Layered acquisition system using optical fiber temperature and pressure measurement technology

Abstract

The invention relates to a layered acquisition system using an optical fiber temperature and pressure measurement technology, a lower joint is provided with an accommodating cavity and an inner flow channel, and the accommodating cavity is located above the inner flow channel; the optical fiber measuring short section comprises a circuit board, an optical fiber pressure sensor and an optical fiber temperature pressure sensor, the optical fiber pressure sensor is used for measuring the internal pressure of the connector assembly, and the optical fiber temperature pressure sensor is used for measuring the external pressure and the internal temperature of the connector assembly; a movable piston is arranged at an inlet and an outlet of the water nozzle, the water nozzle communicates with the inner flow channel, and the movable motor is used for driving the movable piston to move in the horizontal direction. According to the technical scheme, the optical fiber sensor is adopted for measurement, the optical fiber sensor is not affected by electromagnetic interference, and the anti-interference capacity is high. And the optical fiber is used as a sensing medium, the signal attenuation is low, long-distance temperature and pressure data transmission can be realized, underground operation can be better adapted, and reliable and accurate data can be transmitted back.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the field of oil field stratification testing, and in particular to a stratification acquisition system utilizing optical fiber temperature and pressure measurement technology. Background Art

[0002] In the process of oilfield stratification and production allocation, accurate measurement of formation temperature and pressure is the key to achieving efficient and safe production. However, existing temperature and pressure measurement methods usually use electrical or acoustic sensors for measurement, which may be limited in some complex environments. For example, electrical sensors may be affected by electromagnetic interference, while acoustic sensors may be affected by noise or signal propagation delay. Summary of the invention

[0003] Therefore, it is necessary to provide a hierarchical acquisition system using optical fiber temperature and pressure measurement technology to solve the technical problem that existing temperature and pressure measurement methods may be limited in certain complex environments.

[0004] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides a hierarchical data collection system using optical fiber temperature and pressure measurement technology, comprising:

[0005] The joint assembly comprises an upper joint, an outer casing and a lower joint, wherein the upper joint is threadedly connected to one end of the outer casing, and the other end of the outer casing is threadedly connected to the lower joint, and the lower joint has a receiving cavity and an inner flow channel, wherein the receiving cavity is located above the inner flow channel;

[0006] A short-circuit assembly is installed in the accommodating cavity, and the short-circuit assembly includes an optical fiber measuring short section, and the optical fiber measuring short section includes a circuit board, an optical fiber pressure sensor, and an optical fiber temperature and pressure sensor;

[0007] The piston assembly includes a water nozzle, a movable piston, a movable motor and a movable screw. The water nozzle is installed in the accommodating chamber and is located above the short-circuit assembly. The movable piston is arranged at the inlet and outlet of the water nozzle. The water nozzle is connected to the internal flow channel. The output end of the movable motor is connected to the movable screw. The movable piston is threadedly connected to the movable screw. The movable motor drives the movable piston to move in the horizontal direction.

[0008] As an embodiment of the present invention, a layered acquisition system utilizing optical fiber temperature and pressure measurement technology also includes an optical fiber measurement component, which includes a light source, a first coupler, and a wavelength demodulator. One end of the light source is respectively connected to the optical fiber pressure sensor and the optical fiber temperature and pressure sensor, and the other end of the light source is connected to the first coupler, which is connected to the wavelength demodulator.

[0009] As an embodiment of the present invention, the layered acquisition system using optical fiber temperature and pressure measurement technology also includes a computer, which is connected to the wavelength demodulator. The computer analyzes the electrical signal converted by the wavelength demodulator to obtain temperature and pressure information of the formation.

[0010] As an embodiment of the present invention, the optical fiber measuring sub also includes a sensor seat, on which an optical fiber pressure sensor and an optical fiber temperature and pressure sensor are installed.

