Organic fertilizer based on hermetia illucens faeces and shells and preparation process of organic fertilizer

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of organic fertilizers, and particularly relates to an organic fertilizer based on hermetia illucens faeces and shells and a preparation process of the organic fertilizer. The organic fertilizer is prepared from, by mass, 30%-35% of alkane coupling agent modified diatomite loaded hermetia illucens fecula and shell, 60%-65% of plant straw, 1%-2% of microbial agent and 2%-5% of nitrogen phosphorus potassium salt, and the preparation method comprises the following steps that S1, diatomite and an alkane coupling agent are mixed to prepare alkane coupling agent modified diatomite; s2, fermenting, and fully mixing with the silane coupling agent modified diatomite to obtain silane coupling agent modified diatomite loaded hermetia illucens fecula and shell; s3, mixing the materials to obtain the organic fertilizer based on the black soldier fly feces and the larva shells. The black soldier fly feces and the black soldier fly shells are high-quality organic fertilizer raw materials and can be used as organic fertilizer for agricultural production, the effect of the fertilizer is greatly improved, and meanwhile, the efficient, economical and environment-friendly organic fertilizer can be provided.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of organic fertilizers, and in particular relates to an organic fertilizer based on black soldier fly feces and shells and a preparation process thereof. Background Art

[0002] The use of organic fertilizers in agricultural production is very important. It can not only provide the nutrients needed by crops, but also improve soil structure and increase soil fertility. Black soldier flies are an insect widely distributed around the world. Their larvae mainly feed on organic waste. After absorbing nutrients from food, their excrement and molted shells are rich in organic matter and a variety of nutrients. In addition, their excrement and shells are rich in beneficial microorganisms, such as actinomycetes, bacteria, yeast, etc. These microorganisms can inhibit the occurrence of some soil-borne diseases, increase the biological activity of the soil, and are beneficial to the growth of crops. Therefore, black soldier fly feces and shells are a high-quality organic fertilizer raw material, which can be used as organic fertilizer in agricultural production, greatly improving the effect of fertilizers. At the same time, it can also provide an efficient, economical and environmentally friendly organic fertilizer.

[0003] In the prior art, the direct use of black soldier fly excrement and shells as fertilizers is not ideal, mainly because the nutrients contained in these raw materials are not completely released and cannot be effectively used by plants. Therefore, an organic fertilizer based on black soldier fly excrement and shells and a preparation process thereof are proposed. Summary of the invention

[0004] The invention aims to provide an organic fertilizer based on the excrement and shells of black soldier flies and a preparation process thereof. Diatomaceous earth and an alkane coupling agent are mixed to obtain diatomaceous earth modified by the alkane coupling agent, and the diatomaceous earth modified by the alkane coupling agent is fully mixed by fermentation to obtain diatomaceous earth loaded with excrement and shells of black soldier flies, and an organic fertilizer based on the excrement and shells of black soldier flies is obtained by mixing.

[0005] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is that the effect of directly using the excrement and shells of black soldier flies as fertilizer is not ideal.

[0006] The purpose of the present invention can be achieved through the following technical solutions:

[0007] The invention discloses an organic fertilizer based on black soldier fly excrement and shells. The organic fertilizer is composed of the following components in mass fraction: 30%-35% of black soldier fly excrement and shells loaded with alkane coupling agent modified diatomaceous earth, 60%-65% of plant straw, 1%-2% of microbial agent and 2%-5% of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium salt. The alkane coupling agent modified diatomaceous earth loaded with black soldier fly excrement and shells refers to surface modification of diatomaceous earth with an alkane coupling agent so as to load black soldier fly excrement and shells.

[0008] Further, the following steps are included:

[0009] S1, mixing diatomaceous earth and an alkane coupling agent, controlling the reaction temperature and time, and obtaining alkane coupling agent modified diatomaceous earth;

[0010] S2, fermenting black soldier fly shells, black soldier fly feces and plant straw, and fully mixing them with alkane coupling agent modified diatomaceous earth to prepare alkane coupling agent modified diatomaceous earth loaded with black soldier fly feces and shells;

[0011] S3. Weigh the alkane coupling agent-modified diatomaceous earth loaded with black soldier fly excrement and shells, microbial agents and nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium salts in a mass ratio of (90-95): (1-2): (2-5) and put them into a mixer. After fully mixing, an organic fertilizer based on black soldier fly excrement and shells is obtained.

