Method for preparing pellet feed by post-spraying feed additive

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for preparing pellet feed by spraying a feed additive, and belongs to the technical field of feed additives. The feed additive comprises the following raw materials in parts by mass: 4-5 parts of nano porous activated carbon, 0.5-0.8 part of probiotics, 3-4 parts of vanilla powder, 1-1.5 parts of orange peel oil, 0.8-1.2 parts of a citrus peel extract, 0.5-0.8 part of a seaweed extract, 1.5-2 parts of polyvinyl alcohol and 4-6 parts of polyacrylic acid. The feed additive disclosed by the invention eliminates the stimulation of unpleasant odor, can promote the bred animals to uniformly ingest and quickly grow, improves the utilization rate of the feed, and reduces the death rate of the bred animals.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of feed additives, in particular to a method for preparing granular feed by post-spraying of feed additives. Background Art

[0002] Feed additives are essential raw materials for modern industrial feed production. They play an important role in enhancing the nutritional value of basic feed, saving feed costs, ensuring animal health, and improving animal production performance and quality.

[0003] Commonly used feed additives at present include vitamins, amino acids, minerals, enzymes, antibiotics, probiotics and Chinese herbal medicines. However, the use of vitamin feed additives requires high technical and management requirements, and is difficult to use in practice; amino acid feed additives and mineral feed additives require strict control of the proportion of various amino acids and minerals, which is difficult to implement; the effects of enzyme feed additives in actual use vary, and it is difficult for farmers to choose; antibiotic feed additives have great side effects when used for a long time. On the one hand, they can cause pathogenic microorganisms to develop drug resistance and reduce the prevention and treatment effects of animal diseases. On the other hand, they will produce drug residues in meat, eggs, milk and the environment, which seriously threatens human health; probiotic feed additives have poor universality, and it is difficult to maintain activity, which may affect the taste of the feed; Chinese herbal feed additives have complex ingredients, and it is difficult to accurately control the content and proportion of their effective ingredients, which may result in less stable effects than chemical synthetic additives.

[0004] Therefore, there is an urgent need to find a feed additive that has wide adaptability, simple use, stable use effect and no harm. Summary of the invention

[0005] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a method for preparing pelleted feed by post-spraying feed additives, so as to solve the problems existing in the above-mentioned prior art.

[0006] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following solutions:

[0007] One of the technical solutions of the present invention: a feed additive comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 4 to 5 parts of nanoporous activated carbon, 0.5 to 0.8 parts of probiotics, 3 to 4 parts of vanilla powder, 1 to 1.5 parts of orange peel oil, 0.8 to 1.2 parts of citrus peel extract, 0.5 to 0.8 parts of seaweed extract, 1.5 to 2 parts of polyvinyl alcohol and 4 to 6 parts of polyacrylic acid.

[0008] Furthermore, the method for preparing the nanoporous activated carbon comprises the following steps:

[0009] adding straw powder into zinc chloride solution, impregnating, and drying to obtain pretreated straw;

[0010] The pretreated straw, zeolite powder and potassium carbonate are mixed evenly and pressed into pellets;

[0011] The particles are carbonized under an inert atmosphere and then ball-milled to obtain the nanoporous activated carbon.

[0012] Further, the zinc chloride solution is composed of zinc chloride, water and concentrated hydrochloric acid in a mass ratio of 1:25:0.15;

[0013] and / or, the mass ratio of the straw powder to the zinc chloride solution is 1:(3-4);

[0014] And / or, the immersion time is 16 to 20 hours;

[0015] And / or, the mass ratio of the pretreated straw, zeolite powder and potassium carbonate is 1:0.5:0.3;

[0016] And / or, the carbonization temperature is 600-700°C and the time is 2-3h;

[0017] And / or, the particle size of the nanoporous activated carbon is 10 to 30 nm.

[0018] Furthermore, the probiotics include the following components in parts by weight: 3-5 parts of lactic acid bacteria, 1-2 parts of bifidobacteria, 4-6 parts of Bacillus coagulans and 4-5 parts of Bacillus subtilis.

[0019] Lactic acid bacteria can promote intestinal peristalsis, inhibit the growth of pathogenic bacteria, and decompose harmful substances; Bifidobacterium participates in food digestion and promotes intestinal health; Bacillus coagulans helps digestion and inhibits the growth of harmful bacteria; Bacillus subtilis can enhance the immunity of farmed animals and promote intestinal health. The synergistic effect of lactic acid bacteria, bifidobacteria, Bacillus coagulans and Bacillus subtilis can inhibit pathogens in animals and reduce the incidence of farmed animals while ensuring the intestinal health of animals.

[0020] Furthermore, the preparation method of the orange peel oil comprises the following steps:

[0021] The orange peel is soaked in a mixed solution of water, sodium citrate and calcium chloride and then cold-pressed to obtain a crude extract;

[0022] The crude extract is centrifuged and then distilled under reduced pressure to obtain the orange peel oil.

[0023] The fragrance and sweetness of vanilla powder and orange peel oil can encourage farmed animals to forage for feed, thus solving the problem of poor taste of existing feed.

