The invention discloses an equipment fault diagnosis method based on collaborative case-based reasoning and semantic model-based reasoning, which comprises the following steps of S1, collecting cases,and constructing a case library; S2, combining fuzzy logic and knowledge extracted by an FMEA analysis method, and constructing a fault diagnosis ontology model by a fuzzy ontology development methodology process; and S3, on the basis of knowledge obtained in the ontology model, generating a corresponding SWRL rule in combination with expert experience, and performing conflict detection on the generated SWRL rule to form a fault diagnosis rule base; S4, performing fault detection according to the constructed fault diagnosis ontology model, rule base and case base. According to the method, onthe basis of combination of CBR and RBR, knowledge extracted by fuzzy logic and an FMEA analysis method is fused into construction of the ontology model, so that the integrity of the ontology model isimproved, and definition of uncertain knowledge is more reasonable; meanwhile, diagnosis rules are constructed by utilizing shallow knowledge and deep knowledge, and the integrity and accuracy of a rule base are improved, so that the reasonability of a diagnosis framework is improved.