[0012] The plant straw refers to one or more of cereal straw, cotton straw, bean straw, and vegetable straw, and the microbial agent refers to one or more of nitrifying bacteria and nitrogen-fixing bacteria.

[0013] The nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium salts are activated carbon, ammonium phosphate, urea, trace element compounding agent and potassium humate, wherein the mass ratio is (1-2): (0.5-1): (1-2): (0.1-0.2): (0.5-0.6).

[0014] Furthermore, step S1 is specifically as follows:

[0015] The diatomaceous earth is washed with 1% diluted sodium hydroxide for 5-8 times, and then washed with distilled water for 5-10 times to completely remove impurities in the diatomaceous earth, dried at 60°C-80°C, mixed with alkane coupling agent 3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane under the protection of nitrogen, stirred, and the reaction temperature is controlled at 70°C-80°C and the time is 4h-5h. After the reaction is completed, it is washed and dried at 80°C-100°C to obtain alkane coupling agent modified diatomaceous earth.

[0016] Furthermore, step S2 is specifically as follows:

[0017] The black soldier fly shells are crushed into powder by a grinder, the crushed black soldier fly shells, black soldier fly excrement and plant straw are mixed and put into a tank for fermentation, biological fermentation bacteria are added, the fully fermented materials are repeatedly turned over, and the second fermentation is carried out after aging out of the tank, and the fermented organic matter is fully mixed with alkane coupling agent modified diatomaceous earth to obtain alkane coupling agent modified diatomaceous earth loaded with black soldier fly excrement shells.

[0018] The trace element compound comprises the trace elements of copper, zinc, iron, manganese, boron and molybdenum, wherein the content of copper and zinc is 100ppm-200ppm, and the content of iron, manganese, boron and molybdenum is 0.5ppm-2.0ppm.

[0019] The usage ratio of the diatomaceous earth and the alkane coupling agent is (10-15) g: (20-22) ml.

[0020] The usage ratio of the black soldier fly shell, the black soldier fly feces, the plant straw and the alkane coupling agent modified diatomaceous earth is (1-2): (4-5): (5-6): (1-2).

[0021] The biological fermentation bacteria refers to one or more of actinomycetes, fungi, Bacteroides, Bacillus, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

[0022] Beneficial effects of the present invention:

[0023] 1. In the technical solution of the present invention, the loading of black soldier fly dung shells on diatomaceous earth modified by an alkane coupling agent can improve the physical properties of organic fertilizer, help increase the porosity of the fertilizer, better load the black soldier fly dung shells, improve the permeability of the fertilizer, facilitate the distribution and adsorption of the fertilizer in the soil, and improve the utilization efficiency of the fertilizer. In addition, diatomaceous earth modified by an alkane coupling agent can improve the soil structure, enhance the permeability of the soil, facilitate the growth and development of the root system, and facilitate the growth and yield of crops.

[0024] 2. In the technical solution of the present invention, the feces of black soldier flies are rich in nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and other trace elements, which are all nutrients necessary for plant growth. They are rich in nutrition, and the insect feces can also improve the soil structure, increase the air permeability and water retention of the soil, and make the soil more suitable for plant growth. At the same time, the insect feces contain a large number of beneficial microorganisms, which can inhibit the growth of harmful pathogens and protect plants from diseases. The insect shells also have a certain fertilizer effect. The insect shells contain nutrients such as protein, fat and minerals, which can be used as part of organic fertilizers to provide the nutrients needed for plant growth. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0025] The following will be combined with the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0026] Example 1

[0027] S1. Wash 10g of diatomaceous earth with 1% diluted sodium hydroxide for 8 times, and then wash it with distilled water for 10 times to completely remove impurities in the diatomaceous earth, dry it at 60°C, mix it with 20ml of alkane coupling agent 3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane under the protection of nitrogen, stir, control the reaction temperature to 70°C and the time to 4h, wash it after the reaction is completed, dry it at 80°C, and obtain alkane coupling agent modified diatomaceous earth.

