A device for profile on-machine measurement fitting and an adaptive efficient grinding method

Abstract

The application discloses a device based on contour in-situ measurement fitting and an adaptive efficient grinding method, and belongs to the technical field of part machining. The device comprises a grinding wheel contour measurement system for measuring and fitting the outer contour of a grinding wheel and an angle precision positioning system for measuring the contour, size and surface position of a part; firstly, the part is installed, the surface contour of the part is measured and fitted in-situ, and the included angle between the axis of the part and the spindle axis of a machine tool is calculated; secondly, the grinding wheel is installed and dynamic balance is adjusted; then, the working surface contour of the grinding wheel is measured and fitted in-situ, and the grinding wheel is shaped with minimum removal amount; finally, after adaptive grinding is carried out, the surface contour of the machined part is measured in-situ again, and whether the requirement is met is detected. The original contours of the part and the grinding wheel are measured in-situ, so that the problems of large volume removal of the part and long grinding wheel dressing time in the grinding process are solved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of parts processing technology, and relates to a device and an adaptive and efficient grinding method based on in-situ contour measurement and fitting. Background Technology

[0002] Grinding is a machining process that uses high-speed rotating grinding wheels and other abrasive tools to process the surface of parts. It is commonly used to process the internal and external cylindrical surfaces, conical surfaces, end faces, and other complex profiles of various parts. However, due to part installation errors, the part axis and the machine tool spindle rotation axis cannot be guaranteed to be completely coincident. Large installation errors will lead to the removal of a large amount of part material, resulting in over-grinding and affecting dimensional accuracy. At the same time, manufacturing errors of the grinding wheel cause it to have large profile deviations and runout, which will lead to large removal of grinding wheel material, long time consumption, and low efficiency. Moreover, for superhard abrasive grinding wheels, it is easy to cause expensive wear and tear on the dresser.

[0003] In the initial stage of grinding, if the minimum dressing amount of the grinding wheel and the minimum material removal amount of the part can be determined based on the data of the initial contour, position and shape of the grinding wheel and the part, the time wasted due to over-dressing of the grinding wheel and over-grinding of the part can be saved by controlling the machining trajectory and error compensation, which can effectively improve the grinding efficiency and grinding accuracy of difficult-to-machine materials. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To overcome the problems of large-volume material removal due to part installation errors and long grinding wheel dressing time due to grinding wheel manufacturing errors, this invention provides a device and adaptive high-efficiency grinding method based on in-situ contour measurement and fitting. This solves the problems of large-volume part removal, long grinding wheel dressing time, low efficiency, and tool wear, achieving high-quality and high-efficiency grinding of various types of surface parts. This invention solves the problems of large-volume part removal and long grinding wheel dressing time during grinding by in-situ measurement and fitting the original contours of the part and grinding wheel.

[0005] The present invention adopts the following technical solution:

[0006] A device based on in-situ contour measurement and fitting is provided. The device is installed on a machine tool. A three-jaw chuck is provided on the part rotation axis of the machine tool for clamping the part, and a grinding wheel flange is provided on the grinding wheel turret for mounting the grinding wheel. The two are arranged opposite to each other and coaxial with the machine tool spindle. The device includes a grinding wheel contour measurement system and an angle precision positioning system.

[0007] The aforementioned angle precision positioning system includes a contact measuring probe equipped with a numerical analysis algorithm. The contact measuring probe is mounted on the grinding wheel turret and can move along with the machine tool spindle feed at different axial positions of the part until it touches the surface of the part and then retracts to measure the contour, size and surface position of the part.

[0008] The aforementioned grinding wheel contour measurement system includes a laser displacement sensor bracket and a laser displacement sensor, and is equipped with a numerical analysis algorithm. The laser displacement sensor bracket is generally in the shape of a gate frame, with its lower end mounted on the machine tool platform near the workpiece's rotation axis, and its upper end equipped with a slide rail and a movable arm. The laser displacement sensor is mounted at the end of the movable arm. By controlling the laser displacement sensor bracket, the laser displacement sensor is made parallel to the machine tool spindle and can translate along the y-axis and z-axis to scan and collect the three-dimensional data of the grinding wheel. The outer contour of the grinding wheel is obtained by fitting the data through the numerical analysis algorithm, where the x-axis direction is the spindle feed direction, the y-axis is the horizontal direction and perpendicular to the x-axis, and the z-axis direction is the vertical direction.

