Drilling and geophysical prospecting combined soil-rock proportion fine division method

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of geotechnical engineering construction, in particular to a drilling and geophysical prospecting combined soil-rock proportion fine division method. The method comprises the following steps: measuring elevation information of the earth surface by adopting an RTK or unmanned aerial vehicle mode, processing a survey line geophysical prospecting map in an earth surface set data file, selecting a plurality of places with obvious boundaries according to the survey line geophysical prospecting map to carry out on-site core drilling verification, extracting part of core samples to carry out component analysis and saturated uniaxial compressive strength or point load test, and carrying out core drilling verification. Meanwhile, correcting an object detection line graph according to the actual layering condition on site, selecting a virtual drill hole by adopting the corrected object detection line graph, generating a three-dimensional model, cutting the generated three-dimensional model according to an excavation contour graph of a design file, screening the cut three-dimensional model, and obtaining the three-dimensional model. The three-dimensional geological visualization model of the rock or the soil layer can be established, and the refined proportion of the rock and the soil layer can be calculated synchronously, so that the method has more reference for construction and also has reference for construction cost control.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the fields of three-dimensional modeling system and geotechnical engineering construction technology, and in particular to a method for finely dividing soil-rock ratio by combining drilling and geophysical exploration. Background Art

[0002] Slope and roadbed construction is an important part of civil engineering, involving complex technical and management processes. Before construction, geological and hydrological surveys are required to determine the basic data required for the project. During the design and scheme formulation stage, the shape, size and stability requirements of the slope are determined based on the survey results. Site preparation includes clearing weeds, stones, etc., and calibration and measurement to ensure the cleanliness of the construction area and the accuracy of the data. The slope reinforcement and protection stage involves earth excavation, slope protection, drainage system installation and slope reinforcement to ensure the stability and protection of the slope. Roadbed construction follows the "three-stage, four-section, eight-process" method, including construction preparation, base treatment, layered filling, paving and leveling, watering and drying, mechanical rolling, inspection and certification, and roadbed renovation. These steps together ensure the stability and safety of the slope and roadbed, laying a solid foundation for subsequent engineering construction.

[0003] Before the construction of slopes and roadbeds, labor bidding mainly relies on the soil-rock ratio given by the preliminary design survey. Due to the nature of the preliminary survey work, the soil-rock ratio is estimated based on a small number of drillings combined with personnel experience, resulting in a serious discrepancy between the designed soil-rock ratio and the actual soil-rock ratio on site, causing the cost of engineering earthwork excavation to be inflated. At present, the exploration of earthwork ratio is mainly based on exploration drilling calculations, geophysical exploration is rarely used, and geophysical exploration methods are limited by the single type of technology, so they are of little reference value before excavation. When defining the soil-rock ratio, the boundaries of soil-rock indicators are vague, there is no effective indicator to measure the classification of soil and rock, and the classification of medium and strong weathered rocks is less intuitive. Summary of the invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to address the problem that the soil-rock ratio is difficult to accurately determine during geotechnical engineering construction in the prior art, and the results of prior art geophysical exploration, drilling and surface surveys are not highly consistent with actual geological information, which reduces the accuracy of soil-rock ratio determination, inaccurate earth-rock ratio determination during construction, and conservative soil-rock ratio determination, thereby increasing construction costs. A method for finely dividing the soil-rock ratio by combining drilling and geophysical exploration is provided, which can increase the accuracy of soil-rock ratio division, determine the boundary index between soil and rock through mechanical tests and component analysis tests, use effective indicators to classify soil and rock, and use three-dimensional geological modeling to visualize the distribution of soil and rock, so as to understand the positional relationship between soil and rock relative to the construction area in advance, and provide a basis for the deployment of construction machinery and equipment and the reduction of engineering costs.

