Efficient artificial cultivation method for gordon euryale seeds in marsh in northeast

Abstract

The invention discloses a high-efficiency artificial cultivation method for gordon euryale seeds in northeast marsh, and belongs to the technical field of production and cultivation of economic plants in marsh, the method comprises the following steps: 1, selecting and germinating wild seeds; 2, seedling raising and temporary planting; 3, field transplanting and field planting; 4, growth management and harvesting. According to the method, the maturing rate of the gordon euryale seeds can be remarkably increased only by adopting a scientific method during transplanting, keeping the plant spacing and reasonably regulating and controlling the water level after transplanting, operation is easy and convenient, and the seed yield per unit area is increased by 5%. The method can effectively solve the problems of low survival rate, uneven growth vigor and unstable yield of wild gordon euryale seeds in northeast marsh.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of production and cultivation of swamp economic plants, and more particularly to a method for highly efficient artificial cultivation of northeastern swamp Euryale ferox. Background Art

[0002] Euryaleferox Salisb.exK.D.Koenig&Sims, belonging to the genus Euryale of the family Nymphaeaceae, is an annual large aquatic herb. It is also called chicken head rice because its receptacle looks like a chicken head. It likes warm and humid conditions and is commonly found on riverbanks, lakesides and swamps. The primary leaves of Euryale ferox are submerged leaves, which are mostly arrow-shaped or elliptical kidney-shaped and thornless; the secondary leaves are floating leaves, which are leathery round or elliptical kidney-shaped, with rough leaf surfaces and thorns on both sides. The flowering period is from July to August, and the fruiting period is from August to September. Its seeds are rich in protein, vitamins and minerals, and have significant effects such as regulating kidney function, lowering blood sugar, and regulating blood lipids. It is an economic plant with both medicinal and edible value. In recent years, with the growth of market demand, the artificial planting area of ​​Euryale ferox has expanded year by year, and it has gradually become an important swamp economic plant. However, artificial cultivation is currently mainly concentrated in the area south of the Yangtze River, with southern water chestnut as the main variety. Although its yield is high, its adaptability is poor, which limits the promotion and utilization of water chestnut in other regions.

[0003] Northeast China is a place with widespread swamps and wild Euryale ferox seed sources, which have unique ecological conditions and resource advantages. Under the background of the swamp food concept and the rational and efficient use of swamp resources, the development of swamp economic plants has become an important way to promote the coordinated development of regional economy and ecological protection. As the dominant aquatic plant in Northeast China swamps, wild Euryale ferox has important development potential due to its strong stress resistance and high adaptability. Compared with southern Euryale ferox, the wild Euryale ferox in Northeast China has smaller plants and thorny organs, but its biological characteristics are more adapted to the local natural environment and is a highly potential economic plant germplasm resource. However, due to the lack of artificial management, the distribution of wild Euryale ferox in Northeast China swamps is scattered, and there are widespread problems such as late seed germination, slow seedling growth, low survival rate, and uneven growth, resulting in unstable yields and limiting the economic benefits. Therefore, how to effectively utilize swamp resources to form a set of efficient Euryale ferox breeding models suitable for the Northeast swamp environment is a problem that technicians in this field need to solve urgently. Summary of the invention

[0004] In view of this, the present invention innovates in two aspects: transplanting technology and hydrological management. It not only significantly improves the survival rate and yield of water chestnuts, but also promotes regional economic development, achieves a win-win situation of swamp ecosystem service functions and economic benefits, and provides important technical support and demonstration for the development and utilization of swamp plant resources in Northeast China.

[0005] To achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solution:

[0006] A high-efficiency artificial cultivation method for northeastern swamp Euryale ferox comprises the following steps:

[0007] Step 1: Seed selection and germination

[0008] Collect mature Euryale seeds from the previous year from natural Euryale ferox swamp wetlands, select plump, large-grained, undamaged seeds, soak and disinfect them, and place them in clean water at a constant temperature for germination until 80% or more of the seed buds are white;

[0009] Step 2: Seedling cultivation and transplanting

[0010] Lay a soil layer at the bottom of the transplanting bed in the greenhouse and apply base fertilizer. After leveling the land, fill it with water and let it stand for 2-3 days until the water is clear. Dig holes and sow seeds. Adjust the water level in time as the seedlings grow.

