Tunnel vault karst cave reinforcing method and system

Abstract

The invention provides a tunnel vault karst cave reinforcing method and system, and relates to the technical field of tunnel construction.The tunnel vault karst cave reinforcing method comprises the following steps that a to-be-constructed area of a tunnel is detected, the to-be-constructed area of the tunnel is tunneled and excavated, and supporting structure construction is conducted between a tunnel vault and a target karst cave; grouting operation is conducted on the target karst cave through the grouting drill hole, and exhausting operation is conducted on the target karst cave through the exhausting drill hole; when the uniform grouting liquid is discharged from the target karst cave, the exhaust operation is stopped, and grouting pressurization continues to be conducted on the target karst cave; when the pressure of the grouting liquid in the target karst cave reaches the target pressure, the grouting operation is stopped; and the to-be-constructed area of the tunnel is tunneled, and the tunnel passes through the supporting structure. A good supporting effect can be provided for the rock-soil body below the target karst cave through the supporting structure, the structural stability of the area where the target karst cave is located in the tunneling process is effectively guaranteed, and the risk of collapse in the area where the target karst cave is located is reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of tunnel construction, and in particular to a tunnel vault karst cave reinforcement method and system. Background Art

[0002] There are often a large number of tunnel construction areas in the construction of highways, railways, water conservancy projects, etc. Due to the influence of regional climate and groundwater, caves are often formed inside the mountains and underground. When tunnels are constructed in areas with cave development, they may pass through underground caves from different locations, which may easily destroy the integrity of the caves and cause safety risks to the construction process.

[0003] Especially when the unfilled cave is located at the tunnel vault and the net distance from the tunnel vault is small, if it is not handled properly, it may cause the stress release of the rock and soil at the bottom of the cave during the tunnel excavation process, causing the deformation of the cave to suddenly increase, thereby destroying the stability of the cave. In severe cases, it may even induce landslides in the tunnel vault, causing engineering accidents and endangering the safety of construction workers.

[0004] Therefore, how to reinforce and manage the karst cave above the tunnel vault has become a technical problem that needs to be solved urgently. Therefore, the inventor, relying on many years of experience and practice in related industries, proposes a tunnel vault karst cave reinforcement method and system to overcome the defects of the prior art. Summary of the invention

[0005] In order to overcome the above-mentioned defects of the prior art, the technical problem to be solved by the embodiments of the present invention is to provide a tunnel vault cave reinforcement method and system for quickly reinforcing and managing the cave above the tunnel vault during tunnel construction.

[0006] The above-mentioned object of the present invention can be achieved by adopting the following technical scheme. The present invention provides a tunnel vault cave reinforcement method, comprising the following steps:

[0007] Detect the area to be constructed in the tunnel to obtain the size and location information of the target cave located in the tunnel vault;

[0008] Digging and excavating the tunnel in the area to be constructed so that the tunnel approaches the front end of the target cave;

[0009] Constructing a support structure between the tunnel vault and the target cave;

[0010] Drilling the tunnel vault to form an exhaust borehole and a grouting borehole connected to the target cave;

[0011] Performing grouting operation on the target cave through the grouting borehole, and performing exhaust operation on the target cave through the exhaust borehole;

[0012] When the grouting liquid is uniformly discharged from the target cave, the exhaust operation is stopped, and the grouting and pressurization of the target cave are continued;

[0013] When the grouting liquid pressure in the target cave reaches the target pressure, the grouting operation is stopped;

[0014] The tunnel is excavated in the waiting construction area so that the tunnel passes through the supporting structure.

[0015] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the tunnel construction area is detected to obtain the size and location information of the target cave located at the tunnel vault, which specifically includes the following steps:

[0016] The tunnel construction area is detected by geological radar to obtain the size and position information of the target cave located at the tunnel vault.

[0017] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the construction of the support structure between the tunnel vault and the target cave specifically includes the following steps:

[0018] At a first distance from the front end of the target cave, an advance steel pipe is installed in the tunnel vault according to the target interval ring, so that the advance steel pipe is embedded in the rock and soil between the tunnel vault and the target cave;

[0019] At a second distance from the front end of the target cave, a first prestressed anchor cable is constructed by drilling a hole in the tunnel vault, and the first prestressed anchor cable is connected to each of the advanced steel pipes through a first arc-shaped steel;

[0020] Continue to excavate the tunnel in the area to be constructed, so that the tunnel passes through the target cave and is placed between the rear end of the target cave and the other end of each of the leading steel pipes;

[0021] At a third distance from the rear end of the target cave, a second prestressed anchor cable is constructed by drilling a hole in the tunnel vault, and the second prestressed anchor cable is connected to each of the advanced steel pipes through a second arc-shaped steel section to complete the construction of the support structure.

[0022] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the first distance is not less than 3 m, the second distance is not less than 5 m, and the third distance is not less than 5 m.

[0023] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, grouting operation is performed on the target cave through the grouting borehole, and exhaust operation is performed on the target cave through the exhaust borehole, which specifically includes the following steps:

[0024] Inserting a grouting pipe into the grouting borehole to communicate with the target cave, and inserting an exhaust pipe into the exhaust borehole to communicate with the target cave;

[0025] The grouting pipe and the exhaust pipe are opened, grouting liquid is injected into the target cave through the grouting pipe, and the target cave is exhausted through the exhaust pipe.

[0026] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the target pressure is not less than 5 MPa.

