Three-dimensional desertification control method based on plant system

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of ecological restoration and environmental protection, and provides a plant system-based three-dimensional desertification control method, which comprises the following steps of S1, collecting geographical, climate, soil and vegetation data of a desertification area, and evaluating and analyzing the desertification area by using a remote sensing technology; s2, establishing a three-dimensional planting mode of combining arbor, shrub and grass, and forming a multi-layer vegetation structure; s3, soil improvement is performed on the desertification area, and an ecological monitoring system is constructed; s4, constructing a reservoir and a water cellar facility, and performing water resource management; s5, performing forbidding protection on the desertification area; s6, dynamically monitoring the desertification area, and evaluating the desertification control effect according to the monitoring result; the overall survival rate of vegetation is increased through a vegetation three-dimensional planting mode, the ecological diversity is increased, the stability and resistance of an ecological system are improved, and effective prevention and treatment of desertification and comprehensive recovery of the ecological system are achieved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of ecological restoration and environmental protection, and specifically is a method for preventing and controlling desertification in a three-dimensional manner based on a plant system. Background Art

[0002] Desertification is a global environmental problem that seriously threatens ecological security, economic development and human survival. Traditional desertification prevention and control methods mainly include physical sand fixation, chemical improvement and single vegetation planting;

[0003] However, the traditional single-layer vegetation planting model often ignores the niche relationship between plants, resulting in uneven plant growth, fierce competition for survival, and low overall survival rate. This model cannot fully utilize space and resources, resulting in insufficient vegetation coverage, unable to effectively inhibit soil erosion and water loss, and thus exacerbating the process of desertification. The planting of a single plant species can easily lead to the fragility of the ecosystem. The lack of diversity reduces the ecosystem's ability to adapt to environmental changes and makes it vulnerable to external interference.

[0004] Moreover, existing technologies often rely on a lot of human intervention, such as irrigation and fertilization, which not only increases economic costs, but also causes excessive consumption of water resources, further exacerbating water shortages. In addition, excessive fertilization may lead to soil nutrient imbalance, causing environmental problems such as eutrophication of water bodies, which in turn has a negative impact on the ecosystem; with climate change and intensified human activities, the stability and resistance of the ecosystem face severe challenges, and traditional methods are difficult to meet the needs of modern ecological restoration.

[0005] To this end, technicians in this field have proposed a method for controlling desertification in a three-dimensional manner based on a plant system, aiming to form a multi-level vegetation structure through a three-dimensional vegetation planting pattern, improve the survival rate of vegetation and the diversity of the ecosystem, and achieve effective control of desertification and comprehensive restoration of the ecosystem. Summary of the invention

[0006] In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention provides a method for controlling desertification in a three-dimensional manner based on a plant system to solve the problems raised in the background technology.

[0007] A method for preventing and controlling desertification based on a plant system in three dimensions, comprising the following steps:

[0008] S1. Collect geographical, climate, soil and vegetation data of desertified areas and use remote sensing technology to assess and analyze desertified areas;

[0009] S2. Select trees, shrubs and herbaceous plants to establish a three-dimensional planting pattern of "combining trees, shrubs and grasses" to form a multi-layered vegetation structure;

[0010] S3. Improve the soil in desertified areas, lay sand barriers, set up drainage systems, build an ecological monitoring system, and regularly monitor and evaluate vegetation growth, soil quality, and water conditions;

[0011] S4. Build reservoirs and water cellars to collect and store rainwater, apply water-saving irrigation technology, and manage water resources;

[0012] S5. Close off and protect desertified areas, set up closed-off signs, and prohibit destructive behaviors such as grazing and reclamation;

[0013] S6. Use remote sensing monitoring and drone inspection methods to conduct dynamic monitoring of desertification areas, regularly collect and analyze data on vegetation growth, soil quality, and water resources ecology, and evaluate the effectiveness of desertification prevention and control based on the monitoring results.