[0005] In order to achieve the above object, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is:

[0006] A method for finely dividing soil-rock ratio by combining drilling and geophysical exploration comprises the following steps:

[0007] S1: Use RTK or drone to measure the elevation information on the surface of the land to be measured, which will serve as the data source for subsequent 3D geological modeling to restore the actual surface conditions;

[0008] S2: Use the quick micro-motion method, micro-motion spectrum ratio method, high-density electrical method, surface wave method, and magnetotelluric method to collect data files, and preliminarily process the geophysical exploration map of the survey line. The density of the geophysical exploration line is adjusted according to the required accuracy;

[0009] S3: Select several places with obvious boundaries for on-site core drilling verification based on the initially processed geophysical exploration map of the survey line, and extract some core samples for component analysis and saturated uniaxial compressive strength or point load test;

[0010] S4: According to the actual layering of the on-site drill core in step S3, the geophysical line map in step S2 is corrected. After the correction is completed, layering information is selected every 5 to 10 meters on each corrected geophysical line map to form virtual drilling information;

[0011] S5: Use EVS 3D geological modeling software, CAD, virtual drilling, and actual drilling 3D data to generate a 3D geological model. Cut the generated 3D geological model according to the excavation contour line map of the design document, and screen the cut 3D model to establish a 3D geological visualization model of rock or soil layer. Simultaneously, the refined ratio of rock and soil layer can also be calculated.

[0012] In the technical scheme of the present invention, the elevation information of the surface is measured by adopting RTK or unmanned aerial vehicle mode, and the geophysical exploration methods such as quick micro-motion method, micro-motion spectrum ratio method, high-density electrical method and surface wave method are used on the surface to collect data files, and the geophysical exploration map of the survey line is processed. According to the geophysical exploration map of the survey line, several places with obvious boundaries are selected for on-site core drilling verification, and the core sampling part is subjected to component analysis and saturated uniaxial compressive strength or point load test. At the same time, the geophysical exploration map is corrected according to the actual stratification situation on site, and the corrected geophysical exploration map is used to select virtual drilling holes every 5 to 10 meters on the survey line. The three-dimensional data of EVS three-dimensional geological modeling software, CAD, virtual drilling and actual drilling are used to generate a three-dimensional model, and the generated three-dimensional model is cut according to the excavation contour line map of the design file. The cut three-dimensional model is screened, and a three-dimensional geological visualization model of rock or soil layer can be established, and the refined ratio of rock and soil layer can also be calculated simultaneously, which is more reference for construction and also for construction cost control.

[0013] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, in step S1, the elevation information is obtained according to the following method: geophysical detection lines are arranged according to the actual situation on site, and coordinate data is collected every 5 to 10 meters on the geophysical detection lines using RTK. When the distance between geophysical detection lines is large, the RTK coordinate data collection needs to be encrypted, and the collected coordinate data includes plane coordinates XY and elevation values; if the elevation information is obtained by drone, the drone laser radar technology needs to be used to measure the plane coordinates XY and elevation values; the acquired coordinate data is used as the data source for restoring the actual surface conditions during three-dimensional geological modeling.

[0014] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, in step S2, the geophysical data collection and preliminary processing of the geophysical detection line map are carried out in the following manner: taking the excavation contour line of the design document as a reference, laying out geophysical detection lines that meet the accuracy requirements of the owner (the denser the detection lines, the higher the accuracy), selecting appropriate geophysical methods according to the geological and environmental conditions on site, the geophysical methods mainly include micro-motion method, micro-motion spectrum ratio method, high-density electrical method, surface wave method, and magnetotelluric method, and performing geophysical data processing according to the selected geophysical method and geophysical detection line to generate a preliminary geophysical detection line profile map.

[0015] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, in step S3, based on the generated preliminary geophysical line profile and the required test accuracy, the locations with obvious stratification in the geophysical line profile are selected for core drilling verification. The number of core drilling verifications is adjusted according to the accuracy requirements and the length of the survey line. The composition and classification of the drilled core samples are preliminarily determined on site, and representative core samples are selected and taken back to the laboratory for rock composition analysis and mechanical property tests. The mechanical property test indicators are mainly saturated uniaxial compressive strength and point load strength.

