Rehabilitation protection device used after skin flap operation

Abstract

The invention provides a skin flap postoperative rehabilitation protection device, and relates to the field of skin flap postoperative rehabilitation, the skin flap postoperative rehabilitation protection device comprises a rehabilitation frame, a first limiting plate and a second limiting plate are arranged on the rehabilitation frame, two arc-shaped shells are arranged on the rehabilitation frame between the first limiting plate and the second limiting plate, and a traction mechanism is assembled between the two arc-shaped shells; the traction mechanism comprises an annular foot pad in sliding fit with the outer surfaces of the two arc-shaped shells. Any traction handrail is horizontally pushed and pulled to drive the annular foot pad to slide along the outer surfaces of the two arc-shaped shells, the annular foot pad rotates relative to the rehabilitation frame, it is guaranteed that the feet of a patient are suspended, meanwhile, the requirement for turning over is met, and the patient can turn over or lie on one side conveniently; the arrangement of the traction handrails on the two sides is also beneficial for the patient to use during independent recuperation, two clamping blocks are clamped and matched with clamping grooves formed in the bottoms of two clamping plates respectively, so that the traction mechanism is stable, and the annular foot pad is prevented from rotating relative to the rehabilitation frame.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the field of rehabilitation after skin flap surgery, and in particular to a rehabilitation protection device after skin flap surgery. Background Art

[0002] A skin flap is formed by a piece of skin with a blood supply and its attached subcutaneous fat tissue. Skin flap transplantation is the transfer of a tissue block composed of skin and subcutaneous tissue, namely a skin flap, from one part of the body to another in a pedicled or free manner to achieve the purpose of repairing wounds or organ reconstruction. After skin flap transplantation, especially in the heel and Achilles tendon area, prone and lateral positions are usually adopted clinically to protect the skin flap and pedicle from pressure for more than a week. The patient is very uncomfortable and the risk of skin flap damage is also very high. For this reason, some doctors use the calcaneal traction method to suspend the heel and calf. Calcaneous traction is accomplished by passing a Kirschner wire through the back of the calcaneus and connecting it to the pulley system on the rehabilitation protection device.

[0003] After flap transplantation, the effect of suspending the heel and calf by calcaneal traction is limited. The thigh part of the lower limb can move with force, but the calf part is affected by the calcaneal traction and cannot move or turn over, which also limits functional exercise. Therefore, a rehabilitation protection device for flap surgery is designed, which can suspend the heel and meet the need of turning over. Summary of the invention

[0004] 1. Technical issues to be resolved

[0005] In view of the deficiencies in the prior art, the present invention provides a rehabilitation protection device for flap surgery, which solves the problem that after the prior art flap transplantation, the heel and calf are suspended in the air using the calcaneal traction method, which has limited effect. At this time, the calf part is affected by the calcaneal traction and cannot move or turn over, which also limits the functional training.

[0006] (II) Technical solution

[0007] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention is implemented through the following technical solutions: a rehabilitation protection device for skin flap surgery, comprising a rehabilitation frame, on which a first limit plate and a second limit plate are arranged, and two arc-shaped outer shells are arranged on the rehabilitation frame between the first limit plate and the second limit plate, and a traction mechanism is installed between the two arc-shaped outer shells.

[0008] The traction mechanism includes an annular foot pad that slides with the outer surfaces of the two arc-shaped shells, a traction cloth bag is provided at the outer bottom of the annular foot pad, a traction rod that slides with a side surface of the first limiting plate is provided in the traction cloth bag, an L-shaped traction plate is fixed to one end of the traction rod, and a first threaded rod is threadedly rotated on one side of the L-shaped traction plate.

[0009] Circular rotating plates are fixed at both ends of the first threaded rod, and traction cylinders are fixed on opposite sides of the two circular rotating plates. An annular traction inclined frame is slidably matched on the circumferential side of the traction cylinder. A rectangular column is fixed on the outer surface of the annular traction inclined frame, and a traction handrail is fixed at one end of the rectangular column.

[0010] Preferably, two baffles rotatably matched with the first threaded rod are fixed between the two circular rotating plates on the rehabilitation frame.

