Mechanical wall-cutting and filling mining method for steeply inclined thin vein

Abstract

The invention discloses a mechanical wall cutting and filling mining method for a steeply inclined thin vein, which comprises the following steps of: S1, dividing the steeply inclined thin vein into middle sections and ore blocks, and tunneling pedestrian material courtyards in columns among the ore blocks; s2, an in-vein haulage roadway is tunneled, then a pedestrian material courtyard is tunneled upwards through the in-vein haulage roadway, and a stope connection way is constructed; s3, a milling excavator is adopted for mining from one side to the other side, wall cutting is not needed after the first layer is stoped, wall cutting is conducted on the surrounding rock after the second layer is stoped, a false bottom is laid on the first layer, and a pass shaft is reserved; after the third layer is mined, the carry-scraper enters a stope to transport ore to a drop shaft on the way for ore removal, wall cutting is carried out on surrounding rock after stoping is completed, then filling is carried out, and a space is reserved for operation of the stoping carry-scraper of the next layer; and S4, the stoping operation of each layer is continuously and upwards carried out, and the stoping of each subsection ore body is completed. The filling mining method solves the technical problems that in the prior art, the mining production cost is high, and the operation safety cannot be guaranteed.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of underground mining, and in particular relates to a mechanical wall cutting and filling mining method for steeply inclined thin ore veins. Background Art

[0002] Most of my country's metal mines are located in structural fracture zones. The ore bodies are thin, the roof and floor surrounding rocks are generally stable and broken, and the ore body inclination is steep. Low-cost, low-disturbance and safe mining methods need to be considered during mining. The difficulties in mining this type of deposit are as follows: ① The ore body is a steeply inclined thin ore body, and it is difficult for mechanical equipment to enter the mining area; ② The ore body grade is low, and the mining cost must be reduced.

[0003] China's invention patent authorization announcement number CN110566206B discloses a method for mining and filling up and down the steeply inclined and extremely thin ore veins. The method involves excavating a bottom space from the pedestrian ventilation shafts on both sides along the upper boundary of the bottom pillar into the interior of the ore block, excavating several chute shafts upward near the lower plate of the ore body in the middle section of the transport tunnel as chute shafts, drilling cutting holes in the upper and lower wall surrounding rocks, drilling ore holes in the extremely thin ore veins, and drilling pre-crack holes at the contact surface of the ore rock. The upper and lower wall surrounding rocks that fall behind form a waste rock filling body, which is then filled with tailings to form a tailings cemented filling body, and then the pre-crack holes and the ore holes are blasted at the same time with a slight difference, the pre-crack holes are blasted ahead of the ore holes, and the ore is transported to the chute shaft by a small scraper or electric rake, and then transported to the pit bottom parking lot by the middle section of the transport tunnel. This invention uses blasting to mine, which has high production costs and cannot guarantee operational safety. Summary of the invention

[0004] In view of the current technical problems, the present invention aims to provide a mechanical wall cutting and filling mining method for steeply inclined thin ore veins. The filling mining method can solve the technical problems in the prior art of high mining production costs and lack of operational safety assurance.

[0005] In order to achieve the above object, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is:

[0006] A steeply inclined thin ore vein mechanical wall cutting and filling mining method, comprising the following steps:

[0007] Step S1, dividing the steeply inclined thin ore vein into middle sections, and dividing the ore blocks through the pedestrian material skylight, digging the pedestrian material skylight in the pillars between the ore blocks, and reserving the top pillar;

[0008] Step S2, excavating an intra-vein transport tunnel along the direction of the ore body, then excavating a pedestrian material skylight upward through the intra-vein transport tunnel, and then constructing a stope connection road through the pedestrian material skylight, and the stope connection road passes through the ore block pillars to enter the stope; arranging a pedestrian return air skylight, and connecting each section to form a ventilation system;

[0009] Step S3, the ore vein in the disk area is mined from one side to the other side by using a milling machine. After the first layer is mined, there is no need to cut the wall. After the second layer is mined, the surrounding rock is cut, and a false bottom is laid in the first layer, and a chute is reserved. After the third layer is mined, the scraper enters the mining site to transport the ore to the chute to exit the mine. After the mining is completed, the surrounding rock is cut, and then filled and space is reserved for the scraper to operate in the next layer.

[0010] Step S4, continuously carry out the mining operation of each layer upwards, after the mining of each layer is completed, the surrounding rock is cut, and then the layer is filled to complete the mining of each segmented ore body.