[0016] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, in step S4, the stratification conditions verified by actual on-site core drilling are used to correct the survey line geophysical map in step S2, and the core stratification conditions, composition analysis conditions, and mechanical properties conditions of step S3 are used as the basis for correcting the survey line geophysical map of step S2, and a comprehensive analysis is performed to correct and form a geophysical line profile; the soil-rock stratification interface is divided on the corrected geophysical line profile to form a soil-rock stratification boundary, and one point is selected every 5 to 10 meters to form virtual drilling information, and the point coordinates of the virtual drilling hole are collected on-site using RTK or drone data, and the stratification information of the virtual drilling hole collected on-site using RTK or drone data and the corresponding elevation are determined using the soil-rock stratification boundary on the geophysical line profile, and multiple virtual drilling information are formed.

[0017] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, in step S5, the EVS three-dimensional geological modeling software is used, and the three-dimensional data of virtual drilling and actual drilling are used as the soil and rock stratification data source, and the surface elevation data collected on-site by RTK or drone is used as the surface information data source to generate a three-dimensional geological model. After the three-dimensional geological model is generated, according to the design file, the excavation contour line map is drawn on the CAD, and the CAD file with the excavation contour line map is imported into the EVS software, and the generated three-dimensional geological model is cut, and the cut three-dimensional geological model is screened, and a three-dimensional distribution visualization model of rock or soil layer can be established, and the volume of rock or soil layer can also be screened out at the same time, and the refined ratio of rock and soil layer can be calculated.

[0018] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, in step S5, the establishment of the three-dimensional geological model requires checking the direction of the center line of the target body in the design drawing; the geometric center of the lower end of the three-dimensional data body is used as the origin of the three-dimensional coordinate system, and CAD is used to draw the designed excavation contour line diagram on the coordinate system (the origin of the coordinate system of the geometric center of the lower end of the designed excavation contour line); then CAD can be used to draw the mileage pile number; the above measures can ensure that the position of the abnormal area is accurately located on the three-dimensional distribution visualization model.

[0019] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, in step S5, the refined ratio of the rock and soil layer is mainly determined by comparing the geophysical parameter values ​​with the geophysical parameter values ​​at the core, and the surrounding rock level is defined in combination with the composition analysis and mechanical properties of the core rock to form a refined ratio analysis of the rock and soil layer.

[0020] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, in step S5, the refined ratio technology of rock and soil layer is used to divide the surrounding rock grade according to the composition analysis and mechanical properties of the core rock. The geotechnical engineering classification needs to be divided according to industry standards such as "Specifications for Geological Survey for Highway Engineering", "Specifications for Geological Survey for Highway Engineering", and "Specifications for Geotechnical Engineering Survey for Urban Rail Transit".

[0021] In summary, due to the adoption of the above technical solution, the beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0022] 1. In the technical solution of the present invention, by modeling data from geophysical exploration, drilling and other methods, the obtained three-dimensional geological model has high reliability and credibility, and the feedback information is more accurate.

[0023] 2. In the technical solution of the present invention, three-dimensional geological refined modeling technology is used to carry out refined modeling of soil and rock and visualization of soil and rock distribution, so that all participants can fully understand the distribution location of soil and rock distribution and the specific excavation volume.

[0024] 3. In the technical solution of the present application, a method for finely dividing the soil-rock ratio by combining drilling and geophysical exploration is simple and easy to implement. After applying this method, the labor cost of earth and rock excavation can be reduced, the project cost can be reduced, the distribution position of earth and rock can be visualized, and it can be ensured that all participating parties can fully understand the distribution position of earth and rock and the specific excavation volume. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0025] Figure 1 It is a system framework diagram of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0026] The present invention will be described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

[0027] In order to make the purpose, technical solution and advantages of the present invention more clearly understood, the present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present invention and are not used to limit the present invention.