[0009] An adaptive and efficient grinding method based on in-situ contour measurement and fitting, implemented using the aforementioned device, involves the following steps: First, the workpiece is installed, and in-situ measurement data, including the original contour, position, and dimensions of the workpiece's surface to be machined, is measured using a contact measuring probe. Based on this in-situ measurement data, the workpiece surface contour is fitted, and the angle between its axis and the machine tool spindle axis is calculated. Second, the grinding wheel is installed and its dynamic balance is adjusted. Then, the contour of the grinding wheel's working surface is measured using a non-contact laser displacement sensor. Based on the in-situ measured grinding wheel contour data, the grinding wheel contour is fitted, and a dresser is used to perform minimum removal shaping on the grinding wheel, avoiding over-dressing and improving dressing efficiency. Next, adaptive grinding is performed by precisely matching the original contours of the grinding wheel and the workpiece. Finally, the surface contour of the machined workpiece is measured again using a contact measuring probe to check whether the workpiece's shape and dimensions meet the requirements. The adaptive and efficient grinding method specifically includes the following steps:

[0010] Step 1, Part Installation and In-situ Measurement and Fitting of Original Contour: Mount the part on a three-jaw chuck. Use a contact measuring probe to measure the part's contour, dimensions, and surface position. Specifically, the contact measuring probe feeds at different axial positions of the part, retracting as it touches the part's surface. This process is repeated multiple times to obtain the set of X and Z coordinate points P for the part at different axial positions, represented as:

[0011] P = [P(x1,z1)...P(x...z1)] t ,z t )]

[0012] Where t is the number of probe measurements, i.e. the total number of coordinate points obtained;

[0013] The numerical analysis algorithm within the angle precision positioning system is used to determine the overall contour curve of the workpiece surface to be machined and to calculate the angle between the workpiece axis and the machine tool spindle axis. For the calculated multiple sets Take the average value. Angle The relationship between the coordinate point set obtained by the probe measurement and the following is:

[0014]

[0015] Where 1≤m≤t, 1≤n≤t, N is the number of permutations and combinations obtained based on the number of selected coordinate points, x m z m x n z n The X and Z coordinates of any two points in the set of coordinate points measured by the probe;

[0016] Step 2, Grinding wheel installation and dynamic balancing adjustment: The grinding wheel is installed on the grinding wheel flange with bolts. During installation, the bolts are tightened evenly in a cross pattern, and the tightening torque value is controlled with a torque wrench. Before installing the grinding wheel flange, the flange hole and the machine tool spindle are cleaned. After the grinding wheel is installed, the grinding wheel runout is monitored at a specific rotation speed, and the grinding wheel is dynamically balanced using a balance block.

[0017] Step 3, In-situ Measurement and Dressing of Grinding Wheel Profile: Using a laser displacement sensor, the working surface profile of the grinding wheel is scanned step by step at set intervals, and data fitting is performed to obtain the original profile of the grinding wheel. The specific operation process is as follows:

[0018] By controlling the laser displacement sensor bracket, the laser displacement sensor is kept parallel to the X-axis of the machine tool. One end of the grinding wheel in the Z-axis direction is the starting point of the laser displacement sensor measurement, and the other end is the ending point. The motion guide rail is controlled to move uniformly from the Z-axis starting point to the Z-axis ending point, calibrated as moving from zero point to point L. The coordinates of the laser displacement sensor output signal measurement point are S[h(i,j), d]. j , l i ]; 3D point cloud data is represented as:

[0019]

[0020] Where h(i,j) is the acquired displacement signal in the X-axis direction, and d j For the acquired Y-direction displacement signal, l i The Z-axis displacement signal is represented by m and n, which are the total number of points along the width and circumference of the grinding wheel in the acquisition results, respectively.

[0021] For S[h(i,j), d j , l i The noise reduction and smoothing filtering processes are performed to remove singularities, and then repair and complete the data. The specific steps are as follows:

[0022] The distribution statistics of the point cloud data obtained by scanning are performed to obtain the cumulative distribution proportion function W(k):

[0023]

[0024] Among them, hmax h min To measure the maximum and minimum values ​​of the height data along the X-axis in the point cloud, h k For in h max and h min Any integer within the range, where N represents the total number of all original measurement point data, N = m × n.