[0011] The mining area is arranged along the direction of the ore body, and the pedestrian material shaft is used for the excavation milling machine and personnel and materials to go up and down. The milling machine is used to excavate the ore vein. The width of the milling machine is relatively narrow, only 30 to 40 cm, which is suitable for the operating conditions of steeply inclined thin ore veins. A false bottom is set in the first layer to facilitate the safe operation of mechanized equipment. When mining the second layer and each layer above, the surrounding rock is cut to meet the minimum safe width for the scraper to enter the mining area. A chute is set along the way to facilitate the stratified mining. During mining, fresh air flows from the intra-vein transport tunnel through the pedestrian material shaft into the mining face of the mining area. After cleaning the working face, the dirty air is collected into the ventilation system through the pedestrian return air shaft for ventilation. The mechanical wall cutting and filling mining method for steeply inclined thin ore veins of the present invention can greatly reduce the mining cost of the mine, realize non-explosive continuous mining, improve the production capacity of the mine and the mechanization level of the mine, and reduce the labor quota. The mechanical wall cutting and filling mining method for steeply inclined thin ore veins of the present invention can mine extremely thin ore veins, and the equipment does not need to leave the mining site, and continuous mining can be achieved. Personnel operating the equipment can improve the safety of the mining site. The mechanical wall cutting and filling mining method for steeply inclined thin ore veins of the present invention adopts a milling machine to replace the rock drilling trolley, replaces inefficient mining equipment such as pneumatic drills and electric rakes, and adopts the process of ore and rock separation mining and wall cutting and filling to improve the mechanization level, which solves the outstanding problems of small mining site capacity, high depletion rate and large labor quota of steeply inclined thin ore veins, and has many advantages such as high mechanization degree, large mining site capacity, continuous mining and low cost.

[0012] Preferably, in step S1, the middle section height is 40m-60m, the stope length is 50m-60m, the width of the pillars between the blocks is 6m-8m, and the panel width is 200m-300m.

[0013] Preferably, in step S2, the pedestrian material skylight is set in the steeply inclined thin ore vein; the pedestrian return air skylight is connected to the upper middle section return air lane, the return air lane is connected to the return air shaft, and the upper end of the return air shaft is connected to the ground surface. Fresh air flows from the transport lane in the vein through the pedestrian material skylight into the mining face of the stope. After cleaning the working face, the polluted air flows into the upper middle section return air lane through the pedestrian return air skylight, and finally flows into the return air shaft and is discharged to the ground surface.

[0014] Preferably, in step S3 and step S4, the height of each layer is 2.5-3 m, and the width of the surrounding rock wall cutting is 0.6-1.2 m.

[0015] Preferably, in steps S3 and S4, the ore bodies in the panel area are mined continuously in the same direction, and the mining operations are all carried out in a one-way excavation from the pedestrian material shaft to one side. During the mining operation, the working face is advanced in a mining sequence from one side to the other side.

[0016] Preferably, in step S3, the first layer and the second layer are mined simultaneously.

[0017] Specifically, in steps S3 and S4, the roof is pried up during each layered mining, and anchor net support is used to reinforce unstable sections according to the stability of the roof surrounding rock.

[0018] Preferably, in step S3, the height of the false bottom is 0.8-1.5 m, and the false bottom is formed by steel mesh and filling slurry, and the compressive strength of the filling slurry is not less than 3 MPa.

[0019] Preferably, in steps S3 and S4, waste rock and filling material slurry are used for combined filling during backfilling of each layer. The wall cutting filling area is filled with waste rock and filling material slurry at the same time, so as to form a certain strength, which is convenient for the safe operation of subsequent equipment.

[0020] In order to speed up the discharge of crushing dust, preferably, in steps S3 and S4, local fans are used in the mining area to enhance ventilation.

[0021] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0022] (1) The steeply inclined thin ore vein mechanical wall cutting and filling mining method of the present invention can greatly reduce the mining cost of the mine, realize non-explosive continuous mining, improve the mine production capacity and the mine mechanization level, and reduce the labor quota.

[0023] (2) The steeply inclined thin vein mechanical wall cutting and filling mining method of the present invention can mine extremely thin veins. The equipment does not need to leave the mining site, and continuous mining can be achieved. Personnel operating the equipment can improve the safety of the mining site.

