A throttling refrigerator and a throttling refrigerator probe

Abstract

The application provides a throttling refrigerator, which comprises a heat exchange pipe, a throttling element, a pre-cooling stage expansion cavity and a refrigeration stage expansion cavity, the heat exchange pipe is externally connected with a refrigeration gas working medium gas source at an air inlet end, the air outlet end of the heat exchange pipe is connected with the throttling element, the throttling element is provided with a throttling hole one and a throttling hole two which are respectively communicated with the pre-cooling stage expansion cavity and the refrigeration stage expansion cavity, the heat exchange pipe is located in the pre-cooling stage expansion cavity, and the refrigeration stage expansion cavity is communicated with the atmosphere. The overall framework of the throttling refrigerator adopts a single-stage throttling refrigerator structure, and the one-way injection of the single-stage throttling refrigerator is changed into bidirectional injection. Compared with the single-stage throttling refrigerator, the throttling refrigerator structure of the application adds a refrigeration stage expansion cavity with a constant pressure of atmospheric pressure, so that the time for the refrigerator to drop to the target temperature can be shortened. Compared with the double-stage injection throttling refrigerator, the refrigerator structure of the application eliminates the refrigeration stage gas source and the refrigeration stage heat exchange pipe, so that the air inlet process of the whole machine is optimized, and the assembly difficulty of the whole machine is reduced.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The application belongs to the technical field of throttling refrigeration, and particularly relates to a throttling refrigerator and a throttling refrigeration detector. BACKGROUND

[0002] The throttling refrigeration detector is widely applied in air-to-air and air defense missiles due to small volume and short refrigeration time. The development direction of a new generation of infrared focal plane detectors is Swap3 (small size, low weight, high performance, low power consumption and low cost). The anti-interference ability of a general mid-wave detector is limited, and the anti-interference ability of a long-wave detector is superior. However, the long-wave detector chip often needs a temperature of 80K or lower. A single-stage throttling refrigerator with a conventional working medium cannot meet the requirement of rapid cooling to 80K within 5s. Therefore, a two-stage ejector-type throttling refrigerator is developed to meet the requirements of rapid cooling and a final temperature of 80K or lower.

[0003] The existing two-stage ejector-type throttling refrigerator mainly comprises a pre-cooling stage gas source, a refrigeration stage gas source, an internal cooling finger, a pre-cooling stage heat exchange pipe, a refrigeration stage heat exchange pipe, a heat exchange pipe, a core shaft, a pre-cooling stage throttling valve, a refrigeration stage throttling valve and a connecting pipeline. The pre-cooling stage heat exchange pipe is fixed on the core shaft in a spiral winding manner. Generally, the pre-cooling stage gas source and the refrigeration stage gas source are opened at the same time, flow through the pre-cooling stage heat exchange pipe and the refrigeration stage heat exchange pipe respectively, and the gas in the pre-cooling stage heat exchange pipe is ejected to form low-temperature and low-pressure backflow gas after reaching the pre-cooling stage throttling valve. The low-temperature backflow gas flows through the external fins of the pre-cooling stage heat exchange pipe and the refrigeration stage heat exchange pipe, exchanges heat with the high-temperature gas in the pre-cooling stage heat exchange pipe and the refrigeration stage heat exchange pipe, and is then discharged to the environment. In this way, the high-temperature incoming gas is continuously cooled by the low-temperature backflow gas, so that the gas working medium in the pre-cooling stage heat exchange pipe can be throttled at a lower temperature to obtain a lower refrigeration temperature. The low-temperature backflow gas after pre-cooling can also cool the gas in the refrigeration stage throttling valve, that is, pre-cooling is formed, so that the gas before throttling in the refrigeration stage can reach a lower temperature, and the gas after throttling in the refrigeration stage can be rapidly reduced to 80K to meet the working temperature required by the detector chip. However, the overall structure of the existing two-stage ejector-type throttling refrigerator is relatively complex, and the assembly is more complicated. In addition, the two-stage ejector-type throttling refrigerator must be supplied with two gases at the same time, which greatly limits its application occasions. SUMMARY

[0004] The purpose of the present application is to provide a throttling refrigerator which can at least solve some of the defects in the prior art.

[0005] To achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the present application adopts the following technical solutions:

[0006] A throttling refrigerator comprises a heat exchange tube, a throttling element, a pre-cooling stage expansion cavity and a refrigeration stage expansion cavity, the heat exchange tube has a gas inlet end and a gas outlet end, the gas inlet end is connected with a refrigerant gas source, the gas outlet end is connected with the throttling element, the throttling element has a throttling hole one and a throttling hole two, the throttling hole one and the throttling hole two are connected with the pre-cooling stage expansion cavity and the refrigeration stage expansion cavity respectively, the heat exchange tube is located in the pre-cooling stage expansion cavity, and the refrigeration stage expansion cavity is connected with the atmosphere.