[0011] A first horizontal sliding block is fixed to one side of the L-shaped traction plate, and the first horizontal sliding block is slidably matched with the second limiting plate.

[0012] Preferably, a support rod is fixed on the rehabilitation frame.

[0013] The rehabilitation frame is rotatably equipped with an oblique support frame located on one side of the support rod, a first connecting frame and a second connecting frame are fixed in sequence below the oblique support frame, and an outer surface of the oblique support frame is wrapped with an oblique support pad.

[0014] The outer surface of the annular foot pad is provided with an anti-slip strip, and the diagonal support pad is less smooth than the outer surface of the annular foot pad.

[0015] Preferably, two card plates are fixed on the rehabilitation frame, and a plurality of card slots are provided at the bottom of the two card plates.

[0016] Two elastic springs are fixed on the outer top of the annular traction oblique frame, and blocks are fixed on the tops of the two elastic springs. A sleeve is fixed on the outer top of the annular traction oblique frame and inside the two elastic springs. A sliding rod that slides with the top of the sleeve is fixed on the bottom of the block.

[0017] The card block is engaged with the card slot.

[0018] Preferably, the rehabilitation frame is equipped with a horizontal mechanism, which includes two second threaded rods rotatably matched with the rehabilitation frame, the first bevel gears are fixed to the peripheral side surfaces of the two second threaded rods, the second bevel gears are meshed with the peripheral side surfaces of the two first bevel gears, a center rod rotatably matched with the rehabilitation frame is fixed at the center position between the two second bevel gears, and a slave transmission wheel is fixed to the peripheral side surface of the center rod.

[0019] The horizontal mechanism also includes a servo motor fixedly mounted on the rehabilitation frame, the output end of the servo motor is fixedly connected to a main transmission wheel, and a transmission chain is provided between the main transmission wheel and the slave transmission wheel.

[0020] Preferably, the peripheral side surfaces of the two second threaded rods are threadedly rotated to cooperate with the traction cylinder, a second horizontal sliding block is fixed to the outer bottom of the traction cylinder, and a horizontal support frame is fixed between the two traction cylinders.

[0021] The top of the rehabilitation frame is provided with limiting grooves slidably matched with the second horizontal sliding blocks below the two second threaded rods, and a bevel frame is fixed on the side of the rehabilitation frame away from the diagonal support frame.

[0022] Preferably, a first sling wheel is fixedly mounted on the top of the horizontal support frame.

[0023] A second sling wheel is fixedly installed on the top of the bevel frame.

[0024] A positioning block is provided on one side of the rehabilitation frame, and a traction rope is provided on the top of the positioning block, which slides with the first sling wheel and the second sling wheel in sequence. One end of the traction rope is located above the annular foot pad and a calcaneal traction frame is fixed thereto. The distance between the calcaneal traction frame and the edge of the annular foot pad close to the traction rope is greater than 20 cm.

[0025] (III) Beneficial effects

[0026] The present invention provides a rehabilitation protection device for flap surgery, which has the following beneficial effects:

[0027] 1. In the present invention, by horizontally pushing and pulling the traction handrail fixed at one end of any rectangular column, the traction rod is driven to move horizontally between the first limit plate and the second limit plate, and the annular foot pad is driven to slide along the outer surfaces of the two arc-shaped shells, so that the annular foot pad is rotated relative to the rehabilitation frame, which not only ensures that the patient's feet are suspended in the air but also meets the need of turning over, making it convenient for the patient to turn over or lie on his side. The setting of the traction handrails on both sides is also conducive to the use of the patient when recuperating alone.

[0028] 2. In the present invention, when the pushing and pulling of the traction handrail is stopped, the two clamping blocks are respectively engaged with the clamping grooves provided at the bottom of the two clamping plates, so that the traction mechanism is stabilized and the annular foot pad is prevented from rotating relative to the rehabilitation frame.

