Three-section type subway air conditioner load testing method

Abstract

The invention relates to a three-section subway air conditioner load test method. The method comprises a first-stage daytime operation condition, a second-stage night shutdown condition when electric equipment in a public area is turned on, and a third-stage night shutdown condition when electric equipment in the public area is turned off. The method can be used for conveniently measuring: 1) the basic load formed by heat transfer of the enclosure structure in the public area of the subway station; 2) load of electric equipment in a public area; and 3) total load formed by fresh air at the entrance, personnel and train passenger-carrying operation. The method can be used for testing the load characteristics of each station and mining the energy-saving potential in each segmented load so as to guide the future design and operation and maintenance work.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of underground station environmental control, and in particular to a three-stage subway air-conditioning load testing method. Background Art

[0002] The air conditioning system of a subway station consumes a lot of energy. So far, most of the research on energy saving of subway air conditioning focuses on improving the energy efficiency of equipment and systems. In fact, the main reason for the high energy consumption of subway air conditioning is that the air conditioning design load is much greater than the actual load. The excessive design load leads to the selection of too large equipment, resulting in the phenomenon of "a big horse pulling a small cart", causing the operating conditions of the equipment to deviate from the high-efficiency operating area and low operating efficiency. Therefore, it is necessary to conduct more detailed tests on the actual load of the air conditioning system of the subway station.

[0003] The factors affecting the air conditioning load of subway stations are complex and cover a wide range of areas, including personnel load, load caused by electrical equipment in public areas, mechanical fresh air load, and load caused by the track area through the shield door. When measuring the load of subway stations, the load of subway stations is often obtained by monitoring the enthalpy difference and air volume before and after the condenser section during the operating period. The actual load obtained by the traditional load testing method includes all factors that affect the load of subway stations. It is impossible to determine which item or items deviate too much from the design value, resulting in the actual load of the subway station being much greater than the design load, through the traditional load testing method. In order to explore which specific loads are too large in practice, resulting in the overall load being much greater than the design load, a more detailed and innovative testing method is needed to test the load of subway stations in sections under different influencing factors. Summary of the invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a three-stage subway air conditioning load testing method to solve the above technical problems existing in the prior art.

[0005] To achieve the above purpose, the three-stage subway air conditioning load test method of the present invention adopts the following technical scheme: The three-stage subway air conditioning load test method divides the subway air conditioning operating conditions into three conditions:

[0006] The first section is the daytime operation condition. Based on the first section of the daytime operation condition, the total load of the subway station during normal operation during the test period can be obtained;

[0007] The second section of the nighttime shutdown condition when the electrical equipment in the public area is turned on, based on the second section of the nighttime shutdown condition when the electrical equipment in the public area is turned on, the sum of the basic load and the cooling load formed by the electrical equipment in the subway station can be obtained;

[0008] The third section is the nighttime outage condition when the public area electrical equipment is turned off. Based on the nighttime outage condition when the public area electrical equipment is turned off in the third section, the foundation load of the subway station caused by heat transfer from the enclosure structure can be obtained;

[0009] The public area load includes the basic load formed by the heat transfer of the station's enclosure structure, the load formed by the public area electrical equipment, and the total load formed by the subway's passenger operation, personnel, and fresh air at the entrance and exit passages;

[0010] Among them, the basic load of the station caused by heat transfer of the enclosing structure is obtained by the test of the third section of the night-time shutdown condition with the electrical equipment in the public area turned off; the load formed by the electrical equipment in the public area is obtained by deducting the test load of the second section of the night-time shutdown condition with the electrical equipment in the public area turned on from the test load of the third section of the night-time shutdown condition with the electrical equipment in the public area turned off; the total load formed by the subway passenger operation, personnel and fresh air in the entrance and exit passages is obtained by deducting the measured load of the first section of the daytime operation condition from the measured load of the second section of the night-time shutdown condition with the electrical equipment in the public area turned on.

[0011] The first section of daytime operating conditions refers to the normal operation of trains, open personnel entrances and exits, activities in public areas with passengers and station staff, normal operation of electrical equipment such as lighting, gates, escalators, etc. in the station, and the adjustment of the cold water supply and return temperature and cold water flow of the air-conditioning system to keep the air in the station hall and platform stable within the temperature and humidity range permitted by the regulations; the cooling load of the first section of daytime operating conditions is obtained by measuring the cooling capacity of the combined air-conditioning units in the public areas.