[0027] The present invention also provides a tunnel vault cave reinforcement system, which is used to be arranged between the tunnel vault and the cave located above the tunnel vault, comprising:

[0028] A supporting structure, which is arranged along the extension direction of the tunnel and embedded in the rock and soil between the tunnel vault and the karst cave;

[0029] A first anchoring structure, wherein the first anchoring structure is arranged along the radial direction of the tunnel and is placed on one side of the cave, one end of the first anchoring structure is embedded in the rock and soil body, and the other end of the first anchoring structure is connected to one end of the supporting structure;

[0030] A second anchoring structure, wherein the second anchoring structure is arranged along the radial direction of the tunnel and is placed on the other side of the cave, one end of the second anchoring structure is embedded in the rock and soil body, and the other end of the second anchoring structure is connected to the other end of the supporting structure.

[0031] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the supporting structure includes a plurality of advanced steel pipes, the plurality of advanced steel pipes are arranged along the extension direction of the tunnel, and the plurality of advanced steel pipes are arranged in an annular manner at intervals and embedded between the tunnel vault and the cave.

[0032] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the tunnel vault cave reinforcement system also includes a first connecting member and a second connecting member, the first connecting member and the second connecting member are both arranged in an arc shape, the first connecting member and the second connecting member are relatively arranged at the two ends of each of the advanced steel pipes and abut against the tunnel vault, the other end of the first anchoring structure passes through the gap between any adjacent advanced steel pipes and is connected to the first connecting member, and the other end of the second anchoring structure passes through the gap between any adjacent advanced steel pipes and is connected to the second connecting member.

[0033] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the first connecting member includes a first arc-shaped steel, and the other end of the first anchoring structure is connected to the first arc-shaped steel; the second connecting member includes a second arc-shaped steel, and the other end of the second anchoring structure is connected to the second arc-shaped steel.

[0034] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the first anchoring structure includes at least two first prestressed anchor cables, a plurality of the first prestressed anchor cables are embedded in the rock and soil mass and are respectively placed on both sides of the cave, and the other end of the first prestressed anchor cable is connected to the first arc-shaped steel; the second anchoring structure includes at least two second prestressed anchor cables, a plurality of the second prestressed anchor cables are embedded in the rock and soil mass and are respectively placed on both sides of the cave, and the other end of the second prestressed anchor cable is connected to the second arc-shaped steel.

[0035] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the first prestressed anchor cable comprises a first steel strand, a first grouting layer cast on the first steel strand, and a first sleeve sleeved on the first steel strand, one end of the first sleeve passes through the first arc-shaped steel and is placed in the tunnel, and one end of the first sleeve is connected to the first arc-shaped steel through a first anchor;

[0036] The second prestressed anchor cable includes a second steel strand, a second grouting layer cast on the second steel strand, and a second sleeve sleeved on the second steel strand, one end of the second sleeve passes through the second arc-shaped steel and is placed in the tunnel, and one end of the second sleeve is connected to the second arc-shaped steel through a second anchor.

[0037] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, a first pad is provided between the first anchor and the first arc-shaped steel and / or a second pad is provided between the second anchor and the second arc-shaped steel.

[0038] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, along the extension direction of the tunnel, the first anchoring structure and the second anchoring structure are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the cave.

[0039] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the tunnel vault cave reinforcement system also includes a grouting structure and an exhaust structure, the grouting structure includes a grouting pipe, one end of the grouting pipe passes through a gap between any adjacent advance steel pipes and is connected to the bottom of the cave, and the other end of the grouting pipe is arranged in the tunnel, and the exhaust structure includes an exhaust pipe, one end of the exhaust pipe passes through a gap between any adjacent advance steel pipes and is connected to the top of the cave, and the other end of the exhaust pipe is arranged in the tunnel.

[0040] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the grouting structure also includes a first control valve arranged on the grouting pipe, and the first control valve is arranged in the tunnel; the exhaust structure also includes a second control valve arranged on the exhaust pipe, and the second control valve is arranged in the tunnel.

[0041] The technical solution of the embodiment of the present invention has the following significant beneficial effects:

[0042] The tunnel vault cave reinforcement method of the present invention can provide good support for the rock and soil below the target cave by constructing a support structure between the tunnel vault and the target cave, effectively ensuring the structural stability of the target cave area during tunnel excavation, and reducing the risk of collapse in the target cave area. In addition, the tunnel vault cave reinforcement method can also form grouting boreholes and exhaust boreholes through drilling construction, and the grouting liquid can be injected into the target cave through the grouting borehole, and the gas in the target cave can be discharged through the exhaust borehole, so that the grouting liquid can fully fill the target cave. In addition, after the grouting liquid fills the target cave, it will continue to be injected to increase the pressure of the grouting liquid. The compactness of the grouting liquid is improved by increasing the pressure of the grouting liquid in the target cave. When the grouting liquid solidifies in the target cave, it can better play a role in strengthening the strength of the target cave, thereby realizing the rapid reinforcement and treatment of the tunnel vault cave. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0043] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for use in the description of the embodiments. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative work.

[0044] The accompanying drawings described herein are only for explanation purposes and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention in any way. In addition, the shapes and proportional dimensions of the various components in the figures are only schematic, used to help understand the present invention, and are not specifically limited to the shapes and proportional dimensions of the various components of the present invention. Those skilled in the art can select various possible shapes and proportional dimensions to implement the present invention according to the teachings of the present invention.

[0045] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of a front cross-sectional structure of an embodiment of the first anchoring structure of the present invention;

[0046] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of a side cross-sectional structure of an embodiment of the first anchoring structure of the present invention;

[0047] Figure 3 A schematic diagram of a side cross-sectional structure of an embodiment of the second anchoring structure of the present invention;

[0048] Figure 4 A side structural schematic diagram of an embodiment of the grouting structure and the exhaust structure of the present invention;

[0049] Figure 5 The figure is a side structural schematic diagram of an embodiment of the tunnel vault cave reinforcement system of the present invention.

