM cutterhead excavation parameters are as follows: When facing rock with strength grade 1, the TBM cutterhead excavates at a propulsion speed of 10 mm / min and a rotation speed calculated by the rotation speed calculation method; When facing rock of strength grade 2, the TBM cutterhead excavates at a propulsion speed of 6 mm / min and a rotation speed calculated by the rotation speed calculation method; When facing rock of strength level 3, the TBM cutterhead excavates at a propulsion speed of 3 mm / min and a rotation speed calculated by the rotation speed calculation method; During the excavation process, the self-vibrating pulse abrasive jet and the mechanical roller cutter work together to break the rock.

9. A method for calculating the cutterhead speed of the TBM hydraulic coupling cutterhead device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The method includes a method for calculating the rotation speed of the cutter disc ②(6) and a method for calculating the rotation speed of the cutter disc ③(7), wherein the method for calculating the rotation speed of the cutter disc ②(6) includes the following steps: The maximum linear velocity of the nozzle with the largest installation radius on the cutter head (2) is set to 1 m / s; Accurately measure and determine the maximum installation radius of the nozzle on the TBM cutterhead ②(6); Use a professional rock elastic modulus measuring instrument to test the rock on the tunnel face (23) to obtain its natural frequency value; According to the measured natural frequency of the rock, a suitable nozzle is selected from a plurality of replaceable nozzles (4-2) and installed on the self-excited oscillation pulse jet nozzle; The corresponding cutter head ②(6) speed is calculated using the formula: Where n2 represents the rotation speed of the cutter head ②(6), n max represents the maximum rotation speed of the cutter head ②(6), φ represents the phase angle between two adjacent nozzles, f3 represents the natural frequency of the rock mass, and μ is the periodic coefficient, which is used to correct and adjust the time parameters in the formula.

10. A method for calculating the cutterhead speed of the TBM hydraulic coupling cutterhead device according to claim 9, which is applicable to the cutterhead speed of the TBM hydraulic coupling cutterhead device according to claim 1, wherein the method for calculating the cutterhead speed of ③ (7) comprises the following steps: Set the maximum linear velocity of the nozzle with the largest installation radius on the cutter head ③ (7) to 1 m / s; Accurately measure and determine the maximum installation radius of the nozzle on the TBM cutterhead ③(7); Using formula The corresponding cutter head ③(7) speed is calculated, where n3 represents the speed of the cutter head ③(7), R max It represents the maximum installation radius of the nozzle on the cutter head ③(7), and π is the pi.

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