[0014] Preferably, the step S1 acquires remote sensing image data through satellites or drones, and establishes a desertification degree evaluation index system in combination with ground survey data, pre-processes the remote sensing image data, classifies different types of land objects in the remote sensing images, and identifies key information such as vegetation type, soil erosion degree, and salinization status in the desertified area;

[0015] The desertification degree evaluation index system divides the desertification degree based on the comprehensive score of multiple indicators, which is expressed as:

[0016]

[0017] Among them, S represents the comprehensive score, ω i represents the weight of each indicator i, Z i Indicates the standardized indicator value;

[0018] According to the results of desertification degree classification, severe and extremely severe desertification areas are identified as key prevention and control areas. The determination of key prevention and control areas is expressed as follows:

[0019]

[0020] Among them, Z(x) represents the value of the point to be estimated, Z(x i ) represents a known value, λ i represents weight;

[0021] To evaluate the ecological restoration potential, analyze the natural conditions and ecological environment of the key prevention and control areas, and evaluate the ecological restoration potential of the area based on the advantages and disadvantages of the natural conditions and ecological environment, expressed as:

[0022] logit(P)=β 0 +β 1 X 1 +β 2 X2 +...+β n X n

[0023] Among them, P represents the probability of ecological restoration, X i represents natural conditions or ecological environment variables, β i represents the corresponding regression coefficient.

[0024] Preferably, in step S2, trees are selected as the upper layer of the vegetation structure to form an tree layer, shrubs are arranged under the trees to form a shrub layer, and herbaceous plants are planted under the shrub layer to establish a three-dimensional planting pattern of "combining trees, shrubs and grasses" to form a multi-layered vegetation structure;

[0025] During the planting process, the spacing between trees is maintained at 5-10 meters, shrubs are planted between the trees to form a companion relationship, and herbaceous plants are sown under the shrub layer to form a bottom layer of vegetation cover, growing under the shade of shrubs and trees; and after the trees are planted, shrubs and herbaceous plants are sown immediately.

[0026] Preferably, the step S3 comprises improving the soil before planting, adding organic fertilizer or soil conditioner, improving soil structure, supplying nutrients by combining organic fertilizer and chemical fertilizer, laying sand barriers, and setting up a drainage system;

[0027] Establish an ecological monitoring system with monitoring indicators including vegetation indicators, soil indicators, water condition indicators and microclimate indicators to monitor the growth of vegetation at multiple levels and assess its impact on the soil, microclimate and surrounding ecological environment;

[0028] To evaluate the impact of vegetation on soil quality, the soil improvement index is expressed as:

[0029]

[0030] Among them, SRI is soil improvement index, OM after is the organic matter content after monitoring, OM befor is the organic matter content before monitoring;

[0031] The impact of vegetation on microclimate is evaluated, and the microclimate change is expressed as:

[0032] ΔT=T after -T befor

[0033] Among them, T after is the temperature data after monitoring, T befor is the temperature data before monitoring;

[0034] To assess the impact of vegetation on the ecological environment, its biodiversity index is expressed as:

[0035]

[0036] Where H′ represents the Shannon index, p i is the relative abundance of the ith plant species, and S is the total number of species.

[0037] Preferably, step S6 obtains the surface vegetation coverage of a large area through remote sensing satellites, and an unmanned aerial vehicle is equipped with a high-definition camera and a multi-spectral sensor, which flies regularly in a specific area to automatically collect image data, and obtains vegetation height and coverage information in combination with GPS positioning;

[0038] Establish a monitoring mechanism, set the monitoring frequency to once a month, conduct key monitoring when the seasons change, and create a cloud database to store all monitoring data.

[0039] Preferably, the step S6 also evaluates the desertification control effect according to the monitoring results, and evaluates the vegetation growth monitoring effect, and the growth rate is expressed as: Among them, H t1 , H t2 are the vegetation heights measured at time t1 and t2, respectively;

[0040] Soil quality is assessed through a composite score of multiple soil parameters, expressed as:

[0041] SQI=ω 1 pH+ω 2 OM+ω 3 ·θ

[0042] Where SQI is the soil quality index, ω i is the weight of different soil quality parameters, pH is the soil acidity and alkalinity, OM is the soil organic matter content, and θ is the soil moisture;

[0043] To evaluate the effect of water resource management, the water resource utilization efficiency is expressed as: where Y crop is the crop yield per unit area, Y input The amount of water provided for irrigation or rainfall.