[0024] Furthermore, the preparation method of the citrus peel extract comprises the following steps:

[0025] The citrus peel is crushed and mixed with an ethanol solution, and refluxed for extraction to obtain a crude extract;

[0026] Extracting the crude extract with petroleum ether 2 to 3 times to obtain an extract;

[0027] The solvent in the extract is removed to obtain the citrus peel extract.

[0028] Furthermore, the method for preparing the seaweed extract comprises the following steps:

[0029] The seaweed is crushed and then water is added to perform ultra-high pressure extraction to obtain a crude extract;

[0030] The crude extract is concentrated, precipitated with alcohol, filtered and dried to obtain the seaweed extract.

[0031] Citrus peel extract is rich in flavonoids, which can increase the immunity of farmed animals and improve their antioxidant function.

[0032] Seaweed extract is rich in polysaccharides, which can increase the immunity of farmed animals and activate T and B lymphocytes; it can serve as food for beneficial bacteria in the intestine (such as bifidobacteria and lactobacilli) and promote their proliferation; it can scavenge hydroxyl free radicals and superoxide anion radicals, improve the antioxidant capacity of farmed animals, and thus protect farmed animals from damage by oxidative stress and reduce the risk of disease.

[0033] The present invention enriches substances with active effects through the preparation of citrus peel extract and seaweed extract, and can more accurately control the dosage, thereby exerting a stable disease resistance and disease prevention effect.

[0034] The synergistic effect of citrus peel extract and seaweed extract can significantly enhance the immunity of farmed animals and promote their rapid and healthy growth.

[0035] The second technical solution of the present invention is a method for preparing the above feed additive, comprising the following steps:

[0036] The probiotics are added to the liquid culture medium and cultured for 36 to 48 hours, then the nanoporous activated carbon is added, and the culture is continued for 24 hours, and then filtered to obtain additive A;

[0037] The remaining raw materials are mixed evenly to obtain additive B;

[0038] The additive A and the additive B constitute the feed additive.

[0039] Technical solution 3 of the present invention: A method for preparing pellet feed by post-spraying of feed additives, comprising the following steps:

[0040] Add the additive B in the feed additive to water and disperse it evenly, then add the additive A and disperse it evenly to obtain an additive solution;

[0041] The additive solution is sprayed on the surface of the granular feed, and after low-temperature drying, the additive solution is sprayed again to obtain the granular feed.

[0042] Furthermore, the mass ratio of the feed additive to the feed is 1:25.

[0043] Loading probiotics in nanoporous activated carbon can provide a certain shelter environment for probiotics, avoid problems such as probiotic death and loss, and enable probiotics to quickly colonize in the bodies of farmed animals, improve the intestinal health of farmed animals, and improve the absorption and utilization rate of feed by farmed animals, thereby reducing the incidence of farmed animals and increasing the growth rate of farmed animals.

[0044] The use of polyvinyl alcohol and polyacrylic acid in feed additives can slowly release nutrients in the animal intestines, delay digestion, increase absorption, improve feed utilization, reduce emissions, and be highly efficient and environmentally friendly.

[0045] The present invention discloses the following technical effects:

[0046] The vanilla powder and orange peel oil in the feed additive of the present invention eliminate the stimulation of bad smell, can promote the uniform feeding and rapid growth of farmed animals, improve the utilization rate of feed, and is green and environmentally friendly.

[0047] The feed additive of the present invention can promote the rapid growth of farmed animals and reduce the mortality rate of farmed animals.

[0048] The feed additive of the present invention can replace or partially replace antibiotics, promote the healthy growth of farmed animals and resist diseases. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0049] Various exemplary embodiments of the present invention will now be described in detail. This detailed description should not be considered as limiting the present invention, but should be understood as a more detailed description of certain aspects, features, and embodiments of the present invention.

[0050] It should be understood that the terms described in the present invention are only for describing special embodiments and are not intended to limit the present invention. In addition, for the numerical range in the present invention, it should be understood that each intermediate value between the upper and lower limits of the scope is also specifically disclosed. Each smaller range between the intermediate value in any stated value or stated range and any other stated value or intermediate value in the described range is also included in the present invention. The upper and lower limits of these smaller ranges can be independently included or excluded in the scope.

[0051] Unless otherwise indicated, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meanings as those generally understood by those skilled in the art. Although the present invention describes only preferred methods and materials, any methods and materials similar or equivalent to those described herein may also be used in the implementation or testing of the present invention. All documents mentioned in this specification are incorporated by reference to disclose and describe the methods and / or materials associated with the documents. In the event of a conflict with any incorporated document, the content of this specification shall prevail.

[0052] It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and variations may be made to the specific embodiments of the present invention description without departing from the scope or spirit of the present invention. Other embodiments derived from the present invention description will be apparent to those skilled in the art. The present invention description and examples are exemplary only.

[0053] The words “include,” “including,” “have,” “contain,” etc. used in this document are open-ended terms, meaning including but not limited to.

[0054] The “parts” described in the following examples are all “parts by mass”.