[0007] Further, the throttling hole one has a larger diameter than the throttling hole two.

[0008] Further, the throttling refrigerator further comprises a mandrel, and the heat exchange tube is wound on the mandrel.

[0009] Further, the throttling refrigerator further comprises an inner cooling finger sleeved on the outside of the mandrel, a space between the inner cooling finger and the mandrel forms the pre-cooling stage expansion cavity, and the throttling element is arranged on the top of the inner cooling finger.

[0010] Further, the throttling refrigerator further comprises an outer cooling finger sleeved on the outside of the inner cooling finger, and a space between the outer cooling finger and the inner cooling finger forms the refrigeration stage expansion cavity.

[0011] Further, the outer cooling finger is provided with a cold plate on the top, and the throttling hole two is arranged opposite to the cold plate.

[0012] Further, the throttling element has a cavity connected with the gas outlet end of the heat exchange tube, and the throttling hole one and the throttling hole two are both connected with the cavity.

[0013] Further, the throttling refrigerator further comprises a bottom flange and a gas inlet, the gas inlet is arranged on the bottom flange, the gas inlet end of the heat exchange tube is connected with the gas inlet, and the gas inlet is connected with the gas source.

[0014] In addition, the application further provides a throttling refrigerator detector, which comprises the above throttling refrigerator, a detector chip and a Dewar for packaging the throttling refrigerator and the detector chip, and the detector chip is arranged in a refrigeration area of a throttling refrigeration stage gas sprayed from the throttling hole two of the throttling element.

[0015] Further, the detector chip is arranged opposite to the throttling hole two of the throttling element.

[0016] Compared with the prior art, the application has the following beneficial effects:

[0017] The overall framework of the throttling refrigerator provided by the application adopts a single-stage throttling refrigerator structure, and the one-way injection of the single-stage throttling refrigerator is changed to bidirectional injection, compared with the single-stage throttling refrigerator, the throttling refrigerator structure of the application adds a refrigeration stage expansion chamber with a constant pressure of atmospheric pressure, which can shorten the time for the refrigerator to drop to the target temperature; compared with the double-stage injection throttling refrigerator, the refrigerator structure of the application eliminates the refrigeration stage gas source and the refrigeration stage heat exchange pipe, optimizes the overall air inlet process, and reduces the overall assembly difficulty.

[0018] The application will be further described in detail below with reference to the drawings. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0019] Figure 1 It is a structure schematic view of the throttling refrigerator of the application.

[0020] The reference signs are explained as follows: 1, refrigeration gas working medium gas source; 2, bottom flange; 3, air inlet; 4, core shaft; 5, heat exchange pipe; 6, inner cooling finger; 7, outer cooling finger; 8, pre-cooling stage expansion chamber; 9, throttling element; 10, refrigeration stage expansion chamber; 11, cold disc; 12, throttling hole two; 13, throttling hole one; 14, Dewar. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0021] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the application. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the application, rather than all the embodiments of the application. Based on the embodiments in the application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative work fall within the protection scope of the application.

[0022] In the description of the application, it should be understood that the terms "center", "upper", "lower", "front", "back", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer" and the like indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, and are only intended to facilitate the description of the application and simplify the description, and therefore cannot be understood as indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as a limitation on the application.

[0023] In the description of the application, it should be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "mounting", "connection", "connection" should be understood broadly, for example, it can be fixed connection, or detachable connection, or abutting connection or integrally connected; for those skilled in the art, the specific meaning of the above terms in the application can be understood according to the specific circumstances.

[0024] The terms "first", "second", etc. are used only for descriptive purposes and should not be construed as implying or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of the indicated technical features. Therefore, the features defined with "first", "second" can explicitly or implicitly include one or more features; in the description of the present application, unless otherwise stated, the meaning of "multiple" is two or more.

[0025] As shown in Figure 1 The embodiment provides a throttling refrigerator, which comprises a heat exchange pipe 5, a throttling element 9, a pre-cooling stage expansion cavity 8 and a refrigeration stage expansion cavity 10. The gas inlet end of the heat exchange pipe 5 is connected with a refrigerant gas source 1, the gas outlet end is connected with the throttling element 9, the throttling element 9 has throttling holes one 13 and throttling holes two 12 which are respectively connected with the pre-cooling stage expansion cavity 8 and the refrigeration stage expansion cavity 10, the heat exchange pipe 5 is located in the pre-cooling stage expansion cavity 8, and the refrigeration stage expansion cavity 10 is connected with the atmosphere. The heat exchange pipe 5 can be a finned tube structure, and the throttling element 9 can be a throttling valve.