[0044] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0045] 1. The present invention can reasonably configure the plant according to its growth rate, ecological niche and planting function through a three-dimensional planting mode, achieve mutual beneficial symbiosis in space and time, thereby improving the overall survival rate of vegetation. The multi-layered plant root system can reduce water flow velocity, reduce soil erosion, maintain soil moisture, increase soil permeability, promote the activity of soil microorganisms, and help improve soil fertility.

[0046] 2. The present invention can accommodate more types of plants and animals through a multi-layered vegetation structure, thereby increasing the diversity of the ecosystem. The increase in diversity helps to improve the stability and resistance of the ecosystem, making it more adaptable to environmental changes.

[0047] 3. The present invention helps to improve the regional ecological environment, enhance ecological service functions, promote sustainable development of the region, and improve the quality of life and happiness of residents through a three-dimensional method of preventing and controlling desertification. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0048] Figure 1 The present invention is a flow chart of the method for three-dimensionally preventing and controlling desertification based on plant system. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0049] The following embodiments of the present invention are described in further detail in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and examples. The following examples are used to illustrate the present invention, but are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.

[0050] As attached Figure 1 As shown:

[0051] Embodiment 1: The present invention provides a method for controlling desertification in a three-dimensional manner based on a plant system, comprising the following steps:

[0052] S1. Collect geographical, climate, soil and vegetation data of desertified areas, and use remote sensing technology to evaluate and analyze desertified areas; obtain remote sensing image data through satellites or drones, and establish a desertification degree evaluation index system in combination with ground survey data, pre-process remote sensing image data, classify different types of land objects in remote sensing images, and identify key information such as vegetation type, soil erosion degree, and salinization status in desertified areas;

[0053] The desertification degree evaluation index system divides the desertification degree based on the comprehensive score of multiple indicators, which is expressed as:

[0054]

[0055] Among them, S represents the comprehensive score, ω i represents the weight of each indicator i, Z i Indicates the standardized indicator value;

[0056] According to the results of desertification degree classification, severe and extremely severe desertification areas are identified as key prevention and control areas. The determination of key prevention and control areas is expressed as follows:

[0057]

[0058] Among them, Z(x) represents the value of the point to be estimated, Z(x i) represents a known value, λ i represents weight;

[0059] To evaluate the ecological restoration potential, analyze the natural conditions and ecological environment of the key prevention and control areas, and evaluate the ecological restoration potential of the area based on the advantages and disadvantages of the natural conditions and ecological environment, expressed as:

[0060] logit(P)=β 0 +β 1 X 1 +β 2 X 2 +...+β n X n

[0061] Among them, P represents the probability of ecological restoration, X i represents natural conditions or ecological environment variables, β i represents the corresponding regression coefficient.

[0062] The assessment of desertification areas through remote sensing technology can effectively identify the degree of desertification, analyze the ecological status of the region, determine key prevention and control areas, and assess the restoration potential. The above methods and formulas improve the accuracy and timeliness of the assessment, establish a connection between remote sensing analysis and ecological restoration decision-making, provide scientific basis and data support for desertification prevention and control, and help promote sustainable ecological environmental restoration.

[0063] S2. Select trees, shrubs and herbaceous plants to establish a three-dimensional planting pattern of "combining trees, shrubs and grasses" to form a multi-layered vegetation structure; select trees as the upper layer of the vegetation structure to form a tree layer, arrange shrubs under the trees to form a shrub layer, and plant herbaceous plants under the shrub layer to establish a three-dimensional planting pattern of "combining trees, shrubs and grasses" to form a multi-layered vegetation structure; trees have deep roots that can absorb deep water and nutrients while providing shade and wind protection; shrubs have shallow roots and good shade tolerance, which can increase vegetation coverage and diversity; herbaceous plants can protect the soil, prevent soil erosion, and provide abundant ground cover.