[0055] Commonly used feed additives in the prior art include vitamin feed additives, amino acid feed additives, mineral feed additives, enzyme feed additives, antibiotic feed additives, probiotic feed additives, Chinese herbal feed additives, etc.

[0056] (1) Vitamin feed additives

[0057] Vitamin feed additives can significantly increase the growth rate and feed utilization of livestock and poultry. For example, adding multiple vitamins to broiler feed can reduce the feed-to-meat ratio and promote the growth and development of young animals.

[0058] Vitamin feed additives can improve the reproductive performance of breeding animals. For example, a lack of vitamin A can lead to decreased conception rates, dystocia, miscarriage and other problems; a lack of vitamin E can affect the reproductive function of livestock, leading to reduced sperm count, infertility in female animals and other problems.

[0059] Vitamin feed additives can enhance the disease resistance and immunity of livestock and poultry and reduce the incidence of diseases. For example, vitamin C and vitamin E can improve the anti-stress ability of livestock and poultry and improve their physical condition under stress.

[0060] Vitamin feed additives can improve the quality of livestock and poultry products. For example, vitamin D can promote the absorption of calcium and phosphorus and prevent the production of soft-shelled eggs and thin-shelled eggs; vitamin E can prevent fat oxidation and improve storage quality.

[0061] However, excessive use of vitamin feed additives can have a negative impact on livestock and poultry, and may even cause poisoning. For example, excessive vitamin A can cause skin problems and nervous system disorders; excessive vitamin D can cause hypercalcemia and other problems. Therefore, the use of vitamin feed additives requires high technical and management requirements, and is difficult to use in practice.

[0062] (II) Amino Acid Feed Additives

[0063] Adding appropriate amounts of amino acid feed additives can promote animal growth, improve feed utilization and reduce breeding costs.

[0064] Adding amino acid feed additives can reduce fat deposition, improve the quality of livestock and poultry, and enhance the stress resistance and disease resistance of livestock and poultry.

[0065] However, adding too many amino acids will lead to competition for absorption, affect the efficiency of nutrient absorption, and may affect the gastrointestinal health of animals. Moreover, if the ratio of amino acids in the feed is unreasonable, especially if the concentration of a certain amino acid is too high, it will affect the absorption and utilization of other amino acids.

[0066] (III) Mineral feed additives

[0067] Minerals are essential nutrients for the growth, reproduction and maintenance of normal physiological functions of livestock and poultry. Mineral feed additives can effectively supplement essential minerals, such as calcium, phosphorus, sodium, chlorine, etc. Reasonable addition of mineral feed additives can improve the production performance of livestock and poultry, such as increasing the weight and muscle mass of beef cattle and increasing the milk production of dairy cows.

[0068] If mineral feed additives are added in excess, they may be toxic to livestock and poultry. For example, excessive salt can cause diarrhea, poisoning, etc. The ratio between mineral elements needs to be balanced. If they are added improperly, they may cause nutritional deficiencies or nutritional imbalances in livestock and poultry, affecting their health.

[0069] (IV) Enzyme feed additives

[0070] Enzyme feed additives can break down indigestible components in feed, such as protein, fat and starch, thereby improving the animal's digestion and absorption rate of feed, reducing the generation of excrement and saving feed resources.

[0071] Enzyme feed additives can promote the absorption and utilization of nutrients, accelerate the growth and development of animals, and increase egg production and body weight.

[0072] Enzyme feed additives can reduce undigested matter in feces, reduce environmental pollution and alleviate environmental burden.

[0073] Enzyme feed additives are natural products of microbial fermentation. They do not have drug residue and drug resistance problems and are a green and safe feed additive.

[0074] Enzyme feed additives can expand the scope of feed resource utilization and reduce feed costs.

[0075] However, the price of enzyme feed additives is relatively high, which may increase the cost of breeding; the effects of enzyme feed additives of different brands and models in actual use vary, making it difficult for farmers to choose.

[0076] (V) Antibiotic feed additives

[0077] Antibiotic feed additives can significantly increase the growth rate and feed conversion rate of livestock and poultry, thereby shortening the feeding cycle and reducing breeding costs; they can improve intestinal health, promote nutrient absorption, and increase feed utilization; they can prevent and treat certain bacterial diseases and reduce morbidity and mortality.

[0078] However, long-term use of antibiotics can cause bacteria to develop drug resistance, reduce the therapeutic effectiveness of antibiotics, and may even produce "super bacteria"; antibiotics remain in the bodies of livestock and poultry and may enter the human body through the food chain, posing a potential threat to human health; antibiotics enter the environment through livestock and poultry excrement, polluting the soil and water, and affecting the ecological balance.

[0079] (VI) Probiotic feed additives

[0080] Probiotics can regulate the balance of intestinal flora, promote the reproduction of beneficial bacteria, and reduce the number of harmful bacteria, thereby improving the digestion and absorption capacity of animals and increasing feed utilization; probiotics can enhance the immune system of animals, promote the production of immunoglobulins, and improve animals' resistance to diseases; probiotics can inhibit the reproduction of pathogens, reduce the occurrence of diseases, and improve the health level of animals; probiotics can reduce the foul odor of feces, improve the breeding environment, and reduce the occurrence of diseases; probiotic additives are relatively low in price, low in cost of use, and economical.