[0026] In operation, the refrigerant gas source 1 is opened, and the output refrigerant gas flows through the heat exchange pipe 5, and is divided into two parts after reaching the throttling element 9. One part of the refrigerant gas is sprayed out of the throttling holes one 13 of the throttling element 9 to form a throttling pre-cooling stage gas which enters the pre-cooling stage expansion cavity 8, and the other part of the refrigerant gas is sprayed out of the throttling holes two 12 of the throttling element 9 to form a throttling refrigeration stage gas which enters the refrigeration stage expansion cavity 10. Since the refrigeration stage expansion cavity 10 is connected with the atmosphere, the pressure thereof is always kept at the atmospheric pressure, so that the throttling refrigeration stage gas will not have a slow cooling process at the boiling point after entering the refrigeration stage expansion cavity 10, thereby shortening the time for the refrigerator to reach the target temperature and achieving the purpose of rapid refrigeration in the low-temperature zone. Meanwhile, when the throttling pre-cooling stage gas enters the pre-cooling stage expansion cavity 8, the pressure in the pre-cooling stage expansion cavity 8 increases, the throttling cycle is limited, and the temperature of the gas entering the pre-cooling stage expansion cavity 8 is relatively high, thereby prolonging the time for the pre-cooling stage of the refrigerator to reduce the temperature to the same temperature as the refrigeration stage (i.e. the target temperature). Therefore, as long as the refrigeration capacity of the refrigerant gas is large enough and the heat exchange efficiency of the heat exchange pipe is high, the throttling refrigerator can meet the requirements.

[0027] Specifically, the throttling element 9 has a cavity which is connected with the gas outlet end of the heat exchange pipe 5, and the throttling holes one 13 and the throttling holes two 12 are both connected with the cavity. In this way, the pre-cooling stage throttling gas and the refrigeration stage throttling gas before throttling are both located in the same cavity of the throttling element 9 before being sprayed, thereby forming a gas coupling spray. Moreover, the pre-cooling of the throttling pre-cooling stage gas in the pre-cooling stage expansion cavity 8 to the refrigerant gas in the heat exchange pipe 5 is also the pre-cooling of the refrigeration stage throttling gas, thereby improving the throttling refrigeration effect of the refrigeration stage.

[0028] The diameter of the throttling hole one 13 of the throttling element 9 is designed to be larger than the diameter of the throttling hole two 12, so that the mass flow of the gas entering the pre-cooling stage expansion cavity 8 through the throttling element 9 is larger than the mass flow of the gas entering the refrigeration stage expansion cavity 10.

[0029] Optionally, the throttling refrigerator of the embodiment further comprises a mandrel 4 and cold fingers, the cold fingers comprising inner cold fingers 6 and outer cold fingers 7 arranged in an inner-outer interval, the inner cold fingers 6 being located between the mandrel 4 and the outer cold fingers 7, the heat exchange pipes 5 being arranged between the mandrel 4 and the inner cold fingers 6, and the heat exchange pipes 5 being wound on the surface of the mandrel 4, the space between the inner cold fingers 6 and the mandrel 4 constituting the pre-cooling stage expansion cavity 8, the space between the outer cold fingers 7 and the inner cold fingers 6 constituting the refrigeration stage expansion cavity 10, and the throttling element 9 being arranged on the top of the inner cold fingers 6. The high-pressure refrigeration gas working medium output by the refrigeration gas working medium source 1 flows through the heat exchange pipes 5, and the throttling refrigeration effect of the throttling element 9 causes the throttling pre-cooling stage gas sprayed out through the throttling hole one 13 to cool the high-pressure refrigeration gas working medium in the heat exchange pipes 5 in the pre-cooling stage expansion cavity 8, and the throttling refrigeration stage gas sprayed out through the throttling hole two 12 to cool the optical and electrical components such as chips and cold screens in the refrigeration stage expansion cavity 10 before entering the atmosphere. Since the refrigeration stage expansion cavity 10 is in communication with the atmosphere, the flow resistance of the throttling refrigeration stage gas flowing into the atmosphere is small, so that the pressure difference of the throttling element 9 before and after throttling in the refrigeration stage expansion cavity 10 can be increased, and the throttling refrigeration effect can be enhanced.

[0030] Preferably, the inner cold fingers 6 and the mandrel 4 are arranged tangentially to the heat exchange pipes 5, so as to reduce the gap space among the inner cold fingers 6, the heat exchange pipes 5 and the mandrel 4, and improve the cooling effect of the throttling pre-cooling stage gas sprayed out through the throttling hole one 13 on the high-pressure refrigeration gas working medium in the heat exchange pipes 5 in the pre-cooling stage expansion cavity 8.