[0050] Reference numerals in the above drawings:

[0051] 100, tunnel; 101, tunnel vault;

[0052] 200. Cave;

[0053] 300, rock and soil mass;

[0054] 1. Support structure; 11. Advanced steel pipe;

[0055] 2. first anchoring structure; 21. first prestressed anchor cable; 211. first steel strand; 212. first grouting layer; 213. first casing; 214. first anchor;

[0056] 3. second anchoring structure; 31. second prestressed anchor cable; 311. second steel strand; 312. second grouting layer; 313. second casing; 314. second anchor;

[0057] 4. First connecting member; 41. First arc-shaped steel; 42. First pad;

[0058] 5. Second connecting member; 51. Second arc-shaped steel; 52. Second pad;

[0059] 6. Grouting structure; 61. Grouting pipe; 62. First control valve;

[0060] 7. Exhaust structure; 71. Exhaust pipe; 72. Second control valve. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0061] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0062] Implementation Method 1

[0063] Please refer to Figure 2 , Figure 3 and Figure 4 As shown, an embodiment of the present invention provides a tunnel vault cave reinforcement method, and the tunnel vault cave reinforcement method includes the following steps:

[0064] Step 1000: Detect the area to be constructed in the tunnel 100 to obtain the size and position information of the target cave 200 located at the tunnel vault 101;

[0065] Step 2000: excavating the tunnel 100 in the construction area, so that the tunnel 100 is close to the front end of the target cave 200;

[0066] Step 3000: constructing a support structure between the tunnel vault 101 and the target cave 200;

[0067] Step 4000: drilling the tunnel vault 101 to form an exhaust borehole and a grouting borehole connected to the target cave 200;

[0068] Step 5000: performing a grouting operation on the target cave 200 through a grouting drilling hole, and performing an exhaust operation on the target cave 200 through an exhaust drilling hole;

[0069] Step 6000: when the grouting liquid is uniformly discharged from the target cave 200, the exhaust operation is stopped, and the grouting and pressurization of the target cave 200 are continued;

[0070] Step 7000: When the grouting liquid pressure in the target cave 200 reaches the target pressure, the grouting operation is stopped;

[0071] Step 8000: Dig into the construction area of ​​the tunnel 100 so that the tunnel 100 passes through the supporting structure.

[0072] On the whole, the tunnel vault cave reinforcement method constructs a support structure between the tunnel vault 101 and the target cave 200. The support structure can provide good support for the rock and soil body 300 below the target cave 200, effectively ensuring the structural stability of the area where the target cave 200 is located during the excavation of the tunnel 100, and reducing the risk of landslides in the area where the target cave 200 is located.

[0073] Furthermore, the tunnel vault cave reinforcement method can also form grouting boreholes and exhaust boreholes through drilling construction, and the grouting liquid can be injected into the target cave 200 through the grouting boreholes, and the gas in the target cave 200 can be discharged through the exhaust boreholes, so that the grouting liquid can fully fill the target cave 200. Moreover, after the grouting liquid fills the target cave 200, it will continue to be injected to increase the pressure of the grouting liquid. By increasing the pressure of the grouting liquid in the target cave 200, the density of the grouting liquid is improved. When the grouting liquid solidifies in the target cave 200, it can better play a role in strengthening the strength of the target cave 200, thereby realizing the rapid reinforcement and treatment of the cave 200.

[0074] In a specific embodiment, the grouting liquid is a light fluidized solidified soil, and the weight of the light fluidized solidified soil is less than 6 kN / m3 , strength is not less than 3MPa. Of course, the designer can adjust the specific composition and proportion of the grouting liquid according to the needs of use, and no specific restrictions are made here.

[0075] The content of the target cave 200 is generally gas. If the target cave 200 is not reinforced and managed, the structure of the hollow target cave 200 is relatively unstable during the tunnel construction process, which is prone to safety hazards. The tunnel vault cave reinforcement method of the present invention can reinforce and manage the target cave 200, thereby ensuring the structural stability of the area where the target cave 200 is located and reducing safety hazards.

[0076] In an embodiment of the present invention, the area to be constructed of the tunnel 100 is detected to obtain the size and position information of the target cave 200 located at the tunnel vault 101, which specifically includes the following steps:

[0077] Step 1001: Detect the area to be constructed of the tunnel 100 by using geological radar to obtain the size and position information of the target cave 200 located at the tunnel vault 101.

[0078] The geological radar can efficiently detect the karst caves 200 in the area to be constructed of the tunnel 100, wherein the karst cave 200 located at the tunnel vault 101 that is first encountered during the construction of the tunnel 100 can be set as the target karst cave 200.

[0079] By analyzing the signals obtained by the geological radar, the position, size and fluid filling degree signals of the target cave 200 can be obtained, so that the operator can adjust the specific construction plan of the subsequent support structure according to the specific conditions of the target cave 200, with better adjustment flexibility.

[0080] In an embodiment of the present invention, the construction of the support structure between the tunnel vault 101 and the target cave 200 specifically includes the following steps:

[0081] Step 3001: at a first distance from the front end of the target cave 200, an advance steel pipe 11 is installed in the tunnel vault 101 according to the target spacing, so that the advance steel pipe 11 is embedded in the rock and soil body 300 between the tunnel vault 101 and the target cave 200;

[0082] Step 3002: drilling a first prestressed anchor cable 21 in the tunnel vault 101 at a second distance from the front end of the target cave 200, and connecting the first prestressed anchor cable 21 to each advanced steel pipe 11 through the first arc-shaped steel 41;

[0083] Step 3003: Continue to excavate the tunnel 100 in the area to be constructed, so that the tunnel 100 passes through the target cave 200 and is placed between the rear end of the target cave 200 and the other end of each leading steel pipe 11;

[0084] Step 3004: At a third distance from the rear end of the target cave 200, a second prestressed anchor cable 31 is drilled in the tunnel vault 101, and the second prestressed anchor cable 31 is connected to each advanced steel pipe 11 through a second arc-shaped steel 51 to complete the support structure construction.