[0081] However, different animals may react differently to probiotics, and the effects may vary due to individual differences, so the universality is poor; probiotics are sensitive to storage and transportation conditions, and need to maintain suitable temperature and humidity, otherwise their activity may be affected; some probiotic additives may affect the taste of feed, and the formula needs to be adjusted appropriately to suit the taste of animals, making it difficult to promote and apply them on a large scale.

[0082] (VII) Chinese herbal feed additives

[0083] Chinese herbal feed additives can enhance the immunity of animals and make them better able to resist various diseases. Some Chinese herbal feed additives contain a variety of natural plant extracts, which can enhance the immune function of animals and promote the normal metabolism of the body.

[0084] Chinese herbal feed additives can promote the growth and development of animals and improve feed conversion rate without increasing feed costs. Some Chinese herbal feed additives contain growth hormone substances, which can promote the growth and development of animals and make them gain weight faster.

[0085] Chinese herbal feed additives can reduce the incidence of animal diseases, reduce treatment costs and mortality. Many Chinese herbal feed additives contain antibacterial and bactericidal ingredients that can prevent diseases. In addition, some Chinese herbal feed additives can also improve the intestinal environment of animals and reduce the risk of infection.

[0086] Chinese herbal feed additives can improve the safety of feed and reduce the occurrence of adverse reactions and drug resistance. When added in small amounts, Chinese herbal feed additives have no adverse effects on animals and can even promote health.

[0087] As feed additives, Chinese herbal medicines have the characteristics of no residue, no drug resistance and no pollution. Long-term use will not cause drug resistance, has little toxic side effects, and will not pollute the environment.

[0088] However, the effective ingredients of Chinese herbal medicines are complex, and their efficacy is affected by many factors, such as climate, soil, picking time, etc., which makes their effects unstable; the composition of Chinese herbal medicines is complex, and it is difficult to accurately control the content and proportion of their effective ingredients, which may cause the effects to be less stable than chemical synthetic additives; the production of Chinese herbal medicines requires a high level of technology and strict quality control, otherwise it may affect its efficacy and safety.

[0089] The strains of lactic acid bacteria, bifidobacterium, Bacillus coagulans, Bacillus subtilis, yeast and Clostridium butyricum used in the specific embodiment of the present invention are all purchased from the China Industrial Microbiological Culture Collection Center, among which the product number of lactic acid bacteria is CICC B0321, the product number of bifidobacterium is CICC B0312, the product number of Bacillus coagulans is CICC20138, the product number of Bacillus subtilis is CICC 10732, the product number of yeast is CICC 1301, and the product number of Clostridium butyricum is CICC 23847.

[0090] The preparation methods of lactic acid bacteria, bifidobacteria, Bacillus coagulans, Bacillus subtilis, yeast and Clostridium butyricum used in the specific embodiments of the present invention are as follows:

[0091] Lactobacillus, Bifidobacterium, Bacillus coagulans, Bacillus subtilis, yeast, and Clostridium butyricum were inoculated into liquid culture medium for activation culture and fermentation culture, and the bacterial counts were 1.0×10 9 cfu / mL of lactic acid bacteria solution, Bifidobacterium solution, Bacillus coagulans solution, Bacillus subtilis solution, yeast solution, and Clostridium butyricum solution.

[0092] The composition of the liquid culture medium: peptone 5.0 g / L, beef extract 3.0 g / L and sodium chloride 5.0 g / L, pH 7.0; moist heat sterilization for 20 minutes.

[0093] The molecular weight of the polyvinyl alcohol used in the specific embodiment of the present invention is 10,000-30,000, and the molecular weight of the polyacrylic acid is 2,000.

[0094] Example 1

[0095] A method for preparing pellet feed by post-spraying of feed additives:

[0096] (1) A feed additive, comprising the following raw materials in parts by weight: 4.5 parts of nanoporous activated carbon, 0.6 parts of probiotics, 3 parts of vanilla powder (particle size 100 mesh), 1.5 parts of orange peel oil, 1.2 parts of citrus peel extract, 0.6 parts of seaweed extract, 1.5 parts of polyvinyl alcohol and 6 parts of polyacrylic acid.

[0097] (2) Preparation of nanoporous activated carbon

[0098] A. Dry the corn stalks and crush them to obtain corn stalk powder.

[0099] B. Mix zinc chloride, deionized water and concentrated hydrochloric acid in a mass ratio of 1:25:0.15 to obtain a zinc chloride solution.

[0100] C. Add corn straw powder into zinc chloride solution (the mass ratio of corn straw powder to zinc chloride solution is 1:3), immerse for 18 hours, and dry to obtain pretreated straw.

[0101] D. The pretreated straw, zeolite powder and potassium carbonate were stirred and mixed evenly in a mass ratio of 1:0.5:0.3, and pressed into round particles with a thickness of 5 mm and a diameter of 20 mm using a tablet press.