[0028] S2. The black soldier fly shell is crushed into powder by a grinder, 1 g of the crushed black soldier fly shell, 4 g of black soldier fly excrement and 5 g of plant straw are mixed, put into a tank for fermentation, biological fermentation bacteria are added, the fully fermented material is repeatedly turned over and over, and a second fermentation is carried out after aging out of the tank, and the fermented organic matter is fully mixed with 1 g of alkane coupling agent modified diatomaceous earth to obtain alkane coupling agent modified diatomaceous earth loaded black soldier fly excrement shell.

[0029] S3. Weigh the alkane coupling agent-modified diatomaceous earth loaded with black soldier fly excrement and shells, microbial agents and nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium salts in a mass ratio of 90:1:2 and put them into a mixer. After fully mixing, an organic fertilizer based on black soldier fly excrement and shells is obtained.

[0030] Example 2

[0031] S1. Wash 12.5 g of diatomaceous earth with 1% diluted sodium hydroxide for 8 times, and then wash it with distilled water for 10 times to completely remove impurities in the diatomaceous earth, dry it at 60°C, mix it with 21 ml of alkane coupling agent 3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane under the protection of nitrogen, stir it, control the reaction temperature to 70°C and the time to 4h, wash it after the reaction is completed, dry it at 80°C, and obtain alkane coupling agent modified diatomaceous earth.

[0032] S2, crushing the black soldier fly shell into powder with a grinder, mixing 1.5g of the crushed black soldier fly shell, 4.5g of black soldier fly excrement and 5.5g of plant straw, putting them into a tank for fermentation, adding biological fermentation bacteria, repeatedly turning over and tossing the fully fermented materials, and fermenting them for the second time after aging out of the tank, and fully mixing the fermented organic matter with 1.5g of alkane coupling agent modified diatomaceous earth to obtain alkane coupling agent modified diatomaceous earth loaded black soldier fly excrement shell.

[0033] S3. Weigh the alkane coupling agent-modified diatomaceous earth loaded with black soldier fly excrement and shells, microbial agents and nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium salts in a mass ratio of 92.5:1.5:3.5 and put them into a mixer. After fully mixing, an organic fertilizer based on black soldier fly excrement and shells is obtained.

[0034] Example 3

[0035] S1. Wash 15g of diatomaceous earth with 1% diluted sodium hydroxide for 8 times, and then wash it with distilled water for 10 times to completely remove impurities in the diatomaceous earth, dry it at 60°C, mix it with 22ml of alkane coupling agent 3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane under the protection of nitrogen, stir it, control the reaction temperature to 70°C and the time to 4h, wash it after the reaction is completed, dry it at 80°C, and obtain alkane coupling agent modified diatomaceous earth.

[0036] S2. The black soldier fly shell is crushed into powder by a grinder, 2g of the crushed black soldier fly shell, 5g of black soldier fly excrement and 6g of plant straw are mixed, put into a tank for fermentation, biological fermentation bacteria are added, the fully fermented material is repeatedly turned over and over, and a second fermentation is carried out after aging out of the tank, and the fermented organic matter is fully mixed with 2g of alkane coupling agent modified diatomaceous earth to obtain alkane coupling agent modified diatomaceous earth loaded black soldier fly excrement shell.

[0037] S3. Weigh the alkane coupling agent-modified diatomaceous earth loaded with black soldier fly excrement and shells, microbial agents and nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium salts in a mass ratio of 95:2:5 and put them into a mixer. After fully mixing, an organic fertilizer based on black soldier fly excrement and shells is obtained.

[0038] Comparative Example 1

[0039] S1. Wash 15g of diatomaceous earth with 1% diluted sodium hydroxide for 8 times, and then wash it with distilled water for 10 times to completely remove impurities in the diatomaceous earth, dry it at 60°C, mix it with 22ml of alkane coupling agent 3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane under the protection of nitrogen, stir it, control the reaction temperature to 70°C and the time to 4h, wash it after the reaction is completed, dry it at 80°C, and obtain alkane coupling agent modified diatomaceous earth.

[0040] S2. Weigh the alkane coupling agent modified diatomaceous earth, microbial agent and nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium salt in a mass ratio of 95:2:5, put them into a mixer and mix them thoroughly.