[0011] As an embodiment of the present invention, the optical fiber pressure sensor includes a first housing, a connection cover, a fixing bracket, a planar diaphragm, a temperature compensation grating, a pressure sensitive grating, a second coupler, a first optical fiber and a first protective cover;

[0012] A first opening is provided at one end of the first shell, a connecting cover is sealed and connected to the first shell through the first opening, a fixing bracket is connected to the connecting cover through a planar diaphragm, a groove is provided in the fixing bracket, a temperature compensation grating is installed in the groove, a pressure sensitive grating is installed on the fixing bracket, one end of the first optical fiber extends into the first shell, and is respectively connected to the temperature compensation grating and the pressure sensitive grating through a second coupler, the other end of the first optical fiber is used to be connected to a light source, and a first protective sleeve is sleeved outside the first optical fiber.

[0013] As an embodiment of the present invention, the optical fiber pressure sensor further includes a retaining ring and a sealing ring, and the two sides of the connecting cover are sealedly connected to the first shell through the retaining ring and the sealing ring respectively.

[0014] As an embodiment of the present invention, the optical fiber temperature and pressure sensor includes a second housing, a thermosensitive material body, a temperature measurement grating, a sealing plug, a second optical fiber and a second protective cover;

[0015] A second opening is provided at one end of the second shell, a thermosensitive material body is installed in the second shell, the thermosensitive material body wraps the temperature measuring grating, a sealing plug blocks the second opening, one end of the second optical fiber extends into the second shell through the sealing plug and is connected to the thermosensitive material body, the other end of the second optical fiber is used to be connected to the light source, and a second protective sleeve is provided outside the second optical fiber.

[0016] As an implementation mode of the present invention, the movable piston is sealedly connected to the inlet and outlet of the water nozzle.

[0017] As an embodiment of the present invention, the following steps are also included:

[0018] S1: Install the joint components along the pipe string in layers according to the number of layers in the oil well;

[0019] S2: Start the moving motor, which controls the moving piston to move to the left, opens the inlet and outlet of the water nozzle, and injects water into the oil well in the layer through the inner flow channel;

[0020] S3: When the water injection of the oil well is completed, the light source is connected to the optical fiber pressure sensor and the optical fiber temperature pressure sensor. The oil in the oil well flows into the inner flow channel through the water nozzle. At this time, the optical fiber pressure sensor measures the internal pressure of the pipe string, and the optical fiber temperature pressure sensor measures the external pressure of the pipe string and the temperature of the oil well.

[0021] Different from the existing technology, the above technical solution uses optical fiber sensors for measurement. On the one hand, the optical fiber sensor responds to temperature and pressure very quickly. The temperature and pressure in the well change at a fast rate, and the optical fiber sensor can capture the tiny details of temperature and pressure changes in real time, providing accurate temperature and pressure data. On the other hand, the optical fiber temperature and pressure sensor has a larger temperature measurement range than the traditional temperature sensor, and can work normally in extremely high temperature environments. In addition, the optical fiber sensor itself is not affected by electromagnetic interference and has strong anti-interference ability. And as a sensing medium, the optical fiber has a low signal attenuation, which can realize long-distance temperature and pressure data transmission, and is more adaptable to downhole operations and transmits reliable and accurate data back.

[0022] The above-mentioned records related to the invention content are only an overview of the technical solution of the present application. In order to enable ordinary technicians in the field to more clearly understand the technical solution of the present application, and then implement it according to the text of the specification and the contents recorded in the drawings, and to make the above-mentioned purpose and other purposes, features and advantages of the present application easier to understand, the following is an explanation in combination with the specific implementation mode and drawings of the present application. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0023] The drawings are only used to illustrate the principles, implementation methods, applications, characteristics and effects of the specific embodiments of the present application and other related contents, and shall not be considered as limitations of the present application.

[0024] In the drawings of the specification:

[0025] Figure 1 This is a structural schematic diagram of a layered data collection system using optical fiber temperature and pressure measurement technology according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0026] Figure 2 This is a partial structural diagram of a layered data collection system using optical fiber temperature and pressure measurement technology according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0027] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of a layered data collection system using optical fiber temperature and pressure measurement technology during water injection according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0028] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of a layered data collection system using optical fiber temperature and pressure measurement technology according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0029] Figure 5This is a schematic diagram of the principle of optical fiber measurement components and computer transmission according to one embodiment of the present application;

[0030] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of an optical fiber pressure sensor according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0031] Figure 7 This is a schematic structural diagram of an optical fiber temperature and pressure sensor according to an embodiment of the present application.