[0029] 3. In the present invention, by driving the horizontal support frame fixed on the top of the two traction cylinders to move horizontally relative to the rehabilitation frame, the triangular shape formed by the horizontal support frame, the traction rope end close to the calcaneal traction frame and the rehabilitation frame is changed, and the force adjustment of the patient's calcaneal traction frame end at different angles is achieved when the horizontal support frame is moved, thereby improving the patient's rehabilitation experience and rehabilitation efficiency. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0030] Figure 1 It is a structural schematic diagram of a post-operative rehabilitation protection device for skin flap according to the present invention;

[0031] Figure 2 for Figure 1 The enlarged schematic diagram of point A in the middle;

[0032] Figure 3 for Figure 1 The enlarged schematic diagram of point B in the middle;

[0033] Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of another angle of a rehabilitation protection device for flap surgery according to the present invention;

[0034] Figure 5 for Figure 4 The enlarged schematic diagram of the center C;

[0035] Figure 6 for Figure 4 The enlarged schematic diagram of point D in the middle;

[0036] Figure 7 is a structural diagram of a rehabilitation frame;

[0037] Figure 8 It is a structural schematic diagram of the traction mechanism;

[0038] Fig. 9 for Figure 8 The enlarged schematic diagram of point E in the middle;

[0039] Fig.10 for Figure 8 The enlarged schematic diagram of F in the middle;

[0040] Fig.11 It is a structural diagram of the horizontal mechanism.

[0041] Among them, 1. rehabilitation frame; 2. traction mechanism; 3. horizontal mechanism; 101. first limit plate; 102. second limit plate; 103. arc-shaped shell; 104. baffle; 105. support rod; 106. diagonal support frame; 107. first connecting frame; 108. second connecting frame; 109. diagonal support pad; 110. card plate; 111. card slot; 112. limit slot; 113. bevel frame; 114. second sling wheel; 115. positioning block; 116. traction rope; 117. calcaneal traction frame; 201. annular foot pad; 202. traction bag; 203. traction rod; 204. L shaped traction plate; 205, first threaded rod; 206, circular rotating plate; 207, traction cylinder; 208, annular traction inclined frame; 209, rectangular column; 210, traction handrail; 211, first horizontal slider; 212, elastic spring; 213, block; 301, second threaded rod; 302, first bevel gear; 303, center rod; 304, slave transmission wheel; 305, servo motor; 306, main transmission wheel; 307, transmission chain; 308, traction cylinder; 309, second horizontal slider; 310, horizontal support frame; 311, first sling wheel; 312, second bevel gear. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0042] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0043] Embodiment 1:

[0044] like Figure 1-Figure 11 As shown, an embodiment of the present invention provides a rehabilitation protection device for flap surgery, including a rehabilitation frame 1, on which a first limiting plate 101 and a second limiting plate 102 are arranged, and two arc-shaped shells 103 are arranged on the rehabilitation frame 1 between the first limiting plate 101 and the second limiting plate 102, and a traction mechanism 2 is installed between the two arc-shaped shells 103; the traction mechanism 2 includes an annular foot pad 201 that slidably cooperates with the outer surfaces of the two arc-shaped shells 103, and a traction cloth bag 202 is arranged at the outer bottom of the annular foot pad 201, and the traction cloth bag 202 is arranged inside A traction rod 203 is slidably engaged with one side of the first limiting plate 101, and an L-shaped traction plate 204 is fixed at one end of the traction rod 203, and a first threaded rod 205 is threadedly engaged with one side of the L-shaped traction plate 204; circular rotating plates 206 are fixed at both ends of the first threaded rod 205, and traction cylinders 207 are fixed on the opposite sides of the two circular rotating plates 206, and an annular traction oblique frame 208 is slidably engaged with the side surface of the traction cylinder 207, and a rectangular column 209 is fixed on the outer surface of the annular traction oblique frame 208, and a traction handrail 210 is fixed at one end of the rectangular column 209.

[0045] Specifically, two baffles 104 rotatably cooperated with the first threaded rod 205 are fixed between the two circular rotating plates 206 on the rehabilitation frame 1; a first horizontal slider 211 is fixed to one side of the L-shaped traction plate 204, and the first horizontal slider 211 is slidably cooperated with the second limit plate 102; a support rod 105 is fixed to the rehabilitation frame 1; a diagonal support frame 106 is rotatably cooperated with on one side of the support rod 105 on the rehabilitation frame 1, and a first connecting frame 107 and a second connecting frame 108 are fixed in sequence below the diagonal support frame 106, and the outer surface of the diagonal support frame 106 is wrapped with a diagonal support pad 109; the outer surface of the annular foot pad 201 is provided with an anti-slip strip, and the diagonal support pad 109 is less smooth than the outer surface of the annular foot pad 201.