[0102] E. The particles were carbonized under nitrogen atmosphere (carbonization temperature was 650°C for 3 h) and then ball-milled to obtain nanoporous activated carbon with a particle size of 10 to 30 nm.

[0103] (3) Probiotics, comprising the following components in parts by weight: a bacterial content of 1.0×10 9 cfu / mL of lactic acid bacteria solution, containing 1.0×109 cfu / mL of Bifidobacterium liquid, containing 1.0×10 9 cfu / mL of Bacillus coagulans culture solution and 1.0×10 9 5 copies of Bacillus subtilis bacterial liquid with a concentration of cfu / mL.

[0104] (4) Preparation of orange peel oil

[0105] The orange peel with white fibers removed was soaked in a mixed solution of water, sodium citrate and calcium chloride for 3 hours and then cold-pressed using a screw press (temperature 50°C, crushing degree 0.3-0.4 cm) to obtain a crude extract;

[0106] The crude extract was centrifuged (rotation speed was 8000 r / min, centrifugation was 10 min) and then distilled under reduced pressure (pressure was 50 Pa, temperature was 80° C.) to obtain orange peel oil.

[0107] Among them, the mass ratio of orange peel to the mixed solution is 1:4; the mixed solution is composed of water, sodium citrate and calcium chloride in a mass ratio of 99:0.4:0.4.

[0108] (5) Preparation of citrus peel extract

[0109] The citrus peel is dried and crushed into 10 meshes to obtain citrus peel particles;

[0110] The citrus peel particles were mixed with an ethanol solution having a concentration of 70 vol.% (the ratio of the citrus peel particles to the ethanol solution was 1 g: 2 mL), and the mixture was heated under reflux for 2 h to obtain a crude extract;

[0111] The crude extract was extracted three times with an equal volume of petroleum ether to obtain an extract;

[0112] The solvent in the extract is removed to obtain the citrus peel extract.

[0113] (6) Preparation of seaweed extract

[0114] After drying the seaweed, crush it into 100 meshes to obtain seaweed powder;

[0115] The seaweed powder and water were mixed in a mass ratio of 1:8 and then subjected to ultra-high pressure extraction (pressure of 300 MPa, temperature of 60°C, and holding time of 8 min) to obtain a crude extract;

[0116] The crude extract was concentrated 20 times to obtain a concentrated solution;

[0117] The concentrate and anhydrous ethanol were mixed in a volume ratio of 1:5 for alcohol precipitation, filtered and dried to obtain the seaweed extract.

[0118] (7) Preparation of feed additives

[0119] According to the amount used in step (1), 0.6 parts of probiotics were added to 60 mL of liquid culture medium and cultured for 48 hours (culture temperature was 37° C.), then 4.5 parts of the nanoporous activated carbon prepared in step (2) were added, and cultured for another 24 hours (culture temperature was 37° C.), and filtered to obtain additive A;

[0120] According to the amounts used in step (1), 3 parts of vanilla powder, 1.5 parts of orange peel oil, 1.2 parts of citrus peel extract, 0.6 parts of seaweed extract, 3 parts of polyvinyl alcohol and 2.5 parts of polyacrylic acid were mixed uniformly to obtain additive B.

[0121] Additive A and additive B constitute feed additives.

[0122] Example 2

[0123] A method for preparing pellet feed by post-spraying of feed additives:

[0124] (1) A feed additive, comprising the following raw materials in parts by weight: 4 parts of nanoporous activated carbon, 0.8 parts of probiotics, 4 parts of vanilla powder (particle size 100 mesh), 1.5 parts of orange peel oil, 0.8 parts of citrus peel extract, 0.8 parts of seaweed extract, 2 parts of polyvinyl alcohol and 4 parts of polyacrylic acid.

[0125] (2) Preparation of nanoporous activated carbon

[0126] A. Dry the corn stalks and crush them to obtain corn stalk powder.

[0127] B. Mix zinc chloride, deionized water and concentrated hydrochloric acid in a mass ratio of 1:25:0.15 to obtain a zinc chloride solution.

[0128] C. Add corn straw powder into zinc chloride solution (the mass ratio of corn straw powder to zinc chloride solution is 1:4), immerse for 20 hours, and dry to obtain pretreated straw.

[0129] D. The pretreated straw, zeolite powder and potassium carbonate were stirred and mixed evenly in a mass ratio of 1:0.5:0.3, and pressed into round particles with a thickness of 5 mm and a diameter of 20 mm using a tablet press.

[0130] E. The particles were carbonized under nitrogen atmosphere (carbonization temperature was 700°C, time was 2 h) and then ball-milled to obtain nanoporous activated carbon with a particle size of 10 to 30 nm.

[0131] (3) Probiotics, comprising the following components in parts by weight: a bacterial content of 1.0×10 9 5 portions of lactic acid bacteria solution with a bacterial count of 1.0×10 cfu / mL 9 cfu / mL of Bifidobacterium liquid, containing 1.0×109 cfu / mL of Bacillus coagulans culture solution and 1.0×10 9 5 copies of Bacillus subtilis bacterial liquid with cfu / mL.