[0012] The second section of the night-time shutdown condition with electrical equipment in public areas turned on means that there are no trains or passengers entering or exiting the station and the entrance and exit passages are closed, while other operating conditions are the same as normal daytime operations. The air-conditioning system and electrical equipment in public areas are turned on in the station; the cold water supply and return water temperature and cold water flow of the air-conditioning system are adjusted to maintain the temperature and humidity of the station hall and platform consistent with that during the day; the cooling load of the second section of the night-time shutdown condition with electrical equipment in public areas turned on is obtained by measuring the cooling capacity of the combined air-conditioning units in the public areas.

[0013] The third section of the nighttime shutdown condition in which electrical equipment in public areas is shut down means that except for the air-conditioning system in the station, all other systems and electrical equipment are shut down; the cold water supply and return water temperature and cold water flow rate are adjusted to maintain the temperature and humidity of the station hall and platform consistent with that during the day; the cooling load of the third section of the nighttime shutdown condition in which electrical equipment in public areas is shut down is obtained by measuring the cooling capacity of the combined air-conditioning units in the public areas.

[0014] The cooling capacity of the air conditioning system is tested by measuring the air volume of the condenser and the enthalpy difference before and after the condenser.

[0015] The measurement point of air volume is selected at the place where the wind speed is uniform after the surface cooler section.

[0016] The air volume is obtained by multiplying the average wind speed by the cross-sectional area after the surface cooler section. For fans running at fixed frequency, the wind speed of each measuring point can be tested one by one. For fans running at variable frequency, the wind speed of each measuring point must be measured simultaneously.

[0017] The enthalpy difference is obtained by arranging temperature and humidity measuring instruments before and after the surface cooler, and the average value is obtained by simultaneous measurement at multiple points.

[0018] Beneficial effects of the present invention: The present invention can well display the load characteristics of each part of the public area of ​​the subway station in sections, and has strong applicability and is applicable to all subway stations. It has obvious advantages in studying the fresh air load at the entrance and exit of the subway station, the load caused by passenger flow and train passenger operation, the load caused by electrical equipment in the station, and the basic load, which is conducive to exploring the energy-saving potential in each section load to guide future design and operation and maintenance work. For example, the design calculation method can be optimized according to the load test results; it can also provide a basis for optimizing the design and selection of equipment and promoting the use of modular units, so as to improve the existing low operating efficiency of underground stations due to serious equipment capacity redundancy. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0019] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the three-stage subway air conditioning load testing method of the present invention;

[0020] Figure 2 Layout diagram of temperature and humidity measurement points in public areas;

[0021] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the arrangement of wind speed measurement points;

[0022] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the arrangement of temperature and humidity measurement points before and after the surface cooler section. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0023] The three-stage subway air conditioning load test method of the present invention includes three working conditions: a first stage daytime operation condition, a second stage nighttime shutdown condition with public area electrical equipment turned on, and a third stage nighttime shutdown condition with public area electrical equipment turned off.

[0024] The first section of daytime operation conditions, according to which the total load of the subway station in normal operation during the test period can be obtained. The first section of daytime operation conditions means that the trains are running normally, the personnel entrances and exits are open, there are passengers and station staff in the public area, the lighting, gates, escalators and other electrical equipment in the station are turned on normally, and the cold water supply and return water temperature and cold water flow of the air conditioning system are adjusted to make the station hall and platform air stable within the temperature and humidity range allowed by the regulations; the cooling load of the first section of daytime operation conditions is obtained by measuring the cooling capacity of the combined air conditioning units in the public area.

[0025] The second section of the nighttime shutdown condition with the electrical equipment in the public area turned on. According to the second section of the nighttime shutdown condition with the electrical equipment in the public area turned on, the sum of the basic load and the cooling load formed by the electrical equipment in the subway station can be obtained. The second section of the nighttime shutdown condition with the electrical equipment in the public area turned on means that there are no trains or passengers entering or leaving the station and the entrance and exit passages are closed. Other conditions are consistent with normal daytime operation. The air conditioning system and the electrical equipment in the public area are turned on in the station. Adjust the cold water supply and return water temperature and cold water flow of the air conditioning system to maintain the temperature and humidity of the station hall and platform consistent with that during the day; the cooling load of the second section of the nighttime shutdown condition with the electrical equipment in the public area turned on is obtained by measuring the cooling capacity of the combined air-conditioning units in the public area.

[0026] The third section is the nighttime shutdown condition when the electrical equipment in the public area is turned off. Based on the third section, the basic load of the subway station caused by heat transfer from the enclosure structure can be obtained. The third section is the nighttime shutdown condition when the electrical equipment in the public area is turned off. Except for the air conditioning system, all other systems and electrical equipment in the station are turned off. The cold water supply and return water temperature and cold water flow are adjusted to maintain the temperature and humidity of the station hall and platform consistent with that during the day. The cooling load of the third section is obtained by measuring the cooling capacity of the combined air-conditioning units in the public area.

