Shallow lake submerged plant planting matrix and efficient planting method

Abstract

The invention discloses a shallow lake submerged plant planting matrix and an efficient planting method. The method comprises the steps of submerged plant planting matrix preparation, seedling preparation, culture and maintenance and seed throwing. The planting substrate comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 54-74% of common soil; 12 to 33% of sediment; 11-12% of river sand; 1% of kaolin; after the raw materials are uniformly mixed, a small amount of water is added for multiple times, so that the sticky planting substrate is formed. Propagules such as submerged plant seedlings, buds and seeds are wrapped with the planting substrate. The submerged plants and the planting substrate form a stable whole body which is not easy to separate; after the plant seedlings are maintained and cultivated for 5 days, the submerged plant seedlings are thrown and planted in the lake water area. A small amount of degradable environment-friendly substrate raw materials are added, so that the strength and toughness of the planting substrate can be improved, the substrate can be kept in water until the submerged plants are stable in rooting and germination, necessary nutrient elements can be provided for growth of the submerged plants, and rapid and stable growth of the submerged plants is promoted.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to a method for efficiently planting submerged plants in shallow lakes, and belongs to the field of water ecological environment restoration. Background Art

[0002] In recent years, the eutrophication of lakes has become increasingly serious, and the original submerged plants are rapidly declining, the ecological environment is being damaged, and the health of the ecosystem is seriously threatened. In order to solve this problem, the methods for treating polluted water bodies at home and abroad mainly include physical remediation technology, chemical remediation technology and biological remediation technology. Compared with traditional physical and chemical remediation technologies, biological remediation technology has the advantages of environmental friendliness, low treatment cost and low energy consumption. It is the fastest-growing type of remediation technology in recent years, such as microbial remediation, plant adsorption, artificial floating islands, artificial wetlands, etc. In biological remediation technology, submerged plants can effectively repair eutrophic water bodies by absorbing nitrogen, phosphorus and gram-positive effects, which can effectively improve the quality of water bodies. Therefore, the role of submerged plants in water ecological restoration, especially in improving water transparency and landscape creation, is increasingly valued by people.

[0003] The existing methods of planting submerged plants mainly include fork planting, throwing method, container seedling planting, etc. Among them, the throwing method has attracted attention due to its simple operation. The throwing method is to use soft mud and gauze, plastic cloth and other materials to tie the root base of the plant, and then use gravity to make the submerged plant face upward. After growing for a period of time, the roots can penetrate the soft mud into the bottom mud. Although throwing has the advantages of high efficiency and simplicity, it cannot ensure that the roots of the plants are effectively embedded in the bottom mud. If the wrapped soft mud is too tight, the roots of the submerged plants are prone to lack of oxygen and rot. If the wrapped soft mud is too loose, the soft mud will fall off and the submerged plants will float. Thereby reducing the survival rate of submerged plants.

[0004] Therefore, how to provide a seedling planting matrix to facilitate the planting of submerged plants and improve the survival rate of highly submerged plants has become a technical problem that needs to be solved urgently. Summary of the invention

[0005] Purpose of the invention: The main technical problem solved by the present invention is to provide a method for efficiently planting submerged plants, which can solve the problem that the planting matrix structure is loose and easy to break. The submerged plant planting matrix prepared by the present invention can support the root system of submerged plants, which is beneficial for the roots of submerged plants to effectively penetrate into the bottom mud. The matrix has no obvious inhibitory effect on the growth of submerged plants and can provide certain nutrients for the growth of the roots of submerged plants. It is suitable for throwing planting on large water surfaces.

[0006] To solve the above technical problems, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is: a shallow lake submerged plant planting matrix, comprising the following components, by weight percentage: ordinary soil: 54-74%; sediment: 12-33%; river sand 11-12%; kaolin: 1%; polyacrylamide 0.5-1%.

[0007] The present invention also provides a method for planting submerged plants using the substrate, comprising the following steps: preparing the submerged plant planting substrate, preparing seedlings, cultivating and maintaining them, and planting them. (1) Preparation of submerged plant planting matrix, including ordinary soil: 54-74%; sediment: 12-33%; river sand 11-12%; kaolin: 1%; polyacrylamide 0.5-1%. After the raw materials are mixed evenly, water is added in small amounts and multiple times to form a sticky planting matrix, and the overall strength of the planting matrix is ​​improved; (2) Seedling preparation: using the above-mentioned planting matrix to wrap the submerged plant seedlings, sprouts or seeds, so that the submerged plant seedlings, sprouts or seeds form a relatively stable and difficult-to-detach whole with the matrix, while not affecting the rooting and germination of the submerged plant; (3) Cultivating and curing the plant seedlings obtained in step (2) for 5 days before use; (4) Seeding: Staff members will use boats to broadcast submerged plant seedlings.