[0025] Set a threshold range, and designate data points that are greater than the maximum threshold or less than the minimum threshold as singular points; remove singular points; and repair the removed singular points using a two-dimensional linear interpolation method.

[0026] After repairing the singular points, traverse all points on the point set, determine the core neighborhood of c×c with each point as the center, and calculate the average height difference between the data of each measurement point and the center point h(e,f);

[0027] Δh=average[|h(e,f)-h(i,j)|](i=ec,…,e+c; j=fc,…,f+c)

[0028] Where i is the number of points in the X direction, j is the number of points in the Y direction, 1≤e≤m, 1≤f≤n, and c is the number of points in S[h(i,j), d]. j , l i The number of points around it.

[0029] Perform distribution statistics on the calculated Δh and set a noise threshold Δ. threshold The Δh calculated from each measurement point is compared with Δ threshold Compare and remove those greater than Δ threshold The measurement point, namely:

[0030] Δh(e,f)≤Δ threshold

[0031] The X-axis height coordinate h(e,f) of the removed noise points is determined using the following coordinates h r Substitute (e,f) for:

[0032] h r (e,f)=h(e,f)-Δh=h(e,f)-average[h(e,f)-h(i,j)]

[0033] Finally, the data points after singularity and noise removal are transmitted to the data calculation algorithm within the grinding wheel profile measurement system for curve fitting, with l i Let d be the coordinate of the grinding wheel width direction. j Let h(i,j) be the circumferential coordinate of the grinding wheel, and h(i,j) be the height coordinate of the grinding wheel surface. The surface profile curve of the grinding wheel is obtained by fitting the coordinates.

[0034] Based on the original profile of the grinding wheel measured in situ, the minimum grinding wheel dressing amount is determined, and the grinding wheel is dressed with the minimum dressing amount. The grinding wheel profile measurement system obtains the diameter of the dressed grinding wheel in real time. Dressing methods include diamond pen dressing, diamond roller dressing, and rolling dressing. The grinding wheel dressing method is selected according to the machine tool hardware and experience.

[0035] Step 4, Adaptive and efficient grinding: Based on the actual contour of the part fitted by in-situ measurement data, calculate and determine the coordinate position of the minimum grinding removal amount of the part. Rotate the grinding wheel turret at an angle to adjust the relative position of the part to be machined surface and the grinding wheel working surface. After precise positioning, carry out grinding. After the machining is completed, use contact measuring probes to measure the contour of the part multiple times and compare it with the size, shape and position accuracy requirements. Compensate the grinding wheel grinding posture by adjusting the grinding wheel turret until the part that meets the accuracy and surface quality requirements is ground.

[0036] The beneficial effects of this invention are:

[0037] (1) This invention obtains the part profile, size and installation error by measuring and fitting the part profile in place, and obtains the processing scheme with the smallest part removal volume. Then, it determines the relative position of the grinding wheel working surface and the part profile. By adjusting the grinding trajectory control of the grinding wheel turret, it effectively avoids the large amount of part material removal and excessive grinding caused by installation error, which helps to improve the part size and shape processing accuracy and reduce grinding processing time.

[0038] (2) The present invention accurately obtains the true profile of the grinding wheel through in-situ measurement and data fitting, and then determines the minimum dressing amount based on the grinding wheel profile, effectively preventing the grinding wheel from being over-dressed, improving dressing efficiency, reducing dresser wear, and reducing production costs.

[0039] (3) The grinding wheel installation method adopted in this invention can achieve a tight fit between the grinding wheel and the grinding wheel flange, alleviate problems such as dynamic imbalance caused by grinding wheel installation, reduce the workload of subsequent grinding wheel dressing, and improve grinding efficiency. Attached Figure Description

[0040] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall device of the present invention;

[0041] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the grinding wheel installation method, wherein (a) is a side sectional view of the grinding wheel installation, and (b) is a schematic diagram of the bolt installation sequence, where letters A to H indicate that the bolts are installed in alphabetical order from A to H;

[0042] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of a method for measuring the surface of a part to be machined in situ.