[0046] Furthermore, two clamping plates 110 are fixed on the rehabilitation frame 1, and a plurality of clamping grooves 111 are provided at the bottom of the two clamping plates 110; two elastic springs 212 are fixed to the outer top of the annular traction inclined frame 208, and a clamping block 213 is fixed to the top of the two elastic springs 212; a sleeve is fixed to the outer top of the annular traction inclined frame 208, and a sliding rod that slides with the top of the sleeve is fixed to the bottom of the clamping block 213; the clamping block 213 is clamped and matched with the clamping groove 111.

[0047] The operation process of this embodiment is as follows: the patient's thigh that has undergone flap surgery lies on the device, wherein the inner side of the patient's knee joint is located at the position of the support rod 105, the outer surface of the support rod 105 is made of smooth stainless steel material, and the calf and foot lie on the annular foot pad 201 that slides with the outer surface of the two arc-shaped shells 103. The patient or the nurse pushes and pulls the traction handrail 210 fixed at one end of any rectangular column 209 horizontally. The annular traction inclined frame 208 is inclined, which drives the annular traction inclined frame 208 that slides with the traction cylinder 207 on one side of the circular rotating plate 206 to move horizontally. In this process, the two clamping blocks 213 are respectively squeezed with the multiple clamping grooves 111 opened at the bottom of the two clamping plates 110, so that the outer top of the annular traction inclined frame 208 and the bottom of the clamping block 213 are fixedly connected. The two elastic springs 212 connected are compressed, driving the traction cylinder 207 to rotate around the circular rotating plate 206, thereby driving the first threaded rod 205 fixed between the two circular rotating plates 206 to rotate relative to the rehabilitation frame 1. The rotation of the first threaded rod 205 drives the L-shaped traction plate 204 that rotates with the thread on the side surface of the first threaded rod 205 to move horizontally along the second limiting plate 102, driving the traction rod 203 to move horizontally between the first limiting plate 101 and the second limiting plate 102, wherein the traction rod 203 is tightly installed in the traction cloth bag 202 at the outer bottom of the annular foot pad 201. The horizontal movement of the traction rod 203 drives the annular foot pad 201 to slide along the outer surfaces of the two arc-shaped shells 103, thereby achieving the rotation of the annular foot pad 201 relative to the rehabilitation frame 1.

[0048] It not only ensures that the patient's feet are suspended in the air, but also meets the need of turning over, which is convenient for the patient to turn over or lie on his side. The setting of the traction armrests 210 on both sides is conducive to the use of patients when they are recuperating alone. In addition, the anti-slip strips arranged on the outer surface of the annular foot pad 201 further reduce the slippage between the body and the device during the turning process, and improve the stability of the device during the turning process; the two elastic springs 212 fixed on the top of the annular traction inclined frame 208 and the clamping blocks 213 fixed on the top of the two elastic springs 212 are all vertically arranged. After turning over, when the horizontal push and pull of the traction armrest 210 is stopped, the two clamping blocks 213 will respectively engage with the clamping grooves 111 opened at the bottom of the two clamping plates 110, so that the traction mechanism 2 is stable and the annular foot pad 201 is prevented from rotating relative to the rehabilitation frame 1.

[0049] Embodiment 2:

[0050] This embodiment is based on the first embodiment: a horizontal mechanism 3 is installed on the rehabilitation frame 1, and the horizontal mechanism 3 includes two second threaded rods 301 that are rotatably matched with the rehabilitation frame 1, the first bevel gears 302 are fixed to the side surfaces of the two second threaded rods 301, the second bevel gears 312 are meshed to the side surfaces of the two first bevel gears 302, a center rod 303 that is rotatably matched with the rehabilitation frame 1 is fixed to the center position between the two second bevel gears 312, and a slave transmission wheel 304 is fixed to the side surface of the center rod 303; the horizontal mechanism 3 also includes a servo motor 305 fixedly installed on the rehabilitation frame 1, the output end of the servo motor 305 is fixedly connected to the main transmission wheel 306, and a transmission chain 307 is used for transmission between the main transmission wheel 306 and the slave transmission wheel 304.