[0085] By constructing an advance steel pipe 11 below the target cave 200, the advance steel pipe 11 is embedded in the rock and soil layer, so that multiple advance steel pipes 11 can cooperate to provide good support for the rock and soil body 300 below the target cave 200, reducing the impact of the tunnel construction process on the target cave 200.

[0086] Furthermore, the two ends of the advance steel pipe 11 are respectively provided with a first prestressed anchor cable 21 and a second prestressed anchor cable 31. By embedding the first prestressed anchor cable 21 and the second prestressed anchor cable 31 in the rock mass 300, the first prestressed anchor cable 21 and one end of each advance steel pipe 11 are connected by the first arc-shaped steel 41, and the second prestressed anchor cable 31 is connected to the other end of each advance steel pipe 11 by the second arc-shaped steel 51, so that the first prestressed anchor cable 21 and the second prestressed anchor cable 31 can be used to tension and lock the advance steel pipe 11, thereby significantly improving the supporting performance of each advance steel pipe 11, and being able to better support the area where the target cave 200 is located.

[0087] Preferably, the first arc-shaped steel section 41 is perpendicular to each leading steel tube 11 , and the second arc-shaped steel section 51 is also perpendicular to each leading steel tube 11 .

[0088] In the embodiment of the present invention, the first distance is not less than 3m, the second distance is not less than 5m, and the third distance is not less than 5m. By controlling the sizes of the first distance, the second distance, and the third distance, a certain rock and soil layer can be reserved near the target cave 200, through which the stability of the target cave 200 is maintained and space is provided for the construction of the support structure.

[0089] Of course, the designer can adjust the first distance, the second distance and the third distance according to the specific conditions of the target cave 200, and no specific numerical limit is imposed here.

[0090] In an embodiment of the present invention, a grouting operation is performed on the target cave 200 through a grouting drilling hole, and an exhaust operation is performed on the target cave 200 through an exhaust drilling hole, which specifically includes the following steps:

[0091] Step 5001: inserting the grouting pipe 61 into the grouting borehole to connect to the target cave 200, and inserting the exhaust pipe 71 into the exhaust borehole to connect to the target cave 200;

[0092] Step 5002 : Open the grouting pipe 61 and the exhaust pipe 71 , inject grouting liquid into the target cave 200 through the grouting pipe 61 , and exhaust the target cave 200 through the exhaust pipe 71 .

[0093] Through drilling construction, grouting holes and exhaust holes can be quickly formed on the tunnel vault 101, so that it is convenient to insert the grouting pipe 61 into the target cave 200 through the grouting hole for grouting operation, and it is also convenient to insert the exhaust pipe 71 into the target cave 200 through the exhaust hole for exhaust operation.

[0094] Furthermore, by placing the outlet of the grouting pipe 61 at the bottom of the target cave 200 and the inlet of the exhaust pipe 71 at the top of the target cave 200, during the grouting process, the grouting liquid can gradually squeeze the gas in the target cave 200 upward from the bottom of the target cave 200, so that the gas can be discharged synchronously through the exhaust pipe 71, thereby improving the efficiency of grouting and exhaust.

[0095] By cooperating with the grouting pipe 61 and the exhaust pipe 71, only one grouting liquid conveying device needs to be set up. The grouting liquid can be conveyed to the grouting pipe 61 through the grouting liquid conveying device to simultaneously complete the grouting and exhaust operations, which has more efficient construction efficiency and significantly reduces construction costs.

[0096] In a specific embodiment, the target pressure is not less than 5 MPa. By increasing the pressure of the grouting liquid in the target cave 200, the grouting liquid can fully fill the target cave 200 and improve the density of the grouting liquid in the target cave 200. After the grouting liquid solidifies in the target cave 200, it can better strengthen the strength of the target cave 200, thereby achieving rapid reinforcement and treatment of the cave 200.

[0097] Implementation Method 2

[0098] Please refer to Figure 1 and Figure 5As shown, a tunnel vault cave reinforcement system is also provided in an embodiment of the present invention, which is used to be arranged between a tunnel vault 101 and a cave 200 located above the tunnel vault 101. The tunnel vault cave reinforcement system at least includes a support structure 1, a first anchoring structure 2 and a second anchoring structure 3. The support structure 1 is arranged along the extension direction of the tunnel 100 and embedded in the rock and soil body 300 between the tunnel vault 101 and the cave 200; the first anchoring structure 2 is arranged along the radial direction of the tunnel 100 and placed on one side of the cave 200, one end of the first anchoring structure 2 is embedded in the rock and soil body 300, and the other end of the first anchoring structure 2 is connected to one end of the support structure 1; the second anchoring structure 3 is arranged along the radial direction of the tunnel 100 and placed on the other side of the cave 200, one end of the second anchoring structure 3 is embedded in the rock and soil body 300, and the other end of the second anchoring structure 3 is connected to the other end of the support structure 1.

[0099] On the whole, the tunnel vault cave reinforcement system embeds the support structure 1 between the tunnel vault 101 and the target cave 200, and the support structure 1 can support the rock and soil 300 below the target cave 200, thereby improving the stability of the area where the target cave 200 is located. In addition, a first anchoring structure 2 and a second anchoring structure 3 are also arranged on both sides of the support structure 1. The first anchoring structure 2 and the second anchoring structure 3 are respectively arranged on both sides of the target cave 200 and embedded in the rock and soil 300, and the first anchoring structure 2 and the second anchoring structure 3 are also connected to the support structure 1, so that the support structure 1 can be tensioned and pulled by the first anchoring structure 2 and the second anchoring structure 3, thereby improving the support performance of the support structure 1 and further ensuring the structural stability of the area where the target cave 200 is located.