[0043] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the fitting process for the working surface of the grinding wheel;

[0044] Figure 5 A schematic diagram of the surface to be machined on the part being ground to compensate for the position of the grinding wheel;

[0045] In the diagram: 1. Part rotating shaft; 2. Laser displacement sensor bracket; 3. Outer grinding wheel; 4. Grinding wheel turret; 5. Contact measuring probe; 6. Inner grinding wheel; 7. Laser displacement sensor; 8. Three-jaw chuck; 9. Part. Detailed Implementation

[0046] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and effects of this invention clearer, the following examples provide a more detailed description of the invention. It should be noted that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative and not intended to limit the scope of the invention.

[0047] This embodiment provides a device based on in-situ contour measurement and fitting, which is installed on a machine tool. A three-jaw chuck 8 is provided on the side of the machine tool's workpiece rotation axis 1 facing the grinding wheel turret 4 for clamping workpiece 9. Grinding wheel flanges are provided on two sides of the grinding wheel turret 4 for mounting the outer cylindrical grinding wheel 3 and the inner cylindrical grinding wheel 6, respectively. Both are coaxial with the machine tool spindle. The device includes a grinding wheel contour measurement system and an angle precision positioning system.

[0048] The aforementioned angle precision positioning system includes a contact measuring probe 5 equipped with a numerical analysis algorithm. The contact measuring probe 5 is mounted on the grinding wheel turret 4 and can move along with the machine tool spindle feed at different axial positions of the part 9, retracting after contacting the surface of the part 9, in order to measure the contour, size, and surface position of the part 9. Figure 1 As shown.

[0049] The grinding wheel profile measurement system includes a laser displacement sensor bracket 2 and a laser displacement sensor 7, and is equipped with a numerical analysis algorithm. The laser displacement sensor bracket 2 is generally in the shape of a gate frame, with its lower end mounted on the machine tool platform near the workpiece rotation axis 1, and its upper end equipped with a slide rail and a movable arm. The laser displacement sensor 7 is mounted at the end of the movable arm. By controlling the laser displacement sensor bracket 2, the laser displacement sensor 7 is made parallel to the machine tool spindle and can translate along the y-axis and z-axis to scan and collect the three-dimensional data of the grinding wheel. The outer profile of the grinding wheel is obtained by fitting the data through the numerical analysis algorithm, where the x-axis is the main spindle feed direction, the y-axis is the horizontal direction and perpendicular to the x-axis, and the z-axis is the vertical direction.

[0050] An adaptive and efficient grinding method based on in-situ contour measurement fitting includes the following steps:

[0051] Step 1, Part Installation and In-situ Measurement and Fitting of Original Contour: Install part 9 on the three-jaw chuck 8, and use the contact measuring probe 5 to measure the contour, dimensions, and surface position of part 9, such as... Figure 3As shown, specifically, the contact measuring probe 5 feeds at different axial positions of part 9. The probe touches the surface of part 9 and then retracts, repeating this process multiple times to obtain the set of X and Z coordinate points P of part 9 at different axial positions, which are represented as follows:

[0052] P = [P(x1,z1)...P(x...z1)] t ,z t )]

[0053] Using the numerical analysis algorithm within the angle precision positioning system, the overall contour curve of the surface to be machined on part 9 is determined, and the angle between the axis of part 9 and the axis of the machine tool spindle is calculated. For the calculated multiple sets Take the average value. Angle The relationship between the coordinate point set obtained by the probe measurement and the following is:

[0054]

[0055] Step 2, Grinding wheel installation and dynamic balancing adjustment: The outer cylindrical grinding wheel 3 and the inner cylindrical grinding wheel 6 are respectively installed on their corresponding grinding wheel flanges using bolts. During installation, the bolts are tightened evenly using a cross-tightening method. Figure 2 As shown, install the bolts in alphabetical order from A to H, and use a torque wrench to control the tightening torque value; before installing the grinding wheel flange, clean the flange hole and the machine tool spindle; after the grinding wheel is installed, monitor the grinding wheel runout at a specific rotation speed, and use a balance block to dynamically balance the grinding wheel;