[0031] Optionally, the top of the outer cold fingers 7 is provided with a cold plate 11 for carrying the optical and electrical components such as chips and cold screens that need to be cooled. Preferably, the cold plate 11 is arranged directly above the throttling hole two 12, so that the throttling refrigeration stage gas sprayed out through the throttling hole two 12 is directly opposite the cold plate 11, and the cooling effect on the optical components on the cold plate 11 is improved.

[0032] Optionally, the above-mentioned throttling refrigerator further comprises a bottom flange 2 and an air inlet 3, the bottom flange 2 being arranged below the mandrel 4, and the air inlet 3 being arranged on the bottom flange 2, the air inlet 3 being connected to the refrigeration gas working medium source 1, the air inlet end of the heat exchange pipes 5 being in communication with the air inlet 2, and the high-pressure refrigeration gas working medium output by the refrigeration gas working medium source 1 entering the heat exchange pipes 5 through the air inlet 2.

[0033] In addition, the embodiment also provides a throttling refrigeration detector, which comprises the throttling refrigeration device, a detector chip and a Dewar 14 for packaging the throttling refrigeration device and the detector chip, the detector chip is arranged in a refrigeration area of throttling refrigeration stage gas sprayed by the throttling hole two 12 of the throttling element 9. Preferably, the detector chip is arranged on the cold plate 11 opposite to the throttling hole two 12. The throttling refrigeration device adopts a conical structure, the throttling refrigeration device realizes rapid refrigeration through heat exchange structures, throttling elements and other components, the throttling refrigeration stage gas sprayed by the throttling hole two 12 of the throttling element carries away the heat around, and the detector chip is cooled.

[0034] In conclusion, the whole frame of the throttling refrigeration device provided by the embodiment adopts a single-stage throttling refrigeration device structure, and the one-way spraying of the single-stage throttling refrigeration device is changed to bidirectional spraying. Compared with the single-stage throttling refrigeration device, the throttling refrigeration device structure of the embodiment adds a refrigeration stage expansion cavity with a constant pressure of atmospheric pressure, so that the time for the refrigeration device to drop to the target temperature can be shortened. Compared with the double-stage spraying throttling refrigeration device, the refrigeration device structure of the embodiment eliminates the refrigeration stage gas source and the refrigeration stage heat exchange pipe, optimizes the whole machine air inlet process, and reduces the whole machine assembly difficulty.

[0035] The above examples are only illustrative of the present application and do not constitute a limitation on the protection scope of the present application, and any design identical or similar to the present application belongs to the protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A throttling refrigerator characterized by: The throttling refrigeration device comprises a heat exchange pipe, a throttling element, a pre-cooling stage expansion cavity and a refrigeration stage expansion cavity, the gas inlet end of the heat exchange pipe is connected with a refrigerant gas source, the gas outlet end of the heat exchange pipe is connected with the throttling element, the throttling element has a throttling hole one and a throttling hole two which are respectively connected with the pre-cooling stage expansion cavity and the refrigeration stage expansion cavity, the throttling element has a cavity which is connected with the gas outlet end of the heat exchange pipe, and the throttling hole one and the throttling hole two are both connected with the cavity; the heat exchange pipe is located in the pre-cooling stage expansion cavity, and the refrigeration stage expansion cavity is connected with the atmosphere. The throttling refrigeration device further comprises a mandrel, an inner cooling finger which is sleeved on the outside of the mandrel, and an outer cooling finger which is sleeved on the outside of the inner cooling finger, the space between the inner cooling finger and the mandrel forms the pre-cooling stage expansion cavity, the throttling element is arranged on the top of the inner cooling finger, and the space between the outer cooling finger and the inner cooling finger forms the refrigeration stage expansion cavity.

2. The throttling refrigerator of claim 1, wherein: The diameter of the throttling hole one is larger than the diameter of the throttling hole two.

3. The throttling refrigerator of claim 1, wherein: The heat exchange pipe is wound on the mandrel.

4. The throttling refrigerator of claim 1, wherein: The outer cooling finger is provided with a cooling disc on the top, and the throttling hole two is arranged opposite to the cooling disc.

5. The throttling refrigerator of claim 1, wherein: The throttling refrigeration device further comprises a bottom flange and an air inlet, the air inlet is arranged on the bottom flange, the gas inlet end of the heat exchange pipe is connected with the air inlet, and the air inlet is connected with the gas source.

6. A throttling refrigeration probe characterized by: The throttling refrigeration device, the detector chip and the Dewar for packaging the throttling refrigeration device and the detector chip are provided, the detector chip is arranged in the refrigeration area of the throttling refrigeration stage gas which is sprayed by the throttling hole two of the throttling element.

7. The throttling refrigeration probe of claim 6, wherein: The detector chip is arranged opposite to the throttling hole two of the throttling element.

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