[0100] In a specific embodiment, the tunnel vault cave reinforcement system of the present invention can be used to implement the method in implementation mode one.

[0101] Of course, in other embodiments, designers can adjust the usage of the tunnel vault cave reinforcement system according to usage requirements, and no specific restrictions are made here.

[0102] In an embodiment of the present invention, Figure 1 In the illustrated embodiment, the support structure 1 includes a plurality of advanced steel pipes 11 , which are arranged along the extension direction of the tunnel 100 , and are arranged in a ring at intervals and embedded between the tunnel vault 101 and the cave 200 .

[0103] By arranging a plurality of advanced steel pipes 11 along the extension direction of the tunnel 100 and embedding them in the rock mass 300 between the tunnel vault 101 and the target cave 200 , the plurality of advanced steel pipes 11 can play a good supporting role.

[0104] When the tunnel 100 is excavated to the bottom of the target cave 200, the multiple advance steel pipes 11 cooperate to reduce the deformation of the rock and soil layer below the target cave 200, thereby maintaining the stability of the target cave 200 and reducing the risk of collapse of the tunnel vault 101.

[0105] Designers can adjust the number and spacing of the advance steel pipes 11 according to support requirements, and no specific restrictions are made here.

[0106] In an embodiment of the present invention, Figure 5 In the embodiment shown, the tunnel vault cave reinforcement system also includes a first connecting member 4 and a second connecting member 5, both of which are arranged in an arc shape, and the first connecting member 4 and the second connecting member 5 are relatively arranged at the two ends of each advanced steel pipe 11 and abut against the tunnel vault 101, the other end of the first anchoring structure 2 passes through the gap between any adjacent advanced steel pipes 11 and is connected to the first connecting member 4, and the other end of the second anchoring structure 3 passes through the gap between any adjacent advanced steel pipes 11 and is connected to the second connecting member 5.

[0107] The first anchoring structure 2 can be connected to one end of each advanced steel pipe 11 through the first connecting piece 4, so that one end of each advanced steel pipe 11 can be tensioned and pulled by the first anchoring structure 2 embedded in the rock mass 300, further improving the supporting performance of each advanced steel pipe 11.

[0108] Furthermore, the second connecting member 5 can also connect the second anchoring structure 3 with the other end of each advanced steel pipe 11, so that the other end of each advanced steel pipe 11 can be tensioned and pulled by using the second anchoring structure 3 embedded in the rock mass 300. The first anchoring structure 2 and the second anchoring structure 3 cooperate to significantly improve the supporting performance of each advanced steel pipe 11, so that the area where the target cave 200 is located can be supported more stably.

[0109] In a specific embodiment, the first connecting member 4 is arranged on the inner wall of the tunnel vault 101 and is perpendicular to each advanced steel pipe 11. The second connecting member 5 is arranged on the inner wall of the tunnel vault 101 and is perpendicular to each advanced steel pipe 11. By making the first connecting member 4 and the second connecting member 5 perpendicular to each advanced steel pipe 11, the first connecting member 4 and the second connecting member 5 can evenly support each advanced steel pipe 11.

[0110] In an embodiment of the present invention, the first connecting member 4 includes a first arc-shaped steel 41 , and the other end of the first anchoring structure 2 is connected to the first arc-shaped steel 41 ; the second connecting member 5 includes a second arc-shaped steel 51 , and the other end of the second anchoring structure 3 is connected to the second arc-shaped steel 51 .

[0111] Specifically, the first arc-shaped steel 41 is arranged at one end of each advanced steel pipe 11 and abuts against the bottom of each advanced steel pipe 11. In addition, by connecting the first arc-shaped steel 41 to the first anchoring structure 2, the supporting performance of the first arc-shaped steel 41 is improved, and the first arc-shaped steel 41 can better support one end of each advanced steel pipe 11, thereby increasing the stability of the advanced steel pipe 11.

[0112] In addition, the second arc-shaped steel 51 is arranged at the other end of each advanced steel pipe 11 and abuts against the bottom of each advanced steel pipe 11. The second arc-shaped steel 51 is connected to the second anchoring structure 3, thereby improving the supporting performance of the second arc-shaped steel 51, and the second arc-shaped steel 51 can better support the other end of each advanced steel pipe 11, thereby increasing the stability of the advanced steel pipe 11.

[0113] Among them, the advanced steel pipe 11, the first arc-shaped steel 41 and the second arc-shaped steel 51 also have the advantages of convenient material acquisition, high structural strength, low manufacturing cost, etc., and can be used on a large scale to support the area where the target cave 200 is located.

[0114] In other embodiments, designers can adjust the specific structures of the first connecting member 4 and the second connecting member 5 according to usage requirements, and no specific limitation is made herein.

[0115] In an embodiment of the present invention, Figure 1 and Figure 2 In the embodiment shown, the first anchoring structure 2 includes at least two first prestressed anchor cables 21, and the plurality of first prestressed anchor cables 21 are embedded in the rock mass 300 and are respectively placed on both sides of the cave 200, and the other ends of the first prestressed anchor cables 21 are connected to the first arc-shaped steel 41; the second anchoring structure 3 includes at least two second prestressed anchor cables 31, and the plurality of second prestressed anchor cables 31 are embedded in the rock mass 300 and are respectively placed on both sides of the cave 200, and the other ends of the second prestressed anchor cables 31 are connected to the second arc-shaped steel 51.

[0116] By providing a plurality of first prestressed anchor cables 21 , the plurality of first prestressed anchor cables 21 can coordinately tension and pull the first arc-shaped steel 41 , provide multi-point support for the first arc-shaped steel 41 , and improve the support effect of the first arc-shaped steel 41 on each leading steel pipe 11 .