[0041] Comparative Example 2

[0042] Wash 15 g of diatomaceous earth with 1% diluted sodium hydroxide for 8 times, and then wash it with distilled water for 10 times to completely remove impurities in the diatomaceous earth, dry it at 60°C, weigh diatomaceous earth, microbial agent and nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium salt in a mass ratio of 95:2:5, put them into a mixer, and mix them thoroughly.

[0043] Comparative Example 3

[0044] S1. The black soldier fly shells are crushed into powder by a grinder, 2g of the crushed black soldier fly shells, 5g of black soldier fly feces and 6g of plant straw are mixed, put into a tank for fermentation, biological fermentation bacteria are added, the fully fermented materials are repeatedly turned over and tossed, and the second fermentation is carried out after aging out of the tank.

[0045] S2. Weigh the black soldier fly dung shells, microbial agents and nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium salts in a mass ratio of 95:2:5, put them into a mixer and mix them thoroughly.

[0046] Now 300 soybeans were placed in randomly selected soil and divided into 6 groups on average. The organic fertilizers prepared in Examples 1-3 and Comparative Examples 1-3 were applied to the 6 groups respectively. The soil was kept moist. The germination rate was calculated after 7 days. The results are shown in Table 1:

[0047] Table 1. Germination rate of Examples 1-3 and Comparative Examples 1-3 (unit: %)

[0048]

[0049] The various technical indicators of Examples 1-3 and Comparative Examples 1-3 are now tested according to the testing standard of NY 884-2012 "Biological Organic Fertilizer", and the results are shown in Table 2:

[0050] Table 2. Technical indicators of Examples 1-3 and Comparative Examples 1-3

[0051]

[0052] Note: cfu is the number of effective living bacteria, and organic matter is measured in kilobases.

[0053] Table 3. Product technical index requirements

[0054] Technical indicators cfu, billion / g ≥0.20 Organic matter, % ≥40.0 Moisture,% ≤30.0 pH 5.5-8.5 Fecal coliform count, pieces / g ≤100 Ascaris egg mortality, % ≥95 Validity period, month ≥6

[0055] According to the five heavy metal limit indicators in NY 884-2012 "Biological Organic Fertilizer", the results are shown in Table 3:

[0056] Table 4. Heavy metal limit indicators of Examples 1-3 and Comparative Examples 1-3 (unit: mg / kg)

[0057] Example 1 Example 2 Example 3 Comparative Example 1 Comparative Example 2 Comparative Example 3 Total Arsenic 9 8 8 7 8 8 Total Cadmium 1 1 1 2 1 2 Total Lead 31 24 28 22 28 26 Total Chromium 45 44 49 48 47 47 Total Mercury 0 0 0 0 0 0

[0058] Note: Total arsenic, total cadmium, total lead, total chromium and total mercury are all expressed in thousand basis.

[0059] Table 5. Technical requirements for heavy metal limits (unit: mg / kg)

[0060] Limit indicators Total arsenic (in thousand bases) ≤15 Total cadmium (kb) ≤3 Total lead (kb) ≤50 Total chromium (kba) ≤150 Total mercury (in thousand basis) ≤2

[0061] It can be seen from Table 1 that the germination rate of soybeans applied in Examples 1-3 is higher than that in Comparative Examples 1-3, indicating that the organic fertilizer based on black soldier fly feces and shells of the present invention has a better effect. It can be seen from Tables 2 and 4 that according to the technical requirements of Tables 3 and 5, the technical indicators of Examples 1-3 are in line with national standards and are better than Comparative Examples 1-3.

[0062] In the description of the specification, the description with reference to the terms "one embodiment", "example", "specific example", etc. means that the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described in conjunction with the embodiment or example are included in at least one embodiment or example of the present invention. In this specification, the schematic representation of the above terms does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Moreover, the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described can be combined in any one or more embodiments or examples in a suitable manner.