[0028] Example 1

[0029] This embodiment specifically discloses a tunnel three-dimensional geological visualization comprehensive prediction technology combining drilling and geophysical exploration. Specifically, Figure 1 Understanding includes the following steps:

[0030] S1: Use RTK or drone to measure the elevation information on the surface of the land to be measured, which will serve as the data source for subsequent 3D geological modeling to restore the actual surface conditions;

[0031] Furthermore, geophysical exploration lines are arranged according to the actual situation on site, and RTK is used to collect coordinate data every 5 to 10 meters on the geophysical exploration lines. When the distance between geophysical exploration lines is large, the RTK coordinate data collection needs to be encrypted. The collected coordinate data includes plane coordinates XY and elevation values. If the elevation information is obtained by drone, the drone laser radar technology needs to be used to measure the plane coordinates XY and elevation values. The acquired coordinate data is used as the data source for restoring the actual surface conditions during three-dimensional geological modeling.

[0032] S2: Use quick micro-motion method, micro-motion spectrum ratio method, high-density electrical method, surface wave method, and magnetotelluric method to collect data files, and preliminarily process the geophysical exploration map of the survey line. The density of the geophysical exploration line is adjusted according to the required accuracy.

[0033] Furthermore, the geophysical data collection and preliminary processing of the geophysical detection line map are carried out in the following manner: taking the excavation contour line of the design document as a reference, laying out geophysical detection lines that meet the accuracy requirements of the owner (the denser the detection lines, the higher the accuracy), selecting appropriate geophysical methods based on the geological and environmental conditions of the site, the geophysical detection methods mainly include the micro-motion method, the micro-motion spectrum ratio method, the high-density electrical method, the surface wave method, and the magnetotelluric method; based on the selected geophysical method and geophysical detection line, geophysical data processing is performed to generate a preliminary geophysical detection line profile map.

[0034] S3: According to the preliminary processed geophysical map of the survey line, select several places with obvious boundaries for on-site core drilling verification, and extract some core samples for composition analysis and saturated uniaxial compressive strength or point load test. The so-called "places with obvious boundaries in the geophysical map" are places where the color filling map of the contour lines of geophysical parameters such as apparent velocity (micromotion method, surface wave method), spectral ratio (micromotion spectral ratio method), apparent resistivity (high-density electrical method, magnetotelluric method) changes significantly, and the positions with obvious color gradient are manually judged.

[0035] Furthermore, based on the generated preliminary geophysical line profile and the required test accuracy, the locations with more obvious stratification in the geophysical line profile were selected for core drilling verification. The number of core drilling verifications was adjusted according to the accuracy requirements and the length of the survey line. The composition and classification of the core samples were preliminarily determined on site, and representative core samples were selected and taken back to the laboratory for rock composition analysis and mechanical property tests. The mechanical property test indicators were mainly saturated uniaxial compressive strength and point load strength.

[0036] S4: The geophysical line map in step S2 is corrected according to the actual layering of the on-site drill core in step S3. After the correction is completed, layering information is selected every 5 to 10 meters on each corrected geophysical line map to form virtual drilling information.

[0037] Furthermore, the stratification conditions verified by actual on-site core drilling are used to correct the survey line geophysical map in step S2, and the core stratification conditions, composition analysis conditions, and mechanical properties conditions of step S3 are used as the basis for correcting the survey line geophysical map of step S2, and a comprehensive analysis is performed to correct and form a geophysical line profile map; the soil-rock stratification interface is divided on the corrected geophysical line profile map to form a soil-rock stratification boundary, and one point is selected every 5 to 10 meters to form virtual drilling information, and the point coordinates of the virtual drilling hole are collected on-site using RTK or UAV data, and the stratification information of the virtual drilling hole collected on-site using RTK or UAV data and the corresponding elevation are determined using the soil-rock stratification boundary on the geophysical line profile map, and multiple virtual drilling hole information are formed.

[0038] S5: Use EVS 3D geological modeling software, CAD, virtual drilling, and actual drilling 3D data to generate a 3D geological model. Cut the generated 3D geological model according to the excavation contour line map of the design document, and screen the cut 3D model to establish a 3D geological visualization model of rock or soil layer. Simultaneously, the refined ratio of rock and soil layer can also be calculated.