[0117] Furthermore, by providing a plurality of second prestressed anchor cables 31 , the plurality of second prestressed anchor cables 31 can coordinately tension and pull the second arc-shaped steel 51 , thereby providing multi-point support for the second arc-shaped steel 51 , thereby improving the supporting effect of the second arc-shaped steel 51 on each leading steel pipe 11 .

[0118] Designers may increase the number of the first prestressed anchor cables 21 and the second prestressed anchor cables 31 to improve the supporting capacity of the first arc-shaped steel 41 and the second arc-shaped steel 51 , and no specific limitation is made herein.

[0119] Preferably, two first prestressed anchor cables 21 and two second prestressed anchor cables 31 are provided, and the first prestressed anchor cables 21 and the second prestressed anchor cables 31 are arranged at intervals on both sides of the target cave 200 along the extension direction of the tunnel 100. When constructing the support structure, the first prestressed anchor cables 21 can be constructed first, and then the second prestressed anchor cables 31 can be constructed.

[0120] In an embodiment of the present invention, Figure 5 In the embodiment shown, the first prestressed anchor cable 21 includes a first steel strand 211, a first grouting layer 212 cast on the first steel strand 211, and a first sleeve 213 sleeved on the first steel strand 211, one end of the first sleeve 213 passes through the first arc-shaped steel 41 and is placed in the tunnel 100, and one end of the first steel strand 211 is connected to the first arc-shaped steel 41 through a first anchor 214.

[0121] Specifically, drilling is performed on the rock mass 300 above the tunnel vault 101 to form a plurality of first anchor holes, and the number of the first anchor holes is set in one-to-one correspondence with the first prestressed anchor cables 21 .

[0122] The first steel strand 211 is preset in the first anchor hole along the axis direction of the first anchor hole, and the first sleeve 213 is sleeved on the first steel strand 211, and the first anchor hole is connected with the internal space of the tunnel 100 through the first sleeve 213. Then, grouting construction is performed, and the grouting liquid is injected into the first anchor hole from the first sleeve 213. When the grouting liquid solidifies, a first grouting layer 212 is formed on the first steel strand 211. The first steel strand 211 and the first grouting layer 212 cooperate to increase the anchoring strength between the first steel strand 211 and the rock and soil body 300, and have a better use effect.

[0123] After the first prestressed anchor cable 21 is formed by grouting, the first steel strand 211 is connected to the first arc-shaped steel 41 by the first anchor 214, so that the first prestressed anchor cable 21 can tension and pull the first arc-shaped steel 41. The designer can adjust the specific structure of the first anchor 214 according to the connection requirements, and no specific limitation is made here.

[0124] In an embodiment of the present invention, Figure 3 , Figure 4 and Figure 5In the embodiment shown, the second prestressed anchor cable 31 includes a second steel strand 311, a second grouting layer 312 cast on the second steel strand 311, and a second sleeve 313 sleeved on the second steel strand 311, one end of the second sleeve 313 passes through the second arc-shaped steel 51 and is placed in the tunnel 100, and one end of the second sleeve 313 is connected to the second arc-shaped steel 51 through a second anchor 314.

[0125] Specifically, drilling is performed on the rock mass 300 above the tunnel vault 101 to form a plurality of second anchor holes, and the number of the second anchor holes is arranged in a one-to-one correspondence with the number of the second prestressed anchor cables 31 .

[0126] The second steel strand 311 is preset in the second anchor hole along the axial direction of the second anchor hole, and a second sleeve 313 is sleeved on the second steel strand 311, so that the second anchor hole is connected with the inner space of the tunnel 100 through the second sleeve 313. Then, grouting construction is performed, and the grouting liquid is injected into the second anchor hole from the second sleeve 313. When the grouting liquid solidifies, a second grouting layer 312 is formed on the second steel strand 311. The second steel strand 311 and the second grouting layer 312 cooperate to increase the anchoring strength between the second steel strand 311 and the rock and soil body 300, and have a better use effect.

[0127] After the second prestressed anchor cable 31 is formed by grouting, the second steel strand 311 is connected to the second arc-shaped steel 51 by the second anchor 314, so that the second prestressed anchor cable 31 can tension and pull the second arc-shaped steel 51. The designer can adjust the specific structure of the second anchor 314 according to the connection requirements, and no specific limitation is made here.

[0128] In the embodiment of the present invention, a first pad 42 is further provided between the first anchor 214 and the first arc-shaped steel 41. By providing the first pad 42 between the first anchor 214 and the first arc-shaped steel 41, the first pad 42 can reduce friction and improve the service life of the first anchor 214 and the first arc-shaped steel 41.

[0129] Preferably, the first pad 42 is sleeved on the first steel strand 211 and placed between the first anchor 214 and the inner end surface of the first arc-shaped steel 41. Designers can adjust the specific structure and material of the first pad 42 according to usage requirements, and no specific restrictions are made here.

[0130] In the embodiment of the present invention, a second pad 52 is further provided between the second anchor 314 and the second arc-shaped steel 51. By providing the second pad 52 between the second anchor 314 and the second arc-shaped steel 51, the second pad 52 can reduce friction and increase the service life of the second anchor 314 and the second arc-shaped steel 51.

[0131] Preferably, the second pad 52 is sleeved on the second steel strand 311 and placed between the second anchor 314 and the inner end surface of the second arc-shaped steel 51. Designers can adjust the specific structure and material of the second pad 52 according to usage requirements, and no specific restrictions are made here.

[0132] In the embodiment of the present invention, along the extension direction of the tunnel 100, the first anchor structure 2 and the second anchor structure 3 are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the cave 200. By symmetrically arranging the first anchor structure 2 and the second anchor structure 3, the first anchor structure 2 and the second anchor structure 3 can more stably tension and pull the first curved steel 41 and the second curved steel 51, so as to provide uniform support for each advanced steel pipe 11.