[0027] In the present invention, the public area load includes the basic load formed by the heat transfer of the enclosure structure of the station, the load formed by the public area electrical equipment and the total load formed by the subway passenger operation, personnel and fresh air in the entrance and exit passages. Among them, the basic load caused by the heat transfer of the enclosure structure of the station is obtained by the third section of the night-time shutdown test with the public area electrical equipment turned off. The load formed by the public area electrical equipment is obtained by subtracting the third section of the night-time shutdown test load with the public area electrical equipment turned off from the second section of the night-time shutdown test load. The total load formed by the subway passenger operation, personnel and fresh air in the entrance and exit passages is obtained by subtracting the second section of the night-time shutdown test load with the public area electrical equipment turned on from the first section of the daytime operation condition.

[0028] In order to make the purpose, technical scheme and advantages of the present invention more clear, the following is combined with the actual test process and the attached Figure 1 , Attachment Figure 2 , Attachment Figure 3 and attached Figure 4 The present invention is further described in detail. According to the above test method, the actual test content includes the test of the air temperature and humidity in the public area of ​​the station and the cooling capacity of the air conditioning system under three test conditions.

[0029] The measurement points for air temperature and humidity testing in public areas (including station halls and platforms) are as shown in the attached figure. Figure 2As shown. The arrangement height is the personnel activity area. Considering the need for long-term recording and to ensure that the test process is not interfered by human factors, the measurement points are arranged on the surface of the columns of the station hall and the platform 2m above the ground. The cooling capacity of the air conditioning system is tested by measuring the air volume of the surface cooler and the enthalpy difference before and after the surface cooler. The measurement point of the air volume is selected at the uniform wind speed after the surface cooler section, such as Figure 3 As shown, the nine-square grid method is used to test at the center of each grid. The test time for each measuring point is 2 minutes, the test interval is 2 seconds, and the average value is taken at the end. The air volume is obtained by multiplying the average wind speed by the cross-sectional area after the surface cooler section. For fans running at fixed frequency, the wind speed of each measuring point can be tested one by one. For fans running at variable frequency, the wind speed of each measuring point must be measured at the same time.

[0030] The enthalpy difference is measured by arranging temperature and humidity measuring instruments before and after the cooler, and the average value is obtained by measuring multiple points simultaneously. The temperature and humidity before the cooler section do not change much, so only one measuring point is needed. The temperature and humidity after the cooler section are relatively uneven, so more measuring points need to be arranged. In practice, 4 measuring points are arranged and fixed on the corresponding cross-section by wire. The temperature and humidity measuring points are arranged as follows: Figure 4 shown.

[0031] The first daytime operation condition is tested when the train is running normally, the personnel entrance and exit are open, there are passengers and station staff in the public area, and the lighting, gates, escalators and other electrical equipment in the station are turned on normally. The cold water supply and return water temperature and cold water flow of the air conditioning system are adjusted to keep the air in the station hall and platform stable within the temperature and humidity range allowed by the regulations. The cooling load under the first daytime operation condition is tested using the method described in 1.

[0032] The second section of the test of the nighttime shutdown condition with the electrical equipment in the public area turned on is carried out during the nighttime shutdown. At this time, there are no trains or passengers entering or leaving the station and the entrance and exit passages are closed. The air conditioning system and all electrical equipment in the public area, such as lighting, escalators, gates, etc., are turned on in the station. The cold water supply and return water temperature and cold water flow of the air conditioning system are adjusted to maintain the temperature and humidity of the station hall and platform consistent with that during the day. After the temperature and humidity in the public area of ​​the station are stable, the cooling load under the nighttime shutdown condition with the electrical equipment in the public area turned on in the second section is measured using the same method as the first section test.

[0033] The third section of the test of the nighttime shutdown condition with the electrical equipment in the public area turned off is carried out during the nighttime shutdown. At this time, there are no trains or passengers entering or leaving the station, and the entrance and exit passages are closed. All electrical equipment in the public area is turned off, and only the air conditioning system in the public area is turned on. The cold water supply and return water temperature and cold water flow of the air conditioning system are adjusted to maintain the temperature and humidity of the station hall and platform consistent with that during the day. After the temperature and humidity in the public area of ​​the station are stable, the cooling load of the third section of the nighttime shutdown condition with the electrical equipment in the public area turned off is measured using the same method as the first section test.