[0011] Step 3: Field transplanting and planting

[0012] When the seedling stage of Gorgon fruit is over and the outside temperature is stable at 14-16℃, transplant it. Dig out the Gorgon fruit seedlings with soil and keep the soil at the roots and transport them to the field for transplanting and planting. Control the water depth in the field. After planting, enter the seedling acclimatization period. During the seedling acclimatization period, timely adjust the water level and carry out seedling supplementation for the seedlings that have not survived.

[0013] Step 4: Growth management and harvesting

[0014] After the seedlings turn green, gradually add water to raise the water level, maintain the water level during the fruiting period, and regularly remove weeds around the water chestnut plants until they are mature and ready for harvest.

[0015] Preferably, in step one, a potassium permanganate solution with a mass concentration of 1% is used for immersion disinfection.

[0016] Preferably, in step 1, the constant temperature germination temperature is 15-25° C. and the time is 10-12 days.

[0017] Preferably, in step 2, the temperature in the greenhouse is 15-25°C, the soil layer thickness is 10-15cm, and the water injection depth is 4-5cm.

[0018] Preferably, in step 2, the spacing between the holes is 15×15 cm, one seed is planted in each hole, and the burial depth is 1-2 cm.

[0019] Preferably, in step 2, adjusting the water level as the seedlings grow is specifically as follows: when the diameter of the seedling leaves reaches 2-3 cm, the water level is raised to 7-10 cm; when the water chestnut grows 4-5 arrow-shaped leaves and the plant height reaches 10-15 cm, the water depth is adjusted to 20 cm.

[0020] Preferably, in step three, the planting spacing is 1×1 m, and the field water depth is controlled at 18-22 cm.

[0021] Preferably, during transplanting in step three, the roots are coiled into a loose ball and placed in the soil, and then the roots are pressed down with soil, and soil is piled up around them. The depth is determined by the heart leaves of the Euryale ferox leaves being exposed above the water surface, and then the leaves are straightened and floated on the water surface to complete the transplanting of the seedlings.

[0022] Preferably, during the water level raising process in step 4, the water level change in the field does not exceed 2 cm per week, and the water level is maintained at 75-80 cm during the fruiting period.

[0023] It can be seen from the above technical scheme that, compared with the prior art, the present invention discloses a method for efficiently artificially cultivating Northeastern swamp Euryale ferox, which has the following beneficial effects:

[0024] The invention proposes an optimized cultivation scheme based on the actual growth environment in the Northeast region and the biological characteristics of Gorgon fruit seeds. Mature seeds that have been subjected to vernalization treatment are collected under flooding conditions in a natural swamp environment, which can effectively break the dormancy of the seeds, thereby significantly improving the germination rate. The seedling raising work is carried out in a greenhouse, which overcomes the problems of short growth period and small fruit particle size caused by climate restrictions, and effectively avoids the influence of spring low temperature frost damage on the survival rate of seedlings. During transplanting, the external temperature, water level depth and seedling cutting depth are strictly controlled, which further improves the environmental adaptability of Gorgon fruit seedlings. The survival rate of field planting reached 91.3%; the artificial transplanting technology was used to accurately control the plant spacing, which solved the problem of uneven distribution and uncontrollable growth of wild water chestnuts; and combined with scientific hydrological management, it ensured that water chestnuts obtained the best water and nutrient supply during the growth process, thereby promoting their healthy growth and increasing the yield per unit area by 5%; the whole planting process was concise and clear, easy to operate, and highly practical, which not only significantly improved the survival rate and unit yield of water chestnuts, but also provided a feasible demonstration plan for the large-scale promotion of water chestnut planting in Northeast Swamp, with high economic and ecological benefits. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0025] The technical solution of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0026] Example 1

[0027] 1. Seed selection and germination:

[0028] In April, mature Euryale ferox seeds of the previous year are fished out from natural swamp water bodies, and plump, large-grained, and undamaged seeds are selected; they are immersed in a 1% potassium permanganate solution for disinfection; they are then placed in clean water and germinated in a greenhouse at a constant temperature of 15-25°C; after 10-12 days of cultivation, when most seeds (80% and above) have white buds, they can be sown.