[0032] The reference numerals in the above drawings are described as follows:

[0033] 100-layered acquisition system using optical fiber temperature and pressure measurement technology; 1-connector assembly; 11-upper connector; 12-outer casing; 13-lower connector; 131-accommodating cavity; 132-inner flow channel; 2-short-circuit assembly; 21-optical fiber measurement short section; 211-circuit board; 212-optical fiber pressure sensor; 2121-first shell; 2122-connection cover; 2123-fixed bracket; 2124-plane diaphragm; 2125-temperature compensation grating; 2126-pressure sensitive grating; 2127-second coupler; 2128-first optical fiber; 2129-first protective cover; 212a - retaining ring; 212b- sealing ring; 212c- housing; 212d- protective nut; 212e- groove; 212f- pigtail protective cover; 213- optical fiber temperature and pressure sensor; 2131- second housing; 2132- thermosensitive material body; 2133- temperature measurement grating; 2134- sealing plug; 2135- second optical fiber; 2136- second protective cover; 214- sensor seat; 3- piston assembly; 31- water nozzle; 32- moving piston; 4- optical fiber measurement assembly; 41- light source; 42- first coupler; 43- wavelength demodulator; 5- computer; X- horizontal direction. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0034] In order to explain in detail the possible application scenarios, technical principles, specific schemes that can be implemented, and the purposes and effects that can be achieved, the following is a detailed description of the specific embodiments listed in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. The embodiments described herein are only used to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the present application, and are therefore only used as examples, and cannot be used to limit the scope of protection of the present application.

[0035] Reference to "embodiment" herein means that the specific features, structures or characteristics described in conjunction with the embodiment may be included in at least one embodiment of the present application. The term "embodiment" appearing in various places in the specification does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment, nor does it particularly limit its independence or association with other embodiments. In principle, in the present application, as long as there is no technical contradiction or conflict, the various technical features mentioned in the embodiments can be combined in any way to form a corresponding implementable technical solution.

[0036] Unless otherwise defined, the technical terms used in this document have the same meanings as those generally understood by those skilled in the art to which this application belongs; the use of relevant terms in this document is only for describing specific embodiments and is not intended to limit this application.

[0037] In the description of this application, the term "and / or" is an expression used to describe the logical relationship between objects, indicating that three relationships may exist, for example, A and / or B, which means: A exists, B exists, and A and B exist at the same time. In addition, the character " / " in this article generally indicates that the objects before and after are in an "or" logical relationship.

[0038] In the present application, terms such as “first” and “second” are merely used to distinguish one entity or operation from another entity or operation, and do not necessarily require or imply any actual relationship of quantity, priority or sequence between these entities or operations.

[0039] Without further limitations, in this application, the words "include", "comprises", "has" or other similar expressions used in the sentences are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion. These expressions do not exclude the presence of additional elements in the process, method or product including the elements, so that the process, method or product including a series of elements may include not only those limited elements, but also other elements not explicitly listed, or also include elements inherent to such process, method or product.

[0040] Similar to the understanding in the Examination Guidelines, in this application, expressions such as "greater than", "less than", "exceed" and the like are understood to exclude the number itself; expressions such as "above", "below", "within" and the like are understood to include the number itself. In addition, in the description of the embodiments of this application, "multiple" means more than two (including two), and similar expressions related to "multiple" are also understood in this way, such as "multiple groups", "multiple times", etc., unless otherwise clearly and specifically limited.

[0041] In the description of the embodiments of the present application, space-related expressions used, such as "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "length", "width", "thickness", "up", "down", "front", "back", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "vertical", "top", "bottom", "inside", "outside", "clockwise", "counterclockwise", "axial", "radial", "circumferential", etc., indicate the orientation or position relationship based on the orientation or position relationship shown in the specific embodiments or drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the specific embodiments of the present application or facilitating the reader's understanding, and do not indicate or imply that the referred device or component must have a specific position, a specific orientation, or be constructed or operated in a specific orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as a limitation on the embodiments of the present application.