[0063] The above contents are merely examples and explanations of the present invention. Those skilled in the art may make various modifications or additions to the specific embodiments described or replace them in a similar manner. As long as they do not deviate from the invention or exceed the scope defined by the claims, they shall all fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. An organic fertilizer based on black soldier fly feces and shells, characterized in that: The organic fertilizer is composed of the following components in mass fraction: 30%-35% of alkane coupling agent-modified diatomaceous earth loaded with black soldier fly excrement and shells, 60%-65% of plant straw, 1%-2% of microbial agent and 2%-5% of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium salts. The alkane coupling agent-modified diatomaceous earth loaded with black soldier fly excrement and shells refers to surface modification of diatomaceous earth with an alkane coupling agent so as to load black soldier fly excrement and shells.

2. A process for preparing organic fertilizer based on black soldier fly feces and shells according to claim 1, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S1, mixing diatomaceous earth and an alkane coupling agent, controlling the reaction temperature and time, and obtaining alkane coupling agent modified diatomaceous earth; S2, fermenting black soldier fly shells, black soldier fly feces and plant straw, and fully mixing them with alkane coupling agent modified diatomaceous earth to prepare alkane coupling agent modified diatomaceous earth loaded with black soldier fly feces and shells; S3. Weigh the alkane coupling agent-modified diatomaceous earth loaded with black soldier fly excrement and shells, microbial agents and nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium salts in a mass ratio of (90-95): (1-2): (2-5) and put them into a mixer. After fully mixing, an organic fertilizer based on black soldier fly excrement and shells is obtained.

3. The organic fertilizer based on black soldier fly feces and shells according to claim 1, characterized in that: Plant straw refers to one or more of cereal straw, cotton straw, bean straw, and vegetable straw, and the microbial agent refers to one or more of nitrifying bacteria and nitrogen-fixing bacteria.

4. The organic fertilizer based on black soldier fly feces and shells according to claim 1, characterized in that: The nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium salts are activated carbon, ammonium phosphate, urea, trace element compounding agent and potassium humate, wherein the mass ratio is (1-2): (0.5-1): (1-2): (0.1-0.2): (0.5-0.6).

5. The process for preparing organic fertilizer based on black soldier fly feces and shells according to claim 2, characterized in that: Step S1 is specifically as follows: The diatomaceous earth is washed with 1% diluted sodium hydroxide for 5-8 times, and then washed with distilled water for 5-10 times to completely remove impurities in the diatomaceous earth, dried at 60°C-80°C, mixed with alkane coupling agent 3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane under the protection of nitrogen, stirred, and the reaction temperature is controlled at 70°C-80°C and the time is 4h-5h. After the reaction is completed, it is washed and dried at 80°C-100°C to obtain alkane coupling agent modified diatomaceous earth.

6. A process for preparing organic fertilizer based on black soldier fly feces and shells according to claim 2, characterized in that: Step S2 is specifically as follows: The black soldier fly shells are crushed into powder by a grinder, the crushed black soldier fly shells, black soldier fly excrement and plant straw are mixed and put into a tank for fermentation, biological fermentation bacteria are added, the fully fermented materials are repeatedly turned over, and the second fermentation is carried out after aging out of the tank, and the fermented organic matter is fully mixed with alkane coupling agent modified diatomaceous earth to obtain alkane coupling agent modified diatomaceous earth loaded with black soldier fly excrement shells.

7. The organic fertilizer based on black soldier fly feces and shells according to claim 4, characterized in that: The trace elements included in the trace element compound include copper, zinc, iron, manganese, boron and molybdenum, wherein the content of copper and zinc is 100ppm-200ppm, and the content of iron, manganese, boron and molybdenum is 0.5ppm-2.0ppm.

8. The process for preparing organic fertilizer based on black soldier fly feces and shells according to claim 5, characterized in that: The dosage ratio of diatomaceous earth and alkane coupling agent is (10-15) g: (20-22) ml.

9. The process for preparing organic fertilizer based on black soldier fly feces and shells according to claim 5, characterized in that: The usage ratio of black soldier fly shell, black soldier fly feces, plant straw and alkane coupling agent modified diatomaceous earth is (1-2): (4-5): (5-6): (1-2).

10. The process for preparing organic fertilizer based on black soldier fly feces and shells according to claim 6, characterized in that: The biological fermentation bacteria refers to one or more of actinomycetes, fungi, Bacteroidetes, Bacillus, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

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