[0008] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following technical effects: 1. The matrix formula of the present invention is suitable for seedling planting of submerged plant seedlings, young sprouts, seeds and other reproductive bodies, which greatly improves the survival rate of submerged plant planting; 2. Add river sand and other matrix materials to increase the porosity of the matrix and avoid wrapping too tightly, which will cause the roots of submerged plants to lack oxygen and rot; 3. Adding clay and kaolin greatly improves the strength and viscosity of the matrix, making it difficult to be dispersed in water. The added polyacrylamide is a degradable polymer material that can increase the viscosity of the planting matrix and improve its formability until the submerged plants take root and survive. It is a planting matrix with a reliable growth environment. 4. Adding sediments to the planting medium is beneficial for providing nutrients in the initial stage, which can promote the growth of submerged vegetation roots, enable submerged plants to better adhere to the bottom mud of rivers and lakes, and better absorb nutrients through the roots, thereby promoting the growth of submerged plants. At the same time, it can also improve the ability of submerged plants to withstand water flow impact.

[0009] The present invention provides a convenient, effective and widely applicable planting method for the reconstruction of submerged vegetation in aquatic ecosystems, and solves the problems encountered in traditional submerged plant seeding, such as too tight matrix wrapping leading to hypoxia and root rot, loose matrix structure that is easy to separate, easy floating of plants, and low survival rate. The matrix formula designed by the present invention will slowly dissolve after the plants survive and grow stably in the water body, and will not affect the normal reproduction of submerged plants. The added components are degradable and environmentally friendly polymer materials, which have no effect on water quality. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0010] The following are specific embodiments of the present invention, which further describe the technical solutions of the present invention, but the present invention is not limited to these embodiments.

[0011] A shallow lake submerged plant planting matrix, characterized in that it comprises the following components by weight: ordinary soil: 54-74%; sediment: 12-33%; river sand: 11-12%; kaolin: 1%; polyacrylamide 0.5-1%.

[0012] A method for efficiently planting submerged plants in shallow lakes, comprising the following steps: (1) preparing a planting matrix for submerged plants, including ordinary soil: 54-74%; sediment: 12-33%; river sand: 11-12%; kaolin: 1%; polyacrylamide: 0.5-1%. After the raw materials are evenly mixed, water is added in small amounts multiple times to form a sticky planting matrix, and the overall strength of the planting matrix is ​​improved; (2) Seedling preparation: using the above-mentioned planting matrix to wrap the submerged plant seedlings, sprouts or seeds, so that the submerged plant seedlings, sprouts or seeds form a relatively stable and difficult-to-detach whole with the matrix, while not affecting the rooting and germination of the submerged plant; (3) Cultivating and curing the plant seedlings obtained in step (2) for 5 days before use; (4) Seeding: Staff members will use boats to broadcast submerged plant seedlings.

[0013] In step (1), a soil with strong viscosity is selected, and then it is air-dried until the water content is less than 90%; the sediment is collected from Dianchi Lake in Yunnan, and plant roots, gravel and sand are removed; the sodium polyacrylate is selected to have a MW of 10 6 -10 7 of sodium polyacrylate. Example 1

[0014] A shallow lake submerged plant planting matrix comprises the following components in parts by weight: 54 kg of common soil, 32 kg of sediment, 12 kg of river sand, 1 kg of kaolin and 1 kg of polyacrylamide. Example 2

[0015] A shallow lake submerged plant planting matrix comprises the following components in parts by weight: 74 kg of common soil, 13.5 kg of sediment, 11 kg of river sand, 1 kg of kaolin and 0.5 kg of polyacrylamide. Example 3

[0016] A shallow lake submerged plant planting matrix comprises the following components in parts by weight: 61 kg of common soil, 25 kg of sediment, 12 kg of river sand, 1 kg of kaolin and 1 kg of polyacrylamide. Example 4

[0017] A shallow lake submerged plant planting matrix comprises the following components in parts by weight: 60 kg of common soil, 20 kg of sediment from which plant roots have been removed, 10 kg of river sand, 1 kg of kaolin and 1 kg of polyacrylamide. Example 5

[0018] A shallow lake submerged plant planting matrix comprises the following components in parts by weight: 54% common soil, 33% sediment, 11% river sand, 1% kaolin and 1% polyacrylamide. Example 6

[0019] A highly efficient planting method for submerged plants in a shallow lake comprises the following steps: 60 kg of ordinary soil with large particles removed, 20 kg of sediments with plant roots removed, 10 kg of river sand, 1 kg of kaolin, and 1 kg of polyacrylamide are uniformly mixed according to a certain proportion; water is added to the uniformly mixed matrix in small amounts and multiple times, the mixture is stirred evenly, and then 1 kg of Vallisneria seeds is mixed in and the mixture is uniformly mixed; the formed matrix has good viscosity and is not easy to loosen.