[0056] Step 3, In-situ Measurement and Dressing of Grinding Wheel Profile: Using laser displacement sensor 7, the working surface profiles of the outer cylindrical grinding wheel 3 and the inner cylindrical grinding wheel 6 are scanned step by step at set intervals, and data fitting is performed to obtain the original profile of the grinding wheel; the operation process is as follows: Figure 4 As shown, the details are as follows:

[0057] By controlling the laser displacement sensor bracket 2, the laser displacement sensor 7 is kept parallel to the X-axis of the machine tool. One end of the grinding wheel in the Z-axis direction is the starting point of the laser displacement sensor 7 measurement, and the other end is the ending point. The motion guide rail is controlled to move uniformly from the Z-axis starting point to the Z-axis ending point, calibrated as moving from zero point to point L. The coordinates of the measurement point output signal of the laser displacement sensor 7 are S[h(i,j), d]. j , l i ]; 3D point cloud data is represented as:

[0058]

[0059] For S[h(i,j), d j , l i The noise reduction and smoothing filtering processes are performed to remove singularities, and then repair and complete the data. The specific steps are as follows:

[0060] The distribution statistics of the point cloud data obtained by scanning are performed to obtain the cumulative distribution proportion function W(k):

[0061]

[0062] Set a threshold range, with W(k) = 4% as the minimum threshold and W(k) = 96% as the maximum threshold. Data points greater than the maximum threshold or less than the minimum threshold are identified as singular points. Remove singular points. Repair the removed singular points using a two-dimensional linear interpolation method.

[0063] After repairing the singular points, traverse all points on the point set, determine the core neighborhood of c×c with each point as the center, and calculate the average height difference between the data of each measurement point and the center point h(e,f);

[0064] Δh=average[|h(e,f)-h(i,j)|](i=ec,…,e+c; j=fc,…,f+c)

[0065] The calculated Δh is statistically analyzed, and the Δh value that reaches 90% of the cumulative distribution is taken as the noise threshold Δ at the center point after filtering. threshold Noise removal is performed, and the calculated Δh and Δh from each measurement point are compared. threshold Compare and remove those greater than Δ threshold The measurement point, namely:

[0066] Δh(e,f)≤Δ threshold

[0067] The X-axis height coordinate h(e,f) of the removed noise points is determined using the following coordinates h r Substitute (e,f) for:

[0068] h r (e,f)=h(e,f)-Δh=h(e,f)-average[h(e,f)-h(i,j)]

[0069] Finally, the data points after singularity and noise removal are transmitted to the data calculation algorithm within the grinding wheel profile measurement system for curve fitting, with l i Let d be the coordinate of the grinding wheel width direction. j Let h(i,j) be the circumferential coordinate of the grinding wheel, and h(i,j) be the height coordinate of the grinding wheel surface. The surface profile curve of the grinding wheel is obtained by fitting the coordinates.

[0070] Based on the original profile of the grinding wheel measured in place, the minimum grinding wheel dressing amount is determined, a grinding wheel dressing program is written, and the minimum dressing amount of the grinding wheel is carried out. The grinding wheel profile measurement system obtains the diameter of the dressed grinding wheel in real time. Dressing methods include diamond pen dressing, diamond roller dressing, and rolling dressing. The grinding wheel dressing method is selected according to the machine tool hardware and experience.

[0071] Step 4, Adaptive and Efficient Grinding: Based on the actual contour of part 9 fitted by in-situ measurement data, calculate and determine the coordinate position of the minimum grinding removal amount of part 9. Rotate the grinding wheel turret 4 at an angle to adjust the relative position of the surface to be machined on part 9 and the working surface of the grinding wheel. After precise positioning, carry out grinding. Grind the inner and outer cylindrical surfaces, inclined surfaces, conical surfaces, stepped surfaces, and end faces sequentially using the outer cylindrical grinding wheel 3 and the inner cylindrical grinding wheel 6. Figure 5 As shown; after the processing is completed, the contour of part 9 is measured multiple times using contact measuring probe 5 and compared with the size, shape and position accuracy requirements. The grinding wheel grinding posture is compensated by adjusting the grinding wheel turret 4 until part 9 that meets the accuracy and surface quality requirements is ground.