[0039] Furthermore, the EVS three-dimensional geological modeling software is used, and the three-dimensional data of the virtual drilling and the actual drilling are used as the soil and rock stratification data source (the plane coordinate XY and elevation data set at the stratification position), and the surface elevation data collected on-site by RTK or UAV is used as the surface information data source (the plane coordinate XY and elevation data set of the surface), to generate a three-dimensional geological model. After the three-dimensional geological model is generated, the excavation contour line map is drawn on the CAD according to the design file, and the CAD file with the excavation contour line map is imported into the EVS software, and the generated three-dimensional geological model is cut, and the cut three-dimensional geological model is screened, and a three-dimensional distribution visualization model of rock or soil layer can be established, and the volume of rock or soil layer can also be screened out at the same time, and the refined ratio of rock and soil layer can be calculated. The so-called screening object refers to the corresponding soil layer block or rock layer block in the block after the interface (soil layer, rock layer) boundary, excavation surface, ground surface and other interfaces in the three-dimensional model are cut. These "blocks" are irregular, and their volumes can be accurately calculated by the EVS software. Assume that the volume of the soil block is V1, the volume of the rock block is V2, the total volume is V1+V2, and the soil-rock ratio is V1:V2.

[0040] In the technical scheme of the present invention, the elevation information of the surface is measured by adopting RTK or unmanned aerial vehicle mode, and the geophysical exploration methods such as quick micro-motion method, micro-motion spectrum ratio method, high-density electrical method and surface wave method are used on the surface to collect data files, and the geophysical exploration map of the survey line is processed. According to the geophysical exploration map of the survey line, several places with obvious boundaries are selected for on-site core drilling verification, and the core sampling part is subjected to component analysis and saturated uniaxial compressive strength or point load test. At the same time, the geophysical exploration map is corrected according to the actual stratification situation on site, and the corrected geophysical exploration map is used to select virtual drilling holes every 5 to 10 meters on the survey line. The three-dimensional data of EVS three-dimensional geological modeling software, CAD, virtual drilling and actual drilling are used to generate a three-dimensional model, and the generated three-dimensional model is cut according to the excavation contour line map of the design file. The cut three-dimensional model is screened, and a three-dimensional geological visualization model of rock or soil layer can be established, and the refined ratio of rock and soil layer can also be calculated simultaneously, which is more reference for construction and also for construction cost control.

[0041] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for fine division of soil-rock ratio by combining drilling and geophysical exploration. Its characteristics include the following steps: S1: Use RTK or drone to measure the elevation information on the surface of the land to be measured, which will serve as the data source for subsequent 3D geological modeling to restore the actual surface conditions; S2: Use the quick micro-motion method, micro-motion spectrum ratio method, high-density electrical method, surface wave method, and magnetotelluric method to collect data files, and preliminarily process the geophysical exploration map of the survey line. The density of the geophysical exploration line is adjusted according to the required accuracy; S3: Select several places with obvious boundaries for on-site core drilling verification based on the initially processed geophysical exploration map of the survey line, and extract some core samples for component analysis and saturated uniaxial compressive strength or point load test; S4: According to the actual layering of the on-site drill core in step S3, the geophysical line map in step S2 is corrected. After the correction is completed, layering information is selected every 5 to 10 meters on each corrected geophysical line map to form virtual drilling information; S5: Use EVS 3D geological modeling software, CAD, virtual drilling, and actual drilling 3D data to generate a 3D geological model. Cut the generated 3D geological model according to the excavation contour line map of the design document, screen the cut 3D model, establish a 3D geological visualization model of the rock or soil layer, and simultaneously calculate the refined ratio of the rock and soil layers.

2. The method for finely dividing soil-rock ratio by combining drilling and geophysical exploration according to claim 1 is characterized in that: In step S1, the elevation information is obtained in the following manner: Arrange the geophysical detection line according to the actual situation on site, and use RTK to collect coordinate data every 5 to 10 meters on the geophysical detection line. When the distance between geophysical detection lines is greater than the set threshold, encrypt the RTK coordinate data collection. The collected coordinate data includes plane coordinates XY and elevation values; When using drones to obtain elevation information, drone lidar technology is used to measure the plane coordinates XY and elevation values; the acquired coordinate data is used as the data source for restoring the actual surface conditions during three-dimensional geological modeling.