[0029] 2. Greenhouse seedling cultivation and transplanting

[0030] In a greenhouse with a room temperature of 15-25℃, prepare a 40-50cm deep transplanting bed, lay a 10-15cm thick soil layer at the bottom, apply base fertilizer, level the land and then water it. The water depth is controlled at 4-5cm. After 2-3 days, the water in the transplanting bed becomes clear and you can start sowing. Dig holes at a spacing of 15×15cm, bury the seeds treated in step 1 shallowly in the soil layer of the transplanting bed, plant one seed in each hole, and the burial depth is 1-2cm. As the seedlings grow, the water level gradually increases, and the most suitable flooding state for the seedlings is always maintained. When the diameter of the seedling leaves reaches 2-3cm, the water level is raised to 7-10cm; when the water chestnut grows 4-5 arrow-shaped leaves and the plant height reaches 10-15cm, the water depth should be adjusted to 20cm;

[0031] Gorgon seedlings should be cultivated in the greenhouse in advance, and the seedling raising time should be 45-50 days earlier than field planting;

[0032] This step is based on 2-4kg / m 2 The standard is to mix the crushed plant stem substrate with the soil as base fertilizer;

[0033] In this step, the water level should be slowly adjusted using a pump, and the change in water depth per week during the seedling stage should not exceed 3 cm;

[0034] 3. Field Transplanting and Planting

[0035] When the seedling stage of Gorgon fruit is basically over and the outside temperature is stable at around 15℃, it can be transplanted. Dig the Gorgon fruit seedlings from the germination bed, dig out the soil attached to the roots, try to keep the soil at the roots, and transport them to the field; transplant and plant them at a spacing of not less than 1×1m, and control the water depth in the field at 18-22cm. When transplanting, coil the roots into a loose ball, place them in the soil, press the roots with soil, and add soil around them. The depth is based on the heart of the Gorgon fruit leaves exposed above the water surface. The seedling heart cannot be buried, and then straighten the leaves to float on the water surface to complete the seedling transplanting. After planting, the seedlings enter a 7-15 day seedling slow growth period. During this period, the water level is adjusted in time, and the seedlings that have not survived are treated as seedlings.

[0036] The field is built 2-3 months before transplanting and planting, and is located near natural rivers and swamps for easy irrigation and drainage of paddy fields. A plot of 15-30 mu is selected, and a 90-110 cm deep dig is made, and the ridges are raised and widened to a height of 15-20 cm and a width of 25-40 cm. Weeds are removed by plowing, and then the fields are flooded to effectively inhibit the regrowth of weeds.

[0037] When digging seedlings from the germination bed, gently hold the leaves of the water chestnut, keep one hand steady, and use the other hand to dig vertically with the water chestnut seedling as the center. The digging range should be a radius of 3-4cm. When transplanting, control the depth of the seedling cuttings, and the center of the seedling should be 1-3cm above the water surface.

[0038] 4. Growth management and harvesting

[0039] After the seedlings turn green, gradually add water to raise the water level. The water level change in the field should not exceed 2cm per week, and the water level should be maintained at 75-80cm during the fruiting period. Regularly remove weeds around the water chestnut plants to ensure healthy growth of the plants until they are mature and harvested.

[0040] The signs of the ripeness of water chestnuts are that some of the leaves rot on their own, the outer seed coat of the fruit is pink purple to dark purple, and some seeds fall off on their own and float on the water surface; after harvesting, retaining the stems and leaves of the water chestnuts to allow them to decompose naturally will increase the organic matter content in the soil, promote the recovery and improvement of soil fertility, and reduce the use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides.

[0041] Example 2

[0042] In step 1, 1% potassium permanganate solution was used for immersion for 20 minutes for disinfection, and the rest was the same as in Example 1.

[0043] Example 3

[0044] In step 2, a transplanting bed with a depth of 45 cm is built, and a 12 cm thick soil layer is laid at the bottom thereof. The rest is the same as in Example 1 or 2.

[0045] Example 4

[0046] In step 2, press 3kg / m 2 The crushed plant stem substrate was added to the soil according to the standard, and the rest was the same as in Example 1, 2 or 3.

[0047] Example 5

[0048] In step 2, press 4kg / m 2 The crushed plant stem substrate was added to the soil according to the standard, and the rest was the same as in Example 1, 2 or 3.

[0049] Example 6

[0050] In step 2, the water level change during the seedling stage is controlled to be 2 cm per week, and the rest is the same as in Example 1 or 2 or 3 or 4 or 5.

[0051] Example 7

[0052] In step 2, the water level change during the seedling stage is controlled to be 3 cm per week, and the rest is the same as in Example 1 or 2 or 3 or 4 or 5.

[0053] Example 8

[0054] The depth of tilling the soil during field preparation and weeding in step 3 should be 20 cm, and the rest is the same as any one of embodiments 1-7.

[0055] Example 9

[0056] In step 3, 20 mu of field with a soil depth of 100 cm is dug downward, and the ridge is raised by 15 cm and widened by 35 cm. The rest is the same as any one of Examples 1-8.