Claims

1. An adaptive and efficient grinding method based on in-situ profile measurement and fitting, implemented using a device based on in-situ profile measurement and fitting, characterized in that, The device is installed on a machine tool. A three-jaw chuck (8) is provided on the part rotation axis (1) of the machine tool for clamping the part (9). A grinding wheel flange is provided on the grinding wheel turret (4) for installing the grinding wheel. The two are arranged opposite to each other and coaxial with the machine tool spindle. The device includes a grinding wheel profile measurement system and an angle precision positioning system. The angle precision positioning system includes a contact measuring probe (5) and is equipped with a numerical analysis algorithm. The contact measuring probe (5) is installed on the grinding wheel turret (4) and can move along the machine tool spindle feed at different axial positions of the part (9) until it touches the surface of the part (9) and then retracts to measure the contour, size and surface position of the part (9). The grinding wheel profile measurement system includes a laser displacement sensor bracket (2) and a laser displacement sensor (7), and is equipped with a numerical analysis algorithm. The laser displacement sensor bracket (2) is in the shape of a door frame. The lower end is installed on the machine tool platform near the workpiece rotation axis (1). The upper end is provided with a slide rail and a movable arm. The laser displacement sensor (7) is installed at the end of the movable arm. By controlling the laser displacement sensor bracket (2), the laser displacement sensor (7) is made parallel to the machine tool spindle and can be translated along the y-axis and z-axis to scan and collect the three-dimensional data of the grinding wheel. The outer profile of the grinding wheel is obtained by fitting through the numerical analysis algorithm. The x-axis direction is the main spindle feed direction, the y-axis is the horizontal direction and perpendicular to the x-axis, and the z-axis direction is the vertical direction. The adaptive high-efficiency grinding method described above first involves installing the part (9) and using a contact measuring probe (5) to measure the original data of the surface to be processed on the part (9) in situ, fitting the surface profile of the part (9), and calculating the angle between its axis and the axis of the machine tool spindle; secondly, installing the grinding wheel and adjusting the dynamic balance; then, using a non-contact laser displacement sensor (7) to measure the working surface profile of the grinding wheel, fitting the grinding wheel profile, and shaping the grinding wheel with minimum removal amount; after that, adaptive grinding is carried out by matching the original profile of the grinding wheel and the part (9); finally, the contact measuring probe (5) is used again to measure the surface profile of the processed part (9) in situ to check whether the part (9) meets the requirements. The aforementioned adaptive and efficient grinding method specifically includes the following steps: Step 1, Part Installation and In-situ Measurement and Fitting of Original Contour: The part (9) is installed on the three-jaw chuck (8), and the contact measurement probe (5) is fed at different axial positions of the part (9). The probe touches the surface of the part (9) and then retracts. This is repeated multiple times to obtain the set of X and Z coordinate points P of the part (9) at different axial positions with multiple feedbacks, which is represented as: P=[P(x1,z1)...P(x t ,z t )] Where t is the number of probe measurements, i.e. the total number of coordinate points obtained; The numerical analysis algorithm within the angle precision positioning system is used to determine the overall contour curve of the surface to be machined on part (9), and to calculate the angle between the axis of part (9) and the axis of the machine tool spindle. For the calculated multiple sets Take the average value; Step 2: The grinding wheel is installed on the grinding wheel flange. After the grinding wheel is installed, the runout of the grinding wheel is monitored at a specific rotation speed, and the grinding wheel is dynamically balanced using a balance block. Step 3, In-situ measurement and dressing of grinding wheel profile: Using a laser displacement sensor (7), the working surface profile of the grinding wheel is scanned step by step according to the set interval, and data fitting is performed to obtain the original profile of the grinding wheel; Based on the original profile of the grinding wheel measured in situ, the minimum grinding wheel shaping removal amount is determined, the minimum grinding wheel removal amount dressing is carried out, and the diameter of the dressed grinding wheel is obtained in real time. Step 4, Adaptive and efficient grinding: Based on the actual contour of the part (9) fitted by in-situ measurement data, calculate and determine the coordinate position of the minimum grinding removal amount of the part (9), rotate the grinding wheel turret (4) at an angle, adjust the relative position of the surface to be machined of the part (9) and the working surface of the grinding wheel, and carry out grinding after precise positioning; after the machining is completed, the contour of the part (9) is measured multiple times using a contact measuring probe (5), and compared with the size, shape and position accuracy requirements. The grinding wheel grinding posture is compensated by adjusting the grinding wheel turret (4) until the part (9) that meets the accuracy and surface quality requirements is ground.