[0132] (4) Preparation of orange peel oil

[0133] The preparation method is the same as Example 1.

[0134] (5) Preparation of citrus peel extract

[0135] The preparation method is the same as Example 1.

[0136] (6) Preparation of seaweed extract

[0137] The preparation method is the same as Example 1.

[0138] (7) Preparation of feed additives

[0139] The preparation method is the same as Example 1.

[0140] Example 3

[0141] A method for preparing pellet feed by post-spraying of feed additives:

[0142] (1) A feed additive, comprising the following raw materials in parts by weight: 5 parts of nanoporous activated carbon, 0.5 parts of probiotics, 3 parts of vanilla powder (particle size 100 mesh), 1 part of orange peel oil, 1.0 part of citrus peel extract, 0.5 parts of seaweed extract, 1.5 parts of polyvinyl alcohol and 6 parts of polyacrylic acid.

[0143] (2) Preparation of nanoporous activated carbon

[0144] A. Dry the corn stalks and crush them to obtain corn stalk powder.

[0145] B. Mix zinc chloride, deionized water and concentrated hydrochloric acid in a mass ratio of 1:25:0.15 to obtain a zinc chloride solution.

[0146] C. Add corn straw powder into zinc chloride solution (the mass ratio of corn straw powder to zinc chloride solution is 1:4), immerse for 16 hours, and dry to obtain pretreated straw.

[0147] D. The pretreated straw, zeolite powder and potassium carbonate were stirred and mixed evenly in a mass ratio of 1:0.5:0.3, and pressed into round particles with a thickness of 5 mm and a diameter of 20 mm using a tablet press.

[0148] E. The particles were carbonized under a nitrogen atmosphere (the carbonization temperature was 600°C for 3 hours) and then ball-milled to obtain nanoporous activated carbon with a particle size of 10 to 30 nm.

[0149] (3) Probiotics, comprising the following components in parts by weight: a bacterial content of 1.0×10 9 cfu / mL of lactic acid bacteria solution, containing 1.0×10 9 cfu / mL of Bifidobacterium liquid, containing 1.0×10 9 cfu / mL of Bacillus coagulans culture solution and 1.0×10 9 cfu / mL of Bacillus subtilis culture solution.

[0150] (4) Preparation of orange peel oil

[0151] The preparation method is the same as that of Example 1.

[0152] (5) Preparation of citrus peel extract

[0153] The preparation method is the same as that of Example 1.

[0154] (6) Preparation of seaweed extract

[0155] The preparation method is the same as that of Example 1.

[0156] (7) Preparation of feed additives

[0157] The preparation method is the same as that of Example 1.

[0158] Comparative Example 1

[0159] Same as Example 1, except that the orange peel oil was replaced with olive oil (commercially available) of equal mass.

[0160] Comparative Example 2

[0161] The same as Example 1, except that the feed additive does not contain vanilla powder and orange peel oil.

[0162] Comparative Example 3

[0163] Same as Example 1, except that the citrus peel extract is replaced by blueberry extract.

[0164] Preparation of blueberry extract:

[0165] The blueberries are dried and crushed into 10 meshes to obtain blueberry particles;

[0166] The blueberry particles were mixed with an ethanol solution having a concentration of 70 vol.% (the ratio of blueberry particles to ethanol solution was 1 g: 2 mL), and the mixture was heated under reflux for 2 h to obtain a crude extract;

[0167] The crude extract was extracted three times with an equal volume of petroleum ether to obtain an extract;

[0168] The solvent in the extract is removed to obtain a blueberry extract.

[0169] Comparative Example 4

[0170] Same as Example 1, except that the feed additive does not contain citrus peel extract and seaweed extract.

[0171] Comparative Example 5

[0172] The same as Example 1, except that the bacterial content was 1.0×10 9 cfu / mL of Bifidobacterium solution was replaced with a solution containing 1.0×10 9 cfu / mL yeast culture solution, the bacterial content is 1.0×10 9 cfu / mL of Bacillus subtilis solution was replaced with a solution containing 1.0×10 9 cfu / mL of Clostridium butyricum solution.

[0173] Comparative Example 6

[0174] The same as Example 1, except that the feed additive is prepared by uniformly mixing all raw materials according to the amounts in step (1) to obtain the feed additive.

[0175] Example 4

[0176] A method for preparing pellet feed by post-spraying of feed additives:

[0177] (1) Add the additives B prepared in Examples 1 to 3 and Comparative Examples 1 to 5 to water and disperse them uniformly, then add the additive A (the mass ratio of the feed additive (i.e., additive B + additive A) to water is 1:5), and disperse them uniformly to obtain an additive solution.

[0178] Take feed (Charoen Pokphand Feed 510 and Charoen Pokphand Feed 511, feed Charoen Pokphand Feed 510 from 14 days to 21 days old, feed CHARADE Feed 511 from 22 days to 28 days old), spray the additive solution at a mass ratio of 1:50 between the feed additive and the feed, and after drying (drying temperature is 40°C), spray the additive solution again at a mass ratio of 1:50 between the feed additive and the feed, and after drying (drying temperature is 40°C), obtain a granular feed with a feed additive addition ratio of 4wt.%.