[0057] Example 10

[0058] In step 3, after the seedlings are transplanted into the field, the center of the seedling is 2 cm above the water surface, and the rest is the same as any one of Examples 1-9.

[0059] Embodiment 11

[0060] In step 3, after the seedlings are transplanted into the field, the center of the seedling is 3 cm above the water surface, and the rest is the same as any one of Examples 1-9.

[0061] Test Example 1

[0062] This experiment was carried out on April 8, 2024 in a saline-alkali marsh in Da'an City, western Jilin Province. The test site was located in an idle field adjacent to a large natural swamp. The soil sodium bicarbonate content in this area was 19 mmol / L, which has typical saline-alkali soil characteristics and is suitable as a representative area for experimental research.

[0063] This test is carried out according to the following steps:

[0064] 1. Seed selection and germination:

[0065] On April 8, 2024, mature Euryale ferox seeds from the previous year were collected from natural swamp water bodies, and plump, large-grained, and undamaged seeds were selected; they were placed in a 1% potassium permanganate solution for 20 minutes for disinfection; then placed in clean water and germinated in a greenhouse at a constant temperature of 15-25°C; after 10-12 days of cultivation, when most of the seed buds are white, they can be sown;

[0066] 2. Greenhouse seedling cultivation and transplanting

[0067] In a greenhouse with a room temperature of 15-25℃, prepare a 45cm deep transplanting bed, lay a 12cm thick soil layer at the bottom, apply base fertilizer, level the land and then water it. The water depth is controlled at 4-5cm. After 2-3 days, the water in the transplanting bed is clear and sowing can be carried out. Dig holes at a spacing of 15×15cm, and bury the seeds treated in step 1 shallowly in the soil layer of the transplanting bed. Plant one seed in each hole with a burial depth of 1-2cm. As the seedlings grow, the water level gradually increases, and the most suitable flooding state for the seedlings is always maintained. When the diameter of the seedling leaves reaches 2-3cm, the water level is raised to 7-10cm; when the water chestnut grows 4-5 arrow-shaped leaves and the plant height reaches 10-15cm, the water depth should be adjusted to 20cm.

[0068] According to 3kg / m 2 The plant stems are crushed into a substrate and mixed with the soil as a base fertilizer according to the standard; the water level should be slowly adjusted using a pump, and the water depth should change by 2 cm per week during the seedling stage;

[0069] 3. Field Transplanting and Planting

[0070] When the seedling stage of Gorgon fruit is basically over and the outside temperature is stable at around 15℃, it can be transplanted. Dig the Gorgon fruit seedlings from the germination bed, dig out the soil attached to the roots, try to keep the soil at the roots, and transport them to the field; transplant and plant them at a spacing of not less than 1×1m, and control the water depth in the field at 18-22cm. When transplanting, coil the roots into a loose ball, place them in the soil, press the roots with soil, and add soil around them. The depth is based on the heart of the Gorgon fruit leaves exposed above the water surface. The seedling heart cannot be buried, and then straighten the leaves to float on the water surface to complete the seedling transplanting. After planting, the seedlings enter a 7-15 day seedling slow growth period. During this period, the water level is adjusted in time, and the seedlings that have not survived are treated as seedlings.

[0071] The field was built 2-3 months before transplanting and planting. A plot of 20 mu was selected, and a 100cm deep dig was made, and the ridge was raised and widened to a height of 15cm and a width of 35cm. The 20cm deep soil layer was plowed to remove weeds in the field, and then the field was flooded. When digging seedlings from the germination bed, the leaves of the Euryale ferox were gently supported, one hand was used to keep steady, and the other hand was used to dig vertically with the Euryale ferox seedling as the center, and the digging range was a radius of 3-4cm. When transplanting, the seedling cutting depth was controlled, and the seedling core was 2cm above the water surface.

[0072] 4. Growth Management and Harvest

[0073] After the seedlings turn green, gradually add water to raise the water level. The weekly water level change in the field should not exceed 2 cm, and the water level should be maintained at 75-80 cm during the fruiting period. Regularly remove the weeds around the Euryale plants until they are ripe for harvest. The sign of Euryale maturity is that some leaves rot on their own, the outer seed coat of the fruit is pink purple to dark purple, and some seeds fall off and float on the water surface. After harvesting, keep the stems and leaves of Euryale to allow it to decompose naturally.