[0042] Unless otherwise expressly specified or limited, in the description of the embodiments of the present application, the terms such as "install", "connect", "connect", "fix", "set", etc. used should be understood in a broad sense. For example, the "connection" can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integrated setting; it can be a mechanical connection, an electrical connection, or a communication connection; it can be a direct connection, or it can be indirectly connected through an intermediate medium; it can be the internal connection of two elements or the interaction relationship between two elements. For technicians in the technical field to which the present application belongs, the specific meanings of the above terms in the embodiments of the present application can be understood according to the specific circumstances.

[0043] According to some embodiments of the present application, please refer to Figures 1 to 4 The present embodiment relates to a layered acquisition system 100 using optical fiber temperature and pressure measurement technology, including a joint assembly 1, a short-circuit assembly 2 and a piston assembly 3. The joint assembly 1 includes an upper joint 11, an outer sheath 12 and a lower joint 13. The upper joint 11 is threadedly connected to one end of the outer sheath 12, and the other end of the outer sheath 12 is threadedly connected to the lower joint 13. The lower joint 13 has a receiving cavity 131 and an inner flow channel 132. The receiving cavity 131 is located above the inner flow channel 132. The short-circuit assembly 2 is installed in the receiving cavity 131. The short-circuit assembly 2 includes an optical fiber measurement short section 21. The optical fiber measurement short section 21 includes a circuit board 211, an optical fiber pressure sensor 212 and an optical fiber temperature and pressure sensor 213, the optical fiber pressure sensor 212 is used to measure the internal pressure of the connector assembly 1, and the optical fiber temperature pressure sensor 213 is used to measure the external pressure and internal temperature of the connector assembly 1; the piston assembly 3 includes a water nozzle 31, a moving piston 32, a moving motor and a moving screw rod, the water nozzle 31 is installed in the accommodating cavity 131 and is located above the short-circuit assembly 2, and a moving piston 32 is provided at the inlet and outlet of the water nozzle 31, the water nozzle 31 is connected to the internal flow channel 132, the output end of the moving motor is connected to the moving screw rod, and the moving piston 32 is threadedly connected to the moving screw rod, and the moving motor is used to drive the moving piston 32 to move left or right along the horizontal direction X to open or close the inlet and outlet of the water nozzle 31.

[0044] The upper joint 11 has internal threads, both ends of the outer casing 12 have external threads, and the lower joint 13 has internal threads. Thus, the upper joint 11 is threadedly connected to one end of the outer casing 12, and the other end of the outer casing 12 is threadedly connected to the lower joint 13.

[0045] The short-circuit assembly 2 includes not only the optical fiber measuring short section 21, but also other internal short sections (not shown in the figure). The circuit board 211 is used to control the operation of other internal short sections.

[0046] like Figures 2 to 4As shown, the moving motor is used to drive the moving piston 32 to move leftward or rightward along the horizontal direction X to open or close the inlet and outlet of the water nozzle 31. In addition to driving the moving piston 32 to move along the horizontal direction X by the moving motor and the moving screw, the moving piston 32 can also be driven to move along the horizontal direction X directly by the cylinder.

[0047] The above technical solution uses optical fiber sensors for measurement. On the one hand, the optical fiber sensor has a very fast response speed to temperature and pressure. The temperature and pressure in the well change at a fast rate, and the optical fiber sensor can capture the tiny details of temperature and pressure changes in real time, providing accurate temperature and pressure data. On the other hand, the optical fiber temperature and pressure sensor 213 has a larger temperature measurement range than traditional temperature sensors and can work normally in extremely high temperature environments. The optical fiber sensor is installed inside the connector assembly 1, which can better protect the optical fiber sensor from damage during operation. In addition, the optical fiber sensor itself is not affected by electromagnetic interference and has strong anti-interference ability. And as a sensing medium, the optical fiber has a low signal attenuation, which can realize long-distance temperature and pressure data transmission, is more adaptable to downhole operations, and transmits reliable and accurate data back.

[0048] According to some embodiments of the present application, optionally, Figure 5 As shown, the layered acquisition system 100 using optical fiber temperature and pressure measurement technology also includes an optical fiber measurement component 4, which includes a light source 41, a first coupler 42 and a wavelength demodulator 43. One end of the light source 41 is connected to the optical fiber pressure sensor 212 and the optical fiber temperature and pressure sensor 213 respectively, and the other end of the light source 41 is connected to the first coupler 42. The first coupler 42 is connected to the wavelength demodulator 43. The wavelength demodulator 43 is used to convert the received optical signal into an electrical signal.