[0034] After the three-stage test is completed, the basic load of the station caused by heat transfer of the enclosure structure, the load formed by the electrical equipment in the public area, and the total load formed by the subway passenger operation, personnel, and fresh air in the entrance and exit passages can be obtained respectively. Among them, the basic load of the station caused by heat transfer of the enclosure structure is obtained by the night-time shutdown test of the third stage with the public area electrical equipment turned off; the load formed by the public area electrical equipment is obtained by subtracting the night-time shutdown test load of the third stage with the public area electrical equipment turned off from the second stage; the total load formed by the subway passenger operation, personnel, and entrance and exit passages is obtained by subtracting the measured load of the first stage daytime operation condition from the measured load of the second stage with the public area electrical equipment turned on at night. The three-stage test method can well test the load characteristics of each part of the public area of ​​the subway station in sections, which is conducive to developing its energy-saving potential and guiding design and operation and maintenance work.

Claims

1. Three-stage subway air conditioning load test method, characterized by: The subway air conditioning operating conditions are divided into three conditions: The first section is the daytime operation condition. Based on the first section of the daytime operation condition, the total load of the subway station during normal operation during the test period can be obtained; The second section of the nighttime shutdown condition of the public area electrical equipment turned on, according to the second section of the nighttime shutdown condition of the public area electrical equipment turned on, the sum of the basic load and the cooling load formed by the electrical equipment in the subway station can be obtained; The third section is the nighttime outage condition when the public area electrical equipment is turned off. Based on the nighttime outage condition when the public area electrical equipment is turned off in the third section, the foundation load of the subway station caused by heat transfer from the enclosure structure can be obtained; The public area load includes the basic load formed by the heat transfer of the station's enclosure structure, the load formed by the public area electrical equipment, and the total load formed by the subway's passenger operation, personnel, and fresh air at the entrance and exit passages; Among them, the basic load of the station caused by heat transfer of the enclosing structure is obtained by the test of the third section of the night-time shutdown condition with the electrical equipment in the public area turned off; the load formed by the electrical equipment in the public area is obtained by deducting the test load of the second section of the night-time shutdown condition with the electrical equipment in the public area turned on from the test load of the third section of the night-time shutdown condition with the electrical equipment in the public area turned off; the total load formed by the subway passenger operation, personnel and fresh air in the entrance and exit passages is obtained by deducting the measured load of the first section of the daytime operation condition from the measured load of the second section of the night-time shutdown condition with the electrical equipment in the public area turned on.

2. The three-stage subway air conditioning load testing method according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The first section of daytime operating conditions refers to the normal operation of trains, open personnel entrances and exits, activities in public areas with passengers and station staff, normal operation of electrical equipment such as lighting, gates, escalators, etc. in the station, and the adjustment of the cold water supply and return temperature and cold water flow of the air-conditioning system to keep the air in the station hall and platform stable within the temperature and humidity range permitted by the regulations; the cooling load of the first section of daytime operating conditions is obtained by measuring the cooling capacity of the combined air-conditioning units in the public areas.

3. The three-stage subway air conditioning load testing method according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The second paragraph of the nighttime shutdown condition for turning on the electrical equipment in the public area means that there are no trains or passengers entering or leaving the station and the entrance and exit passages are closed. Other conditions are the same as those during normal daytime operation. The air conditioning system and electrical equipment in the public area are turned on in the station; the cold water supply and return water temperature and cold water flow of the air conditioning system are adjusted to maintain the temperature and humidity of the station hall and platform consistent with that during the day; By measuring the cooling capacity of the combined air-conditioning units in the public area, the cooling load of the second section of the nighttime shutdown condition when the electrical equipment in the public area is turned on is obtained.

4. The three-stage subway air conditioning load testing method according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The nighttime shutdown condition of shutting down electrical equipment in public areas in the third paragraph means that except for the air conditioning system, all other systems and electrical equipment in the station are shut down; the supply and return water temperature and the flow rate of cold water are adjusted to maintain the temperature and humidity of the station hall and platform consistent with that during the day; By measuring the cooling capacity of the combined air-conditioning units in the public area, the cooling load of the third section of the nighttime shutdown condition when the electrical equipment in the public area is turned off is obtained.

5. The three-stage subway air conditioning load testing method according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The cooling capacity of the air conditioning system is tested by measuring the air volume of the condenser and the enthalpy difference before and after the condenser.

6. The three-stage subway air conditioning load test method according to claim 5 is characterized in that: The measurement point of air volume is selected at the place where the wind speed is uniform after the surface cooler section.

7. The three-stage subway air conditioning load test method according to claim 6 is characterized in that: The air volume is obtained by multiplying the average wind speed by the cross-sectional area after the surface cooler section. For fans running at fixed frequency, the wind speed of each measuring point can be tested one by one. For fans running at variable frequency, the wind speed of each measuring point must be measured simultaneously.

8. The three-stage subway air conditioning load test method according to claim 5 is characterized in that: The enthalpy difference is obtained by arranging temperature and humidity measuring instruments before and after the surface cooler, and the average value is obtained by simultaneous measurement at multiple points.

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