[0064] Trees provide tall canopies and deep root systems, shrubs can increase ground cover, and herbaceous plants help stabilize the soil and retain water. This multi-level structure can more effectively utilize spatial resources, improve the stability and biodiversity of the ecosystem, and the multi-level vegetation structure formed can enhance the self-repair ability of the ecosystem and provide a solid foundation for the restoration of desertified areas.

[0065] During the planting process, the spacing between trees is kept at 5-10 meters, and shrubs are planted between trees to form a companion relationship, which can not only reduce wind damage but also increase the landscape effect. Herbs are sown under the shrub layer to form a bottom vegetation cover, growing under the shade of shrubs and trees; and after the trees are planted, shrubs and herbaceous plants are sown immediately to ensure the continuity of plant coverage. The three-dimensional planting model of "combining trees, shrubs and grasses" can not only improve the biodiversity of vegetation and improve the soil and water conservation capacity of the land, but also enhance the stability of the ecosystem and help restore the ecological function of desertified land.

[0066] S3. Improve the soil in desertified areas, lay sand barriers, set up drainage systems, build an ecological monitoring system, and regularly monitor and evaluate the growth of vegetation, soil quality, and moisture conditions; improve the soil before planting, add organic fertilizers or soil conditioners, improve soil structure, and supply nutrients with a combination of organic fertilizers and chemical fertilizers, lay sand barriers, and set up drainage systems;

[0067] Establish an ecological monitoring system with monitoring indicators including vegetation indicators, soil indicators, water condition indicators and microclimate indicators to monitor the growth of vegetation at multiple levels and assess its impact on the soil, microclimate and surrounding ecological environment;

[0068] To evaluate the impact of vegetation on soil quality, the soil improvement index is expressed as:

[0069]

[0070] Among them, SRI is soil improvement index, OM after is the organic matter content after monitoring, OM befor is the organic matter content before monitoring;

[0071] The impact of vegetation on microclimate is evaluated, and the microclimate change is expressed as:

[0072] ΔT=T after -T befor

[0073] Among them, T after is the temperature data after monitoring, T befor is the temperature data before monitoring;

[0074] To assess the impact of vegetation on the ecological environment, its biodiversity index is expressed as:

[0075]

[0076] Where H′ represents the Shannon index, p i is the relative abundance of the ith plant species, and S is the total number of species.

[0077] By establishing an in-depth monitoring system, we can continuously track the growth of multi-level vegetation and its impact on the environment. By quantifying the relationship between vegetation, soil and microclimate and assessing the overall health status, we can provide a scientific basis and guidance for subsequent ecological restoration and management. This method not only improves the monitoring effect, but also promotes the scientific and refined decision-making.

[0078] S4. Construct reservoirs and water cellars to collect and store rainwater, apply water-saving irrigation technology, and manage water resources. These facilities can collect and store rainwater to provide the necessary moisture for vegetation in desertified areas. Water-saving irrigation technology can make efficient use of water resources, reduce waste, and improve irrigation efficiency.

[0079] S5. Close off and protect desertified areas, set up prohibition signs, and prohibit destructive behaviors such as grazing and reclamation. By setting up prohibition signs, the public is clearly informed that destructive behaviors such as grazing and reclamation are prohibited in this area, thereby enhancing the public's environmental awareness. Closed protection is an important means to prevent further desertification. By restricting human activities, vegetation and soil are protected from destruction.

[0080] S6. Use remote sensing monitoring and drone inspection methods to conduct dynamic monitoring of desertification areas, regularly collect and analyze data on vegetation growth, soil quality, and water resources ecology, and evaluate the effectiveness of desertification prevention and control based on the monitoring results.