[0133] like Figure 2 In the embodiment shown, since there is a certain cavity in the non-filled cave 200, the rock and soil 300 at the bottom of the cave 200 is easily released from stress during the excavation of the tunnel 100, causing the cave 200 to deform accordingly, thereby reducing the stability of the cave 200. Although the advanced steel pipe 11 can provide a certain support to the cave 200, the advanced steel pipe 11 cannot solve the structural instability caused by the cavity in the target cave 200, so the cavity in the cave 200 needs to be filled and reinforced.

[0134] In order to solve the above problems, Figure 4 In the embodiment shown, in an implementation manner of the present invention, the tunnel vault cave reinforcement system also includes a grouting structure 6 and an exhaust structure 7, the grouting structure 6 includes a grouting pipe 61, one end of the grouting pipe 61 passes through a gap between any adjacent advanced steel pipes 11 and is connected to the bottom of the cave 200, and the other end of the grouting pipe 61 is arranged in the tunnel 100, and the exhaust structure 7 includes an exhaust pipe 71, one end of the exhaust pipe 71 passes through a gap between any adjacent advanced steel pipes 11 and is connected to the top of the cave 200, and the other end of the exhaust pipe 71 is arranged in the tunnel 100.

[0135] The grouting liquid can be injected into the cavity of the target cave 200 through the grouting pipe 61 , and the gas in the cavity of the target cave 200 can be discharged through the exhaust pipe 71 , so that the grouting liquid can fully fill the target cave 200 .

[0136] Furthermore, after the grouting liquid fills the target cave 200, the grouting liquid can be further injected into the target cave 200 through the grouting pipe 61 to increase the pressure of the grouting liquid in the target cave 200, so that the grouting liquid has better density after solidification, thereby strengthening the strength of the target cave 200. Furthermore, the gas in the target cave 200 can be synchronously discharged during the grouting process through the exhaust pipe 71.

[0137] The grouting liquid is light fluidized solidified soil, and the weight of the light fluidized solidified soil is less than 6k N / m 3 , strength is not less than 3MPa. Of course, designers can also choose grouting fluids with other ingredients, and there is no specific restriction here.

[0138] Furthermore, the grouting structure 6 further includes a first control valve 62 disposed on the grouting pipe 61 , and the first control valve 62 is disposed in the tunnel 100 ; the exhaust structure 7 further includes a second control valve 72 disposed on the exhaust pipe 71 , and the second control valve 72 is disposed in the tunnel 100 .

[0139] The first control valve 62 is used to control the opening and closing of the grouting pipe 61, and the second control valve 72 is used to control the opening and closing of the exhaust pipe 71. Further, during the grouting process, the grouting pipe 61 can be connected to the grouting container pre-stored with the grouting liquid through the conveying device, so that the grouting liquid can be conveyed to the grouting pipe 61 through the conveying device, and the target cave 200 is grouted and pressurized. The designer can determine the specific model of the conveying device according to the use requirements. For example, the conveying device can be set as a conveying pump, which is not specifically limited here.

[0140] All articles and references disclosed, including patent applications and publications, are incorporated herein by reference for various purposes. The term "consisting essentially of ... " describing a combination should include determined elements, ingredients, parts or steps and other elements, ingredients, parts or steps that do not substantially affect the basic novel features of the combination. The use of the terms "comprising" or "including" to describe the combination of elements, ingredients, parts or steps here also contemplates the implementation method consisting essentially of these elements, ingredients, parts or steps. Here, by using the term "may", it is intended to illustrate that any attribute described that "may" includes is optional. Multiple elements, ingredients, parts or steps can be provided by a single integrated element, ingredient, part or step. Alternatively, a single integrated element, ingredient, part or step can be divided into separate multiple elements, ingredients, parts or steps. The disclosure "one" or "one" used to describe an element, ingredient, part or step is not said to exclude other elements, ingredients, parts or steps.

[0141] Each embodiment in this specification is described in a progressive manner, and each embodiment focuses on the differences from other embodiments. The same and similar parts between the embodiments can be referred to each other. The above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical concept and features of the present invention. The purpose is to enable people familiar with this technology to understand the content of the present invention and implement it accordingly, and it cannot be used to limit the scope of protection of the present invention. Any equivalent changes or modifications made according to the spirit of the present invention should be covered within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A tunnel vault cave reinforcement method, characterized in that: The steps include: Detect the area to be constructed in the tunnel to obtain the size and location information of the target cave located in the tunnel vault; Digging and excavating the tunnel in the area to be constructed so that the tunnel approaches the front end of the target cave; Constructing a support structure between the tunnel vault and the target cave; Drilling the tunnel vault to form an exhaust borehole and a grouting borehole connected to the target cave; Performing grouting operation on the target cave through the grouting borehole, and performing exhaust operation on the target cave through the exhaust borehole; When the grouting liquid is uniformly discharged from the target cave, the exhaust operation is stopped, and the grouting and pressurization of the target cave are continued; When the grouting liquid pressure in the target cave reaches the target pressure, the grouting operation is stopped; The tunnel is excavated in the waiting construction area so that the tunnel passes through the supporting structure.

2. The tunnel vault cave reinforcement method according to claim 1, characterized in that: Detect the area to be constructed in the tunnel to obtain the size and location information of the target cave located at the tunnel vault, which specifically includes the following steps: The tunnel construction area is detected by geological radar to obtain the size and position information of the target cave located at the tunnel vault.