[0051] Specifically, the side surfaces of the two second threaded rods 301 are threadedly rotated to cooperate with the traction cylinder 308, a second horizontal slider 309 is fixed to the outer bottom of the traction cylinder 308, and a horizontal support frame 310 is fixed between the two traction cylinders 308; the top of the rehabilitation frame 1 is located below the two second threaded rods 301 and is provided with a limiting groove 112 that slides with the second horizontal slider 309, and an angled frame 113 is fixed to the side of the rehabilitation frame 1 away from the diagonal support frame 106.

[0052] Furthermore, a first sling wheel 311 is fixedly installed on the top of the horizontal support frame 310; a second sling wheel 114 is fixedly installed on the top of the bevel frame 113; a positioning block 115 is provided on one side of the rehabilitation frame 1, and a traction rope 116 is provided on the top of the positioning block 115, which is slidably matched with the first sling wheel 311 and the second sling wheel 114 in sequence, and one end of the traction rope 116 is located above the annular foot pad 201 and a calcaneal traction frame 117 is fixed thereto, and the distance between the calcaneal traction frame 117 and the edge of the annular foot pad 201 close to the traction rope 116 is greater than 20 cm.

[0053] The operation process of this embodiment is as follows: after the positioning block 115 fixed at one end of the traction rope 116 in the pulley system is placed on the ground, the traction rope 116 is slidably matched on the first sling wheel 311 and the second sling wheel 114 in sequence, and the other end of the traction rope 116 is connected to the patient's foot bone through the calcaneal traction frame 117. The distance between the traction point of the calcaneal traction frame 117 and the edge of the side of the annular foot pad 201 close to the traction rope 116 must be greater than 20 cm to properly complete the suspended rehabilitation protection. Before the doctor performs calcaneal traction on the patient's foot, the doctor starts the servo motor 305 fixedly installed on the rehabilitation frame 1, and drives the center rod 303 fixed in the center of the slave transmission wheel 304 through the transmission chain 307 that is matched with the transmission between the main transmission wheel 306 and the slave transmission wheel 304. The rotation, through the meshing cooperation of the first bevel gear 302 and the second bevel gear 312, drives the two center rods 303 to rotate in opposite directions at the same time, drives the two opposite second threaded rods 301 to rotate in opposite directions at the same time, drives the traction cylinder 308 with the side threads rotating around the two second threaded rods 301 to move horizontally away from or close to the diagonal support frame 106 at the same time, and achieves the horizontal support frame 310 fixed on the top of the two traction cylinders 308 to move horizontally relative to the rehabilitation frame 1, changes the triangular shape formed by the horizontal support frame 310, the traction rope 116 end close to the calcaneal traction frame 117 and the rehabilitation frame 1, and realizes the force adjustment of the patient's calcaneal traction frame 117 end at different angles when moving the horizontal support frame 310, thereby improving the patient's rehabilitation experience and rehabilitation efficiency.

[0054] Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and variations may be made to the embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the present invention, and that the scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A rehabilitation protection device for flap surgery, characterized in that: The rehabilitation frame (1) comprises a first limit plate (101) and a second limit plate (102) provided on the rehabilitation frame (1); two arc-shaped shells (103) are provided on the rehabilitation frame (1) between the first limit plate (101) and the second limit plate (102); a traction mechanism (2) is installed between the two arc-shaped shells (103); The traction mechanism (2) comprises an annular foot pad (201) slidably matched with the outer surfaces of the two arc-shaped shells (103); a traction bag (202) is arranged on the outer bottom of the annular foot pad (201); a traction rod (203) slidably matched with a side surface of the first limit plate (101) is arranged in the traction bag (202); an L-shaped traction plate (204) is fixed to one end of the traction rod (203); and a first threaded rod (205) is threadedly rotatably matched with one side of the L-shaped traction plate (204); Circular rotating plates (206) are fixed to both ends of the first threaded rod (205), traction cylinders (207) are fixed to opposite sides of the two circular rotating plates (206), an annular traction inclined frame (208) is slidably matched on the peripheral side of the traction cylinder (207), a rectangular column (209) is fixed to the outer surface of the annular traction inclined frame (208), and a traction handrail (210) is fixed to one end of the rectangular column (209).