[0179] (2) The feed additive prepared in Comparative Example 6 was added to water and dispersed evenly (the mass ratio of the feed additive to water was 1:5) to obtain an additive solution.

[0180] Take feed (Charoen Pokphand Feed 510 and Charoen Pokphand Feed 511, feed Charoen Pokphand Feed 510 from 14 days to 21 days old, feed CHARADE Feed 511 from 22 days to 28 days old), spray the additive solution at a mass ratio of 1:50 between the feed additive and the feed, and after drying (drying temperature is 40°C), spray the additive solution again at a mass ratio of 1:50 between the feed additive and the feed, and after drying (drying temperature is 40°C), obtain a granular feed with a feed additive addition ratio of 4wt.%.

[0181] The pelleted feed with added feed additives prepared in this embodiment was fed to 14-day-old yellow-feathered broilers (medium-speed type), and a group without feed additives was used as a comparison. 200 chickens were fed for each treatment (4 replicates, 50 chickens in each replicate), 15 g / chicken was fed at 14 to 21 days of age, and 50 g / chicken was fed at 21 to 28 days of age. After feeding for 14 days, the average daily weight gain and mortality of the chickens were calculated. No disease prevention drugs were fed during this period. The results are shown in Table 1.

[0182] Table 1 Average daily weight gain and mortality of chickens

[0183] Grouping Average daily weight gain (g / day) mortality rate(%) Granular feed with feed additive prepared in Example 1 24.5 0 Granular feed with feed additive prepared in Example 2 24.1 0 Granular feed with feed additive prepared in Example 3 24.3 0 Granular feed with feed additive prepared in Comparative Example 1 23.8 0 Granular feed with feed additive prepared in Comparative Example 2 22.4 1 Granular feed with feed additive prepared in Comparative Example 3 23.5 1 Granular feed with feed additive prepared in Comparative Example 4 21.9 2 Granular feed with feed additive prepared in Comparative Example 5 23.4 1 Granular feed with feed additive prepared in Comparative Example 6 21.3 2 No feed additives 19.8 7

[0184] Example 5

[0185] The same as Example 4, except that the feed is Zhengda Feed 548 and Zhengda Feed 549. Zhengda Feed 548 is fed to pigs from 14 days to 21 days old, and Zhengda Feed 549 is fed to pigs from 22 days to 28 days old.

[0186] The pelleted feed with feed additives prepared in this example was fed to 14-day-old Beijing ducks, and a group without feed additives was used as a comparison. Each treatment was fed with 200 ducks (4 replicates, 50 ducks in each replicate), and the feed feeding amount was 3% of the duck body weight. After feeding for 14 days, the average daily weight gain and mortality of the ducks were calculated. No disease prevention drugs were fed during this period. The results are shown in Table 2.

[0187] Table 2 Average daily weight gain and mortality of ducks

[0188] Grouping Average daily weight gain (g / day) mortality rate(%) Granular feed with feed additive prepared in Example 1 112.6 0 Granular feed with feed additive prepared in Example 2 111.8 0 Granular feed with feed additive prepared in Example 3 112.1 0 Granular feed with feed additive prepared in Comparative Example 1 111.2 0 Granular feed with feed additive prepared in Comparative Example 2 109.4 0 Granular feed with feed additive prepared in Comparative Example 3 108.1 1 Granular feed with feed additive prepared in Comparative Example 4 104.8 3 Granular feed with feed additive prepared in Comparative Example 5 105.9 2 Granular feed with feed additive prepared in Comparative Example 6 103.3 3 No feed additives 95.6 8

[0189] It can be seen from Table 1 and Table 2 that adding the feed additive of the present invention to feed can promote the growth of chickens and ducks and reduce the mortality rate of chickens and ducks.

[0190] Example 6

[0191] (1) Add the additives B prepared in Examples 1 to 3 and Comparative Examples 1 to 5 to water and disperse them uniformly, then add the additive A (the mass ratio of the feed additive (i.e., additive B + additive A) to water is 1:5), and disperse them uniformly to obtain an additive solution.

[0192] Take feed (granular feed of yellow catfish, purchased from Tongwei Feed), spray the additive solution at a ratio of 1:50 between the mass ratio of feed additive and feed, and spray the additive solution again at a ratio of 1:50 between the mass ratio of feed additive and feed after drying (drying temperature is 40°C), and obtain a granular feed with a feed additive addition ratio of 4wt.% after drying (drying temperature is 40°C).

[0193] (2) The feed additive prepared in Comparative Example 6 was added to water and dispersed evenly (the mass ratio of the feed additive to water was 1:5) to obtain an additive solution.

[0194] Take feed (granular feed of yellow catfish, purchased from Tongwei Feed), spray the additive solution at a ratio of 1:50 between the mass ratio of feed additive and feed, and spray the additive solution again at a ratio of 1:50 between the mass ratio of feed additive and feed after drying (drying temperature is 40°C), and obtain a granular feed with a feed additive addition ratio of 4wt.% after drying (drying temperature is 40°C).