3. The tunnel vault cave reinforcement method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The construction of the support structure between the tunnel vault and the target cave specifically includes the following steps: At a first distance from the front end of the target cave, an advance steel pipe is installed in the tunnel vault according to the target interval ring, so that the advance steel pipe is embedded in the rock and soil between the tunnel vault and the target cave; At a second distance from the front end of the target cave, a first prestressed anchor cable is constructed by drilling a hole in the tunnel vault, and the first prestressed anchor cable is connected to each of the advanced steel pipes through a first arc-shaped steel; Continue to excavate the tunnel in the area to be constructed, so that the tunnel passes through the target cave and is placed between the rear end of the target cave and the other end of each of the leading steel pipes; At a third distance from the rear end of the target cave, a second prestressed anchor cable is constructed by drilling a hole in the tunnel vault, and the second prestressed anchor cable is connected to each of the advanced steel pipes through a second arc-shaped steel section to complete the construction of the support structure.

4. The tunnel vault cave reinforcement method according to claim 3, characterized in that: The first distance is not less than 3 m, the second distance is not less than 5 m, and the third distance is not less than 5 m.

5. The tunnel vault cave reinforcement method according to claim 3, characterized in that: The method of performing grouting operation on the target cave through the grouting borehole and performing exhaust operation on the target cave through the exhaust borehole specifically comprises the following steps: Inserting a grouting pipe into the grouting borehole to communicate with the target cave, and inserting an exhaust pipe into the exhaust borehole to communicate with the target cave; The grouting pipe and the exhaust pipe are opened, grouting liquid is injected into the target cave through the grouting pipe, and the target cave is exhausted through the exhaust pipe.

6. The tunnel vault cave reinforcement method according to claim 3, characterized in that: The target pressure is not less than 5 MPa.

7. A tunnel vault cave reinforcement system, used to be arranged between the tunnel vault and the cave located above the tunnel vault, characterized in that: include: A supporting structure, which is arranged along the extension direction of the tunnel and embedded in the rock and soil between the tunnel vault and the karst cave; A first anchoring structure, wherein the first anchoring structure is arranged along the radial direction of the tunnel and is placed on one side of the cave, one end of the first anchoring structure is embedded in the rock and soil mass, and the other end of the first anchoring structure is connected to one end of the supporting structure; A second anchoring structure, wherein the second anchoring structure is arranged along the radial direction of the tunnel and is placed on the other side of the cave, one end of the second anchoring structure is embedded in the rock and soil body, and the other end of the second anchoring structure is connected to the other end of the supporting structure.

8. The tunnel vault cave reinforcement system according to claim 7, characterized in that: The supporting structure comprises a plurality of advanced steel pipes, which are arranged along the extension direction of the tunnel, and are arranged in a ring at intervals and embedded between the tunnel vault and the karst cave.

9. The tunnel vault cave reinforcement system according to claim 8, characterized in that: The tunnel vault cave reinforcement system also includes a first connecting member and a second connecting member, both of which are arranged in an arc shape. The first connecting member and the second connecting member are relatively arranged at the two ends of each of the advanced steel pipes and abut against the tunnel vault. The other end of the first anchoring structure passes through the gap between any adjacent advanced steel pipes and is connected to the first connecting member, and the other end of the second anchoring structure passes through the gap between any adjacent advanced steel pipes and is connected to the second connecting member.

10. The tunnel vault cave reinforcement system according to claim 9, characterized in that: The first connecting member includes a first arc-shaped steel, and the other end of the first anchoring structure is connected to the first arc-shaped steel; the second connecting member includes a second arc-shaped steel, and the other end of the second anchoring structure is connected to the second arc-shaped steel.

11. The tunnel vault cave reinforcement system according to claim 10, characterized in that: The first anchoring structure includes at least two first prestressed anchor cables, multiple of which are embedded in the rock and soil body and respectively placed on both sides of the cave, and the other end of the first prestressed anchor cable is connected to the first arc-shaped steel; the second anchoring structure includes at least two second prestressed anchor cables, multiple of which are embedded in the rock and soil body and respectively placed on both sides of the cave, and the other end of the second prestressed anchor cable is connected to the second arc-shaped steel.

12. The tunnel vault cave reinforcement system according to claim 11, characterized in that: The first prestressed anchor cable comprises a first steel strand, a first grouting layer cast on the first steel strand, and a first sleeve sleeved on the first steel strand, one end of the first sleeve passes through the first arc-shaped steel and is placed in the tunnel, and one end of the first steel strand is connected to the first arc-shaped steel through a first anchor; The second prestressed anchor cable includes a second steel strand, a second grouting layer cast on the second steel strand, and a second sleeve sleeved on the second steel strand, one end of the second sleeve passes through the second arc-shaped steel and is placed in the tunnel, and one end of the second steel strand is connected to the second arc-shaped steel through a second anchor.

13. The tunnel vault cave reinforcement system according to claim 12, characterized in that: A first pad is further provided between the first anchor and the first arc-shaped steel; and / or A second pad is also provided between the second anchor and the second arc-shaped steel.

14. The tunnel vault cave reinforcement system according to claim 7, characterized in that: Along the extension direction of the tunnel, the first anchoring structure and the second anchoring structure are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the cave.

15. The tunnel vault cave reinforcement system according to claim 8, characterized in that: The tunnel vault cave reinforcement system also includes a grouting structure and an exhaust structure. The grouting structure includes a grouting pipe, one end of which passes through a gap between any adjacent advanced steel pipes and is connected to the bottom of the cave, and the other end of the grouting pipe is arranged in the tunnel. The exhaust structure includes an exhaust pipe, one end of which passes through a gap between any adjacent advanced steel pipes and is connected to the top of the cave, and the other end of the exhaust pipe is arranged in the tunnel.

16. The tunnel vault cave reinforcement system according to claim 15, characterized in that: The grouting structure further includes a first control valve arranged on the grouting pipe, and the first control valve is arranged in the tunnel; the exhaust structure further includes a second control valve arranged on the exhaust pipe, and the second control valve is arranged in the tunnel.

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