[0074] After natural vernalization and soaking treatment, the germination rate of seeds reached 87%; the average leaf diameter of mature water chestnut seedlings cultivated in the transplanting bed was 10.1cm, the average plant height was 13.7cm, the survival rate was 86.3%, and the plants grew well, verifying the effectiveness of the greenhouse seedling cultivation method; the survival rate of seedlings planted using artificial transplanting technology was as high as 92.5%, further proving the feasibility of transplanting technology; the average fresh weight of water chestnut seeds at harvest was 83g, which was 5.4% higher per mu than the traditional planting method.

[0075] Test Example 2

[0076] This experiment was carried out on April 10, 2024 in a saline-alkali marsh in Da'an City, western Jilin Province. The test site was located in an idle field adjacent to a large natural swamp. The soil sodium bicarbonate content in this area was 22mmol / L, which has typical saline-alkali soil characteristics and is suitable as a representative area for experimental research.

[0077] This test method is carried out in the following steps:

[0078] 1. Seed selection and germination:

[0079] On April 10, 2024, mature water chestnut seeds from the previous year were collected from natural swamp water bodies, and plump, large-grained, and undamaged seeds were selected; they were soaked and disinfected in a 1% potassium permanganate solution for 20 minutes; then they were placed in clean water and germinated at a constant temperature of 15-25℃ in a greenhouse; after 10-12 days of cultivation, when most of the seed buds turned white, they could be sown.

[0080] 2. Greenhouse seedling cultivation and transplanting

[0081] In a greenhouse with a room temperature of 15-25℃, prepare a 45cm deep transplanting bed, lay a 12cm thick soil layer at the bottom, apply base fertilizer, level the land and then water it. The water depth is controlled at 4-5cm. After 2-3 days, the water in the transplanting bed is clear and sowing can be carried out. Dig holes at a spacing of 15×15cm, and bury the seeds treated in step 1 shallowly in the soil layer of the transplanting bed. Plant one seed in each hole with a burial depth of 1-2cm. As the seedlings grow, the water level gradually increases, and the most suitable flooding state for the seedlings is always maintained. When the diameter of the seedling leaves reaches 2-3cm, the water level is raised to 7-10cm; when the water chestnut grows 4-5 arrow-shaped leaves and the plant height reaches 10-15cm, the water depth should be adjusted to 20cm.

[0082] According to 4kg / m 2 The standard is to crush the plant stem substrate and mix it with the soil as base fertilizer. When controlling the water level, a water pump should be used to slowly adjust the water depth. The change in water depth per week during the seedling stage is 3 cm.

[0083] 3. Field transplanting and planting

[0084] When the seedling stage of Gorgon fruit is basically over and the outside temperature is stable at around 15℃, it can be transplanted. Dig the Gorgon fruit seedlings from the germination bed, dig out the soil attached to the roots, try to keep the soil at the roots, and transport them to the field; transplant and plant them at a spacing of not less than 1×1m, and control the water depth in the field at 18-22cm. When transplanting, coil the roots into a loose ball, place them in the soil, press the roots with soil, and add soil around them. The depth is based on the heart of the Gorgon fruit leaves exposed above the water surface. The seedling heart cannot be buried, and then straighten the leaves to float on the water surface to complete the seedling transplanting. After planting, the seedlings enter a 7-15 day seedling slow growth period. During this period, the water level is adjusted in time, and the seedlings that have not survived are treated as seedlings.

[0085] The field was built 2-3 months before transplanting and planting. A plot of 20 mu was selected, and a 100 cm deep dig was made, and the ridge was raised and widened to a height of 15 cm and a width of 35 cm. The 20 cm deep soil layer was plowed to remove weeds in the field, and then the field was flooded to effectively inhibit the regrowth of weeds. When digging seedlings from the germination bed, gently hold the leaves of the Euryale ferox, keep one hand stable, and use the other hand to dig vertically with the Euryale ferox seedling as the center, with a digging range of 3-4 cm radius. When transplanting, the seedling cutting depth was controlled, and the seedling heart was 3 cm above the water surface.

[0086] 4. Growth management and harvesting

[0087] After the seedlings turn green, gradually add water to raise the water level. The weekly water level change in the field should not exceed 2cm, and the water level should be maintained at 75-80cm during the fruiting period. Regularly remove weeds around the water chestnut plants to ensure the healthy growth of the plants until they are mature and harvested. The sign of the maturity of water chestnuts is that some leaves rot on their own, the outer seed coat of the fruit is pink purple to dark purple, and some seeds fall off and float on the water surface. After harvesting, keep the stems and leaves of the water chestnuts to allow them to decompose naturally, thereby increasing the content of soil organic matter, promoting the recovery and improvement of soil fertility, and reducing the use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides.