[0024] (3) The mechanical wall cutting and filling mining method for steeply inclined thin ore veins of the present invention adopts a milling machine to replace a rock drilling trolley, replaces inefficient mining equipment such as pneumatic drills and electric rakes, and adopts the technology of ore and rock separation and wall cutting and filling to improve the level of mechanization, thereby solving the prominent problems of small mining capacity, high depletion rate and large labor quota of steeply inclined thin ore veins. It has many advantages such as high degree of mechanization, large mining capacity, continuous mining and low cost. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0025] Figure 1It is a cross-sectional view of the stope in the steeply inclined thin ore vein mechanical wall cutting and filling mining method of the present invention;

[0026] Figure 2 for Figure 1 The III-III section diagram;

[0027] Figure 3 for Figure 1 Ⅱ-Ⅱ cross-section diagram.

[0028] In the figure

[0029] 1-intra-vein transport tunnel, 2-pedestrian material shaft, 3-block pillars, 4-mining connecting road, 5-false bottom, 6-road chute, 7-pedestrian return air shaft, 8-milling excavator, 9-scraper. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0030] The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and in combination with the embodiments. It should be noted that the embodiments of the present invention and the features in the embodiments can be combined with each other without conflict. For the convenience of description, if the words "upper", "lower", "left" and "right" appear in the following, they only indicate that the upper, lower, left and right directions are consistent with the drawings themselves, and do not limit the structure.

[0031] This embodiment discloses a steeply inclined thin ore vein mechanical wall cutting and filling mining method, comprising the following steps:

[0032] Step S1, stope layout: Figure 1 As shown, the stope is arranged along the strike of the ore body, the steeply inclined thin ore vein is divided into the middle section, the ore blocks are divided by the pedestrian material riser 2, the pedestrian material riser 2 is excavated in the pillars 3 between the ore blocks, and a top pillar of 3m is left. The ore body in the panel area is mined continuously in the same direction. After the top pillar is mined in the upper middle section in the later stage, the pedestrian material riser 2 is used for retreat mining and recovery; among which, the middle section height is 50m, the stope length is 50m, the width of the pillars 3 between the ore blocks is 6m, and the size of the pedestrian material riser 2 is 2m×2.5m;

[0033] Step S2, mining and cutting engineering: excavating the intra-vein transport tunnel 1 along the direction of the ore body, and then excavating the pedestrian material skylight 2 upward through the intra-vein transport tunnel 1, the pedestrian material skylight 2 is constructed in the vein, and the pedestrian material skylight 2 is used for the excavation milling machine 8 and personnel and materials to go up and down (the equipment is hoisted to the stope by a winch), and then the stope contact road 4 is constructed through the pedestrian material skylight 2, and the stope is entered through the ore block pillar 3; the pedestrian return air skylight 7 is arranged, and the pedestrian return air skylight 7 is connected with the upper middle section return air tunnel, and the return air tunnel is connected with the return air shaft, and the upper end of the return air shaft is connected with the ground surface to form a ventilation system;

[0034] Step S3, mining process: the ore vein in the disk area is mined from one side to the other side. After the first layer is mined, there is no need to cut the wall. After the second layer is mined, the wall needs to be cut so that the subsequent scraper 9 can enter the mining area to mine. Figure 2 As shown, after the first and second layers are mined, a false bottom 5 is formed by using a steel mesh and a high-strength filling body. The height of the false bottom 5 is 0.8 to 1.5 m. The false bottom 5 is filled with a steel mesh and a filling slurry. The compressive strength of the filling slurry is not less than 3 MPa. Figure 1 and Figure 3 As shown, a side chute 6 is reserved for subsequent stratified mining; after mining the third stratum, the mining work is advanced from the pedestrian material shaft 2 to one side of the working face, and the excavation milling machine 8 enters the mining site through the pedestrian material shaft 2, first cuts and breaks the relatively broken ore body, and uses the scraper 9 to transport the ore to the side chute 6 for mining, and then uses the scraper 8 to cut the surrounding rock, and then uses the waste rock + filling slurry to combine and fill the stratum and leave enough space for the scraper 9 to run when the previous stratum is mined;

[0035] Ventilation: Fresh air flows from the intra-vein transport tunnel 1 through the pedestrian material skylight 2 into the mining face. After cleaning the face, the polluted air flows through the pedestrian return air skylight 7 into the upper and middle return air tunnels, and finally into the return air shaft and is discharged to the surface.

[0036] Mine roof management: After mining the ore body, the roof prying operation should be carried out immediately. According to the stability of the roof surrounding rock, anchor net support can be used to reinforce the unstable sections.