[0049] In actual use, the light source 41 transmits light to the optical fiber pressure sensor 212 and the optical fiber temperature pressure sensor 213. After the light is refracted and reflected in the sensor, the refracted and reflected light signal is received by the photoelectric detection receiver of the wavelength demodulator 43 through the first coupler 42 and converted into an electrical signal.

[0050] According to some embodiments of the present application, optionally, Figure 5 As shown, the layered data acquisition system 100 using optical fiber temperature and pressure measurement technology also includes a computer 5, which is connected to the wavelength demodulator 43. The computer 5 is used to analyze the electrical signal converted by the wavelength demodulator 43 to obtain the temperature information and pressure information of the formation.

[0051] The electrical signal is amplified by the amplifier circuit and enters the chip of the computer 5 for analog-to-digital conversion to obtain a digital signal, thereby obtaining the temperature and pressure information of the formation.

[0052] According to some embodiments of the present application, optionally, Figure 1 As shown, the optical fiber measurement sub 21 further includes a sensor seat 214 , on which an optical fiber pressure sensor 212 and an optical fiber temperature and pressure sensor 213 are mounted.

[0053] The sensor seat 214 facilitates the installation of the optical fiber pressure sensor 212 and the optical fiber temperature pressure sensor 213 .

[0054] According to some embodiments of the present application, optionally, Figure 6 As shown, the optical fiber pressure sensor 212 includes a first housing 2121, a connection cover 2122, a fixing bracket 2123, a planar diaphragm 2124, a temperature compensation grating 2125, a pressure sensitive grating 2126, a second coupler 2127, a first optical fiber 2128 and a first protective cover 2129; a first opening is provided at one end of the first housing 2121, the connection cover 2122 is sealedly connected to the first housing 2121 through the first opening, and the fixing bracket 2123 is connected to the connection cover 2121 through the planar diaphragm 2124. 2, a groove 212e is provided in the fixing bracket 2123, the temperature compensation grating 2125 is installed in the groove 212e, the pressure sensitive grating 2126 is installed on the fixing bracket 2123, one end of the first optical fiber 2128 extends into the first housing 2121, and is respectively connected to the temperature compensation grating 2125 and the pressure sensitive grating 2126 through the second coupler 2127, the other end of the first optical fiber 2128 is used to connect to the light source 41, and the first protective cover 2129 is sleeved outside the first optical fiber 2128.

[0055] The other end of the first optical fiber 2128 is connected to the light source 41 through the first optical cable. The first housing 2121 includes an outer shell 212c and a protective nut 212d, one end of the outer shell 212c is provided with a first opening, and the other end of the outer shell 212c is provided with a protective nut 212d. One end of the first optical fiber 2128 extends into the outer shell 212c through the protective nut 212d, and is respectively connected to the temperature compensation grating 2125 and the pressure sensitive grating 2126 through the second coupler 2127. In some embodiments, the optical fiber pressure sensor 212 also includes a pigtail protective cover 212f, and the first protective cover 2129 and the pigtail protective cover 212f are both sleeved outside the first optical fiber 2128 and located inside the protective nut 212d.

[0056] When pressure acts on the planar diaphragm 2124, the planar diaphragm 2124 will deform, and the length of the first optical fiber 2128 will change, thereby causing a change in the central wavelength of the reflection spectrum of the pressure sensitive grating 2126. By measuring these changes, the pressure of the formation can be calculated according to the following formula.

[0057]

[0058] Among them, Δd is the change of the planar diaphragm 2124, Δp is the pressure difference between the inside and outside of the planar diaphragm 2124, μ is the Poisson's ratio of the planar diaphragm 2124, E is the Young's modulus of the planar diaphragm 2124, h is the thickness of the planar diaphragm 2124, and r is the effective radius of the planar diaphragm 2124.

[0059] According to some embodiments of the present application, optionally, Figure 6 As shown, the optical fiber pressure sensor 212 further includes a retaining ring 212a and a sealing ring 212b, and both sides of the connecting cover 2122 are sealedly connected to the first housing 2121 through the retaining ring 212a and the sealing ring 212b respectively.