2. The postoperative rehabilitation protection device for skin flap according to claim 1, characterized in that: Two baffles (104) are fixed between the two circular rotating plates (206) on the rehabilitation frame (1) and are rotatably matched with the first threaded rod (205); A first horizontal sliding block (211) is fixed to one side of the L-shaped traction plate (204), and the first horizontal sliding block (211) is slidably matched with the second limiting plate (102).

3. The postoperative rehabilitation protection device for skin flap according to claim 2, characterized in that: A support rod (105) is fixed on the rehabilitation frame (1); The rehabilitation frame (1) is rotatably equipped with an oblique support frame (106) located on one side of the support rod (105), a first connecting frame (107) and a second connecting frame (108) are fixed in sequence below the oblique support frame (106), and an outer surface of the oblique support frame (106) is wrapped with an oblique support pad (109); The outer surface of the annular foot pad (201) is provided with an anti-slip strip, and the diagonal support pad (109) is less smooth than the outer surface of the annular foot pad (201).

4. The postoperative rehabilitation protection device for skin flap according to claim 3, characterized in that: Two clamping plates (110) are fixed on the rehabilitation frame (1), and a plurality of clamping slots (111) are provided at the bottom of the two clamping plates (110); Two elastic springs (212) are fixed on the outer top of the annular traction oblique frame (208), and a clamping block (213) is fixed on the top of the two elastic springs (212). A sleeve is fixed on the outer top of the annular traction oblique frame (208) and inside the two elastic springs (212), and a sliding rod that slidably cooperates with the inner top of the sleeve is fixed on the bottom of the clamping block (213); The clamping block (213) is clamped and matched with the clamping slot (111).

5. The postoperative rehabilitation protection device for skin flap according to claim 4, characterized in that: The rehabilitation frame (1) is equipped with a horizontal mechanism (3), and the horizontal mechanism (3) includes two second threaded rods (301) that are rotatably matched with the rehabilitation frame (1), the first bevel gears (302) are fixed to the peripheral side surfaces of the two second threaded rods (301), the second bevel gears (312) are meshed to the peripheral side surfaces of the two first bevel gears (302), a center rod (303) that is rotatably matched with the rehabilitation frame (1) is fixed at the center position between the two second bevel gears (312), and a secondary transmission wheel (304) is fixed to the peripheral side surface of the center rod (303); The horizontal mechanism (3) further comprises a servo motor (305) fixedly mounted on the rehabilitation frame (1); an output end of the servo motor (305) is fixedly connected to a main transmission wheel (306); a transmission chain (307) is provided between the main transmission wheel (306) and the slave transmission wheel (304).

6. The postoperative rehabilitation protection device for skin flap according to claim 5, characterized in that: The lateral sides of the two second threaded rods (301) are threadedly rotatably matched with the traction cylinder (308), a second horizontal sliding block (309) is fixed to the outer bottom of the traction cylinder (308), and a horizontal support frame (310) is fixed between the two traction cylinders (308); The top of the rehabilitation frame (1) is provided with a limit groove (112) below the two second threaded rods (301) for slidingly cooperating with the second horizontal slider (309), and a diagonal frame (113) is fixed on the side of the rehabilitation frame (1) away from the diagonal support frame (106).

7. The postoperative rehabilitation protection device for skin flap according to claim 6, characterized in that: A first sling wheel (311) is fixedly mounted on the top of the horizontal support frame (310); A second sling wheel (114) is fixedly mounted on the top of the bevel frame (113); A positioning block (115) is provided on one side of the rehabilitation frame (1); a traction rope (116) is provided on the top of the positioning block (115) and is slidably matched with the first sling wheel (311) and the second sling wheel (114) in sequence; one end of the traction rope (116) is located above the annular foot pad (201) and is fixed with a calcaneal traction frame (117); the distance between the calcaneal traction frame (117) and the edge of the annular foot pad (201) close to the traction rope (116) is greater than 20 cm.

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