[0037] Step S4: Continuously carry out the mining operation of each layer upwards. After the mining of each layer is completed, the surrounding rock is cut, and then the layer is filled with a combination of waste rock and filling slurry to complete the mining of each segmented ore body.

[0038] In step S3 and step S4, the height of each layer is 2.5 to 3 m, and the width of the surrounding rock wall is 0.6 to 1.2 m.

[0039] The contents explained in the above embodiments should be understood as these embodiments are only used to more clearly illustrate the present invention, and are not used to limit the scope of the present invention. After reading the present invention, various equivalent forms of modifications to the embodiments made by those skilled in the art fall within the scope defined by the claims attached to the present invention.

Claims

1. A mechanical wall cutting and filling mining method for steeply inclined thin ore veins, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Step S1, dividing the steeply inclined thin ore vein into middle sections, and dividing the ore blocks through the pedestrian material skylight (2), digging the pedestrian material skylight (2) in the pillars (3) between the ore blocks, and reserving the top pillar; Step S2, excavating an intra-vein transport tunnel (1) along the direction of the ore body, then excavating a pedestrian material skylight (2) upward through the intra-vein transport tunnel (1), and then constructing a stope connection road (4) through the pedestrian material skylight (2), and the stope connection road (4) passes through the ore block pillars (3) to enter the stope; arranging a pedestrian return air skylight (7), and connecting each section to form a ventilation system; Step S3, the ore vein in the disk area is mined from one side to the other side using a milling machine (8), and no wall cutting is required after the first layer is mined. After the second layer is mined, the surrounding rock is cut, and a false bottom (5) is laid in the first layer, and a chute (6) is reserved; after the third layer is mined, a scraper (9) enters the mining site to transport ore to the chute (6) for unloading. After the mining is completed, the surrounding rock is cut, and then filled and space is reserved for the scraper (9) to operate in the next layer. Step S4, continuously carry out the mining operation of each layer upwards, after the mining of each layer is completed, the surrounding rock is cut, and then the layer is filled to complete the mining of each segmented ore body.

2. The steeply inclined thin ore vein mechanical wall cutting and filling mining method according to claim 1 is characterized in that: In step S1, the middle section height is 40m-60m, the stope length is 50m-60m, the width of the ore block pillars (3) is 6m-8m, and the panel width is 200m-300m.

3. The steeply inclined thin ore vein mechanical wall cutting and filling mining method according to claim 1 is characterized in that: In step S2, a pedestrian material skylight (2) is set in a steeply inclined thin ore vein; a pedestrian return air skylight (7) is connected to the upper middle return air lane, the return air lane is connected to the return air shaft, and the upper end of the return air shaft is connected to the ground surface.

4. The steeply inclined thin ore vein mechanical wall cutting and filling mining method according to claim 1 is characterized in that: In step S3 and step S4, the height of each layer is 2.5-3 m, and the width of the surrounding rock wall is 0.6-1.2 m.

5. The steeply inclined thin ore vein mechanical wall cutting and filling mining method according to claim 1 is characterized in that: In steps S3 and S4, the ore bodies in the panel area are mined continuously in the same direction, and the mining operations are all carried out in a one-way excavation from the pedestrian material shaft (2) to one side.

6. The steeply inclined thin ore vein mechanical wall cutting and filling mining method according to claim 5 is characterized in that: In step S3, the first layer and the second layer are mined simultaneously.

7. The steeply inclined thin ore vein mechanical wall cutting and filling mining method according to claim 1 is characterized by: In steps S3 and S4, the roof is pried up during each stratified mining operation, and anchor net support is used to reinforce unstable sections according to the stability of the roof surrounding rock.

8. The steeply inclined thin ore vein mechanical wall cutting and filling mining method according to claim 1 is characterized by: In step S3, the height of the false bottom (5) is 0.8-1.5 m, and the false bottom (5) is formed by a steel mesh and a filling slurry, and the compressive strength of the filling slurry is not less than 3 MPa.

9. The steeply inclined thin ore vein mechanical wall cutting and filling mining method according to claim 1, characterized in that: In steps S3 and S4, when backfilling each layer, waste rock and filling material slurry are used for combined backfilling.

10. The steeply inclined thin ore vein mechanical wall cutting and filling mining method according to claim 1, characterized in that: In steps S3 and S4, local fans are used in the mining area to enhance ventilation.

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