[0060] The connection cover 2122 ensures the sealing performance with the first housing 2121 through different sealing rings 212b. There may be two retaining rings 212a and two sealing rings 212b. The sealing ring 212b may be an O-shaped sealing ring 212b.

[0061] According to some embodiments of the present application, optionally, Figure 7 As shown, the optical fiber temperature and pressure sensor 213 includes a second shell 2131, a thermosensitive material body 2132, a temperature measuring grating 2133, a sealing plug 2134, a second optical fiber 2135 and a second protective cover 2136; one end of the second shell 2131 has a second opening, the thermosensitive material body 2132 is installed in the second shell 2131, the thermosensitive material body 2132 wraps the temperature measuring grating 2133, the sealing plug 2134 blocks the second opening, one end of the second optical fiber 2135 extends into the second shell 2131 through the sealing plug 2134 and is connected to the thermosensitive material body 2132, the other end of the second optical fiber 2135 is used to connect with the light source 41, and the second protective cover 2136 is sleeved outside the second optical fiber 2135.

[0062] The other end of the second optical fiber 2135 is connected to the light source 41 through a second optical cable.

[0063] When the temperature changes, the refractive index of the thermosensitive material body 2132 will change, causing the phase and frequency of the optical signal to change, thereby causing the central wavelength of the reflection spectrum of the temperature measurement grating 2133 to change. By measuring these changes, the temperature of the formation can be calculated according to the following formula.

[0064]

[0065] Where p is the elastic-optical coefficient, is the optical fiber thermo-optic coefficient, T is the temperature, λ is the wavelength, and α is the optical fiber thermal expansion coefficient.

[0066] According to some embodiments of the present application, optionally, the movable piston 32 is sealedly connected to the inlet and outlet of the water nozzle 31. Specifically, the movable piston 32 can be sealedly connected to the inlet and outlet of the water nozzle 31 through a sealing ring or a retaining ring.

[0067] According to some embodiments of the present application, optionally, the following steps are further included:

[0068] S1: Install the joint assembly 1 along the pipe string in layers according to the number of layers in the oil well;

[0069] S2: Start the moving motor, which controls the moving piston 32 to move leftward, opens the inlet and outlet of the water nozzle 31, and injects water into the oil well layer through the inner flow channel 132;

[0070] S3: When the water injection of the oil well is completed and data needs to be collected, the light source 41 is connected to the optical fiber pressure sensor 212 and the optical fiber temperature pressure sensor 213. The oil in the oil well flows into the inner flow channel 132 through the water nozzle 31. At this time, the optical fiber pressure sensor 212 measures the internal pressure of the pipe string, and the optical fiber temperature pressure sensor 213 measures the external pressure of the pipe string and the temperature of the oil well.

[0071] The oil wells are divided into layers according to the number of layers, and separate injection and separate production are adopted for the oil wells. In some embodiments, the oil wells can also adopt joint injection and joint production or separate injection and joint production. The optical fiber measurement component 4 is debugged by the system software to obtain the temperature and internal and external pressure of each layer under the oil well. Then, the flow data of each layer can be converted according to the internal and external pressure. And the temperature, pressure, flow and other data of each layer under the oil well can be monitored online in real time to control the environmental conditions of each layer.

[0072] It should be noted that, although the above embodiments have been described in this article, the patent protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereby. Therefore, based on the innovative concept of the present invention, changes and modifications made to the embodiments described herein, or equivalent structures or equivalent process changes made using the contents of the present invention specification and drawings, directly or indirectly applying the above technical solutions to other related technical fields, are all included in the patent protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A hierarchical data collection system using optical fiber temperature and pressure measurement technology, characterized in that: include: A joint assembly, the joint assembly comprising an upper joint, an outer casing and a lower joint, the upper joint being threadedly connected to one end of the outer casing, the other end of the outer casing being threadedly connected to the lower joint, the lower joint having a receiving cavity and an inner flow channel, the receiving cavity being located above the inner flow channel; A short-circuit assembly, the short-circuit assembly is installed in the accommodating cavity, the short-circuit assembly includes an optical fiber measuring short section, and the optical fiber measuring short section includes a circuit board, an optical fiber pressure sensor, and an optical fiber temperature and pressure sensor; The piston assembly includes a water nozzle, a movable piston, a movable motor and a movable screw. The water nozzle is installed in the accommodating chamber and is located above the short-circuit assembly. The movable piston is provided at the inlet and outlet of the water nozzle. The water nozzle is connected to the inner flow channel. The output end of the movable motor is connected to the movable screw. The movable piston is threadedly connected to the movable screw. The movable motor drives the movable piston to move in the horizontal direction.