[0081] Remote sensing satellites are used to obtain the surface vegetation coverage of a large area. UAVs equipped with high-definition cameras and multi-spectral sensors fly regularly in specific areas to automatically collect image data and obtain vegetation height and coverage information in combination with GPS positioning.

[0082] Establish a monitoring mechanism, set the monitoring frequency to once a month, conduct key monitoring when the seasons change, and create a cloud database to store all monitoring data.

[0083] According to the monitoring results, the desertification control effect is evaluated, and the vegetation growth monitoring effect is evaluated. The growth rate is expressed as: Among them, H t1 , H t2 are the vegetation heights measured at time t1 and t2, respectively;

[0084] Soil quality is assessed through a composite score of multiple soil parameters expressed as:

[0085] SQI=ω 1 pH+ω 2 OM+ω 3 ·θ

[0086] Where SQI is the soil quality index, ω iis the weight of different soil quality parameters, pH is the soil acidity and alkalinity, OM is the soil organic matter content, and θ is the soil moisture;

[0087] To evaluate the effect of water resource management, the water resource utilization efficiency is expressed as: where Y crop is the crop yield per unit area, Y input The amount of water provided for irrigation or rainfall.

[0088] The monitoring system constructed through remote sensing monitoring and drone inspections can effectively monitor and evaluate the growth status of multi-level vegetation, soil quality and water resource management effects. According to the monitoring results, vegetation planting strategies, fertilization and irrigation plans can be adjusted in time to improve the management effect.

[0089] Importantly, it should be noted that the construction and arrangement of the present application shown in a plurality of different exemplary embodiments are only exemplary. Although only a few embodiments are described in detail in this disclosure, it should be readily understood by those who refer to this disclosure that many modifications are possible without substantially departing from the novel teachings and advantages of the subject matter described in the application. Without departing from the scope of the present invention, other replacements, modifications, changes and omissions may be made in the design, operating conditions and arrangement of the exemplary embodiments. Therefore, the present invention is not limited to specific embodiments, but extends to a variety of modifications still falling within the scope of the appended claims.

[0090] Additionally, in order to provide a concise description of exemplary embodiments, all features of an actual embodiment (ie, those features that are not relevant to the best mode presently contemplated for carrying out the invention or those that are not relevant to implementing the invention) may not be described.

[0091] It should be understood that in the development of any actual implementation, as in any engineering or design project, numerous implementation-specific decisions may be made. Such a development effort may be complex and time-consuming, but for those of ordinary skill having the benefit of this disclosure, without undue experimentation, the development effort will be a routine task of design, fabrication, and production.

[0092] It should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention rather than to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that the technical solutions of the present invention may be modified or replaced by equivalents without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the present invention, which should all be included in the scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for controlling desertification based on a plant system, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S1. Collect geographical, climate, soil and vegetation data of desertified areas and use remote sensing technology to assess and analyze desertified areas; S2. Select trees, shrubs and herbaceous plants to establish a three-dimensional planting pattern of "combining trees, shrubs and grasses" to form a multi-layered vegetation structure; S3. Improve the soil in desertified areas, lay sand barriers, set up drainage systems, build an ecological monitoring system, and regularly monitor and evaluate vegetation growth, soil quality, and water conditions; S4. Build reservoirs and water cellars to collect and store rainwater, apply water-saving irrigation technology, and manage water resources; S5. Close off and protect desertified areas, set up closed-off signs, and prohibit destructive behaviors such as grazing and reclamation; S6. Use remote sensing monitoring and drone inspection methods to conduct dynamic monitoring of desertification areas, regularly collect and analyze data on vegetation growth, soil quality, and water resources ecology, and evaluate the effectiveness of desertification prevention and control based on the monitoring results.