[0195] The granular feed with added feed additives prepared in this embodiment was used to feed yellow catfish with an average body weight of 20±0.5g, and a group without feed additives was used as a comparison. Each treatment was fed with 50 yellow catfish (4 replicates, 50 in each replicate), and the feed feeding amount was 4% of the body weight of the yellow catfish. After feeding for 8 weeks, the final body weight of the yellow catfish was weighed, and the mortality of the yellow catfish was counted. No disease prevention drugs were fed during this period. The results are shown in Table 3.

[0196] Table 3 Average weight and mortality of yellow catfish

[0197] Grouping Average final weight (g / tail) mortality rate(%) Granular feed with feed additive prepared in Example 1 60.5 0 Granular feed with feed additive prepared in Example 2 59.9 0 Granular feed with feed additive prepared in Example 3 60.2 0 Granular feed with feed additive prepared in Comparative Example 1 58.8 0 Granular feed with feed additive prepared in Comparative Example 2 57.7 1 Granular feed with feed additive prepared in Comparative Example 3 59.2 0 Granular feed with feed additive prepared in Comparative Example 4 56.4 3 Granular feed with feed additive prepared in Comparative Example 5 58.3 1 Granular feed with feed additive prepared in Comparative Example 6 57.1 2 No feed additives 50.3 7

[0198] The embodiments described above are only descriptions of the preferred modes of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Without departing from the design spirit of the present invention, various modifications and improvements made to the technical solutions of the present invention by ordinary technicians in this field should all fall within the protection scope determined by the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A feed additive, characterized in that: Including the following raw materials by mass: 4-5 parts of nanoporous activated carbon, 0.5-0.8 parts of probiotics, 3-4 parts of vanilla powder, 1-1.5 parts of orange peel oil, 0.8-1.2 parts of citrus peel extract, 0.5-0.8 parts of seaweed extract, 1.5-2 parts of polyvinyl alcohol and 4-6 parts of polyacrylic acid.

2. The feed additive according to claim 1, characterized in that The method for preparing the nanoporous activated carbon comprises the following steps: adding straw powder into zinc chloride solution, impregnating, and drying to obtain pretreated straw; The pretreated straw, zeolite powder and potassium carbonate are mixed evenly and pressed into pellets; The particles are carbonized under an inert atmosphere and then ball-milled to obtain the nanoporous activated carbon.

3. The feed additive according to claim 2, characterized in that The zinc chloride solution is composed of zinc chloride, water and concentrated hydrochloric acid in a mass ratio of 1:25:0.15; and / or, the mass ratio of the straw powder to the zinc chloride solution is 1:(3-4); And / or, the immersion time is 16 to 20 hours; And / or, the mass ratio of the pretreated straw, zeolite powder and potassium carbonate is 1:0.5:0.3; And / or, the carbonization temperature is 600-700°C and the time is 2-3h; And / or, the particle size of the nanoporous activated carbon is 10 to 30 nm.

4. The feed additive according to claim 1, characterized in that The probiotics include the following components in parts by weight: 3-5 parts of lactic acid bacteria, 1-2 parts of bifidobacteria, 4-6 parts of bacillus coagulans and 4-5 parts of bacillus subtilis.

5. The feed additive according to claim 1, characterized in that The preparation method of the orange peel oil comprises the following steps: The orange peel is soaked in a mixed solution of water, sodium citrate and calcium chloride and then cold-pressed to obtain a crude extract; The crude extract is centrifuged and then distilled under reduced pressure to obtain the orange peel oil.

6. The feed additive according to claim 1, characterized in that The preparation method of the citrus peel extract comprises the following steps: The citrus peel is crushed and mixed with an ethanol solution, and refluxed for extraction to obtain a crude extract; Extracting the crude extract with petroleum ether 2 to 3 times to obtain an extract; The solvent in the extract is removed to obtain the citrus peel extract.

7. The feed additive according to claim 1, characterized in that The method for preparing the seaweed extract comprises the following steps: The seaweed is crushed and then water is added to perform ultra-high pressure extraction to obtain a crude extract; The crude extract is concentrated, precipitated with alcohol, filtered and dried to obtain the seaweed extract.

8. A method for preparing the feed additive according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: The probiotics are added to the liquid culture medium and cultured for 36 to 48 hours, then the nanoporous activated carbon is added, and the culture is continued for 24 hours, and then filtered to obtain additive A; The remaining raw materials are mixed evenly to obtain additive B; The additive A and the additive B constitute the feed additive.

9. A method for preparing pelleted feed by post-spraying of feed additives, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Add the additive B in the feed additive of claim 8 to water and disperse it evenly, then add the additive A and disperse it evenly to obtain an additive solution; The additive solution is sprayed on the surface of the granular feed, and after low-temperature drying, the additive solution is sprayed again to obtain the granular feed.

10. The method according to claim 9, wherein the mass ratio of the feed additive to the feed is 1:25.