2. The adaptive and efficient grinding method based on in-situ contour measurement and fitting according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step 1, the angle The relationship between the coordinate point set obtained by the probe measurement and the following is: Where 1≤m≤t, 1≤n≤t, N is the number of permutations and combinations obtained based on the number of selected coordinate points, x m z m x n z n The X and Z coordinates are any two points in the set of coordinate points measured by the probe.

3. The adaptive and efficient grinding method based on in-situ contour measurement and fitting according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step 2, the grinding wheel is installed on the grinding wheel flange by bolts. During installation, the bolts are tightened in a cross pattern, and a torque wrench is used to control the tightening torque value.

4. The adaptive and efficient grinding method based on in-situ contour measurement and fitting according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step 2, the flange hole and the machine tool spindle are cleaned before installing the grinding wheel flange.

5. The adaptive and efficient grinding method based on in-situ contour measurement and fitting according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step 3, the specific operation process for obtaining the original profile of the grinding wheel is as follows: By controlling the laser displacement sensor bracket (2) to keep the laser displacement sensor (7) parallel to the X-axis of the machine tool, the starting point of the laser displacement sensor (7) is taken at one end of the grinding wheel in the Z-axis direction, and the ending point is taken at the other end; the motion guide rail is controlled to move at a constant speed from the starting point of the Z-axis to the ending point of the Z-axis, and the calibration is from the zero point to the L point; the coordinates of the measurement point of the output signal of the laser displacement sensor (7) are S[h(i,j), d j , l i ]; 3D point cloud data is represented as: Where h(i,j) is the acquired displacement signal in the X-axis direction, and d j For the acquired Y-direction displacement signal, l i The Z-axis displacement signal is represented by m and n, which are the total number of points along the width and circumference of the grinding wheel in the acquisition results, respectively. For S[h(i,j), d j , l i Noise reduction and smoothing filtering are performed to remove singular points and repair and complete them. After repairing the singular points, each point on the point set is traversed, and a c×c core neighborhood is determined with each point as the center. The average height difference between each measurement point and the center point h(e,f) is calculated. Δh=average[|h(e,f)-h(i,j)|](i=ec,…,e+c; j=fc,…,f+c) Where i is the number of points in the X direction, j is the number of points in the Y direction, 1≤e≤m, 1≤f≤n, and c is the number of points in S[h(i,j), d]. j , l i The number of points around it; Perform distribution statistics on the calculated Δh and set a noise threshold Δ. threshold The Δh calculated from each measurement point is compared with Δ threshold Compare and remove those greater than Δ threshold The measurement point, namely: Δh(e,f)≤Δ threshold The X-axis height coordinate h(e,f) of the removed noise points is determined using the following coordinates h r Substitute (e,f) for: h r (e,f)=h(e,f)-Δh=h(e,f)-average[h(e,f)-h(i,j)] Finally, the data points after singularity and noise removal are transmitted to the data calculation algorithm within the grinding wheel profile measurement system for curve fitting, with l i Let d be the coordinate of the grinding wheel width direction. j Let h(i,j) be the circumferential coordinate of the grinding wheel, and h(i,j) be the height coordinate of the grinding wheel surface. The surface profile curve of the grinding wheel is obtained by fitting the coordinates.

6. The adaptive and efficient grinding method based on in-situ contour measurement fitting according to claim 5, characterized in that, The specific steps for removing singularities and performing repair and completion are as follows: The distribution statistics of the point cloud data obtained by scanning are performed to obtain the cumulative distribution proportion function W(k): Among them, h max h min To measure the maximum and minimum values ​​of the height data along the X-axis in the point cloud, h k For in h max and h min Any integer within the range, where N represents the total number of all original measurement point data, N = m × n; Set a threshold range, and designate data points that are greater than the maximum threshold or less than the minimum threshold as singular points; remove singular points; and repair the removed singular points using a two-dimensional linear interpolation method.

7. The adaptive and efficient grinding method based on in-situ contour measurement and fitting according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step 3, the grinding wheel dressing methods include diamond pen dressing, diamond roller dressing, and rolling dressing, which are selected based on the machine tool hardware and experience.

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