2. A method for controlling desertification based on a plant system in three dimensions as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The step S1 acquires remote sensing image data through satellites or drones, and establishes a desertification degree evaluation index system in combination with ground survey data, pre-processes the remote sensing image data, classifies different types of land objects in the remote sensing images, and identifies key information such as vegetation type, soil erosion degree, and salinization status in the desertified area; The desertification degree evaluation index system divides the desertification degree based on the comprehensive score of multiple indicators, which is expressed as: Among them, S represents the comprehensive score, ω i represents the weight of each indicator i, Z i Indicates the standardized indicator value; According to the results of desertification degree classification, severe and extremely severe desertification areas are identified as key prevention and control areas. The determination of key prevention and control areas is expressed as follows: Among them, Z(x) represents the value of the point to be estimated, Z(x i ) represents a known value, λ i represents weight; To evaluate the ecological restoration potential, analyze the natural conditions and ecological environment of the key prevention and control areas, and evaluate the ecological restoration potential of the area based on the advantages and disadvantages of the natural conditions and ecological environment, expressed as: logit(P)=β0+β1X1+β2X2+...+β n X n Among them, P represents the probability of ecological restoration, X i represents natural conditions or ecological environment variables, β i represents the corresponding regression coefficient.

3. A method for controlling desertification based on a plant system in three dimensions as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The step S2 selects trees as the upper layer of the vegetation structure to form an tree layer, arranges shrubs under the trees to form a shrub layer, and plants herbaceous plants under the shrub layer to establish a three-dimensional planting pattern of "combining trees, shrubs and grasses" to form a multi-layered vegetation structure; During the planting process, the spacing between trees is maintained at 5-10 meters, shrubs are planted between the trees to form a companion relationship, and herbaceous plants are sown under the shrub layer to form a bottom layer of vegetation cover, growing under the shade of shrubs and trees; and after the trees are planted, shrubs and herbaceous plants are sown immediately.

4. A method for controlling desertification based on a plant system in three dimensions as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The step S3 includes improving the soil before planting, adding organic fertilizers or soil conditioners, improving soil structure, supplying nutrients by combining organic fertilizers and chemical fertilizers, laying sand barriers, and setting up a drainage system; Establish an ecological monitoring system with monitoring indicators including vegetation indicators, soil indicators, water condition indicators and microclimate indicators to monitor the growth of vegetation at multiple levels and assess its impact on the soil, microclimate and surrounding ecological environment; To evaluate the impact of vegetation on soil quality, the soil improvement index is expressed as: Among them, SRI is soil improvement index, OM after is the organic matter content after monitoring, OM befor is the organic matter content before monitoring; The impact of vegetation on microclimate is evaluated, and the microclimate change is expressed as: ΔT=T after -T befor Among them, T after is the temperature data after monitoring, T befor is the temperature data before monitoring; To assess the impact of vegetation on the ecological environment, its biodiversity index is expressed as: Where H′ represents the Shannon index, p i is the relative abundance of the ith plant species, and S is the total number of species.

5. The method for controlling desertification based on a plant system in three dimensions as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The step S6 obtains the surface vegetation coverage of a large area through remote sensing satellites, and the drone is equipped with a high-definition camera and a multi-spectral sensor, which flies regularly in a specific area to automatically collect image data, and obtains vegetation height and coverage information in combination with GPS positioning; Establish a monitoring mechanism, set the monitoring frequency to once a month, conduct key monitoring when the seasons change, and create a cloud database to store all monitoring data.

6. A method for controlling desertification based on a plant system in three dimensions as claimed in claim 5, characterized in that: The step S6 also evaluates the desertification control effect according to the monitoring results, and evaluates the vegetation growth monitoring effect, and its growth rate is expressed as: Among them, H t1 , H t2 are the vegetation heights measured at time t1 and t2, respectively; Soil quality is assessed through a composite score of multiple soil parameters, expressed as: SQI=ω1·pH+ω2·OM+ω3·θ Where SQI is the soil quality index, ω i is the weight of different soil quality parameters, pH is the soil acidity and alkalinity, OM is the soil organic matter content, and θ is the soil moisture; To evaluate the effect of water resource management, the water resource utilization efficiency is expressed as: where Y crop is the crop yield per unit area, Y input The amount of water provided for irrigation or rainfall.

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