3. The method for finely dividing soil-rock ratio by combining drilling and geophysical exploration according to claim 1 is characterized in that: In step S2, the geophysical data collection and preliminary processing of the geophysical line map are performed in the following manner: Using the excavation contours in the design documents as a reference, lay out geophysical detection lines that meet the accuracy requirements of the owner; Select geophysical exploration methods according to the geological and environmental conditions on site, including micro-seismic method, micro-seismic spectrum ratio method, high-density electrical method, surface wave method, and magnetotelluric method; According to the selected geophysical exploration method and geophysical exploration line, geophysical exploration data processing is carried out to generate a preliminary geophysical exploration line profile.

4. The method for finely dividing soil-rock ratio by combining drilling and geophysical exploration according to claim 1 is characterized in that: In step S3, based on the generated preliminary geophysical line profile and the required test accuracy, the locations with obvious stratification in the geophysical line profile are selected for core drilling verification. The number of core drilling verifications is adjusted according to the accuracy requirements and the length of the survey line. The composition and classification of the core samples are preliminarily determined on site, and representative core samples are selected and taken back to the laboratory for rock composition analysis and mechanical property tests. The mechanical property test indicators include saturated uniaxial compressive strength and point load strength.

5. The method for finely dividing soil-rock ratio by combining drilling and geophysical exploration according to claim 1 is characterized in that: In step S4, the stratification conditions verified by actual on-site core drilling are used to correct the survey line geophysical map in step S2, and the core stratification conditions, composition analysis conditions, and mechanical properties conditions of step S3 are used as the basis to correct the survey line geophysical map of step S2, and then the geophysical line profile is corrected to form a geophysical line profile; the soil-rock stratification interface is divided on the corrected geophysical line profile to form a soil-rock stratification boundary, and one point is selected every 5 to 10 meters to form virtual drilling information, and the point coordinates of the virtual drilling hole are collected on-site by RTK or UAV data, and the stratification information of the virtual drilling hole collected on-site by RTK or UAV data and the corresponding elevation are determined by the soil-rock stratification boundary on the geophysical line profile, and multiple virtual drilling information are formed.

6. The method for finely dividing soil-rock ratio by combining drilling and geophysical exploration according to claim 5 is characterized in that: The details of step S5 are as follows: EVS 3D geological modeling software is used to generate a 3D geological model using the 3D data of virtual and actual drilling as the data source for soil and rock stratification, and the surface elevation data collected on-site by RTK or drone as the data source for surface information. After the 3D geological model is generated, the excavation contour line diagram is drawn on the CAD according to the design file, and the CAD file with the excavation contour line diagram is imported into the EVS software, and the generated 3D geological model is cut; Screen the cut 3D geological models and build a 3D distribution visualization model of rocks or soil layers; Screen out the volume of rock or soil layer and calculate the detailed ratio of rock and soil layer.

7. The method for finely dividing soil-rock ratio by combining drilling and geophysical exploration according to claim 1 is characterized in that: In step S5, the establishment of the three-dimensional geological model needs to be based on the centerline direction of the target body in the design drawing, as follows: The geometric center of the lower end of the 3D data volume is used as the origin of the 3D coordinate system; Design the origin of the geometric center coordinate system of the lower end of the excavation contour line, and use CAD to draw the designed excavation contour line on this coordinate system; Use CAD to draw the mileage posts.

8. The method for finely dividing soil-rock ratio by combining drilling and geophysical exploration according to claim 1 is characterized in that: In step S5, the refined ratio of the rock and soil layer is compared with the geophysical parameter values ​​at the core, and the surrounding rock level is defined in combination with the composition analysis and mechanical properties of the core rock to form a refined ratio analysis of the rock and soil layer.

9. The method for finely dividing soil-rock ratio by combining drilling and geophysical exploration according to claim 8, characterized in that: In step S5, the refined ratio analysis of the rock and soil layer is used to classify the surrounding rock based on the composition analysis and mechanical properties of the core rock.

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