[0088] After natural vernalization and soaking treatment, the germination rate of seeds reached 85%; the average leaf diameter of mature water chestnut seedlings cultivated in the transplanting bed was 9.7cm, the average plant height was 13.5cm, the survival rate was 84%, and the plants grew well, verifying the effectiveness of the greenhouse seedling cultivation method; the survival rate of seedlings planted using artificial transplanting technology was as high as 93%, further proving the feasibility of transplanting technology; the average fresh weight of water chestnut seeds at harvest was 79g, which was 5.1% higher per mu than the traditional planting method.

[0089] In this specification, each embodiment is described in a progressive manner, and each embodiment focuses on the differences from other embodiments, and the same and similar parts between the embodiments can be referred to each other. The above description of the disclosed embodiments enables professionals and technicians in this field to implement or use the present invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be obvious to professionals and technicians in this field, and the general principles defined herein can be implemented in other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the present invention. Therefore, the present invention will not be limited to these embodiments shown in this article, but will comply with the widest range consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.

Claims

1. A high-efficiency artificial cultivation method for Northeastern swamp Euryale ferox, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Step 1: Seed selection and germination Collect mature Euryale seeds from the previous year from natural Euryale ferox swamp wetlands, select plump, large-grained, undamaged seeds, soak and disinfect them, and place them in clean water at a constant temperature for germination until 80% or more of the seed buds are white; Step 2: Seedling cultivation and transplanting Lay a soil layer at the bottom of the transplanting bed in the greenhouse and apply base fertilizer. After leveling the land, fill it with water and let it stand for 2-3 days until the water is clear. Dig holes and sow seeds. Adjust the water level in time as the seedlings grow. Step 3: Field transplanting and planting When the seedling stage of Gorgon fruit is over and the outside temperature is stable at 14-16℃, transplant it. Dig out the Gorgon fruit seedlings with soil and keep the soil at the roots and transport them to the field for transplanting and planting. Control the water depth in the field. After planting, enter the seedling acclimatization period. During the seedling acclimatization period, timely adjust the water level and carry out seedling supplementation for the seedlings that have not survived. Step 4: Growth management and harvesting After the seedlings turn green, gradually add water to raise the water level, maintain the water level during the fruiting period, and regularly remove weeds around the water chestnut plants until they are mature and ready for harvest.

2. The method for efficiently artificially cultivating the Northeastern swamp Euryale ferox according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step one, a 1% potassium permanganate solution is used for immersion disinfection.

3. The method for efficiently artificially cultivating the Northeastern swamp Euryale ferox according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step 1, the constant temperature germination temperature is 15-25°C and the time is 10-12 days.

4. The method for efficiently artificially cultivating the Northeastern swamp Euryale ferox according to claim 1, characterized in that: Step 2: The temperature in the greenhouse is 15-25℃, the soil layer thickness is 10-15cm, and the water injection depth is 4-5cm.

5. The method for efficiently artificially cultivating Euryale ferox in northeastern China according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step 2, the spacing between the holes is 15×15cm, and one seed is planted in each hole with a burial depth of 1-2cm.

6. The method for high-efficiency artificial cultivation of northeastern swamp Euryale ferox according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step 2, the water level is adjusted as the seedlings grow: when the diameter of the seedling leaves reaches 2-3 cm, the water level is raised to 7-10 cm; when the water chestnut grows 4-5 arrow-shaped leaves and the plant height reaches 10-15 cm, the water depth is adjusted to 20 cm.

7. The method for high-efficiency artificial cultivation of northeastern swamp Euryale ferox according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step three, the planting spacing is 1×1m and the water depth in the field is controlled at 18-22cm.

8. The method for high-efficiency artificial cultivation of northeastern swamp Euryale ferox according to claim 1, characterized in that: When transplanting in step three, coil the roots into a loose ball and place it in the soil. Press the roots down with soil and add soil around them. The depth should be such that the heart leaves of the water chestnut are exposed above the water surface. Then straighten the leaves so that they float on the water surface to complete the transplanting of the seedlings.

9. The method for high-efficiency artificial cultivation of Northeastern swamp Euryale ferox according to claim 1, characterized in that: During the water level increase process in step 4, the water level change in the field does not exceed 2 cm per week, and the water level is maintained at 75-80 cm during the fruiting period.