[0020] The above substrate containing Vallisneria seeds was kneaded into 50 mud balls with a diameter of about 8 cm, and the balls were thrown into lake water without submerged plants. Adding sediment to the planting substrate was beneficial for providing nutrients in the initial stage and promoting the germination of Vallisneria seeds.

[0021] The germination of Vallisneria seeds and the looseness of the substrate were monitored regularly. The results showed that Vallisneria did not float at the beginning of planting. The seeds began to germinate 7 days after sowing, and leaves grew 20 days after sowing. At 30 days after sowing, seedlings of about 5 cm grew on the mud ball, and the substrate began to loosen. At 40 days after sowing, the substrate was completely loose, and Vallisneria had completed stable growth. The survival rate of Vallisneria plants was >90%. Example 7

[0022] 54 kg of ordinary soil with large particles removed, 33 kg of sediments with plant roots removed, 11 kg of river sand, 1 kg of kaolin, and 1 kg of polyacrylamide are mixed evenly according to a predetermined ratio, and water is added to the mixed matrix in small amounts and multiple times, and stirred evenly until it can be formed; Select the healthy submerged plant Vallisneria sibiricum for root substrate wrapping. The diameter of each substrate is about 10 cm, and a total of 50 Vallisneria sibiricum seedlings are wrapped. The wrapped Vallisneria sibiricum seedlings are thrown into the lake water without submerged plants. The growth of Vallisneria sibiricum and the looseness of the substrate are monitored regularly. The living environment and nutrient supply in this group of substrates can ensure the normal growth and reproduction needs of submerged plant seedlings. When used for river and lake ecological restoration, it can maintain its overall natural sinking to the bottom of the river and lake, ensuring the non-damaged planting and rapid reproduction of submerged plants, which is conducive to accelerating the formation of submerged plant communities in the process of ecological restoration.

[0023] The results showed that the Vallisneria did not float at the beginning of planting. After 7 days of planting, fresh green leaves grew from the roots of the Vallisneria. After 20 days of planting, the rhizomes of the Vallisneria began to expand and grow towards the base of the water body. After 30 days of planting, the substrate began to loosen, and the Vallisneria had taken root. After 40 days of planting, the substrate was completely loose, and the Vallisneria had also completed stable growth. The survival rate of the Vallisneria plants was >90%.

[0024] The specific embodiments described herein are merely examples of the present invention. A person skilled in the art may make various modifications or additions to the specific embodiments described or replace them in a similar manner without departing from the spirit of the present invention or exceeding the scope defined by the appended claims.

Claims

1. A shallow lake submerged plant planting matrix, characterized in that In terms of weight, the composition includes: ordinary soil: 54-74%; sediment: 12-33%; river sand: 11-12%; kaolin: 1%; polyacrylamide: 0.5-1%.

2. A method for efficiently planting submerged plants in shallow lakes, characterized in that The method comprises the following steps: (1) preparing a submerged plant planting matrix, including ordinary soil: 54-74%; sediment: 12-33%; river sand: 11-12%; kaolin: 1%; and polyacrylamide: 0.5-1%. After the raw materials are evenly mixed, water is added in small amounts and multiple times to form a sticky planting matrix, and the overall strength of the planting matrix is ​​improved; (2) Seedling preparation: using the above-mentioned planting matrix to wrap the submerged plant seedlings, sprouts or seeds, so that the submerged plant seedlings, sprouts or seeds form a relatively stable and difficult-to-detach whole with the matrix, while not affecting the rooting and germination of the submerged plant; (3) Cultivating and curing the plant seedlings obtained in step (2) for 5 days before use; (4) Seeding: Staff members will use boats to broadcast submerged plant seedlings.

3. The planting method according to claim 2, characterized in that: In step (1), a soil with strong viscosity is selected, and then it is air-dried until the water content is less than 90%; the sediment is collected from Dianchi Lake in Yunnan, and plant roots, gravel and sand are removed; the sodium polyacrylate is selected to have a MW of 10 6 -10 7 of sodium polyacrylate.