2. The hierarchical data collection system using optical fiber temperature and pressure measurement technology according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The layered acquisition system using optical fiber temperature and pressure measurement technology also includes an optical fiber measurement component, which includes a light source, a first coupler and a wavelength demodulator. One end of the light source is respectively connected to the optical fiber pressure sensor and the optical fiber temperature and pressure sensor, the other end of the light source is connected to the first coupler, and the first coupler is connected to the wavelength demodulator.

3. The hierarchical data collection system using optical fiber temperature and pressure measurement technology according to claim 2 is characterized in that: The layered acquisition system using optical fiber temperature and pressure measurement technology also includes a computer, which is connected to the wavelength demodulator. The computer analyzes the electrical signal converted by the wavelength demodulator to obtain temperature information and pressure information of the formation.

4. The hierarchical data collection system using optical fiber temperature and pressure measurement technology according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The optical fiber measuring sub also includes a sensor seat, on which the optical fiber pressure sensor and the optical fiber temperature and pressure sensor are mounted.

5. The hierarchical data collection system using optical fiber temperature and pressure measurement technology according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The optical fiber pressure sensor comprises a first housing, a connection cover, a fixing bracket, a planar diaphragm, a temperature compensation grating, a pressure sensitive grating, a second coupler, a first optical fiber and a first protective cover; A first opening is provided at one end of the first shell, the connection cover is sealed and connected to the first shell through the first opening, the fixed bracket is connected to the connection cover through the planar diaphragm, a groove is provided in the fixed bracket, the temperature compensation grating is installed in the groove, and the pressure sensitive grating is installed on the fixed bracket, one end of the first optical fiber extends into the first shell, and is respectively connected to the temperature compensation grating and the pressure sensitive grating through the second coupler, the other end of the first optical fiber is used to be connected to the light source, and the first protective sleeve is arranged outside the first optical fiber.

6. The hierarchical data collection system using optical fiber temperature and pressure measurement technology according to claim 5 is characterized in that: The optical fiber pressure sensor further includes a retaining ring and a sealing ring, and the two sides of the connecting cover are sealed and connected to the first housing through the retaining ring and the sealing ring respectively.

7. The hierarchical data collection system using optical fiber temperature and pressure measurement technology according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The optical fiber temperature and pressure sensor comprises a second housing, a thermosensitive material body, a temperature measurement grating, a sealing plug, a second optical fiber and a second protective cover; The second shell has a second opening at one end, the thermosensitive material body is installed in the second shell, the thermosensitive material body wraps the temperature measuring grating, the sealing plug blocks the second opening, one end of the second optical fiber extends into the second shell through the sealing plug and is connected to the thermosensitive material body, the other end of the second optical fiber is used to connect to the light source, and the second protective sleeve is arranged outside the second optical fiber.

8. The hierarchical data collection system using optical fiber temperature and pressure measurement technology according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The movable piston is sealedly connected to the inlet and outlet of the water nozzle.

9. The method for using the layered data collection system using optical fiber temperature and pressure measurement technology as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S1: installing the joint assembly in layers along with the pipe string according to the number of layers in the oil well; S2: starting the moving motor, which controls the moving piston to move leftward, opens the inlet and outlet of the water nozzle, and injects water into the oil well through the inner flow channel; S3: When the water injection of the oil well is completed, the light source is connected to the optical fiber pressure sensor and the optical fiber temperature pressure sensor, and the oil in the oil well flows into the inner flow channel through the water nozzle. At this time, the optical fiber pressure sensor measures the internal pressure of the pipe string, and the optical fiber temperature pressure sensor measures the external pressure of the pipe string and the temperature of the oil well.

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